EAMCET (TS) 2016

SOLVED PAPER
Engineering Entrance Examination
Held on : 15 May, 2016
INSTRUCTION
l All questions are compulsory.
l The question paper consists of 40 questions.
l There is no overall choice. However, internal choices has been provided. You have to attempt only one of the alternatives in all such
questions.
l Use of calculator is not permitted.

EXAM CRUX
There were 40 questions asked in EAMCET(TS) engineering
entrance exam, out of which 5 to 6 questions were numerical 1. Assertion (A) Atoms with completely filled and
based, while 34 to 35 were theory based. Overall paper was half-filled subshells are stable.
simple. Numericals were also simple formula based with simple Reason (R) Completely filled and half-filled
calculation. subshells have symmetrical distribution of electrons
According to chapterwise distribution, number of questions and have maximum exchange energy.
were asked as: The correct answer is
For Class XI (a) (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry-1Q, Structure of Atom-2Qs,
(b) (A) and (R) are correct, (R) is not the correct explanation
of (A)
Periodic Properties-2Qs, Chemical Bonding-2Qs, States of (c) (A) is correct, but (R) is not correct
Matter-2Qs, Thermodynamics-1Q, Equilibrium-2Qs, Redox (d) (A) is not correct, but (R) is correct
Reactions-2Qs, The s-Block elements-2Qs, The p -Block
Elements-1Q and Environmental Chemistry-1Q. 2. The element with the electronic configuration
From Class XII 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s1 is
The Solid State-1Q, Solutions-2Qs, Electrochemistry-1Q, (a) Cu (b) Ca (c) Cr (d) Co
Chemical Kinetics-1Q, Surface Chemistry-1Q, Metallurgy-1Q,
The p -block Elements-3Qs, The d -and f-block Elements-1Q, 3. Among the following, the isoelectronic pair(s) is/are
Coordination compounds-1Q, Haloalkanes and Haloarenes-1Q, (i) O2 - , F - , Na + , Mg2 +
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids-3Qs, Amines-1Q, (ii) Na + , Mg + , Al3 + , F -
Biomolecules-1Q, and Chemistry in Everyday life-2Qs.
Overall Physical, Inorganic and Organic Chemistry contained (iii) N3 - , O2 - , F - , Ne
approximately equal weightage of questions. (a) (i) and (ii) (b) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Difficulty Level Around 55 to 60% questions can be considered (c) (ii) and (iii) (d) (i) and (iii)
as easy, 20 to 25% were relatively moderate and 20 to 25% were 4. What is the atomic number of the element with
tough. symbol Uus?
by Arihant Team (a) 117 (b) 116 (c) 115 (d) 114

14
 5. Match the following. 12. Which one of the following is correct?
(a) The equilibrium constant (Kc ) is independent of
List I List II
temperature
(A) PCl 3 (I) Square planar (b) The value of Kc is independent of initial concentrations of
(B) BF3 (II) T-shape reactants and products
(C) CIF 3 (III) Trigonal pyramidal (c) At equilibrium, the rate of the forward reaction is twice the
rate of the backward reaction
(D) XeF 4 (IV) See-saw
(d) The equilibrium constant (Kc ) for the reaction
Ni( s ) + 4 CO( g ) a Ni(CO)4 is,
(V) Trigonal planar [Ni(CO)4 ]
Codes [CO ]
A B C D A B C D
13. pH of an aqueous solution of NH4Cl is
(a) IV II I III (b) III V II IV
(c) III V II I (d) II IV III V (a) 7 (b) > 7 (c) < 7 (d) 1

6. The order of covalent character of KF, KI, KCl is 14. What is the change in the oxidation state of Mn in
(a) KCl < KF < KI (b) KI < KCI < KF the reaction of MnO -4 with H2O2 in acidic medium?
(c) KF < KI < KCI (d) KF < KCl < KI (a) 7 4 (b) 6 4 (c) 7 2 (d) 6 2
7. If the kinetic energy in J, of CH4 (molar mass 15. Which one of the following will not give flame test?
=16 g mol -1) at T(K) is X, the kinetic energy in J, of
(a) Ca (b) Ba (c) Sr (d) Be
O2 (molar mass = 32 g mol -1) at the same
temperatures is 16. Which one of the following forms a basic oxide?
X (a) B (b) Tl (c) Al (d) Ga
(a) X (b) 2X (c) X 2 (d)
2
17. The gas produced by the passage of air over hot
8. The given figure shows the Maxwell distribution of coke is
molecular speeds of a gas at three different (a) carbon monoxide (b) carbon dioxide
temperatures T1, T2 and T3 . The correct order of (c) producer gas (d) water gas
temperatures is
T1 18. In environmental chemistry, the medium which is
affected by a pollutant is called as the ..............
Number of molecules

T3 (a) sink (b) slag (c) solvent (d) receptor

T2
19. The hybridisation of each carbon in the following
compound respectively is
O

CH3 C CH2 CN
Speed
(a) T1 > T2 > T3 (b) T1 > T3 > T2 (a) sp3, sp2, sp3, sp (b) sp3, sp3, sp2, sp
(c) T3 > T2 > T1 (d) T2 > T3 > T1 (c) sp3, sp, sp3, sp2 (d) sp3, sp2, sp, sp3

