TNG QUAN

Hng mc san nn l mt hng mc ln trong thit k v thi cng cng trnh xy dng. Thng
thng hng mc ny chim t 15-20% tng mc u t ca cng trnh. C mt s trng hp c
bit san nn chim n 30% tng mc u t. Do vic tnh ton chnh xc khi lng san nn l
c bit quan trng.
Cng tc tnh ton khi lng san nn gm 2 phn
* Tnh ton trong bin o p
* Tnh ton o p taluy
tnh toan kh i l ng san n n c n y u 3 y u t :
* B m t t nhin (con go i la b m t hi n tra ng hay b m t trc san l p ...)
* B m t thi t k (con go i la b m t sau san l p hay b m t hoan cng trong trng h p tnh hoan cng
san n n ...)
* Bin l ao p (g m ca bin ngoai va bin trong (vung bo qua khng san l p))
Trong thc t, cc bi ton san nn kh a dng. Cac bai toan nay ch khac nhau v m hnh thi t
k . C th k ra cc ng dng ca bi ton tnh ton khi lng san nn nh:
* Thit k tnh ton san nn o p thng thng
* Thit k tnh ton hon cng san nn
* Thit k tnh ton khi lng nt giao
* Thit k tnh ton dung tch h cha (H iu ha, lng h thy in, )

San n n trong bin ao p

Cng tac tn
h toan kh i l ng san n n trong l co th thc hi n theo 2 phng phap:
Tnh toan theo phng phap li vung (Phng phap tc h phn giai tch)
Tnh ton theo phng phap hnh ho c khng gian 3D
Cac phng phap trn u co nhng u nh c i m ring va co s chnh l ch v k t qua tnh toan do
c xy dng trn cac ly thuy t tnh toan khac nhau. Phng phap li vung thng ch ap du ng
hi u qua cho ia hnh b ng ph ng (ca t nhin va thi t k u tng i b ng ph ng) con phng
phng phap hnh ho c co th ap du ng cho b t ky trng h p nao
.Phng phap li vung

1. LY THUYT TI NH TOAN
 Theo phng php ny, vng tnh ton khi lng san nn c chia thnh cc n v tch phn. Mi
n v l mt khi lng tr ch nht vi 2 mt y trn v y di l cc mt lm trn trung bnh ca
b mt t nhin v b mt thit k.
Th tch ca mi n v tch phn c tnh theo cng thc th tch ca khi lng tr:

Trong :
V : Th tch khi lng tr tch phn n v
S : Din tch mt chiu bng khi lng tr tch phn n v
: Cao thit k v t nhin ni suy ti cc nt li
Th tch ton vng o p c cng dn theo cc hng (hoc ct) v cng tng cc hng (ct) vi
nhau
2. SAI S TI NH TOAN
Theo cc tnh ton ny xut hin 3 sai s :
Sai s do vic thu thp s liu kho st b mt t nhin (hin trng). Sai s ny ch c cch iu
chnh duy nht l tng mt im cao trnh kho st ngoi hin trng th hin chnh xc nht c
th m hnh ngoi thc t ln bn v.
Sai s do ni suy cao t nhin v thit k ti cc nt li. Sai s ny c th hn ch bng cc
cch nh v nt li vo cc im c cao trnh xc nh (khi khng phi ni suy cao )
Sai s do chun ha cc khi tch phn n v. Sai s ny gm 2 sai s:
Sai s din tch vng o/p trong mt khi tch phn n v gm c o v p
 Din tch vng o p tnh ton Din tch vng o p thc t
Sai s tnh trung bnh chnh cao

Sai s do chnh cao trung bnh

Hai loi sai s ny c nhn vi nhau to ra mt sai s ln hn cng dn vo kt qu tnh th tch o
p ca tng li n v v cng dn vo tng th tch.
hn ch 2 loi sai s ny th cc tch phn n v phi c chia nh coi l thay i cao
t nhin v thit k l khng ng k. a hnh cng thay i t ngt cng cn chia nh bm theo
cc thay i ca a hnh. Tuy nhin vic chia cc li cng c gii hn c th hin th kt qu trn
bn v. Do vy thng ch chia n kch thc 10x10m hoc ti a 5x5m
3. U NHC IM
U IM
 Tnh ton nhanh
D dng thc hin vi tnh ton bng th cng hoc bng phn mm
Kim tra d dng vi cc d liu hin th trn bn v in
NHC IM
Sai s tnh ton ln
Khng tch chnh xc ranh gii o p

B. Phng phap hn
h ho c khng gian 3D

1. LY THUYT TI NH TOAN

Tnh khi lng san nn theo phng php khi hnh hc khng gian 3D
Theo phng php ny, vng tnh ton khi lng san nn c tnh trc tip th tch theo khng
gian thc.
Kh i l ng th tch cua ca kh i san n n c tnh toan theo da ng t ng kh i. Tuy nhin, thu n l i
cho vi c th m tra th m inh va so sanh sai s gia cac phng phap tnh th kh i san n n vn c chia
nho theo cac vung nh i vi li vung. Vic chia ct thnh cc khi nh khng lam phat sinh
sai s t ng kh i l ng cua vung ao p.
2. SAI S TI NH TOAN
Theo cc tnh ton ny ch xut hin 1 sai s duy nht do vic thu thp s liu kho st b mt t nhin
(hin trng). Sai s ny ch c cch iu chnh duy nht l tng mt im cao trnh kho st ngoi
hin trng th hin chnh xc nht c th m hnh ngoi thc t ln bn v.
3. U NHC IM
U IM
Gim thiu sai s tnh ton m hnh ha. Khi lng chnh xc tuyt i so vi s liu kho st
Kim tra d dng vi cc d liu hin th trn bn v s
Tch chnh xc ranh gii o p
NHC IM
 Tc tnh ton chm hn
Kh c th thc hin c bng tnh ton th cng

