Lptrnhphaycnc 160426183252

P TRNH PHAY CNC 2015
LP
A0: HNH HC MY
H ta
Trn trc s,, gc phn
ph t v cc trc, im gc ta a chia tng trc thnh
hai phn. i m zero l gc ta phn chia phn n dng v phphn aamcuar
trc ta .. Trong h
h ta phn dng bt u tt im gc hng v
pha bn ph i i vi trc X, hng ln i vi trcc Y v h
hng n im
chiuu vung gc i vi trc Z. Cc chiu ngc l i l m.
H ta tun th th cht ch nguyn tc ca h ta a vung gc (H ta
Descartes)
Hnh hcc my l l quan h qun h cc khong ng cc gigia im c nh trn
my v im m la
l chn trn chi tit.
My CNC d c thit k cc trc ph tng tnh linh ho hot cho CNC. V c
quan h vii trc
tr chnh X, Y v Z.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 1

http://nguyenphanhungcnc.weebly.com
LP
Cc kiu
u my phay
My phay c th
th chia thnh hai loi.
My phay ng:
C trc chnh chuyn ng
ng ln xung.
My phay ngang: C trc
tr chnh chuyn ng
ng v v ra.
My phay ng
3
trc
My phay ng 4
trc
NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 2

LP TRNH PHAY CNC 2015
A2: HNH HC CA CC LOI DAO PHAY

im chun ca dao phay.
D D D
R
im chun ca dao phay
L im giao nhau gia ng tm v mt y ca

dao phay.
c bit ch l gc thot phoi thch hp khi ct vt liu khc nhau. i vi dao

thp gi gc thot phoi tng khi cng ca vt liu gim. Gia cng thp gc
thot phoi thng l 3 5 , nhm 10 12
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 3

Mt s hnh nh ca dao phay.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 4

LP
NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 5

LP
NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 6

LP
NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 7

A: KHAI BO TNG QUT U CHNG TRNH

A1: Cc m lnh trn my phay CNC h iu khin FANUC OiM
Nhm lnh a ch ngha
S hiu chng trnh. O Dt tn chng trnh.
S th t khi lnh. N D dng tm kim mt khi
lnh bt k.
Lnh G G Phng thc di chuyn
Kch thc X, Y, Z Trc chuyn ng tnh tin
chnh
U, V, W Trc chuyn ng tnh tin
ph
A, B, C Trc Quay
I, J, K Khong cch ta tm
cung
R Bn knh cung trn
Tc chy dao F
Tc trc chnh quay S
Chn dao T
Lnh ph M
Lnh gi chng trnh con P
Tham s P, Q Tham s ca chu trnh
A2 : Cu trc ca mt chng trnh CNC

% Khai bo tng qut u chng trnh.
Oxxxx
N5
N10
N25
N30
N.. Cc lnh di chuyn dao, bt u thi gia
N.. gia cng sn phm.
N..
N..
N..
N..
N.. Cc lnh kt thc chng trnh v quay v
N.. u chng trnh.
N..
N..
M30
%
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 1

A3: Cu trc ca dng lnh

Nxx Gxx X Y Z I J K T S F M ;
Nxx : S th t ca dng lnh
Gxx: Lnh chun b
X Y Z I J K : Lnh kch thc hoc v tr dao di chuyn n
T: Lnh gi dao
S: Lnh tc quay trc chnh
F: Bc tin ca dao
M: Lnh ph
Du ( ; ) Lnh kt thc chng trnh
Ch ! Mt dng lnh cn gi l mt Block. Du / c ngha l b qu dng lnh hay

khi Block .
V d 1:
N20 G0 X15. Y20. F200. ;
/N30 G1 X30. Y40. ;
N40 M5 M9 ;
..
Vi v d trn th dng lnh N30 c b qu nu trn bng iu khin ca my nt
single block c bt.
A4: Nhng khai bo u chng trnh CNC

a) Khai bo h ta lp trnh
Dng lnh G90 hoc G91
G90 : Khai bo ta tuyt i, dao di chuyn ti v tr yu cu so vi im
chun.
G91 : Khai bo ta tng i c ngha l v tr hin ti ca dao c xem l
gc ta ca im k tip.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 2

Y G90
Tt cc cc ta X Y ca cc
im P1, P2, P3 u c chung mt
gc ta nh vy ta goi l vit
chng trnh theo gia tr tuyt i.!
P2
P1 P3
YP2
YP3
YP1
XP1
XP1
X
XP3
Y G91
y cc im P1,P2,P3 khng chung
mt gc ta . Dao i t im P1 sng P2
v n P3 th gc ta P1 l O, v gc
ta P2 l im P1 v gc ta P3 l
im P2!
P2
YP3
YP2
P1
P3
YP1
Ni cch khc l v tr
XP1 XP2 XP3 X
hin ti ca dao l gc
ta ca im k tip.!
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 3

b) Khai bo h n v o
G20 : Khai bo n v o h inch
G21 : Khai bo n v o h mt
c) Khai bo n v lng lng chy dao
G94 : mm/pht or in/phut
G95 : mm/vng or in/vng
d) Khai bo n v tc ct
G96 : mm/pht or in/pht
G97 :mm/vng or in/vng
Ch ! nc ta th G94, G21, G97 l mc nh trong my phay CNC

e) Lnh quay trc chnh
M3 / M03 : Quay trc chnh cng chiu kim ng h
M4 / M04 : Quay trc chnh ngc chiu kim ng h
M5 : Tt trc chnh
f) Lnh chn mt phng lp trnh
G17 : Chn mt phng XY
G18 : chn mt phng XZ
G19 : Chn mt phng YZ
g) Lnh chn dao
Txxx M6 : Gi dao s xxx v thay dao. M6 lnh thay dao, Txxx lnh gi dao.
h) Lnh tr v im tham chiu G28, G29, G30
im tham chiu l im c nh trn my a bn my v trc chnh tr
v khi kt thc chng trnh.
Cu trc cc lnh G28, G29, G30 u ging nhau
Cu trc cu lnh : G91 G28 Z0. ;
G28 X0. Y0. ;
ngha : Thot dao theo chiu Z, ri sau thot dao theo trc X v Y
Thng thng lnh G28 ny a bn my v im chun ca my (v tr Zero
ca my vi c 3 trc)
A5 : Lnh kt thc chng trnh

M30 : Kt thc chng trnh chnh v tr v u chng trnh chnh (program)
M99 : Kt thc chng trnh con (Subprograms)
M01: Tm dng chng trnh c iu kin khi nt OSP on.
M00 : Tm dng chng trnh
M9 : Tt dung dch lm ngui
M8 : M dung dch lm ngui
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 4

B : CC LNH DI CHUYN DAO

B1) Lnh nh v nhanh
G0 : Di chuyn vi tc ln nht m my cho php.

Cu trc : G0 X..Y..Z.. ;
+ Trc tin dao di chuyn vi mt gc 45 sau s di chuyn theo trc no
c khong cch no di hn.
+ m bo an ton khi gia cng ta di chuyn theo hai trc X v Y trc v
sau di chuyn theo trc Z. Nh vy ta chia dng lnh trn thnh hai cu
lnh : G0 X..Y.. ;
Z.. ;
B2) Lnh ni suy ng thng G1.
Di chuyn tuyn tnh theo ng thng.