9. In Haber's process, 50.0 g of N2 (g) and 10.0 g of 20. The product Z of the following reaction is
H2 (g) are mixed to produce NH3 (g). What is the 2HBr
H3CC CH Z
number of moles of NH3 (g) formed? (a) H 3CCH 2CHBr2 (b) H 3CCBr2CH 3
(a) 3.33 (b) 2.36 (c) 2.01 (d) 5.36 (c) H 3CCHBrCH 2Br (d) BrCH 2CH 2CH 2Br
10. The following reaction occurs in acidic medium 21. Identify X and Y in the following reaction
KMnO4 + 8H + + 5 e - K + + Mn2+ +4H2O. sequence
O
X
Zn
Y (CH3 )2 CO + CH2O
3
What is the equivalent weight of KMnO4 ?
Zn- H2 O
(Molecular weight of KMnO4 = 158)
X Y
(a) 79.0 (b) 31.6 (c) 158.0 (d) 39.5 (a) (CH 3 )2 CHCH 3 CH 3CH ==CHCH 3

11. Given that N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) 2NH3 (g); Br
D r H = -92 kJ, the standard molar enthalpy of (b) (CH 3 )2CHCH 2 Br CH 3CH == CHCH 3
formation in kJ mol -1 of NH3 (g) is (c) (CH 3 )2CBrCH 2 Br (CH 3 )2C == CH 2
(d) (CH 3 )2CHCHBr2 (CH 3 )2C == CH 2
(a) -92 (b) +46 (c) +92 (d) -46

15
22. The packing efficiency of simple cubic (sc), body 31. Which of the following metal ions has a calculated
centred cubic (bcc) and cubic close packing (ccp) magnetic moment value of 24 BM?
lattices follow the order (a) Mn2+ (b) Fe 2+
(a) bcc<ccp<sc (b) ccp<bcc<sc (c) Fe 3+ (d) Co 2+
(c) sc<ccp<bcc (d) sc<bcc<ccp
32. Which one of the following does not exhibit
23. The experimental depression in freezing point of a geometrical isomerism?
dilute solution is 0.025 K. If the vant Hoff factor (i) (a) Octahedral complex with formula [M X 2 L4 ]
is 2.0, the calculated depression in freezing point (b) Square planar complex with formula [M X 2 L2 ]
(in K) is (c) Tetrahedral complex with formula [M A B X L ]
(a) 0.00125 (b) 0.025 (c) 0.0125 (d) 0.05 (d) Octahedral complex with formula [M X 2( L - L )2 ]

24. The molality of an aqueous dilute solution 33. The polydispersity index (PDI) of a polymer is
containing non-volatile solute is 0.1 m. What is the ( Mw = weight average molecular mass and Mn =
boiling temperature (in C) of solution? (Boiling number average molecular mass)
point elevation constant, Kb = 0.52 kg mol -1 K; (a) the product of M n and M w
(b) the sum of M n and M w
boiling temperature of water = 100 C). (c) the difference between M w and M n
(a) 100.0052 (b) 100.052 (c) 100.0 (d) 100.52 (d) the ratio between M w and M n
25. Which one of the following is correct plot of L m 34. Hormone that maintains the blood glucose level
(in S cm2 mol -1) and C (in (mol/L)1/ 2 ) for KCl within the limit is
solution? (y = L m ; X = C ) (a) thyroxine (b) insulin
(c) testosterone (d) epinephrine
y y
(a) (b) 35. Chloroxylenol is an example of ....... .
(a) antiseptic (b) antipyretic
x x (c) analgesic (d) tranquiliser

y y
36. Which one of the following has highest boiling
(c) (d) point?
(a) H 3CCH 2CH 2CH 2Cl (b) (H 3 C)2CHCH 2Cl
x x (c) (H 3C)3CCl (d) H 3CCH 2C HCH 3

26. For the reaction Cl
5Br - (aq) + 6H + (aq) + BrO3- (aq) 3Br2 (aq) + 3H2O(l) H
37. X + Y
+
Aspirin + H3CCOOH
D[BrO3- ]
if, - = 0. 01 mol L-1 min -1,
Dt Here, X and Yare
D[Br2 ]
in mol L-1 min -1 is X Y X Y
Dt CO2H CO2H
(a) 0.01 (b) 0.3 (c) 0.03 (d) 0.005 OH
(a) H3CCOCl (b) (H3CCO)2O
27. Which one of the following is an emulsion?
(a) Milk (b) Soap lather
(c) Butter (d) Vanishing cream CO2H CO2H
28. Copper matte contains .................. .
(c) H3CCO2H (d) H3CCOCH3
(a) Cu2O, Cu2S (b) Cu2O,FeO (c) Cu2 S,FeS (d) Cu2 S,FeO
OH
29. X reacts with dilute nitric acid to form laughing
OH
gas. What is X ?
(a) Cu (b) P4 (c) S 8 (d) Zn (i) SnCl2 + HCl
38. R CN R CHO
30. Xenon reacts with fluorine at 873 K and 7 bar to (ii) H3 O +
form XeF4 . In this reaction, the ratio of xenon and What is the name of the above reaction?
fluorine required is (a) Rosenmund (b) Williamson
(a) 1 : 5 (b) 10 : 1 (c) 1 : 3 (d) 5 : 1 (c) Stephen (d) Kolbe