Tnh toan taluy san n n

Cng tac tnh toan kh i l ng taluy san n n co th thc hi n theo 2 phng phap:
Tnh toan theo phng phap m t c t (Phng phap tc h phn giai tch)
Tnh ton theo phng phap hnh ho c khng gian 3D
Cac phng phap trn u co nhng u nh c i m ring va co s chnh l ch v k t qua tnh toan
do c xy dng trn cac ly thuy t tnh toan khac nhau. Phng phap li m t c t thng ch ap du ng
hi u qua cho ia hnh co cac ng t gay ia hnh tng i vung goc vi m t c t taluy (ca t nhin
va thi t k u phai am bao i u ki n nay) con phng phng phap hnh ho c co th ap du ng cho b t
ky trng h p nao.
Phng phap m t c t

1. LY THUYT TI NH TOAN

Tnh khi lng taluy san nn theo phng php mt ct

Theo phng php ny, vng taluy tnh ton khi lng c chia thnh cc n v tch phn. Mi
n v l mt khi lng tr vi 2 mt y l 2 mt ct trc v sau.
 Th tch ca mi n v tch phn c tnh theo cng thc th tch ca khi lng tr:

Trong :
V : Th tch khi lng tr tch phn n v
L : Khong cch bc chia mt ct
: Din tch mt ct trc v sau
2. SAI S TI NH TOAN
Theo cc tnh ton ny xut hin 2 sai s :
Sai s do vic thu thp s liu kho st b mt t nhin (hin trng). Sai s ny ch c cch iu
chnh duy nht l tng mt im cao trnh kho st ngoi hin trng th hin chnh xc nht c
th m hnh ngoi thc t ln bn v.
Sai s do chun ha cc khi tch phn n v.

Khi taluy tnh ton Khi taluy thc t

hn ch 2 loi sai s ny th bc mt ct phi c chia nh coi l thay i cao t
nhin v thit k l khng ng k. a hnh cng thay i t ngt cng cn chia nh bm theo cc
thay i ca a hnh. Tuy nhin vic chia bc mt ct cng c gii hn m bo tc tnh ton
vi my tnh. Do vy thng ch chia n 5m
3. U NHC IM
U IM
Tnh ton nhanh
D dng thc hin vi tnh ton bng th cng hoc bng phn mm
Kim tra d dng vi cc d liu hin th trn bn v in
NHC IM
Sai s tnh ton ln
Khng tch chnh xc ranh gii chn taluy o p trn mt bng
Phng phap hn
h ho c khng gian 3D

1. LY THUYT TI NH TOAN
 Theo phng php ny, vng tnh ton khi lng san nn c tnh trc tip th tch theo khng
gian thc.
Kh i l ng th tch cua ca kh i taluy c tnh toan theo da ng t ng kh i va khng phat sinh sai s
so gia 2 m t c t.
2. SAI S TI NH TOAN
Theo cc tnh ton ny ch xut hin 1 sai s duy nht do vic thu thp s liu kho st b mt t nhin
(hin trng). Sai s ny ch c cch iu chnh duy nht l tng mt im cao trnh kho st ngoi
hin trng th hin chnh xc nht c th m hnh ngoi thc t ln bn v.
3. U NHC IM
U IM
Gim thiu sai s tnh ton m hnh ha. Khi lng chnh xc tuyt i so vi s liu kho st
Kim tra d dng vi cc d liu hin th trn bn v s
Tch chnh xc ranh gii o p
NHC IM
Tc tnh ton chm hn
Kh c th thc hin c bng tnh ton th cng
D liu u vao

tnh toan kh i l ng san n n c n y u 3 y u t :

B m t t nhin (con go i la b m t hi n tra ng hay b m t trc san l p ...)
B m t thi t k (con go i la b m t sau san l p hay b m t hoan cng trong trng h p tnh hoan cng
san n n ...)
Bin l ao p (g m ca bin ngoai va bin trong (vung bo qua khng san l p))
B m t t nhin va thi t k (MHH)

B m t t nhin va thi t k trong chng trnh co phng thc khai bao nh nhau va go i chung la
M hnh ia hnh (MHH)
Xem mc: M hnh a hnh (ADS ROAD)

Bin l ao p

Bin l ao p c xac inh

b ng cac ng Polyline ch g m cac oa n th ng, khep kn va co
cao b ng 0
Bin l bao g m 2 loa i:
Bao ngoai: la ng gii ha n ngoai khu vc ao p. Mi vung tnh toan san n n ch co 1 ng
bao ngoai duy nh t
Bao trong (h ): la ng gii ha n cac khu vc bo qua khng san l p. Mo i ng bao trong khng
c chen ra pha ngoai ng bao ngoai. Mi vung tnh toan co th co 1 ho c nhi u ho c khng co
ng bao trong (h )