Di chuyn vi tc ct F ch nh.
Cu trc : G1 X..Y..Z..F..;
+ X, Y, Z l ta im n.
B3) Lnh ni suy cung trn G2/G3
G2/G3 : Dng ct vt liu theo cung trn ngc chiu hay cung chiu kim
ng h.
G2 : Cng chiu kim ng h
G3 : Ngc chiu kim ng h
Cu trc : G2/G3 X..Y..Z..I..J..KF;
G2/G3 X..Y.. Z..R.. F..;
+ X, Y, Z : Ta im cui cung
+ I,J,K : Ta tng i ca tm cung so vi im u cung
+R : Bn knh cung trn
Cu trc vit lnh G2/G3 theo hai phng php

G2 IJ
G17 XY F
G3 R
G2 IK
G18 XZ F
G3 R
JK
G2 F
G19 YZ.. R
G3
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 5

Ch : + Lnh chn mt phng gia cng bao hm trong cu lnh G2/G3 nhng thng
thng c b qua v n c xc nh bi kch thc IP.
+ i vi ng xon c cn khai bo ba thnh phn XYZ
Vit chng trnh theo I, J, K ( Ly ta tm cung tr i ta u cung)
I = Xtc Xdc
Y G17
J = Ytc Ydc
Ydc
P2
Ytc
P1 Ch gii : tc - Tm cung
R
dc - u cung
Xdc X
Z
Xtc
P2
Zdc
Ztc
I = Xtc Xdc
G18 P1
R
K = Ztc Zdc
Z Xdc X
Xtc
Zdc
P2
Ztc
J = Ytc Ydc
P1 G19
R
K = Ztc - Zdc
Ydc Y
Ytc
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 6

Vit chng trnh theo R
Vit chng trnh theo R (Bn knh ca cung trn) ta c hai trng hp g < 180
hay g > 180 . ng vi mi trng hp th R c gi tr m hay dng.
g < 180 () th R mang gi tr dng
g > 180 () th R mang gia tr m
Ch : Gc g l gc m cung
R
b
P2
a
g
R
Yp2
P1
Yp1
X
Xp1
Xp2
Trn hnh v bn c 2 cung l cung a v cung b. Vi cung a th gc

m cung < 180 nn R mang du dng . Cung b th gc m cung
> 180 nn R mang gia tr m.
V d : Dao i t P1 n P2 Lp trnh theo R l bn khng xc

nh c ta tm ca cung trn
N15 G90 ;
khng xc nh c I, J, K
.
N35 G2 Xp2 Yp2 R - ( bn knh cung ) ; ( Cung b)
N35 G2 Xp2 Yp2 R ( bn knh cung ) ; (Cung a )
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 7

B4) Thi gian dng cui hnh trnh
Cu trc lnh: G4 P..

P. Thi gian tnh bng phn ngn giy. Khng cho php biu din c du
thp phn.
V d 2: G4 P2500 ; c ngha l my s dng di chuyn theo c 3 trc vi

thi gian l 2,5 giy nhng trc chnh vn quay nu ta m trc chinh.
C : B DAO CT (OFFSET TOOL)

C1) B bn knh dao ct
Bin dng chi tit cn gi l profile thng c ng dng phay bng cch
cho dao ct di chuyn theo chiu Z trc ri sau dch chuyn dao ct theo
trc X hay Y hoc ng thi c hai trc gia cng bin dng hay mt phng.
Qu o dao i vi mi bin dng lun lun tng ng vi chuyn ng dao
ct. Li dao ct lun tip tuyn vi bin dng chi tit iu c ngha l
chuyn ng dao phi to ra qu o sao cho tm dao ct lun lun cng
khong cch tnh t bin dng chi tit.
Qu o tm dao
Bin dng chi tit

Dao ct
hnh pha trn bn vit chng trnh khng dng tnh

nng b bn knh dao. Cn hnh pha di bn vit
chng trnh c s dng tnh nng b bn knh dao th qu
o tm dao s trng vi bin dng chi tit.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 8

B4) Thi gian dng cui hnh trnh
Cu trc lnh: G4 P..

P. Thi gian tnh bng phn ngn giy. Khng cho php biu din c du
thp phn.
V d 2: G4 P2500 ; c ngha l my s dng di chuyn theo c 3 trc vi

thi gian l 2,5 giy nhng trc chnh vn quay nu ta m trc chinh.
C : B DAO CT (OFFSET TOOL)

C1) B bn knh dao ct
Bin dng chi tit cn gi l profile thng c ng dng phay bng cch
cho dao ct di chuyn theo chiu Z trc ri sau dch chuyn dao ct theo
trc X hay Y hoc ng thi c hai trc gia cng bin dng hay mt phng.
Qu o dao i vi mi bin dng lun lun tng ng vi chuyn ng dao
ct. Li dao ct lun tip tuyn vi bin dng chi tit iu c ngha l
chuyn ng dao phi to ra qu o sao cho tm dao ct lun lun cng
khong cch tnh t bin dng chi tit.
Qu o tm dao
Bin dng chi tit

Dao ct
hnh pha trn bn vit chng trnh khng dng tnh

nng b bn knh dao. Cn hnh pha di bn vit
chng trnh c s dng tnh nng b bn knh dao th qu
o tm dao s trng vi bin dng chi tit.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 8

C1.1 Phng php tnh ton bng tay
Nh bn bit hnh hc ca dao phay c hnh tr trn. Trong thc t bn v

k thut bn bit bit kch thc ca chi tit. Khi bn vit chng trnh th bn
vit theo v tr tm ca con dao ct. Nh vy th tm con dao phay cch bin
dng (profile) ca chi tit mt khong cch khng i, khong cch chnh l
bn knh ca dao phay. Vn t ra y l bn phi tim v tr tm dao ct
t bn v kch thc.
Gii php tnh ton qu o tm dao c th bn khng cn tnh ton nu h
iu khin CNC c trang b tnh nng b bn knh dao ct. Tnh nng ny
gip cho bn lp trnh p dng lnh b bn knh dao ct m bn vit chng
trnh bin dng chi tit theo kch thc trong bn v chi tit. Mi tnh ton v tr
tm dao ct c h iu khin thc hin mt cch t ng.
Mun p dng tnh nng ny th ta phi tun theo cc nguyn tc c bn th
tnh nng ny rt d p dng. Nu hiu r v c ch t ng ca h thng th
bn s thc hin cng vic b bn knh dao ct d dng hn v c bit khi c
gp s c bn c th nhanh chng gii quyt c vn ngay.
bn v di bn c tt c l 7 im ( thi im ny bn khng cn quan
tm im bt u v im kt thc) bn v cung cp cho bn mt s thng tin
da vo bn bit c ta ca mt s im.
Cng thc lng gic c bn trong tam gic vung
= , = , = , =

kd: Cnh i
h: Cnh huyn
k: Cnh k
: l gc gia cnh gc vung v cnh huyn
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 9