16
 COCH3 CH2CO2H
39. Consider the following reactions,
CH2CH3 CH2CH2CH3
(c)
(i) KMnO4 -KOH/D (i) KMnO4 -KOH/D
+ Y; + Z
(ii) H3O (ii) H3O CO2H CO2H
What are the structures of Y and Z?
Y Z (d)
CH2CO2H CH2CH2CO2H

40. Which is the strongest base among the following?

(a)
CH3

CO2H CH2CO2H NH2 NHCH3 NCH3

(b) (a) H3CNH2 (b) (c) (d)

17
 Answers with Explanation
1. (a) The extra stability of half-filled and fully filled electronic The reaction proceeds as :
configurations can be explained in terms of symmetry and N 2( g ) + 3H 2 ( g ) a 2NH 3 ( g )
exchange energy. All the orbitals of the same subshell are 28 g 6g 34 g

either completely filled or half-filled have more symmetrical Q 6 g H2 reacts with 28 g N 2

distribution of electrons. Consequently, their shielding to one 28
\ 10 g H2 reacts with 10 = 46 . 67g N 2,
another is relatively small and the electrons are more strongly 6
attracted by the nucleus. This leads to more stability of the i.e. H 2 is limiting reagent and N 2 is in excess.
atom. Now,
2. (a) The element copper has atomic number = 29 Q 6 g H2 produces 34 g NH3.
34
Electronic configuration of Cu \10 g H 2 will produce 10 g NH3.
6
=1s 2 2 s 2 2 p6 3 s 2 3 p6 3d 10 4 s1= [ Ar ] 3d 10 4 s1
Therefore, we can calculate number of moles of NH3 as
3. (d) Isoelectronic species are elements or ions that have the 34
same or equal number of electrons. 10
Produced weight 6 34 10 10
Hence, O 2- , F - , Na + , Mg 2 + , Ne , N3- , Al 3+ are isoelectronic n NH 3 = = = = = 3 . 33
Molecular weight 17 6 17 3
species (all have 10 electrons).
10. (b) In the reaction (in acidic medium),
But Mg + 11 e - is not an isoelectronic with respect to other
species. KMnO 4 + 8H+ + 5 e - K + + Mn 2+ + 4H 2 O
KMnO 4 acts as an oxidising agent in acidic medium because, it
4. (a) The atomic number of the element Uus is 117.
gains 5 electrons from reductant.
Ununseptium (Uus) is the second heaviest known element
158
and penultimate element of the 7 th period of the periodic table. \ Equivalent weight of KMnO 4 = = 31.6 (in g/equivalent)
5
Electronic configuration of Uus = [Rn] 5f 14 6 d 10 7 s 2 7 p5.
11. (d) Given, N 2 ( g ) + 3H 2( g ) 2NH 3 ( g ); D r H = - 92 kJ
5. (c) A III; B V; C II; D I Chemical reaction for molar enthalpy of formation of NH 3,
PCl3-Trigonal pyramidal BCl3-Trigonal planar 1 3
Cl N 2( g ) + H 2( g ) NH 3 ( g ) (D f H for N 2 and H 2 = 0 )
2 2
P B - D r H -92
Therefore, D f H = = = - 46 kJ mol --1
Cl Cl Cl 2 2
Cl
Cl
ClF3-T-shape
12. (b) Correct option is (b). (a), (c) and (d) are incorrect.
XeF4-Square planar
F (a) Kc depends on temperature.

Cl F F (c) At equilibrium, both the rates are equal.

F Xe
F F
F [CO]4
6. (d) Thinking process Covalent character increases with
increase in size of anion or decreases with size of cation.
+ Ammonium chloride is a salt of weak base (NH 3 ) and strong
As, here cation (K ) in all the species is common, hence the
covalent character will increase in the order KF < KCl < KI.
7. (a) At same temperature, kinetic energy of both the gases will
be same, i.e.
Q KE T (for all gases)
\ KE(CH 4 ) = KE(O 2 ) = X
8. (d) At lower temperatures , the molecules have less energy.
Hence, the molecular speeds are lower, and distribution of
molecules has smaller range. But as the temperature
increases, distribution range flattens. Hence, correct order is :
T2 > T3 > T1
9. (a) Thinking process
l
Number of moles of ammonia produced depends upon
limiting reagent.
l
First, find out limiting reagent.
l
Apply mole concept on limiting reagent and produced
NH 3 and calculate number of moles of NH 3 produced.
[Ni(CO)4 ]
(d) Kc =
13. (c) Short trick All salts formed by weak base and strong
acid show acidic nature in their aqueous solutions.
acid (HCl) hence, it is acidic in nature.
NH3 + HCl NH4Cl pH of NH4Cl < 7
14. (c) Manganese exhibits oxidation states of + 2, + 3, + 4, + 6
and + 7.
Reaction involved when KMnO 4 reacts with H2O 2 in acidic
medium,
2MnO 4- ( aq ) + 5H2O 2( aq ) + 16 H+ ( aq ) 2 Mn 2+ + 5O 2( g ) + 8H2O
So, in acidic medium on reaction of MnO -4 with H2O 2 oxidation
state of Mn changes from 7 to 2.
15. (d) Short trick The elements with smaller sizes or the
elements in which electrons are bounded towards the
nucleus tightly do not give flame test.
All the elements given in the option belong to group 2. Among
which, beryllium is smaller in size, its electrons are more
tightly bounded as compare to other. Thats why, its
outermost electrons do not get excited significantly during
flame test.