Li vung tnh toan san n n

 Li vung la i t ng c ban cua ADS Level dung quan ly va chia vng tnh ton khi
lng san nn c chia thnh cc n v tch phn. Mi n v l mt khi lng tr ch nht vi 2 mt
y trn v y di l cc mt lm trn trung bnh ca b mt t nhin v b mt thit k.
Go i la li vung nhng thc ch t li la t p h p cua cac t giac (trong trng h p thng thng
la hnh vung). Kch thc cua cac li c chia u nho coi nh s bi n thin (thay i) cua b
m t t nhin va b m t thi t k la khng ang k .
Li vung lun phai am bao bao h t khu vc tnh toan (bao ngoai). Trong ADS cho phep
ng bao n m trn ca nh cua li vung.
Li vung c xac inh
thng qua cac tham s sau:
To a g c li
Goc nghing li
S hang
Chi u cao hang
S c t
Chi u r ng c t

Ta o li vung
Trn h t thc hin vic ta o li vung nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Ta o li
Toolbar :
Command : LSN
Chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i "Ta o li"
 Nh p tn li. Tn li phai la duy nh t va khng trung nhau.
Cho n nut trong mu c nh p goc nghing t 2 i m trn ban
ve.
Nh p chi u cao hang va r ng c t cho li vung.
Cho n nut trong mu c sau o cho n ng bao khu vc tnh
toan (ve b ng Polyline trn ban ve) chng trnh t ng tnh toan to a g c cung nh s hang va
s c t c n thi t u bao h t ng bao vung san n n c n tnh toan.

Cho n ta o li trn ban ve

thoat va huy l nh cho n
Hiu chnh li vung

Li vung c ta o ra theo cac thng s m c inh thng khng bam c ia hnh t nhin va
thi t k , do v y se gy ra cac sai s tnh toan theo ly thuy t
ha n ch sai s , c n hi u chn
h li vung b ng cach inh vi la i cac vi tr li. Co th k t h p
nhi u l nh khac nhau vi c inh vi li n gian va thu n ti n hn:
Dung cac l nh Move, Stretch, Rotate cua AutoCad
Chen xoa hang, c t
Keo tha cac Grip point cua li
Hiu chnh b ng AutoCad

1. DICH CHUYN LI
Vi c dich
chuy n li c thc hi n b ng l nh Move cua AutoCad

Dich
chuy n li vung b ng l nh Move cua AutoCad

Trn
h t thc hin vic dich chuy n li nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : Modify \ Move
Toolbar :
Command : M
chuy n. n Enter () ho c ng t l nh
Cho n li c n dich
Ch i m c s (Base Point)
Ch i m c s mi (new Base Point)

2. QUAY LI

Vi c quay li c thc hi n b ng l nh Rotate cua AutoCad

Quay li vung b ng l nh Rotate cua AutoCad

Trn
h t thc hin vic quay li vung nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : Modify \ Rotate
Toolbar :
Command : RO
Cho n li c n quay. n Enter () ho c ng t l nh
Ch i m tm quay (Base Point)
Nh p goc quay. n Enter () ho c ng t l nh k t thuc
3. KEO GIA N LI

Keo gian li thc ch t la vi c keo gian

cac Grip Point cua li vung.
Vi c keo gian
li c thc hi n b ng l nh Stretch cua AutoCad
 Keo gian li vung b ng l nh Stretch cua AutoCad

Trn
h t thc hin keo gian li vung nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : Modify \ Stretch
Toolbar :
Command : S
Cho n cac Grip Point c n keo gian b ng cach dung chu t keo 1 ca s bao toan b cac Grip Point
c n keo gian. n Enter () ho c ng t l nh
Ch i m c s (Base Point)
Ch i m c s mi (new Base Point)
Hiu chnh Grip Point

Li vung hi u chnh cac Grip Point b ng cach s du ng cac l nh Move, Rotate, Stretch, ... trong
m t s trng h p khng thu n ti n khi ch mu n dich
1 ho c vai Grip Point. Khi o co th hi u chnh
trc ti p Grip Point thng qua cac thao tac keo, tha.
Cac Grip Point khng c hi u chnh vn c inh vi tr cu.
Trn
h t thc hin vic hiu chnh Grip point nh sau:
Kch trai chu t cho n vao li san n n trn ban ve xu t hi n cac Grip Point
Kch trai chu t cho n vao nut li c n dich,
gi chu t trai ri dch chuyn v tr mi
Chen / xoa hang c t

Li vung trong qua trnh hi u chnh cac Grip Point ho c s du ng cac l nh Move, Rotate, Stretch, ...
co th sinh ra hi n t ng tha ho c thi u hang ho c c t so vi ng bao ia hnh. Do o c n chen b
sung ho c xoa bt hang (c t)
1. CHE N HA NG
Hang c chen thm se c chen vao ung hang cha i m chen. (VD ch i m trong hang 3
th se chen 1 hang mi vi tr hang 3, cac hang 3, 4, 5, ... cu se thanh hang 4, 5, 6, ...)
Cac hang sau hang c chen t ng c y dich
theo goc nghing li
Hang c chen thm co chi u cao b ng chi u cao hang m c inh
luc ta o li
Trn
h t thc hin vic chen hang nh sau:
Gi l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Hi u chnh li \ Chen hang
Toolbar :
Command : LCH
Kch phai chu t tn li c n chen hang trn panel chnh cua chng trnh, cho n menu
Cho n li c n chen hang. (N u co duy nh t 1 li trong ban ve th khng c n cho n li, t ng
chuy n sang bc th 2)
Ch i m n m trong vi tr hang c n chen thm.