Y y l bn v chi tit v
khi bn mun phay theo
30
bin dang mu xanh th
P3 P4
a bn cn phi xc nh
P2 c
b ta tt c cc im
0
R2 P5
70
t P1 cho n P7. Nu
55
P6 bn p dng tnh nng
45
P1
b bn knh th bn
20
P7
khng cn phi tim qu
15
80 o tm dao.
X
15
85
100
X0. Y0. Qua bn v bn tnh s b bit c ta

cc im P1, P2, P4, P5, P6, P7, cn mi
Gc ta chng im P3 bn phi p dng cng thc lng
trnh hay cn gi gc gic c bn.!
ta phi
= = 17.321
tan 30
Cung bo gia P6 v P7 c bn kinh R = 5.
im Ta X Ta Y
P1 15. 15.
P2 15. 45.
P3 32.321 55.
P4 65. 55.
P5 85. 35.
P6 85. 20.
P7 80. 15.
Bng 1
+ Cc ta trn c xch inh theo G90 l theo gc ta tuyt

i.( Cn xc nh theo G91 theo gia tr tng i vi v tr hin ti ca
dao phay nm ngay gc ta X0. Y0. i t gc ta n im P1 -
> P2-> P3-> P4-> P5->P6->P7->P1-> tm gc ta cc bn t lm)
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 10

Y - bn v ny l cch
xc nh qu o
cc tm dao ct khi bn
30
P3 P4
P2
bit chnh xc bn knh
P5 dao ct.
0
R2
70
- Bin dang mu xanh

a
55
P6
nt t chnh l qu
45
o tm dao ct v qu
20
P1 P7
o ny cch bin dng
15
80
X chi tit mt khong cch
15
85
100 khng i, khong cch
chnh l bn knh
X0. Y0.
dao ct. y cn gi l
qu o b bn knh
a dao ct.
30
- Vn by gi l bn
phi tm ta qu o
b bn knh dao ct
ny. d cho vic tnh
a
ton vi v d hnh bn
ta dng dao phay c
ng knh l 10mm.
- Qua bn v bn d
dng xc nh c ta
im P1l:
xc nh c ta im P2 bn phi tnh 1 = 15. 5. = 10.

c khong cch a. Da vo hnh trn bn tnh
1 = 15. 5. = 10.
c khong cch a.
Tng t ta xc nh
(90 ) (90 30)
= . tan = 5. tan = 2.887 cc im P6 v P7.
2 2
2 = 45. + = 45. +2.887 = 47.887

2 = 15. = 15. 5. = 10.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 11

Cc im cn li bn p dng cc cng thc lin quan n tam gic vung
tm ra ta X, Y. Tt c cc ta ny tnh theo G90 (ta tuyt i)
im Ta X Ta Y
P1 10. 10.
P2 10. 47.887
P3 30.981 60.
P4 70.858 60.
P5 90. 40.858
P6 80. 20.
P7 80. 10.
Bng 2
Cu hi t ra lc ny l cc gi tr nu ra bng 1 v bng 2 c ng dng

nh th no? Chng c hu ch khng? C th s dng chng trong chng
trnh khng? V s dng nh th no? Lc no th p dng c cc gi tr
bng 1, p dng cc gi tr bng 2 nh th no?.
Kt lun: i vi nhng b iu khin (NC hoc CNC) c hon ton khng c
tnh nng b bn knh dao ct th bn phi p dng cc gi tr bng 2. Qu
o dao c xc lp phng php tnh ton tm ta tm dao khi bn
bit c bn knh ca dao ct. Phng php lp trnh ny rt tn thi gian v
kh nng sai st vit chng trnh v tnh linh hot khng cao. Khi bn knh
dao lp trnh khc vi bn knh dao thc t th ton b chng trnh phi tnh
ton li dn ti nng xut thp. Vi s pht trin cng ngh iu khin s
ngy nay h iu khiu CNC c b sung tnh nng b bn knh dao cho h
thng iu khin. Vi h iu khin c tnh nng ny th bn p dng gi tr
bng 1. p dng gi tr bng 1 th bn vit chng trnh NC khng cn quan
tm ti bn knh dao thc t m ch gi lp bn knh dao o. Trong khi gia
cng th bn offset bn knh dao theo bn knh dao thc t. khi p dng tnh
nng ny cho php n gin ha vic tnh ton trong qu trnh vit chng
trnh NC v d hiu chnh trong qu trnh gia cng sn phm.
Bn vit chng trnh vi bn knh dao o, dao o y l bn hiu
ngm l vi bn v v chng trnh th dao thc t khng c
php ln hn dao o. V d 3 : Vi bn v trn thi ta c bn knh trong
R20 mm th dao o cho php y c bn kinh nh hn 20 mm. Nh
vy bn knh dao thc t lun nh hn bn knh dao o.
Cn bn knh R5. Trn bn v khng nh hng n qu trnh b bn
knh dao ct v y l bn knh ngoi.
C1.2 Cc kiu b bn knh dao
Ngy nay cng ngh CNC pht trin mnh m, phng php b bn knh dao ct
cng pht trin theo. C ba kiu b bn knh dao ct l Kiu A, Kiu B, Kiu C.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 12

B Kiu A: kiu c nht. s dng cc vector c bit trong chng trnh thit
lp chiu ct gt (G39, G40,G41,G42)
B ku B: Kiu ny cng c ch s dung G40,G1,G42 trong chng trnh khng
c c tnh d on trc. B kiu ny c th xy ra hin tng ct gt qu mc.
B kiu C: kiu ny hin i nht v ch s dung G40, G41, G42 trong chng
trnh, b kiu ny c tnh d on trc v trnh c s ct gt qu mc.
C1.3 nh ngha v ng dng
B bn knh dao l tnh nng ca h iu khin cho php lp trnh bin dng theo
yu cu ca bn v m khng cn bit chnh xc ng knh (bn knh) dao ct.
Tnh nng ny tnh ton qu o tm dao khi bn khai bo bn knh c lu
trong h thng iu khin.
Tnh nng ny cho php ngi vn hnh my iu chnh kch c dao trong h
thng iu khin.
C1.4 K thut lp trnh
vit chng trnh s dng ch b bn knh bn cn bit ba nhm d liu

sau.
- Cc im bin dng bn v.
- Chiu di chuyn ca chuyn ng ct.
- Bn knh dao c lu trong h iu khin.
Chiu di chuyn ct :
- Trong lp trnh CNC lun lun xem dng c ct di chuyn xung quanh chi tit,
khng xt bt c chuyn ng khc.
- B bn knh dao bn dng thut ng: B dao bn tri hay b dao bn phi.
Qu o b bn knh dao ct c nh v theo bn trai hay bn phai bin
dng tnh ti khi quan st theo chiu qu o dao ct
- hnh a v b bn cha
bit c bn trai hay phi
v khng c chiu di
a b chuyn ca dao ct. Hnh c
v d b dao bn tri, hnh e
v f b dao bn phi.
d
- hnh phi bn trai l
c
chuyn ng dao ngoi v
hnh bn phi l chuyn
ng dao trong.
e f
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 13