18
16. (b) Short trick More the element has metallic character, Packing efficiency for simple cubic
more basic is its oxide. 4 3 4 3
pr pr
As the metallic character increases down the group hence, 3 100 = 3 3 100
3
thallium (Tl) has highest metallic character a 8r
(among the given options) and it forms the basic oxide. Al and 4pr 3 1 100 p
Ga form amphoteric oxide and B (Boron) forms acidic oxide. = 3 100 = = 52 .4%
3 8r 6
17. (c) Tha gas produced by passage of air over hot coke is
4
called producer gas. The reaction proceeds as: 2 pr 3
D For body centred = 3 100
2C + O 2 + N 2 2CO + N 2
1424 3 14243 64 r 3
Coke (From air) Producer gas
3 3
Other carbonaceous (carbon containing) fuels also produce
8pr 3 3 3
producer gas of different compositions. = 100
3 64 r 3
18. (d) In environmental chemistry, the medium which is affected
3 p 100
by a pollutant is called receptors or targets. Receptors, are =
24
the biotic or abiotic components, which affected adversely by
3 p 25
the pollution . = = 68%
6
19. (a) In the compound,
4
H O H 4 pr 3
For cubic closed packing = 3 100
H C C C C N 32 r 3 / 2
16 p r 2 2 2 100
H H = 100 = = 74%
3 32 r 2 6
(i) (ii)
i (iii) (iv) Hence, sc < bcc < ccp.
sp3 sp
2
sp3 sp
23. (c) Given, depression in freezing point of a dilute solution is
The C-atoms that is bonded to four other atoms involve four 0.025 K, i = 2.0
orbitals (1of s and 3 of p- orbitals) during hybridisation. vant Hoff factor
Hence, they have sp3-hybridisation as in cases of (i) and (iii). Observed colligative property(experimental)
(i ) =
The C atom bonded to three other atoms involves three Calculated colligative property
orbitals (1 of s and 2 of p-orbitals). Hence, carbon (ii) has 0.025
sp2-hybridisation. 2.0 =
Calculated colligative property
The C-atom bonded to two other atoms involves two orbitals Calculated depression in freezing point = 0.0125 K
(1s and 1p-orbitals). Hence, carbon (iv) has sp- hybridisation.
24. (b) Given, K b = 0.52 kg mol -1 K
20. (b) H 3 CC CH 2HBr
H 3CCBr2CH 3
Boiling point of water = 100 C
The reaction follows Markownikoffs addition. DTb DTb
m= , 0.1 = , DTb = 0.052
21. (c) In this reaction, Kb 0.52
Zn Boiling point of solution (Tb ) = 100 + DTb
(CH3)2CBr CH2Br (CH3)2C== CH2 +ZnBr2
(X) (Y )
= 100 + 0.052 = 100.052

Zn-H2O O3 (Ozonolysis) 25. (b) Molar conductivity is given asLm = Lm - A C

Thus, as the C increases, Lm decreases.
(CH3)2CO + CH2O 26. (c) 5Br - ( aq ) + 6H+ ( aq ) + BrO -3 ( aq ) 3Br2( aq ) + 3H 2O( l )
Acetone Formaldehyde
-
1 D[Br - ] D[BrO 3 ] 1 D[Br2 ]
22. (d) Short trick Since, we have - =- =+
5 Dt Dt 3 Dt
l
Packing efficiency of a cubic system
D[BrO -3 ] 1 D[Br2 ] D[Br2 ] D[ BrO-3 ]
=
Volume occupied by atoms in unit cell \ - = = -3
Total volume of the unit cell Dt 3 Dt Dt Dt
l
Put values of volume occupied by atoms and total volume = 3 0.01 = 0.03
of the unit cell in the above formula for sc, bcc and ccp. 27. (a) Milk is an emulsion of fat and water. An emulsion is a
l
Try to maintain same denominator or numerator for all dispersion of tiny droplets of one liquid into another liquid.
cubic systems. Thus, it is a liquid-liquid colloidal system.
l
If denominator is same, then the cubic system with 28. (c) Copper matte contains Cu 2 S and FeS.
maximum value of numerator will show highest packing On roasting the copper ore, i.e. copper pyrite (CuFeS 2 ), the
efficiency. impurities of S and Fe are converted into cuprous sulphide
l
If numerator is same, then the cubic system with and ferrous sulphide, respectively.
minimum value denominator will show highest packing 2CuFeS 2 + O 2 Cu2 S + 2FeS + SO 2
efficiency.