2. CHE N CT
C t c chen thm se c chen vao ung c t cha i m chen. (VD ch i m trong c t 3 th se
chen 1 hang mi vi tr hang 3, cac c t 3, 4, 5, ... cu se thanh c t 4, 5, 6, ...)
Cac c t sau c t c chen t ng c y dich
theo goc nghing li
C t c chen thm co chi u r ng b ng chi u r ng c t m c inh
luc ta o li.
Trn
h t thc hin vic chen c t nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Hi u chnh li \ Chen c t
Toolbar :
Command : LCC
Kch phai chu t tn li c n chen c t trn panel chnh cua chng trnh, cho n menu
Cho n li c n chen c t. (N u co duy nh t 1 li trong ban ve th khng c n cho n li, t ng
chuy n sang bc th 2)
Ch i m n m trong vi tr c t c n chen thm.

3. XOA HA NG
Hang c xoa se c c ng g p vao hang sau. (VD xoa hang 3 th hang 3 c c ng g p vao
hang 4 cu. Cac hang 4, 5, 6, ... cu se c chuy n thanh 3, 4, 5, ...)
Cac hang sau hang b xoa vn gi nguyn vi tr
Trn
h t thc hin vic xoa hang nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Hi u chnh li \ Xoa hang
Toolbar :
Command : LXH
Kch phai chu t tn li c n xoa hang trn panel chnh cua chng trnh, cho n
menu
Cho n li c n xoa hang. (N u co duy nh t 1 li trong ban ve th khng c n cho n li, t ng
chuy n sang bc th 2)
Ch i m n m trong b t ky thu c hang c n xoa.

4. XOA CT
C t c xoa se c c ng g p vao c t sau. (VD xoa c t 3 th c t 3 c c ng g p vao c t 4 cu.
Cac c t 4, 5, 6, ... cu se c chuy n thanh 3, 4, 5, ...)
Cac c t sau c t b xoa vn gi nguyn vi tr
Trn
h t thc hin vic xoa c t nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Hi u chnh li \ Xoa c t
Toolbar :
Command : LXC
Kch phai chu t tn li c n xoa c t trn panel chnh cua chng trnh, cho n menu
Cho n li c n xoa c t. (N u co duy nh t 1 li trong ban ve th khng c n cho n li, t ng
chuy n sang bc th 2)
Ch i m n m trong b t ky thu c c t c n xoa.
Gan ranh gii ao p

Li vung tnh toan san n n khi c ta o mi cha c xac inh ranh gii bao trong (h ) va
bao ngoai
N u li khng c gan ng bao th chng trnh se hi u la tnh toan trong toan b pha m vi
li
1. GAN NG BAO (BIN NGOA I VU NG TI NH TOAN)
ng bao vung tnh toan i vi mi li la duy nh t, do v y, ch c phep thm ng bao 1
l n.
ng bao phai la i t ng Polyline khep kn va co cao b ng 0.
Trn
h t thc hin vic gan ng bao nh sau:
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c san n n m mc con, sau o ti p tu c kch tri chu t vao
d u c ng li c n gan ng bin m mu c con nh hnh di
 Kch phai chu t mu c , cho n menu
Cho n vao Polyline bao khu vc tnh toan trn ban ve.
Trn Panel chnh cua chng trnh bao co 1 ng bao cho li san n n nh hnh di

2. LOAI NG BAO (BIN NGOA I VU NG TI NH TOAN)

ng bao vung tnh toan i vi mi li la duy nh t, do v y, ch c phep thm ng bao 1
l n.
Do o, khi a thm nh m ng bao, phai loa i ng bao trc khi thm ng bao khac.
Trn
h t thc hin vic loa i ng bao nh sau:
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch trai chu t vao
d u c ng li c n gan ng bin m mu c con nh hnh di

Kch phai chu t mu c , cho n menu

Trn Panel chnh cua chng trnh bao khng co ng bao cho li san n n nh trc luc thm
ng bao

3. GAN H (BIN TRONG VU NG TI NH TOAN)

M t vung tnh toan co th co nhi u vung bo qua khng mu n tnh san l p, do v y, co th thm
nhi u h cho m t li san n n.
H phai la i t ng Polyline khep kn va co cao b ng 0.
Trn
h t thc hin vic thm h nh sau:
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch trai chu t vao
d u c ng li c n gan ng bin m mu c con nh hnh di

Kch phai chu t mu c , cho n menu

Cho n vao cac Polyline gii ha n khu vc bo qua khng tnh toan trn ban ve.
 Trn Panel chnh cua chng trnh bao s l ng h ang co cua li san n n nh hnh di

4. LOAI NG BAO (BIN NGOA I VU NG TI NH TOAN)

Khi a thm nh m m t ho c nhi u h , co th loa i cac h o khoi danh sach vi c tnh toan y
u trong cac vung h a gan sai
Co th loa i cac h do ngi dung cho n trn ban ve ho c loa i toan b cac h a thm
Trn
h t thc hin vic loa i h nh sau:
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch trai chu t vao
d u c ng li c n gan ng bin m mu c con nh hnh di

Kch phai chu t mu c , cho n menu sau o cho n cac Polyline h ang co trn
ban ve loa i ho c cho n menu loa i toan b cac h ang co cua li san n n
Trn Panel chnh cua chng trnh bao s h co n la i cho li san n n

Thi t l p thng s tnh toan san n n

Li san n n co nhi u tuy cho n phng phap tnh toan khac nhau. Trc khi tnh toan kh i l ng
c n thi t l p cac thng s ung theo yu c u th k t qua tra ra mi chu n xac.
Vi mi li san n n c n chu y thi t l p cac thng s sau:
Cho n b m t t nhin va thi t k (*)
Cho n phng phap tnh kh i / khng tnh kh i (*)
C t li ngoai vung
Cac thng s co ky hi u (*) la b t bu c phai thi t l p
Trn
h t thc hin vic thi t l p cac thng s nh sau
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c san n n m mu c con
Click phi chu t vao tn li c n thi t l p tham s trn Panel chnh nh hn
h di chn " Thng
tin li san nn "
Giao din hin nh hinh:
 Cho n MHTN va MHTK trong danh sach cac b m t ia hnh ang co trong ban ve.