Cc lnh b bn knh dao.
- lp trnh ch ct (chiu ct ) c hai lnh chun b cho php chn chiu
dao ct.
- G41: B bn knh dao bn tri theo chiu bin dng.
- G42: B bn knh dao bn phi theo chiu bin dng.
- G40: Xa ch b bn knh dao ct.
G41 G42
G42 G42
G41
G40 G40
G41 p dng cho ch phay thun khi bn dng vi M3 (Quay trc chnh cng
chiu kim ng h) dng dao tay phi.
G42 p dng cho ch phay thun khi bn dng vi M4(Quay trc chnh ngc
chiu kim ng h) dng dao tay trai.
Li ch b bn knh dao l cho bn lp trnh qu o dao ct ta nh bin dng
chi tit. Khi bn thay i bn kinh dao ct th my t ng thay i qu o
chuyn ng dao ct t bin dng lp trnh.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 14

Qu o tm dao ca ng
knh trung bnh
Qu o tm dao
ca ng knh
ln nht
Qu o tm dao
ca ng knh nh
nht
trn hnh bn lp trnh ch theo bin
dang chi tit nhng khi s dng tnh
nng b bn knh dao th qu o tm
dao c s khc bit, ng vi mi gi
tr b bn knh th cho bn qu o
tm dao khc nhau.!
Cu hi t ra l bn knh dao ct thc khng c lp trong chng trnh

th n c lp u. Cu tr li cho cu hi trn l rt n gin, bn knh
dao thc c xc lp trong h thng iu khin c tn l b dao (offset
tool). Ci t b bn knh dao ct l nhim v ca ngi vn hnh CNC.
Nhng ngi vn hnh my setup theo gi tr bn knh m ngi lp trnh
yu cu.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 15

C1.5 nh dng lp trnh
Thng tin cung cp cho lnh b bn kinh dao ct trong chng trnh NC l lnh
G41 v G42 lun kt hp vi a ch D thng p dng chuyn ng n trc
(c th chuyn ng a trc nu lp trnh cn thn)
Cu trc cu lnh:
G41 DG0(G1) X (F) ;

G41 DG0(G1) Y (F) ;
G42 DG0(G1) X (F) ; Chuyn ng n trc
G42 DG0(G1) Y (F) ;
G41 DG0(G1) XY (F) ; Chuyn ng a trc
G42 DG0(G1) XY (F) ;
Vi ba kiu b dao th m v tr setup b bn kinh dao khc nhau. V b iu

khin kiu A v B l b chung c ngha l ch vi mt b ng k cc gi tr
chiu di dao c lu chung vi bn knh dao. B chiu di dao c khai bo
vi a ch H (a ch H c khai bo vi G43(G44)). Vi mt lu rng mt s
chng trnh bn khng cn phai dng b bn knh dao nhng vi mi dng c
ct u yu cu b chiu di.
Offset No. (s th t) offset

01 (H) -253.45 Kiu nh
02(D) 10. A
03 0.000
04 0.000
Offset No.(s th t) Geometry (hnh hc) Wear (mn dao)

01(H) -125.53 -0.01
02(D) 10. 0.000 Kiu nh
03 0.000 0.000 B
04 0.000 0.000
Nhn vo hai bng setup offset tool trn bn setup nhng th no khi mt con dao
dng c hai a ch D v H mang hai gi tr khc nhau. Rt n gin khi chng
trnh bn lp a ch D v H khc nhau th my thi hnh ng theo yu cu ca
bn.
V d 4: Bn dng con dao T1 a ch H1 (1,2,.. s th t trong bng offset tool)
th a ch D2 hoc D3, D4 vi nguyn tc l v tr cha dng cho a ch
no. kiu A khng c wear (b mn dao) bn nhp vo v tr offset. Kiu B bn
nhp v v tr Geometry (hnh hc), wear (b mn dao ct).
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 16

B kiu C s c a ch D v H ring bit do cng mt v tr b m ta dng c
hai. V d 5: dao T1 ta dung b chiu di dao H1 v b bn knh dao D1.
Offset No. H - offset D - offset
Geometry Wear Geometry Wear

01 -125.357 0.000 5. -0.01
02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
B hnh hc (Geometry) v b mn dao (wear) khc nhau nh th no?. V bn

cht th hai hnh thc ny khng khc nhau, kiu nh A khng c mc ghi b
mn dao (wear) nhng ngi vn hnh my vn iu chnh khi dao mn. kiu
B v C bn knh danh ngha ca dao bn nhp v ct Geometry cn phn iu
chnh mn dao th bn nhp vo ct wear. V d 6: bng kiu B v C bn tinh
chnh -0.01mm nhng bn knh danh ngha khng thay i. cn kiu A bn phi
thay i bn knh dao danh ngha, bn knh dao R10mm mun iu chnh
-0.01mm th gi tr cn nhp l 9.99 (thay i gi tr b bn knh dao)
C1.6 C ch p dng b bn knh dao.
Cho n hin ti bn bit mi d liu p dng b bn knh dao trong

chng trnh NC nhng bn cha hiu c bn cht n l nh th no?. C
ch p dng th no? C ba yu t chnh p dng thnh cng tnh nng ny.
1. im bt u ch b dao.
2. im kt thc ch b dao.
3. Bn knh b dao.
C1.6.1 im bt u ch b dao.
S khi ng ch b bn knh dao ch s dng

G41(G42) X.(Y)D trong chng trnh. (khi ng n trc hay
a trc ty bn lp trnh)
im bt u ch b bn knh dao lun lun v tr cc xa bin
dng chi tit v lun lun p dng ch b bn knh dao cng vi
chuyn ng dao.
Khi chn v tr bt u ch b bn knh dao bn cn tun th v gii
quyt vn sau.
a) Bn knh dao ct ln nht bao nhiu. ( khi bn lp trnh th bn phi
chn c bn knh dao o, v tr bt u b bn knh dao th da
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 17

vo bn kinh dao o, bn knh dao thc t phi nh hn hoc bng
bn knh dao o)
b) Khong cch t v tr bt u n im u tin ca ch b tr
bn knh dao bao nhiu l hp l nht?. Nh bn bit mi dao
phay u c hnh tr trn v mt na ng knh l bn knh dao.
Vi cc dao mi th chnh xc cao v trong qu trnh lm vic th
c s mn dao. Nh gii thiu trn mc C1.5 a ch D c
thit lp b bn knh dao v mn dao. Khong cch hp l nht
lun ln hn bn knh dao o iu cng c ngha l ln hn bn
knh dao thc t.
Bin dng chi

Y
tit
ng knh dao o
(bn knh dao o)
X
ng knh dao
thc (bn knh dao
im u tin ca
ch b bn
V tr bt u L knh.
L l khong cch t v tr bt u n im
u tin trong ch khai bo b bn knh
L > Gi tr offets b bn knh dao
V d 7:
G90
.............
N15 G41 D1 G1 X15. F1500. ;
..
Gii thch: Dao ang v tr bt u v n

dng lnh N15 dao di chuyn v v tr X15. V
b dao bn tri.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 18

Cc chuyn ng vo dao c th p dng cho ch b bn knh dao.
a
Y Y b
X
V tr bt
X
V tr bt u
u
V tr bt
c X
u
Trng hp a v b l cch khi ng n trc, trng

hp c l khi ng a trc.V k thut th c ba khi
ng hay tip cn trn u ng nhng thch hp
nht l trng hp a. Khi bn vit th bn nn vit
theo trng hp a.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 19