19
29. (d) Zn reacts with dilute nitric acid to form laughing gas. 36. (a) H 3CCH 2CH 2CH 2 Cl
4Zn + 10HNO 3 4Zn(NO 3 )2 + N 2O + 5H 2 O For isomeric alkyl halides, the boiling point decreases with
Laughing gas branching. Branching of the chain makes the molecule more
30. (a) XeF4 is obtained by heating a mixture of xenon and compact and therefore, the surface area decreases. Hence,
the intermolecular attractive forces which depend upon the
fluorine in the molar ratio of 1 : 5 at 873K and 7 bar pressure in
surface area, also become small in magnitude due to
an enclosed nickel vessel for a few hours. The reaction
branching. Consequently, the boiling points of the branched
proceeds as
chain having same molecular formula are less than the
Ni -tube , 873 K
Xe( g ) + 2F2( g ) XeF4 straight chain isomers. Higher the molecular weight, higher is
7 bar
the boiling point, but branching reduces boiling point.
The extra fluorine taken increases the production. 37. (b)
31. (b) Thinking process Magnetic moment (m ) is related to CO2H OCOCH3
number of unpaired electron n, as OH COOH
+
+(H3CCO)2O H + H3CCOOH
meff = n( n + 2 ) BM
Acetic acid
(Y )
meff = 24 BM (X ) Acetic anhydride Acetyl salicylic acid
Salicylic acid or 2-acetoxy benzoic acid
n 2 + 2 n = 24 (Aspirin)

By removing square root from both sides, we get 38. (c) Specifically, when reduction is carried out with
n 2 + 2 n = 24 SnCl 2/HCl. It is called Stephens reaction.
2
n + 2 n - 24 = 0
The generalised reaction looks like
n 2 + 6 n - 4 n - 24 = 0
n ( n + 6 ) - 4( n + 6 ) = 0 R H
N
SnCl2 / HCl +
( n - 4 )( n + 6 ) = 0 R C C=
=N Cl
SnCl4
n = 4 or - 6 H H
- 6 value is not possible, as negative upaired electron will not R H H2 O R
occur. C==N + + C== O
NH4
Thus, n = 4 or we can say the metal ion which have four H H H
unpaired electrons will have 24 BM magnetic moment.
Out of given options, Fe 2+ has 4 unpaired electrons as
39. (d) Short trick KMnO 4 (alk.) oxidises alkyl group (R) directly
attached to benzene ring, irrespective of length of alkyl
6 group (if has at least one a-H).
3d 4s0
2+
Fe =[Ar] CH2CH3 COOH

(i) KMnO4 KOH/
32. (c) All the other three exhibit geometrical isomerism but
+
tetrahedral complex does not. (ii) H3O

33. (d) The polydispersity index (PDI) of a polymer is the ratio of (Y)
Mw
M w and M n. PDI = CH2CH2CH3 COOH
Mn

For natural polymer, PDI = 1 (i) KMnO4 KOH/
+
\ M w = M n and polymer is monodispersed (ii) H3O
For synthetic polymer, PDI > 1 (Z)
\ M w > M n and polymer is polydispersed. 40. (a) Thinking process The species having more lone pair of
It is directly related to the standard deviation of polymer electrons for donation act as strong base.
molecular weight distribution. Polydispersity index can be In case of CH 3 NH 2, Ione pair of electrons on N-atom is
used as a measure of the width of the molecular weight available for donation. In other cases N-atom is directly
distribution. attached to benzene ring thus, lone pair of electron on N-atom
34. (b) Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted from pancreas. It is not available for donation (due to delocalisation). Hence,
regulates the blood glucose level metabolism within the limit CH 3NH 2 is most basic. Order of basic nature of the given
by signaling liver, muscles and fat cells to take up extra compounds is
glucose from blood. N(CH3 )2 NHCH3 NH2
35. (a) Chloroxylenol is an example of antiseptic. Dettol is a
mixture of chloroxylenol and a-terpineol. Chloroxylenol is CH3NH2 > > >
responsible for the antiseptic and disinfectant properties of
dettol.