Cho n anh d u vao n u tnh theo phng php ni suy trung bnh cc
mt li.
Ch : Mun tnh theo phng php khi th click p chut vo tn li: Giao din chnh hin nh
hnh:

Cho n anh d u vao n u mu n tnh kh i

l ng theo phng phap hnh ho c khng gian 3D.
Sau khi tnh ton xong mun ct li bn ngoi ng bin l
chn: ADS t ng ct li.
Gan cao

Cao nut la c s quan tro ng tnh toan kh i l ng theo phng phap li vung c i n va
cung la c s co th th m inh
ki m tra k t qua tn
h toan kh i l ng san n n trn ban ve in.
Co 2 loa i i t ng cao nut:
o i tng cao nt li
o i tng cao nt bin.
Hai loa i i t ng cao nut ch khac nhau v m t hi n thi, con vai tro gi ng nh nhau trong qua trnh
tnh toan.
Li san n n ch co th tn h toan kh i l ng ao p khi a gan cao
Trn h t thc hin vic gan cao cho li san n n nh sau
Go i l nh theo 1 trong cac cach sau:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Gan cao nut li
Toolbar :
Command : GCD
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao
tn li c n gan cao trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Cho n menu

Tnh ao p li vung
Sau khi a thi t l p cac thng s tnh toan va gan cao cho li vung co th tnh toan kh i
l ng tnh san n n.
Sau khi tnh toan chng trnh t ng tra ra cac k t qua:
Ky hi u kh i l ng ao p cho tng li: Cac i t ng cho ph n ao c gan m c inh

thu c Layer Level_Block_Cut va co mau vang, Cac i t ng cho ph n p c gan m c inh thu c
o Layer Level_Block_Fill va co mau o.
o ng ranh gii cac khu vc ao / p la cac ng Polyline
Kh i san n n ph n ao va p: Cac i t ng nay c gan m c inh
thu c
o Layer Level_Solid_Cut va Level_Solid_Fill. hai Layer nay c m c inh ong bng (Freeze)
Trn h t thc hin vic tnh ao p cho li san n n nh sau
Go i l nh theo 1 trong cac cach sau:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Tnh ao p
Toolbar :
Command : TSN
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao
tn li c n tnh kh i l ng ao p trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Cho n menu
Hi n thi k
t qua tnh toan

1. CAO NUT
Cao nut c ta o ra t ng khi gan cao nut li.
Mi nut li co duy nh t m t i t ng cao nut
Cao nut co 4 thng tin:
Cao t nhin
Cao thi t k
Chnh cao
Ch s hang c t (tn nut)

2. CAO NUT BIN

Cao nut bin c ta o ra t ng khi gan cao nut li.
Mi i m giao cua li va bin l ho c nh cua bin l co duy nh t m t i t ng cao nut
bin.
Cao nut bin co 3 thng tin:
Cao t nhin.
Cao thi t k .
Chnh cao.

3. KY HIU A O P
Ky hi u ao p c sinh ra khi tnh kh i l ng
 Mi ph n ao ho c p trong 1 li co tng ng 1 ky hi u ao p
Ky hi u ao p co 4 thng tin:
Ch s hang c t li (tn )
Chnh cao trung bnh
Di n tch
Th tch
Quy c d u cho chnh cao va th tch la ph n ao mang d u m (-). Ph n p mang d u dng (+) va
khng i n d u.

4. KY HIU A O P LI
i t ng ao p li c dung thay th cho i t ng ao p khi xu t hi n nhi u co ca
cac vung ao va p. Khi o vi c hi n thi ky hi u ao p trn ban ve se tng minh, vi c b tr ban in
se d dang hn.
Mi li se co duy nh t 1 ky hi u ao p li, trn o se c ng g p kh i l ng ao/ p cua
toan b cac ph n ao va p cua ca
Ky hi u ao p co 7 thng tin:
Ch s hang c t li (tn )
Chnh cao trung bnh ao
Di n tch ao
Th tch ao
Chnh cao trung bnh p
Di n tch p
Th tch p
Quy c d u cho chnh cao va th tch la ph n ao mang d u m (-). Ph n p mang d u dng (+) va
khng i n d u.
5. KY HIU A O P HA NG/CT
Ky hi u ao p hang/c t thng c i n ln ban ve ti n cho cng tac ki m tra va c ng g p
kh i l ng
Mi hang/c t se co tng ng 1 ky hi u ao p hang/c t
Ky hi u ao p hang/c t co 4 thng tin:
Di n tch ao
Th tch ao
Di n tch p
Th tch p
Quy c d u cho chnh cao va th tch la ph n ao mang d u m (-). Ph n p mang d u dng (+) va
khng i n d u.

Nut li

Cao nut li co 4 thng tin thanh ph n:

Cao t nhin
Cao thi t k
Chnh cao
Ch s hang c t (tn nut)
 Mi thng tin thanh ph n cho phep cac tuy cho n hi n thi cac thu c tnh ring
B t / t t
Mau (theo AutoCad)
Ki u ch (theo AutoCad)
Ngoai cac tuy cho n ring cho cac thanh ph n, i t ng cao nut li con co thu c tnh chung:
Cao ch
Cach ch
Goc nghing (dung cho cac li xin)
Layer cha i t ng.