C1.6.2 im kt thc ch b dao
im k thc ch b l im m chng trnh hon tt qu

trnh gia cng, im kt thc ny cng l im m bn dng ln xa
tnh nng b bn knh dao. xa tnh nng ny th bn phi di
chuyn dao hng ra ngoi bin dng chi tit (bng chiu dai L) hoc
ln hn nhng t nht phi bng bn knh dao o (hoc bn knh dao
thc)
V tr an ton nht hy tnh nng b bn knh dao (im kt thc ch
b dao) l cch xa bin dng mi hon tt, v tr bt u cng c
th l im kt thc tnh nang b bn knh dao.
V d: im bt u Bin dng ngoi chi tit

cng chnh l im Y
kt thc tnh nng b
bn khnh dao. im
P3
bt u c ta P2
P4
Ta cc
X-25. Y-25. P5 im ly
P1
P6
bng 1
G40
P7
25
G41
X
25
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 20

Vi d 8! Chng trnh phay bin dng chi tit c s dng tnh nng b dao.
%
O1088;
N5 G91 G28 Z0.;
N10 G28 X0. Y0.;
N15 T1 M6;
N20 G17 G49 G40 G80;
N25 G90 G54 G0 X-25. Y-25.;
N30G43 H1 Z50.
N35 M3 S500;
N40 Z-1.;
N50 G91 G41 D1 G1 X40. F1200.;
N55 Y70.;
N60 X17.321 Y10.;
N65 X32.679;
N70 G3 X20. Y-20. I20.;
N75 G1 Y-15.;
N80 G2 X-5. Y-5. I-5.;
N85 G1 X-105.;
N90 G40 Y-40.;
N95 G90 G0 Z50.
N100 M5 M9;
N105 G91 G28 Z0.;
N110 G28 X0. Y0.;
N115 M30;
%
Bng offset tool
Offset H - offset D - offset

No.
01 -175.35 0.000 15. 0.000
02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 21

C1.6.3 Bn knh b dao
Khi bn vn hnh my th bn s bit bn dng dao no v bit c

gi tr thc ca dao bn ang dng. chnh l dao thc, bn knh b dao
chnh l bn knh dao thc .
Khi bn l ngi lp trnh th bn phi bit bn knh b dao c nh
hng ti tnh nng b bn kinh dao khng?
Bn knh b dao c lu trong offset tool Geometry (D) i vo vng
c bn knh nh hn n th h iu khin s bo li.
Ch : Khi bn gia cng bin dng ngoi hay phay hc th nn ch
bn knh gc trong ca chi tit. Bn knh dao ct ( bn knh b dao ) khng
c ln hn bn knh gc trong ca chi tit. (khi phay hc th bn knh dao
ct nh hn hoc bng bn knh gc trong)
V d 9 : Khi bn gia cng bin dang ngoi chi tit Bi tp 28 th bn
s gp phi bn knh gc trong ca chi tit l R20mm th bn ch dng
nhng dao c ng knh nh hn 40mm tc l R < 20mm.
C1) B chiu di dao ct
T1
Maching Z0
T3
H1
T2
H3
H2
Work Z0
P
BM
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 22

Khi bn lp trnh hay vn hnh vi my phay CNC ng, my phay CNC u
ngang hay trung tm gia cng CNC thi bn lm vic vi nhiu dao ct khc nhau.
Cu hi t ra lm th no my phn bit c chiu di cc dao bn lp trnh
v chy ng vi gc ta chng trnh (phn ny bn ch n trc Z cn
trc X v Y chng ta s tm hiu phn sau) c ngha l tt c cc dao ct u
nhn bit c chnh xc v tr Z0 {Z0 gc ta phi (works part zero point) hay
goi l gc ta gia cng}
Nhn trn hnh bn s thy khong cch chiu di dao T1, T2, v T3 khi gn vo
u dao (u BT40, BT50) c chiu di khc nhau.
Do s khc nhau nh vy nh sn xut h iu khin my CNC cho ra mt khi
nim B chiu di dao ct cho php bn lp trnh hay vn hnh s dng s lng
dao theo quy trnh cng ngh m khng cn quan tm ti chiu di chnh xc ca
tng con dao.
nh ngha: B chiu di dao ct l quy trnh b tt c chiu di dao ct ang
dng c cng mt khong cch khng i, khong cch o t v tr vch chun v
ti nh ca mi con dao.
Nh vy gi tr b chiu di dao c xc lp nh th no? V xc lp u?
Lnh b chiu di dao.
Cu trc: G43 H1 Z hoc G44 H1 Z
G43 B chiu di dao dng
G44 B chiu di dao m
G49 Hy lnh b chiu dai dao
H Chn s b chiu di dao
Z V tr ch n ca dao di chuyn theo trc Z
Khi bn lp trnh bn ch vic dng lnh G43 H1 hoc G44 H1 vi chng
trnh nhiu dao th bn dng H2, H3, H4..vv. Nh vy gi tr b chiu di
dao c xc lp u? Cu tr li cho bn l gi tr c ngi vn
hnh xc lp vo my CNC v nhp vo v tr H offset ct
Geometry(b chiu di dao) Wear (b mn dao)
Offset H - offset D - offset

No.
01 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
02 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
03 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 23

G43 Hxx
G43 Hxx Zxx
Maching Z0
H2
T3
H3
T2
H1
T1
Work Z0
P
BM
G44
G44 Hxx
Hxx Zxx
Maching Z0
H2
T3 H3
T2
H1
T1
Work Z0
P
BM
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 24

Ch : Nu bn dng G43 th gi tr nhp v v tr H1, H2 .vv mang du m.
Cn bn dng G44 th gi tr nhp vo v tr H mang du dng. Bn nhn hai hnh
pha trn th s phn bit s khc nhau gia G44 v G43. Trn thc t hay dng
G43 thun tin hn G44 nn khi bn lp trnh th nn dng G43.
D: LNH NG K GC TA LP TRNH
D.1 Lnh ng k gc ta .
Mc ch lnh ng k dng lm chun gia cng chi tit hay cn gi l lm
chun gc ta lp trnh. Lnh ny c thit lp bi ngi vn hnh my.
Khi lp trnh bn cn ch ra m gc ng k ta v v tr gc ta X, Y nm
u trn bn v chi tit cho ngi vn hnh bit v tr gc ta chng trnh
thit lp v tr vo my CNC.
Lnh ci t gc ta lp trnh gm cc m lnh sau. G54, G55, G56, G57, G58
v G59.
i vi my i mi th c cc m lnh trn ng k, nhng vi my i c th
dng G92 thit lp gc ta lp trnh v khng dng c G54, G59.
nh dng ng k lnh G92 khc so vi cc lnh G54, G55, G56, G57, G58 v
G59.
Cu trc G92:
G92 XYZ
G92 XY
Trong X, Y, Z l ta hin ti ca dao ct ly gc ta
lp trnh lm im chun.
Ch : Khi bn dng G92 thit lp ba trc ta th khng
dng G43(G44). Cn nu bn thit ly trc X v Y th
dng G43(G44) thit lp b chiu di dao ct.!
Thit lp G54, G55,.G59 th ly gc ta my lm im chun.
D.2 Lnh dch chnh v thit lp gc ta mi.
Dch chnh h ta lp trnh.
Cu trc:
G52 X Y ;
Trong X, Y khong cch dch chnh thit lp h ta mi.
G53 Hy lnh G52. Tr v gc ta c.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 25

