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The Refractive Indices of Ethyl Alcohol and Water Mixtures PDF
The Refractive Indices of Ethyl Alcohol and Water Mixtures PDF
Loyola eCommons
Master's Theses Theses and Dissertations
1939
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Nowakowska, Janina, "The Refractive Indices of Ethyl Alcohol and Water Mixtures" (1939). Master's Theses. Paper 668.
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Copyright 1939 Janina Nowakowska
TH1 REFRACTIVE INDICES OF ETHYL AlCOHOL
AND WATER MIXTURES
BY
TANIIU. NOWAXOWSD.
LOYOLA. UNIVEBSI'l'Y
CHICAGO
1 9 s 9
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pg. No.
I. List ot Tables 1
v. Part II -Experimental . 20
VI. conclusion 48
VII. Bibliography .. 50
1
LIST OF TABLES
Pg. No.
1. Viscosity of Ethyl Alcohol-water Mixtures lB
II. Refractive Index of Ethyl Alcohol-tater
Mixtures T -= 200 ................................. 22
LIST OF GRA.Pffi
1. Viscosity of Ethyl Alcohol-water Mixtures vs. Pg.No.
Concentration (from J. Cham. Soc.) l7
2. Voscocity of Ethyl Alcohol-water Mixtures vs.
Concentration (from Int. Grit. Tables) l9
3. Refractive Index o:f' Ethyl Alcohol-water Mixtures
vs. Concentra.tion T 2oc ... 23
4. Refractive Index of Ethyl Alcohol-water Mixtures
vs. Concentration T = 25c 25
5. Retracti ve Index o:f' Ethyl Alcohol-Water Mixtures
vs. Concentration T 300 27
6. Refractive Index o:f' Ethyl Alcohol-tater Mixtures
vs. Concentration T = 350 . 29
7. Refractive Index Deviation o:f' Ethyl Alcohol Water
Mixtures vs. Concentration T 200 33
e. Re:f'racti ve Index Deviation of Ethyl Alcohol Water
Mixtures vs. Concentration T = 250 35
9. Refractive Index Deviation of Ethyl Alcohol water
Mixtures vs. Concentration T 300 ~ 37
10. Refractive Index Deviation of Ethyl Alcohol water
Mixtures vs. Concentration T 350 39
11. Refractive Index of Ethyl Alcohol Water Mixtures
(from Int. Cri t. Tables) . 45
12. Concentration of Ethyl Alcohol Water Mixtures vs.
Pressure . ........................................ 47
3
INTRODUCTION
PART I - THEORETICAL
~~-~~-------~-------------------------------------------
a C. P. Smyth: Dielectric Constants and Molecular Struc-
ture, The Chemical Catalog Co., Inc., 1931, New York.
9
+
.,.
+
--------------------------------------------------~------
a J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60,779,1938.
the hydroxyl group. such a picture is in agreement with
decreasing values in refractive index.
Some of the physical properties of alcohol and
water (abnormal surface tension relationships, abnormal
critical ratios, high latent heats of evaporation, hign
dielectric constants, and abnormal molecular weights in
solution) studied by Sugdenagive indication of association
of alcohol and water, but data obtained do not measure the
degree or association, and therefore have only a quali ta-
tive meaning.
Viscosity concentration curves of alcohol and
water mixtures are similar to refractive index-concentra-
tion curves in that they show a maximum at a certain con-
centration. Explaining this maximum in Viscosity, Dunstanb
believes that association and eventually complex formation
is greater at this point than at any other point. An exa-
~~~----------~--~~-------------~-----------------------
a S. Sugden, The Parachor & Valency, 1930, Geo. Routledge
and Sons , Lond011.
b cT. Chem. Soc. 95, 1556 (1909)
c H. c. crones, Conductivity & Viscosities in Pure and
Mixed Solvents, 1915, Carnegie Institure
of Washington. Wash in ton D. C
15
~~~~-----~----------~--~--~-----------~---------------
a ~. Chem. Phys. 5, 907 (1937)
16
0. 01 SD 0
o. 01/00
0.0()700
0 'tO so /00
18
J
~
b-
20
PART II - EXP.ImiM.ENTAL
TABLE II
.....~
'
~
-~
~
..... 1~'-II
~~ C)
~
i~
'cl ~
~j
~-~
~
::)..
~ ~
~
)
0
<")
~
<;)
"'1
-
~
24
TABLE III
'()
"'
t
~~
.......