20
 EXPLICATION SERIES
Elements : Iron and Copper
We have read some interesting things like discoveries and properties of silver and gold in July issue. In this issue we shall discuss about copper and
iron. Copper and iron both are metals, thus are good conductors of heat and electricity. Today, these metals are widely used in electronics,
medicine, building constructions, jewellery, farming, security systems etc. We are going to discuss about these two elements one-by-one. Lets start
with copper.
Copper
n Copper beads have been excavated in northern Iraq which are atleast
11000 yr old. Thus, people have been using copper for atleast 11000 yrs.
n The Roman Empire obtained most of its copper from the Island of
Cyprus, from where copper name originated.
n At first people used only native copper but later rising demand led to the
processing of copper ores. It is comparatively simple to smelt the metal
from ores with higher copper content.
n Pure copper was usually too soft for most uses. Hence, copper was
widely used in the ancient world as bronze (an alloy of copper with tin),
which was used to make cultery coins and tools. In China, it was used
for bells. The alloy, bronze marked a whole epoch in the history of
mankind the Bronze Age.
n As early as the third millenium BC copper was widely used for
manufacturing various tools. The Egyptian Pyramid of cheops was built
with gigantic stone blocks each of which was cut with copper tools.
n At first bronze was rather expensive and was used mainly for jewellery
and luxury articles. In ancient Egypt, mirrors were made from bronze.
Bronze, like copper, proved to be an excellent material for relict makers
and sculptors.
n As early as the 5th century BC man learned to cost bronze statues.
n Besides bronze another wonderful copper alloy, brass, has been known
for a long time. It was prepared by fusing copper with zinc ore. Ancient
Egyptians, Indians, Assyrians, Romans, and Greeks knew copper,
bronze and brass. Both copper and bronze were used for making
weapons. In excavations dated back to the 8th-6th centuries BC in Altai,
Siberia, and trans-caucasus archaeologists found knives, arrow-heads,
shields, and helmets made from bronze and copper.
n Today, copper is mainly obtained from the ores cuprite (CuO 2 ),
tenorite (CuO), malachite (CuO 3 Cu (OH)2 ), chalcocite (Cu 2S), covellite
(CuS) and bornite (Cu5 FeS 4 ). Large deposits of copper ore are all located
in six Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries :
United States, Chile, Zambia, Zairu, Peru and Canada formed in 1967.
n Copper is used in large amount by the electrical industry in the form of
wire, copper is second only to silver in electrical conductor.
n Today copper has many applications in different fields such as in
organometallic chemistry, architecture, medicine, making of wires,
cables, electronics and related devices, electric motors (copper superior
conductivity enhances the efficiency of electrical motors).
n Copper proteins have diverse roles in biological electron transport and
oxygen transportation processes that exploit the easy interconversion
of Cu (I) and Cu (II). The biological role of copper commenced with the
appearance of oxygen in earths atmosphere.
Iron
n Iron objects have been found in Egypt dating from around
3500 BC. They contain about 7.5% nickel, which indicates that
they were of meteoric origin.
n Iron is the second most abundant metal in nature after
aluminium.
n A chemical symbol Fe originates from the latin word ferrum,
which means iron.
n Native iron is extremely rare because it oxidises readily in the
presence of water and air and is found mainly in the form of
oxides.
n In the beginning, iron was very expensive and was valued much
higher than gold; very often iron jewellery was set in gold. This is
because, peoples of all continents became aware of gold, silver
and copper approximately at the same time. But in the case of iron
this awareness comes at different timings.
n In Egypt and Mesopotamia the process of extracting iron from
ores was discovered 2000 BC; in trans-caucasus, Asia Minor, and
ancient Greece at the end of the second millenium; in India in the
the middle of the second millenium in China much later, only in
the middle of the first millenium BC.
n The New World Iron Age (1300-1200 BC) began with the arrival of
Europeans, i.e. in the second millenium AD; some African tribes
began to use iron skipping the Bronze Age period.
n In countries where natural resources of copper and tin were
small, a demand arose for replacing these metals.
n Gradually, production of iron grew and iron began to pass from
the category of precious metals into the ordinary ones.
n Among all the metals and alloys known by the time, iron was the
hardest one. Therefore, as soon as iron grew relatively cheap,
various tools and weapons were manufactured from it.
n At the beginning of the first millenium AD, production of iron in
Europe and Asia had made considerable progress; particularly
great success in smelting and processing iron had been achieved
by Indian metallurgists.
n By the end of the 15th century first smelting furnaces appeared
producing exclusively cast iron.
n Today, one third of Earths mass in believed to be iron, most of
which lies deep within the planet, i.e. in the core.
n You may be surprised after knowing that there is enough iron
present on Earth to make three new planets, each with the same
mass as Mars.
CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM AUGUST 2016 31
PERSONALITIES
SPECTRUM
ROSALIND FRANKLIN
(25/07/1920-16/04/1958)
All that is necessary for faith is the belief that by doing our best we shall come
nearer to sucess and that success in our aims is worth attaining.
British chemist Rosalind Franklin is best known for her role
in the discovery of the structure of DNA, and for her
pioneering use of X-ray diffraction.