Ch : Nu bn dng G43 th gi tr nhp v v tr H1, H2 .vv mang du m.
Cn bn dng G44 th gi tr nhp vo v tr H mang du dng. Bn nhn hai hnh
pha trn th s phn bit s khc nhau gia G44 v G43. Trn thc t hay dng
G43 thun tin hn G44 nn khi bn lp trnh th nn dng G43.
D: LNH NG K GC TA LP TRNH
D.1 Lnh ng k gc ta .
Mc ch lnh ng k dng lm chun gia cng chi tit hay cn gi l lm
chun gc ta lp trnh. Lnh ny c thit lp bi ngi vn hnh my.
Khi lp trnh bn cn ch ra m gc ng k ta v v tr gc ta X, Y nm
u trn bn v chi tit cho ngi vn hnh bit v tr gc ta chng trnh
thit lp v tr vo my CNC.
Lnh ci t gc ta lp trnh gm cc m lnh sau. G54, G55, G56, G57, G58
v G59.
i vi my i mi th c cc m lnh trn ng k, nhng vi my i c th
dng G92 thit lp gc ta lp trnh v khng dng c G54, G59.
nh dng ng k lnh G92 khc so vi cc lnh G54, G55, G56, G57, G58 v
G59.
Cu trc G92:
G92 XYZ
G92 XY
Trong X, Y, Z l ta hin ti ca dao ct ly gc ta
lp trnh lm im chun.
Ch : Khi bn dng G92 thit lp ba trc ta th khng
dng G43(G44). Cn nu bn thit ly trc X v Y th
dng G43(G44) thit lp b chiu di dao ct.!
Thit lp G54, G55,.G59 th ly gc ta my lm im chun.
D.2 Lnh dch chnh v thit lp gc ta mi.
Dch chnh h ta lp trnh.
Cu trc:
G52 X Y ;
Trong X, Y khong cch dch chnh thit lp h ta mi.
G53 Hy lnh G52. Tr v gc ta c.
NGUYN PHAN HNG_0968 466 997 25

http://hungculit.weebly.com
Thit lp gc ta chng trnh mi.
Cu trc:
G10 P(1,6) X..Y ; hoc G54(G55G59) G10 XY ;
P(1,.6) l s hiu h ta lm vic P1 => G54, P2 => G55.
G11 Hy G10
Y
G54X
Home maching
G54Y
P
Work part zero

point X0.Y0. X
BM

Y
G92X
Home maching
G92Y
Tool center point
Work part zero

point X0.Y0. X
BM
Home maching
G92Z
Work part zero

point Z0.
BM

Mn hnh ci t gc ta chng trnh (gc ta phi) s

dng G54, G59.
Mn hnh offset tool G43/G44

E: CHU K C NH
Gia cng l l nguyn cng thng dng nht c thc hin trn mu phay CNC
hay trung tm CNC. Gia cng l chim mt phn quan trng trong quy trnh cng
ngh.
Khi gia cng l bn s ngh n cc nguyn cng nh khoan tm, ri s dng cc
m khoan tiu chun hay l doa l
V d: chng hn bn mun gia cng mt l vi ng knh 100 0.02 th bn
thit k quy trnh cng ngh cho nguyn cng l. Th bn s khoan tm, sau
bn khoan mi vi mi khoan 20, 30, 50 bn cng c th dng dao phay
ngn phay th l 100 0.02 v cui cng bn phi dng dao doa l.
Trong a s cc ng dng lp trnh, gia cng l c nhiu c tnh tng t nhau
v l hu nh mi h iu khin CNC u a cc phng php lp trnh gia
cng l v h thng iu khin, cc phng php ny g l chu k c nh.
H iu khin Fanuc cung cp cho bn nhng chu trnh gia cng l sau:
G80 : Thot cc chu trnh khoan, doa, tar.
G81 : Chu trnh khoa.
G82 : Chu trnh khoan im.
G83 : Chu trnh khoan l su.
G84 : Chu trnh tar rn phi.
G74 : Chu trnh tar rn tri.
G85 : Chu k doa tinh.
G86 : Chu k doa th.
G87 : Ch k dao ngc.
G88 : Chu k dao l bng tay.
G89 : Chu k dao dng cui hnh trnh.
G76 : Chu k doa chnh xc.
E1: ng chy dao tng qut.
Tng t mi quy trnh gia cng gia cng l cng s dng ch lp trnh G90
hay G91 lp trnh. S la chn ny tc ng n v tr tm l XY, mc R v
chiu su l.
Chn mc bn u
C hai lnh chun b iu khin dao thot v theo trc Z khi chu k hon tt.
G98 iu khin dao v v tr ban u

gn a ch Z.
G99 iu khi dao tr v cao an
ton gn a ch R.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 29

LP
Cc m lnh nh G98, G99 dng cho cc chu k c nh nh ch
chc nng l trnh cc
chng ngii trong qu trnh gia cng nhiu l.
Mc ban u u l gi tr
tr ta ca Z cui cng tr c khi gi chu k.
m bo o an ton bnb hy chn mc Z v tr cch m mt Z0 mt an ton
bo m m khng vng
v vo g. vv.
Mc R (Cao an ton)
v tr ny dao bt u ct vt liu v di chuyn n theo tr
trc Z iu c
ngha
a block chu kk i hi phi c hai v tr lin quan n trc Z. mt l im
bt u tii dao bt
b u chu k v di chuyn n theo b
bc tin F, th hai l
im cuii c ngha
ngh l chiu su l.
Cu trc chu k gia cng l.l
- Khi bn gi
tn chu k th
dao s di
Ta tm chuyn nhanh
l XY n v tr tm l
XY (1) ri sau
di chuyn
Mc ban nhanh n R
u (2).Tip theo di
chuyn n
1
chiu su Z vi
bc tin F.
G98
- Dao thot
nhanh ln v tr
2 R R(G99) hoc
Work part zero
point Z0. 3 mc ban u
(G98)
G99
Chiu su P
BM
NGUYN N VN HNG_0968 466 997 30

Ch : M3(M4) phi khi ng trc khi gi chu k gia cng, khng c c G0,
G1, G2, G3 trong cc chu k gia cng l. G80 thot chu k gia cng l khi hon tt
chu k gia cng.
E2: Chu k G81
Dng khoan tm v khoan nhng l nng.

G99 (G98) G81 XYZRFL ;
X, Y Ta tm l.
Z Chiu su y l.
R Cao an ton.
F Bc tin dao.
L s ln lp li ta tm XY v chiu su Z.
E3: Chu k G82
Dng khoan hoc doa.

G99 (G98) G82 XYZRPFL ;
X, Y Ta tm l.
Z Chiu su y l.
R Cao an ton.
F Bc tin dao.
P Thi gian xoy ti l.
E4: Chu k G83
Dng khoan l su bi nhiu bc n dao v thot dao xe k thot phoi.

