DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY DASMARINAS

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, ARCHITECTURE

AND TECHNOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT

Assignment
EEPROM Operation and Uses

Submitted by:
Rexanne Grace N. Ana

Submitted to:
Sir Ferdinand Osorio

Date: 11/14/2016
EEPROM

(electrically erasable programmable read-only memory) is user-modifiable read-

only memory read-only-memory that can be erased and reprogrammed (written to)
repeatedly through the application of higher than normal electrical voltage. Unlike
EPROM chips, EEPROMs do not need to be removed from the computer to be
modified. However, an EEPROM chip has to be erased and reprogrammed in its
entirety, not selectively. It also has a limited life - that is, the number of times it can be
reprogrammed is limited to tens or hundreds of thousands of times. In an EEPROM that
is frequently reprogrammed while the computer is in use, the life of the EEPROM can
be an important design consideration.
EEPROMs are organized as arrays of floating-gate transistors. EEPROMs can
be programmed and erased in-circuit, by applying special programming signals.
Originally, EEPROMs were limited to single byte operations which made them slower,
but modern EEPROMs allow multi-byte page operations. It also has a limited life for
erasing and reprogramming, now reaching a million operations in modern EEPROMs. In
an EEPROM that is frequently reprogrammed while the computer is in use, the life of
the EEPROM is an important design consideration.
Unlike most other kinds of non-volatile memory, an EEPROM typically allows
bytes to be read, erased, and re-written individually. EPROM are erased by exposing a
chip to ultra-violet light to erase its entire contents. Flash memory are electrically erased
and programmed but only as groups of bytes, ranging from tens to tens of thousands of
bytes for different devices.

A special form of EEPROM is flash memory, which uses normal PC voltages for
erasure and reprogramming.

However an EEPROM need not be taken out of the computer or electronic device of
which it is part when a new program or information or data needs to be written on it.
Particular customizing might be finished to an EEPROM chip

EEPROM
 The client/user can change the quality of certain units without expecting to erase the
programming on different cells. Consequently, areas of data might be erased and
replaced without expecting to adjust whatever rest of the chip programming. Data saved
in an EEPROM chip is permanent, until the client chooses to delete and replace the
data that it contains. The information saved in an EEPROM chip is not lost even when
power is turned off. Here only one external power supply device is used . Write and
erase operation are performed on byte basis.

There are many types of EEPROM devices available, but one of the most commonly
used EEPROM families is 24CXX series devices such as 24C02, 24C04, 24C08 and
etc. These all are have same features but only difference is in its memory.

Features of EEPROM:

o Low and standard voltage operation (100 kHz (1.8V) and 400 kHz (2.7V, 5V)
compatibility)
o Schmitt trigger, filtered inputs for noise suppression
o Internally Organized 128 x 8 (1K), 256 x 8 (2K), 512 x 8 (4K), 1024 x 8 (8K) or 2048 x 8
(16K)
o Automotive devices available
o Two-wire serial interface (Two wires are used to read and write data into it)
o Bidirectional data transfer protocol
o Write protect pin for hardware data protection
o 8-byte page (1K, 2K), 16-byte page (4K, 8K, 16K) write modes
o Partial age writes allowed
o Self-timed write cycle

Principle of operation of EEPROM

The EEPROM uses the principle same as that of the UV-EPROM. The electrons which
are trapped in a floating gate will modify the characteristics of the cell, so instead of that
logic 0 or logic 1 will be stored.

EEPROM is the memory device which implements the fewest standards in cell design.
Most of the common cells are composed of two transistors. In this the storage transistor
has the floating gate that will trap the electrons. Apart from that there is an access
transistor which is used in the operation. In EPROM , cell is erased when electrons are
removed from the floating gate, whereas in EEPROM , cell is erased when electrons are
trapped in the floating cell.

There are two distinct EEPROM families: serial and parallel access. The serial access
represents 90 percent of the overall EEPROM in market, where as the parallel access
EEPROMs is about 10 percent.

Parallel EEPROM:
1. Parallel devices are available in higher densities more then 256bits and are generally
working faster.
2. Highly Reliable and these are mostly used for military market.
3. They are pin compatible with EPROMs and flash memory devices.

Parallel EEPROM Devices

Serial EEPROM:

1. Serial EEPROMs are less dense (typically from 256 bit to 256Kbit) and are slower than
parallel devices.
2. They are much cheaper and used in more commodity applications.
Features

Operating voltage range Read: 1.8 V to 5.5 V

Operation frequency: 2.0 MHz (VCC = 4.5 V to 5.5 V)

Sequential read capable

Function to protect against write due to erroneous instruction recognition

Endurance: 106

Cycles / word*1 (Ta = +85C)

Data retention: 100 years (Ta = +25C)

20 years (Ta = +85C)

Memory capacity: S-93C46B 1 K-bit

S-93C56B 2 K-bit

S-93C66B 4 K-bit

Initial shipment data: FFFFh

Lead-free, Sn 100%, halogen-free*2

Memory Organization of EEPROM

AT24C02 EEPROM: 24C02 are internally organized with 32 pages of 8 bytes each, the
2K requires an 8-bit data word address for random word addressing.

AT24C04 EEPROM: 24C04 are internally organized with 32 pages of 16 bytes each;
the 4K requires a 9-bit data word address for random word addressing.

AT24C08 EEPROM: 24C08 are internally organized with 64 pages of 16 bytes each,
the 8K requires a 10-bit data word address for random word addressing.
Applications of EEPROM

EEPROMs are used in many applications such as telecom, consumer, automotive and
industrial applications. The other applications are include:

1. The reprogrammable calibration data for test equipment

2. Data storage from a learn function as in a remote control transmitter.

AT24C02 EEPROM:

The AT24C02 is an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)

chip. It is internally organized with 32 pages of 8 bytes each; it has 2Kbits of memory
size. It is most commonly used EEPROM; it comes with 8-pin DIP, shown in figure:

Pin 1-3: A0, A1, A2 are the address inputs of chip, in this A1 and A2 are for addressing
and A0 is a NA (no connection) pin. The eight 2K devices may be addressed on a single
bus system.

Pin 4: Ground (GND).

Pin 5: It is a serial data pin; it is bi-directional for serial data transfer.

Pin 6: It is serial clock input, provides the positive clock signals.

Pin 7: It is write protect pin, provides the hardware data protection. It allows read/write
operation when connected to ground pin.

Pin 8: Power supply.

Application involving EEPROM 24C02

From the circuit, in this we used EEPROM 24C02 of 2KB memory to store the desired
password/number entered by the keypad, both of which are interfaced to microcontroller
shown in figure. While the user wants to open the lock which is prompted by an LCD
display duly connected to the microcontroller, he must enter the password by the
keypad. If it is matched with the stored password in the EEPROM retrieved by the
microcontroller it delivers logic high at pin38 and 37 to either to open or close the door.
For the purpose of the output verification we can use two lamps to indicate door
opening and closing.