Rosalind Franklin was extremely intelligent. She knew by the
age of 15 that she wanted to be a scientist in her future. She
learned crystallography and X-ray diffraction techniques
that she applied to DNA fibers. One of her photographs
provided key insights into DNA structure. Other scientists used it as the basis for
their DNA model and took credit for the discovery.
LIFE HISTORY
British chemist Rosalind Elsie Franklin was born into a wealthy and influential
Jewish family on July 25, 1920 at Notting Hill, in London, England.
She received her education at several schools including North London Collegiate
School, where she excelled in science, among other things.
Rosalind Franklin enrolled at Newnham College, Cambridge, in 1938 and studied
chemistry. In 1941, she was awarded Second Class Honors in her finals, then she
works as an assistant research officer at the British Coal Utilisation Research
Association, where she studied the porosity of coal. This work was the basis of her
1945 Ph.D. thesis The physical chemistry of solid organic colloids with special
reference to coal.
In the fall of 1946, Franklin was appointed at the Laboratoire Central des Services
Chimiques de I'Etat in Paris, where she worked with crystallographer Jacques
Mering. He taught her X-ray diffraction, which would largely play a role into her
discovery of the secret of lifethe structure of DNA. In addition, Franklin brilliant.
pioneered the use of X-rays to create images of crystalised solids in analysing
complex, unorganised matter, not just single crystals.
In the fall of 1956, Franklin found that she was suffered with ovarian cancer.
Inspite of this she continued working throughout the following two years, having
three operations and experimental chemotherapy. She experienced a 10-month
remission and worked up until several weeks before her death on April 16, 1958, at
the age of 37.
CONTRIBUTION TO CHEMISTRY
Franklin was an English chemist and X-ray crystallographer who made
contributions to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal and graphite.
Although her works on coal and viruses were appreciated in her lifetime, her
contributions to the discovery of DNA were largely recognised after her death.
Her work on the X-ray diffraction images of DNA while at Kings College, London,
which led to the discovery of the DNA double helix for which James Watson,
Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1962. Watson suggested that Franklin would have ideally been
awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry, alongwith Wilkins, but the Nobel Committee
does not make dead people nominations.
After finishing her work on DNA, Franklin led pioneering work at Birkbeck on the
molecular structures of viruses. Her team member Aaron Klug continued her
research, winning the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1982.
FREDERICK SANGER
(13/08/1918-19/11/2013)
Scientific research is one of the exciting and rewarding of occupations.
Frederick Sanger was a British biochemist who
won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry twice, one of
only two people to have done so in the same
category (the other is John Bardeen in Physics) the
fourth person overall with two Nobel Prizes, and
the third person overall with two Nobel Prizes in the
sciences.
LIFE HISTORY
Frederick Sanger was born on August 13, 1918. He was educated at
Bryanston School. At St. John's College, Cambridge, where he took his
B.A. degree in natural sciences in 1939. He has been carried out research
in the Department of Biochemistry at Cambridge since 1940. From 1940
to 1943 he worked with Dr. A. Neuberger on the metabolism of the amino
acid lysine and obtained a Ph. D degree in 1943. From 1944 to 1951 he
held a Beit Memorial Fellowship for Medical Research. Then, he has been
a member of the External Staff of the Medical Research Council since
1951. His last position was head of the Division of Protein Chemistry in
the MRC Laboratory for Molecular Biology, at Cambridge University in
Gloucestershire.
His work has been concerned largely with problems related to the
determination of the structure of proteins. Since, 1943 these studies
resulted in the determination of the structure of insulin
Sanger died in his sleep at Addenbrookes Hospital in Cambridge on
19 November 2013. As noted in his obituary, he had described himself as
just a chap who messed about in a lab, and academically not
CONTRIBUTION TO CHEMISTRY
In 1951, Sanger was awarded the Corday-Morgan Medal and Prize of the
Chemical Society. In 1954, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society and a
Fellow of Kings college, Cambridge. He was an Honorary Foreign
Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American
Society of Biological Chemists, Member of the Academies of Science of
Argentina and Brazil, Japanese Biochemical Society, and Corresponding
Member of the Association Quimica Argentina.
In the course of identifying the amino groups, Sanger figured out ways to
order the amino acids. He was the first person to obtain a protein
sequence. By doing so, Sanger proved that proteins were ordered
molecules and by analogy, the genes and DNA that make these proteins
should have an order or sequence as well. Sanger won his first Nobel
Prize for Chemistry in 1958 for his work on the structure of protein.
Sanger initially investigated ways to sequence RNA because it was
smaller. Eventually, this led to techniques that were applicable to DNA
and finally to the dideoxy method most commonly used in sequencing
reactions today.
Sanger won a second Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1980 sharing it with
Walter Gilbert, for their contributions concerning the determination of
base sequences in nucleic acids, and Paul Berg for his work on
recombinant DNA.
1 PRELIMINARY ATOMIC With radiations arranged continuously