G99 (G98) G83 XYZRQFL ;
X, Y Ta tm l.
Z Chiu su y l.
R Cao an ton.
F Bc tin dao.
QChiu su mi ln khoan.
Cc bc chy dao :
Chy dao nhanh n ta tm l.
Tin dao nhanh xung cao R. (tin dao theo trc Z)
Tin dao xung chiu su q vi tc bng bc tin F.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 31
Thot dao nhanh v cao R.
Tin dao nhanh n chiu su ct trc .
Tin dao xung chiu su q.
Qu trnh c lp li cho n khi t c chiu su y l m bn
lp trnh.
Thot dao v cao R nu bn dng G99 hoc v mc ban u nu bn
dng G98.
Tin dao nhanh
Tin dao theo F

G98
Work part zero

point Z0.
R G99
q
P
q
q
BM
E5: Chu k G84
Dng G84 tar rn phi, trc khi gi chu k G84 th M3 phi c hiu lc.
G99(G98) G84 XYZRF ;
Bc Chu k G84
1 Di chuyn nhanh n v tr tm l XY
2 Di chuyn nhanh xung cao R
3 Chuyn ng ct gt n chiu su Z vi bc tin F = S*P(bc ren)
4 Dng quay trc chnh
5 Trc chnh quay ngc (M4) v ct gt v n mc R
6 Dng trc chnh
7 Trc chnh quay bnh thng (M3)
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 32

E6: Chu k G74
Dng G74 tar ren tri, trc khi gi chu k G74 th M4 phi c hiu lc.
G99(G98) G74 XYZR.F ;
Bc Chu k G84
1 Di chuyn nhanh n v tr tm l XY
2 Di chuyn nhanh xung cao R
3 Chuyn ng ct gt n chiu su Z vi bc tin F = S*P(bc ren)
4 Dng quay trc chnh
5 Trc chnh quay ngc (M3) v ct gt v n mc R
6 Dng trc chnh
7 Trc chnh quay bnh thng (M4)
E7: Chu k G73
G73 thit k khoan l su, cng ging nh G83 gm cc bc n dao v thot

dao xen k thot phoi, nhng G83 thot dao v cao R cn G73 ch thot
dao ln mt khong d c nh bi thm s trong chu k. Chu k G73 tit kim
thi gian gia cng. Khong d ny do my t ng tnh.
G99 (G98) G73 XYZRQFL.. ;
Tin dao
nhanh
Tin dao
theo F
G98
Work part zero

point Z0.
G99
d
q
d
q
P
d
q
q
BM
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 33

E8: Chu k G85
Bn dng chu k ny doa tinh l nu bn v yu cu v chnh xc. Dao di

chuyn theo hai chiu ngha l tin dao xung v rt dao ln u tin theo bc
tin F. Nhng bn s dng chu trnh ny th bng khng c cao v do c
ch li dao. Thc t th bn dng chu k ny doa tinh l cng tt vi iu kin
dao doa hay dao mc l ca bn t yu cu v tc vng quay v bc tin
dao. ( Thc t ngi ta hay dng chu k ny doa l)
G99(G98) G85 XYZRFL ;
Bc Chu k G85
1 Tin dao nhanh v v tr tm l XY
2 Tin dao nhanh v cao R
3 Tin dao theo bc tin F n chiu su
4 Tin ct gt li v cao R theo bc tin F
5 Li nhanh v mc ban u (G98) hay cao R (G99)
E9: Chu k G86
Dng doa th cc l, ging nh chu trnh G81 nhng khc G81 l khi doa t
n chiu su l th trc chnh ngng quay. Thot dao ln cao R (G99) hoc
v mc ban u (G98). t dng chu k ny.!
G99 (G98) G86 XYZRFL.. ;
Bc Chu k G86
1 Tin dao nhanh v v tr tm l XY
2 Tin dao nhanh v cao R
3 Tin dao theo bc tin F n chiu su
4 Dng trc chnh v thot dao v cao R hay mc ban u
E10: Chu k G89
Chu k G89 c cc bc tin dao ging nh G85 nhng c thm bc xoy ti

y l vi tham s P.
G99(G98) G89 XY.ZRPFL ;

P l tham s ch thi gian. V d: P2500 c ngha l 2,5 giy.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 34

E11: Chu k G87
Chu k G87 l chu k doa ngc. Trn thc t t dng chu k ny.
G98 G87 XYZRQFL;
XY V tr tm l
Z Chiu su l
R Cao tham chiu
Q Khong dch chuyn lch tm l
F Bc tin dao
L S ln lp li
Cc bc thc hin chu k G87
Bc Chu k G87
1 Chuyn ng nhanh n v tr tm l XY
2 Dng quay trc chnh
3 nh hng trc chnh
4 Dch chuyn ra theo ga tr Q
5 Chuyn ng nhanh ti mc R
6 Dch chuyn vo theo gi tr Q
7 Trc chnh quay
8 Chuyn ng ct n gi tr Z
9 Trc chnh dng quay
10 nh hng trc chnh
11 Dch chuyn ra theo gi tr Q
12 Li dao nhanh v mc ban u
13 Dch chuyn vo theo gi tr Q
14 Trc chnh quay
Chu k G87 l mt chu k c bit ch s dng mt s nguyn cng doa ngc.

cng dng ca chu k ny rt hn ch v kh thao tc do yu cu dng c v g
lp dao ct. V l do ng ta t dng chu k ny doa l.
Khng dng G99 cho chu ky G87.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 35

G9 8 G8 7 ...Y...Z...R..Q...F...
4.0
2.0
1.0
Z0
18.0 30.0
Z
36.0
15.0
25.0
B n my
3.0
E12: Chu k G88
Chu k G88 ging nh G86 nhng thm bc xoy ti y l vi thi gia P.
G99(G98) G88 XYZRPFL;
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 36

E13: Chu k G76
doa l c yu cu chnh xc cao.
G99(G98) G76 XYZRQPFL;
Bc Chu k G76
1 Chuyn ng nhanh n v tr tm l XY
2 Chuyn ng nhanh n mc R
3 Chuyn ng tin dao n chiu su l Z
4 Dng tai v tr ny tnh theo mili giy nu c P
5 Dng quay trc chnh
6 nh hng trc chnh
7 Dch chuyn ra theo gi tr Q
8 Thot dao nhanh n mc R hoc mc ban u
9 Dch chuyn vo theo gia tr Q
10 Trc chnh quay
xp G98
R
R G99
Z0
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 37

LP
Ch : Trong ttt c
c cc chu k gia cng l th bn
n nn p d
dng cc chu k sau.
G80 : Thot cc chu trnh khoan, doa, tar.