Trn
h t thc hin vic cai t hi n thi nu
t li nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 2 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Cai t hi n thi
Command : CDHT
Panel chnh cua chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i, cho n mu c nh hnh di

Nt bin

Cao nut bin co 3 thng tin thanh ph n:

-> Cao t nhin
-> Cao thi t k
-> Chnh cao
Mi thng tin thanh ph n cho phep cac tuy cho n hi n thi cac thu c tnh ring
-> B t / t t
-> Mau (theo AutoCad)
-> Ki u ch (theo AutoCad)
 Ngoai cac tuy cho n ring cho cac thanh ph n, i t ng cao nut li con co thu c tnh chung:
-> Cao ch
> Cach ch
-> Goc nghing (dung cho cac li xin)
-> Goc nghing 2
-> Kch thc
-> Khoang cach i n
-> Layer cha i t ng.
-> Mau i t ng ao/ p

Trn
h t thc hin vic cai t hi n thi nu
t bin nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 2 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Cai t hi n thi
Command : CDHT
Panel chnh cua chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i, cho n mu c nh hnh di
 t la i cac tham s chung va ring
Cho n sau o cho n cac i t ng c n t la i hi n thi
Cho n t la i hi n thi cho toan b cac nut li co trong ban ve
Cho n lu la i cac thng s hi n ta i lam thng s m c inh

Cho n thoat l nh
Chu y: Co th chon vao sau o chon 1 nut bin b t ky l y cac thng s ang co cua nut bin o
ln hp thoai sau o ap cho cac i tng nut khac (gi ng vi l nh Massprop cua AutoCad).
 t la i cac tham s chung va ring
Cho n sau o cho n cac i t ng c n t la i hi n thi
Cho n t la i hi n thi cho toan b cac nut li co trong ban ve
Cho n lu la i cac thng s hi n ta i lam thng s mc nh
Cho n thot
Chu y: Co th chon vao sau o chon 1 nut li b t ky l y cac thng s ang co cua nut li o
ln hp thoai sau o ap cho cac i tng nut khac (gi ng vi l nh Massprop cua AutoCad).
K hiu o p

Cao nut bin co 4 thng tin thanh ph n:

-> Tn
-> Chnh cao
-> Di n tch
 -> Kh i l ng
Mi thng tin thanh ph n cho phep cac tuy cho n hi n thi cac thu c tnh ring
-> B t / t t
-> Mau (theo AutoCad)
-> Ki u ch (theo AutoCad)
Ngoai cac tuy cho n ring cho cac thanh ph n, i t ng cao nut li con co thu c tnh chung:
-> Ki u i n
-> Cao ch
-> Goc nghing (dung cho cac li xin)
-> Kch thc
-> Khoang cach i n
-> Layer cha i t ng.
-> Mau i t ng ao/ p

Ky hi u ao p ki u Tron
 Ky hi u ao p ki u Ch nht
Trn
h t thc hin vic cai t hi n thi ky
hiu ao p nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 2 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Cai t hi n thi
Command : CDHT
Panel chnh cua chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i, cho n mu c nh hnh di
 t la i cac tham s chung va ring
Cho n sau o cho n cac i t ng c n t la i hi n thi
Cho n t la i hi n thi cho toan b cac nut li co trong ban ve
Cho n lu la i cac thng s hi n ta i lam thng s m c inh

Cho n thoat l nh
Chu y: Co th chon vao sau o chon 1 i tng ao p b t ky l y cac thng s ang co cua
i tng o ln hp thoai sau o ap cho cac i tng khac (gi ng vi l nh Massprop cua AutoCad).

K hiu o p li

Cao nut bin co 7 thanh ph n:

 -> Tn
-> Chnh cao ao/ p
-> Di n tch ao/ p
-> Kh i l ng ao/ p
Mi thng tin thanh ph n cho phep cac tuy cho n hi n thi cac thu c tnh ring
-> B t / t t
-> Mau (theo AutoCad)
-> Ki u ch (theo AutoCad)
Ngoai cac tuy cho n ring cho cac thanh ph n, i t ng cao nut li con co thu c tnh chung:
-> Cao ch
-> Goc nghing (dung cho cac li xin)
-> Kch thc
-> Layer cha i t ng.

Trn
h t thc hin vic cai t hi n thi ky
hiu ao p li nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 2 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Cai t hi n thi
Command : CDHT

Panel chnh cua chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i, cho n mu c nh hnh

di
 t la i cac tham s chung va ring

Cho n sau o cho n cac i t ng c n t la i hi n thi

Cho n t la i hi n thi cho toan b cac nut li co trong ban ve
Cho n lu la i cac thng s hi n ta i lam thng s m c inh

Cho n thoat l nh
Chu y: Co th chon vao sau o chon 1 i tng ao p li b t ky l y cac thng s ang co
cua i tng o ln hp thoai sau o ap cho cac i tng khac (gi ng vi l nh Massprop cua
AutoCad).

K hiu o p hng ct
Cao nut bin co 7 thng tin thanh ph n:
 -> Tn
-> Chnh cao ao/ p
-> Di n tch ao/ p
-> Kh i l ng ao/ p
Mi thng tin thanh ph n cho phep cac tuy cho n hi n thi cac thu c tnh ring
-> B t / t t
-> Mau (theo AutoCad)
-> Ki u ch (theo AutoCad)
Ngoai cac tuy cho n ring cho cac thanh ph n, i t ng cao nut li con co thu c tnh chung:
-> Cao ch
-> Goc nghing (dung cho cac li xin)
-> Kch thc
-> Layer cha i t ng.