~
'\.; .
~~
0
~~
'->
<::.
~
~-l
~~
..,
Q ~
~
~
Q
~
Q
~------------------------------------------------------~26
'fABLE IV
....c;) .21
I
~s
~
o-.
()
,._
~
<:)
""
T'
~~
~
0
t.,
~~
0
.:3-
~;f~-~
~~
0
t?
1...1
~
()
""
0
.-----------------------------------------------------~ 28
TABLE V
o.oo 1.33174
'1.61 1.33600
24.42 1.34502
41.51 1.35404
60.45 1.35811
66.44 1.35880
71.23 1.35908
77.35 1.35911
82.86 1.35913
83.55 1.35901
92.68 1.35760
96.33 1.35600
v
....Q
.,.,0
~
,...0
-r
...
0
~~
t~
~ .
~ ~
0 ~
~
cl~
~ ~
Q
;)-
;ft -~
~~
,..,
0 ~~
~
Q
~
=l
J,.,.f'
,J~l ~~~
~-------------------------------------------------------. 30
TABLE VI
TABLE VI
(continued)
-I- -II- -III- -IV-
Sp. refractions Sp. refractions
calculated with calculated with
aid ot Lorenz & aid or additive
% of ethyl 2
Lorentz e~Wftion: mixture rule: Difference
alcohol r='n- r q,r,+q2 r 2 between
by weight. n!+2 a 2 & 3
TABLE VII
0
~
~
~
0
'J)
l0
~
0 ~
~
~
~
~
<:::>
::r- '-...;..)
~hl
~
..,
C)
'}-.J
g
,_j
~
0
~
0
TABLE VIII
~
"\.!
~
~
~
h
~
0
~
~
..,"'
)
~
0
"'
0
~----------------------------------------------------~35
}
()
"
~
0
'-
~
~
~
a ~
~
&.,
~
~
;r
~
a
CW)
)
~
<::.
co-,
JoO~:: ").
~~~-,~~6
38
'fABLE X
...
~ f
~
~
0 ~
"' 3
~
""'-.~
f
()
.:r-
~
0
C")
)
J
...,0
~~r..;;;:;tG
r------------------------------------------------------------, 40
15 80 1.36690
15.5 83.63 1.36651
17.5 83.75 1.36587
20 '19.4 1.36500
25 79.3 1.363315
Data trom Tables II, III, IV, V
------------~----~--~------------------~---------~----
20 82.86 1.36490
25 77.01 1.56341
30 77.35 1.36116
35 82.86 1.35913
~-~~----~-~----~--------------------------~--~------
In Tiew ot. the preceding discussion, a tem.pera-
ture range ot stability would indicate that a similar in-
ternal structure ot alcohol- ter mixtures exists w1 thin
41
TA.Bl.J!! XI
TABLE XI
(Continued)
~ ethyl %ethyl
alcohol alcohol
by wt. Refractive by wt. Refractive
T 25C Index T 25C Index
70 1.363038 87 1.36280
'14 1.363208 88 1.36269
75 1~363239 89 1.36255
76 1.363265 90 1.36239
77 1.363286 91 1.36221
'18 1.363302 92 1.36200
'19 1.363313 93 1.36178
79.3 1.363315 94 1.36153
80 1.36331 95 1.36125
81 1.36326 96 1.36094
82 1.36319 97 1.36061
83 1.36312 98 1.36024
84 1.36305 99 1.35984
85 1.36297 100 1.35941
86 1.36290
S~ll
<:)
Oo
~
~
'-9
~ ld
~~
'\,)
}1 - -.1
-N:
~~
'41
<;)
~
il
~1
"-J \'
c
.:)oo ~~~
~~
<:;)
....., )~
J ~d
c
<'Y
G
r 46
TABLE XII
EFFECT OF PRESSURE UPON AZEOTROPIC MIXTURES
A ~0
p. mm Hg B.P. C Mol % B
100 34.2 99.6
150 42.0 96.2
200 47.8 93.8
400 62.8 91.4
760 78.1 90.0
1100 87.8 89.3
1450 95.3 89.0
'tl
~8
'
ISOQ
/J ()0
II 00
~
~-~
q 00
~
~
Q,.p.-:. 18.tt
~
~-
700
~
"
~
r-~~ .ro 0
.100
/00
II 1~1
I
1
I
48
CONCLUSION
Master of Soienoe.