G81 : Chu trnh khoan. Dng khoan tm v khoan nh nhng l nng.
G83 : Chu trnh khoan ll su. Dng chu k ny khoan ll su.
G85 : Chu k doa tinh. Dng doa tinh l. Bn gia cng v li lng d
0.2mm rii dung chu k
k G85 doa tinh.
G84 : Chu trnh tar rn phi.
ph
G74 : Chu trnh tar rn tri.
Lu : Khi s
s dng chu k tar G84 hocc G74 th ttc trc chinh vi
ph ng theo cng thc = .
bcc tin dao F phi
Nhng
ng chu k
k ny m bn s dng vng l p L th phi dng G91
V d: dng chu k khoan nhiu l m cc l cch u nhau
%
O1055; Tn chng trnh
G91 G28 Z0; Thot dao v im tham chiu theo Z
G28 X0. Y0.; Thot dao v im tham chiu theo
XY
T1 M6; Chn dao s 1 v thay dao
G17 G40 G49 G80; Chn mt ph ng XY, hy b b bn
knh, chiu u di dao, h hy b chu k
khoan (hy b trc khi chy mt
chng trnh mi)
G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0; Chuyn n dao nhanh vv gc ta gia
cng theo ta a tuyt i
G43 H1 Z50. M3 S500 M8; B tr chiu u di dao, quay tr trc chnh
G99 G81 X10. Y10. Z-10. R5. Gi chu k khoan _ thot dao v cao
F40.; R
G91 X5. L10; Lp lii chu ky khoan 10 lln mi l
cnh nhau 5mm theo chi chiu X+
Y5.; Ti v tr hin
n tti dao di chuyn ln
5mm theo chi chiu Y+
X-5. L10.; Lp lii chu ky khoan 10 lln mi l
cnh nhau 5mm theo chi chiu X-
G80; Hy chu k khoan G81
M5; Tt trcc chnh
M9; Tt nc
G91 G28 Z0; Thot dao v im tham chiu theo
trc Z
G28 X0 Y0; Thot dao v im tham chiu theo
trc XY
M30; Ktt thc chng tr trnh chnh
% Tr v dng llnh ban u
NGUYN N VN HNG_0968 466 997 38

F: CHNG TRNH CON

Chng trnh con l mt phn ca chng trnh chnh v gi theo yu
cu.
Khi chng trnh con c gi quy trnh iu khin c thc hin
theo chng trnh con, chng trnh con kt thc quy trnh iu khin
tr v cu lnh k sau cu lnh gi chng trnh con.
Chng trnh con gm ba ni dung:
S hiu chng trnh (Tn chng trnh)
Ni dung chng trnh
Lnh k hc chng trnh
% Tn chng trnh con

Oxxxx ;
N5 ; Ni dung chng trnh con
N10. ;
N15. ;
N20. ;
M99 ; Kt thc chng trnh con
%
Gi chng trnh con :
M98 Pxxxx Lxxxx

Lnh gi Tn chng S ln lp li
chng trnh trnh con c chng trnh
con gi con
Khi khng ch ra s ln lp li chng trnh con th h iu khin hiu

l 1 c ngha l khng lp li chng trnh con. Chng trnh chnh gi
chng trnh con nhiu ln v trong chng trnh con gi chng trnh
con khc.
Cc ng dng ph bin ca chng trnh con trong lp trnh CNC bao
gm :
Cc chuyn ng gia cng c lp li.
Cc hm lin quan n s thay dao.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 39
Cc s gia cng l.
Cc bc lm nng my (Chy khng my)
S x l chng trnh vi mt chng trnh con.
%
%
O1088
O1234
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
...
N30 M98 P1234 L10 ;
...
N35 ...
...
...
...
...
M99 ;
M30 ;
%
%
Ch : mi gi tr ch c hiu lc khi gi chng trnh con s giu nguyn

hiu lc trong chng trnh con , tr khi c s thay i bn trong chng trnh
con.
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 40

V d : Bn dng chng trnh con gia cng rnh cung sau.
Y 5
25
R20
7. 5
R1
70
X
47.4
35
35
50
Work
X0.Y0. 32.5
62.4
100
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 41

Chng trnh :
%
O1088 ;
N5 G91 G28 Z0. ;
N10 G28 X0. Y0.;
N15 T1 M6;
N20 G17 G49 G40 G80;
N25 G90 G54 G0 X0. Y0.;
N30 G43 H1 Z50.;
N35 M3 S600;
N40 X32.5 Y35.;
N45 Z5. M8;
N50 G1 Z0. F120.; (V tr bt u chng trnh con)
N55 M98 P1 L5 ; (Gi chng trnh con v lp li 5 ln)
N60 G0 Z50. ;
N65 M5 M9;
N70 G91 G28 Z0. ;
N75 G28 X0. Y0.;
N80 M30 ;
%
%
O0001 ; (Chng trnh con O0001)
N5 G91 ;( Lp theo ta tng i)
N10 G2 X29.9 Y12.4 Z-1. I17.5 J0. F200. ;
N15 G3 X-29.9 Y-12.4 I-12.4 J-12.4 ;
N20 M99 ;
%
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 42

CH : Khi bn lp chng trnh con th v tr bt u v kt thc ca chng
trnh cn phi trng nhau.
tool
im bt u, kt
thc
NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 43


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P TRNH PHAY CNC 2015

NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 1

NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 2

A2: HNH HC CA CC LOI DAO PHAY

im chun ca dao phay

L im giao nhau gia ng tm v mt y ca

c bit ch l gc thot phoi thch hp khi ct vt liu khc nhau. i vi dao

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 3

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 4

NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 5

NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 6

NGUYN VN HNG_0968_0968 466 997 7

A: KHAI BO TNG QUT U CHNG TRNH

A2 : Cu trc ca mt chng trnh CNC

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 1

A3: Cu trc ca dng lnh

Nxx : S th t ca dng lnh

Gxx: Lnh chun b

X Y Z I J K : Lnh kch thc hoc v tr dao di chuyn n

S: Lnh tc quay trc chnh

Du ( ; ) Lnh kt thc chng trnh

Ch ! Mt dng lnh cn gi l mt Block. Du / c ngha l b qu dng lnh hay

N20 G0 X15. Y20. F200. ;

/N30 G1 X30. Y40. ;

A4: Nhng khai bo u chng trnh CNC

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 2

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 3

Ch ! nc ta th G94, G21, G97 l mc nh trong my phay CNC

A5 : Lnh kt thc chng trnh

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 4

B : CC LNH DI CHUYN DAO

G0 : Di chuyn vi tc ln nht m my cho php.

B2) Lnh ni suy ng thng G1.

Di chuyn tuyn tnh theo ng thng.

B3) Lnh ni suy cung trn G2/G3

Cu trc vit lnh G2/G3 theo hai phng php

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 5

+ i vi ng xon c cn khai bo ba thnh phn XYZ

Vit chng trnh theo I, J, K ( Ly ta tm cung tr i ta u cung)

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 6

Trn hnh v bn c 2 cung l cung a v cung b. Vi cung a th gc

V d : Dao i t P1 n P2 Lp trnh theo R l bn khng xc

N35 G2 Xp2 Yp2 R - ( bn knh cung ) ; ( Cung b)

N35 G2 Xp2 Yp2 R ( bn knh cung ) ; (Cung a )

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 7

Cu trc lnh: G4 P..

V d 2: G4 P2500 ; c ngha l my s dng di chuyn theo c 3 trc vi

C : B DAO CT (OFFSET TOOL)

Bin dng chi tit

hnh pha trn bn vit chng trnh khng dng tnh

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 8

Cu trc lnh: G4 P..

V d 2: G4 P2500 ; c ngha l my s dng di chuyn theo c 3 trc vi

C : B DAO CT (OFFSET TOOL)

Bin dng chi tit

hnh pha trn bn vit chng trnh khng dng tnh

NGUYN VN HNG_0968 466 997 8

Nh bn bit hnh hc ca dao phay c hnh tr trn. Trong thc t bn v