Trn
h t thc hin vic cai t hi n thi ky
hiu ao p li nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 2 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Cai t hi n thi
Command : CDHT
Panel chnh cua chng trnh xu t hi n h p thoa i, cho n mu c nh hnh di
 t la i cac tham s chung va ring
Cho n sau o cho n cac i t ng c n t la i hi n thi
Cho n t la i hi n thi cho toan b cac nut li co trong ban ve
Cho n lu la i cac thng s hi n ta i lam thng s m c inh

Cho n thoat l nh
Chu y: Co th chon vao sau o chon 1 i tng ao p hang ct b t ky l y cac thng s ang
co cua i tng o ln hp thoai sau o ap cho cac i tng khac (gi ng vi l nh Massprop cua
AutoCad).
Xu t bang kh i l ng

1. XUT BANG KHI LNG HA NG/CT

Trn
h t thc hin vic xu t bang kh i l ng theo hang/c t nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ L p bang t ng h p kh i l ng
Toolbar :
Command : BKLSN
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n xu t bang kh i l ng trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Ch i m chen bang kh i l ng theo hang va theo c t trn ban ve (n u go i l nh theo cach thao
tac trn Panel chnh (cach 4) th khng c n cho n li)
2. XUT BANG KHI LNG LI
Trn
h t thc hin vic xu t bang kh i l ng theo hang/c t nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Xu t bang kh i l ng li sang Excel
Toolbar :
Command : BKLOL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n xu t bang kh i l ng li trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Chng trnh m h p thoa i lu t p, nh p tn cho t p Excel, sau o cho n Save
ADS Road
Bng thng k ta nt li - BTXM
Tng quan
Thc hin:
Menu: ADS_Road \ ng b tng xi mng\ Xut bng ta nt.
Command: BTDNL
Pick ch im trn bn v chn bng.

Tnh toan ao p taluy san n n

Vi c tnh toan kh i l ng taluy la c l p vi ph n trong bin san n n, do v y co th tnh toan

taluy ma khng c n tnh toan ph n trong li
Taluy do c theo ca nh l san n n c chia thanh 2 loa i:
Taluy ca nh (la cac oa n taluy trn ca nh bin ao p). Cac taluy ca nh c t tn vi ti n t "C" (VD
C1, C3, ...)
Taluy goc (la ph n taluy ke p gia 2 oa n taluy ca nh ta i vi tr nh cua bin ao p). Cac taluy goc
c t tn vi ti n t "G" (VD G2, G4, ...)
Trn
h t thc hin vic tnh toan kh i l ng taluy san n n g m cac bc
Chia vung ao p taluy
Thi t k taluy
Tnh ao p taluy
Xu t bang kh i l ng taluy

Chia vung ao p taluy

Trn ng bin san n n c n phn inh

ro oa n nao la taluy ao, oa n nao la taluy p trc khi
thi t k m t c t cho taluy
Vi c phn inh cac oa n taluy ao, p c thc hi n m t cach t ng.
Trn
h t thc hin vic chia vung ao p taluy nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Chia taluy ao p
Command : CTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con
 Kch phai chu t vao tn li c n phn vung taluy ao p trn panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Thi t k taluy

Cac oa n taluy sau khi c chia (g m taluy ca nh va goc) ti p tu c c phn vao 2 nhom Taluy
ao va Taluy p ti n du ng cho vi c khai bao.
Cac mai taluy ao su va p cao c b tr oa n gi t c giam ap lc t chu ng trn mai
d c nh m tng n inh
cho mai d c.
1.
THIT K MAI TALUY A O
Mai taluy ao c thi t k g m cac tham s sau:
H s mai d c n
Chi u cao gi t c Hc
B r ng gi t c Bc
d c gi t c ic
Ma ran
h (xem thm khai bao tng ranh)
Ma ran h c (xem thm khai bao tng ranh)

Khai bao taluy ao

2. THIT K MAI TALUY P
Mai taluy p c thi t k g m cac tham s sau:
H s mai d c n
Chi u cao gi t c Hc
B r ng gi t c Bc
d c gi t c ic
Ma tng (xem thm khai bao tng ch n)
Ma ran h c (xem thm khai bao tng ran h)
Chu y: Trng hp bnh thng cac mai taluy p se t tng ch n. N u ma tng ch n s dung cho
taluy p co ca 3 tham s m, n, B u b ng 0 th mi m mai taluy va co git c.

Khai bao taluy p khng s du ng tng ch n

 Khai bao taluy p co s du ng tng ch n

Trn h t thc hin vic thi t k taluy nh sau:

Go i l nh thi t k taluy b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Thi t k taluy
Command : TKTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n thi t k taluy trn Panel chnh nh hnh di
 Nh p cac kch thc hnh ho c cho m t c t cua tng oa n Taluy ca nh va goc.
Thi t l p cac thng s thng s tnh toan taluy
Kch cho n bi u t ng lu la i toan b cac khai bao

Khai bao ranh

Ran h trn m t c t taluy cua ADS Level c quan ly theo cac ma. trong ADS Level cho phep
khai bao 4 ma ran h khac nhau
Vi mi ma ranh, vi c inh ngha kch thc kh u ranh c quy c b ng vi c nh p cac i m
cua ran
h b ng h to a tng i
Ma ran
h dung chung cho ca ranh cua taluy ao va ranh c cho taluy ao va taluy p
 Ran
h hnh thang 0.4x0.4

Ran
h tam giac 0.8x0.4

Trn h t thc hin vic khai bao ranh nh sau:

Go i l nh thi t k taluy b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Thi t k taluy
Command : TKTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n khai bao ran h trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

 Cho n mu c
Hp thoa i hi n thi khai bao ranh

Cho n vao ma ran

h c n khai bao trong mu c danh sach ran
h se hi n thi chi ti t kc h thc ran
h.
L n l t nh p la i cac kch thc cho ran
h, chng trnh se t ng lu cac kch thc a khai bao

Khai bao tng ch n taluy dng

Tng ch n (go i t t la tng) trn m t c t taluy dng cua ADS Level c quan ly theo cac ma.
trong ADS Level cho phep khai bao 4 ma tng khac nhau
Vi mi ma tng, co 3 tham s i u khi n:
m: h s mai d c trong (VD m=0.5 --> taluy 1:0.5)
n: h s mai d c ngoai (VD n=0.5 --> taluy 1:0.5)
B: B r ng nh tng
 Ma tng ch dung cho khai bao taluy p

Trn h t thc hin vic khai bao tng nh sau:

Go i l nh thi t k taluy b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Thi t k taluy
Command : TKTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n khai bao tng trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Cho n mu c
H p thoa i hi n thi khai bao tng ch n
 Cho n vao ma tng c n khai bao trong mu c danh sach tng se hi n thi chi ti t thng s tng
L n l t nh p la i cac thng s cho tng, chng trnh se t ng lu cac thng s a khai bao

nh v chn taluy

Trong m t s trng h p san n n, chn taluy san n n pha m vao ch gii thi t k . Khi o c n thay
i cos cao thi t k ho c thay i d c mai taluy am bao khng vi pha m ch gii thi t k .
Thng trong trng h p nay se thi t k mai taluy co d c thay i trong cac oa n vi pha m ch gii
(tng d c) va gi nguyn cos cao thi t k .
Chn taluy trong trng h p nay se c c inh
b ng cac ng Polyline gii ha n trn m t b ng.
Trn
h t thc hin vic inh
ngha chn taluy nh sau:
Ve cac ng Polyline d inh
cho n lam chn taluy
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao
 tn li c n inh
ngha chn taluy trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Cho n cac ng Polyline dung lam chn taluy a co trn ban ve
Chu y: Ngoai vi c i nh ngha chn taluy con c n phai t tham s cho taluy thi t k taluy gii han
chn

Thi t l p thng s tnh toan taluy

Taluy san n n co nhi u tuy cho n phng phap tnh toan khac nhau nh a c p trong ph n t ng
quan. Do v y, trc khi tnh toan kh i l ng c n thi t l p cac thng s ung theo yu c u th k t qua
tra ra mi chu n xac.
Tng oa n taluy (ca nh ho c goc) co th c tnh theo cac phng phap c l p vi nhau.
Vi mi oa n taluy c n chu y thi t l p cac thng s sau:
Cho n phng phap tnh kh i (hnh ho c khng gian 3D) ho c phng phap m t c t
Cho n gii ha n chn taluy ( sau khi a inh ngha chn taluy)
Trn
h t thc hin vic thi t l p cac thng s nh sau:
Go i l nh thi t k taluy b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Thi t k taluy
Command : TKTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n thi t k taluy trn Panel chnh nh hnh di
 Thi t l p thng s b ng cach anh d u vao cac

Kch cho n bi u t ng lu la i toan b cac khai bao

Ve m t c t taluy

Khi tnh kh i l ng taluy theo phng phap m t c t, ki m tra kh i l ng c n ve cac m t c t

taluy.
M t c t taluy th hi n khoang cach va cao cua ng t nhin va ng thi t k .
M t c t taluy co cac tham s :
 Ty l ng
Ty l ngang
Cao min

Trn
h t thc hin vic ve m t c t taluy nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 3 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Thi t k taluy
Command : TKTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con
Kch phai chu t vao tn li c n thi t k taluy trn Panel chnh nh hnh di
 Kch phai chu t vao oa n taluy c n ve m t c t, cho n menu
Nh p ty l ng, ty l ngang, cao min
Ch i m chen trn ban ve

Tnh ao p taluy

Sau khi a thi t k taluy co th tn

h toan kh i l ng taluy.
Sau khi tnh toan chng trnh t ng tra ra cac k t qua:
Trn
h t thc hin vic tnh ao p taluy nh sau
Go i l nh theo 1 trong cac cach sau:
Menu : ADS_Level \ Taluy \ Tnh ao p taluy
Toolbar :
Command : TDDTL
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao
tn li c n tnh kh i l ng ao p trn Panel chnh nh hnh di

Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu

Cho n li vung c n tnh ao p (n u go i l nh theo cach thao tac trn Panel chnh (cach 4) th
khng c n cho n li)

Xu t bang kh i l ng taluy
Trnh t thc hin vic xu t bang kh i l ng taluy nh sau:
Go i l nh b ng 1 trong 4 phng thc:
Menu : ADS_Level \ L p bang t ng h p kh i l ng taluy
Toolbar :
Command : BKLSN
Kch trai chu t cac d u c ng mu c San n n m mu c con, sau o ti p tu c kch phai chu t vao tn
li c n xu t bang kh i l ng taluy trn Panel chnh nh hnh di
Trong danh sach menu hi n ra, cho n menu
Ch i m chen bang kh i l ng taluy trn ban ve (n u go i l nh theo cach thao tac trn Panel
chnh (cach 4) th khng c n cho n li)