CONCEP
Looks like dark
i.e. without any clear cut boundary
MODELS between two successive radiations.
patches on bright
background.
(I) THOMSONS PLUM PUDDING MODEL
Continuous or Band Absorption
This model is based on electrical neutrality.

your Revi
3. On the basis of the 1. On the basis of its
Thomson visualised atom as a pudding of positive positioning of radiation Spectrum formation via absorption
charge which is balanced with electrons as plums in a spectra or emission of energy
embedded into it. Discontinuous or line Emission
Looks like bright
(II) RUTHERFORDS ATOMIC MODEL With radiations Atomic Molecular
patches on dark

ATOMIC ST
arranged in 2. On the basis of
Rutherford bombarded highly energised positively discrete or background.
species taking part
charged helium ions on a thin film of gold foil discontinuous in the spectrum
(thickness 100 nm) surrounded by a circular fashion. formation. Formed by
fluorescent ZnS screen. Formed by atom molecule
He observed that most of -particles passed directly The ideal body, which emits and absorbs all possible frequencies is
through the gold foil, small fraction of these deflected known as black body and the radiations emitted by this body are
by small angle and very few bounced back in the called black body radiations.
reverse direction. He concluded that entire mass of
the atom resides in its nucleus and is equal to the sum
of protons and neutrons.
4 BOHRS ATOMIC MODEL
Electrons revolve around the nucleus in specific circular orbits
DRAWBACKS OF RUTHERFORD MODEL h
having angular momentum as the integral multiple of , i.e.
The orbital revolution of electron around the 2
positively charged nucleus is not expected to be nh
mvr = , with a definite velocity. Each orbit can contain only a
stable. 2
It could not explain atomic spectra of H-atom and
set of number of electrons.
discontinuous spectrum. As long as electron remains in a particular orbit, it neither emits
nor gains energy.
2 DEVELOPMENTS Each stationary orbit is associated with a definite amount of
LEADING TO BOHRS energy. The greater is the distance of the orbit from the nucleus,
MODEL OF ATOM more will be the energy associated with it.
Dual nature of electromagnetic radiations An electron can move from one energy level to another through
Electromagnetic radiations show characteristics quanta or photon jumps only.
of light wave as well as stream of light particles
A LINE SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN
(photons).
Quantised electronic energy levels (Plancks
On passing electric discharge through gaseous hydrogen
quantum theory) Atoms and molecules could emit molecules, these dissociate into energised hydrogen atoms which
or absorb energy in discrete quantities only which produce electromagnetic radiations of discrete frequency.
are called quantum. The energy of a quantum is Rydberg gave the following formulae to calculate the wave number
proportional to its frequency as E = hv and always (1 / ) associated with electromagnetic radiation emitted by
emitted in integral multiples of hv as 2hv, 3hv etc. different atoms of hydrogen gas molecules.
In other words energy is quantised.
1 1 1
Einstein explanation of quantised nature = = R H Z 2 2 2 , n1 < n2
of light Einstein suggested that light consists of n1 n2
stream of particles, called photons which move 2 2 m ee 4
with the speed of light. He gave some formula where, R H = = Rydberg's constant
related to photoelectric effect. ch 3
= 109677 m 1 = 10967700 cm 1
Property Formula
Energy of photon, Ephoton hv or
hc B LIMITATIONS OF BOHRS MODEL
(i) It is unable to explain hydrogen atom spectrum (doublet,
Work function (W ) or hc triplet etc.) observed by using spectroscopic techniques.
hv 0 =
ionisation energy (IE) 0 (ii) It is unable to explain the spectrum of atoms/ions having
Kinetic energy of 1 2
mv = h( v v 0 ) more than one electron.
photoelectron 2 (iii) It is unable to explain the ability of atom to form molecules
1 1
= hc by chemical bonds.
0

Ionisation energy or work function is the

minimum amount of energy required by an
5 DIFFERENT TYPES OF LINE SPECTRUM
electron to escape from the metal surface. Series of lines n1 n2 Spectral region Wavelength range
If E photon < W , no photoelectron will escape.
Lyman series 1 2, 3, ... UV light < 4000 1/ R H 4 / 3R H

3 SPECTRA Balmer series 2 3, 4, ... Visible 4000 7000 4 / R H 36 / 5 R H

A spectra gives us a pictorial representation of Paschen series 3 4, 5, ... Near IR > 7000 9 / R H 144 / 7 R H
arrangement of radiations in the increasing order of Brackett series 4 5, 6, ... IR > 7000 16 / R H 400 / 9 R H
wavelength or decreasing order of frequency. Pfund series 5 6, 7, ... Far IR > 7000 25 / R H 900 / 11 R H
Humphrey series 6 7, 8, ... Far IR > 7000 36 / R H 1764 / 13 R H
 8 QUANTUM MECHANICAL PERIOD - 6

PT MAP
9. La(57) - [Xe], 6s 2 , 5d 1 The reason
MODEL OF AN ATOM 10. Ce(58) - [Xe], 6s 2 ,4 f 1 , 5d 1 behind
Quantum mechanical model of Probability density of finding an these
an atom deals with probability
electron
Atomic 11. Gd(64) - [Xe], 6s 2 ,4 f 7 , 5d 1
exceptional
rather than exact position or velocity.
nucleus 12. Pt(78) - [Xe], 6s 1 ,4 f 14 , 5d 9
electronic

ision Tool
To find the electron in a particular 13. Au(79) - [Xe], 6s 1 ,4 f 14 , 5d 10 configurations
region. Schrodinger gave the PERIOD - 7 is that
following equation for defining the 14. Ac(89) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 6d 1 , 5 f 0 half-filled
wave motion of an electron in 3D space. and fully-filled
15. Th(90) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 6d 2 , 5 f 0

TRUCTURE d 2 d 2 d 2 8 2m
dx 2
+
dy 2
+
dz 2
+
h2
( E V ) = 0 16. Pa(91) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 6d 1 , 5 f 2
17. U(92) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 5 f 3 , 6s 1
Here, x, y and z are space coordinates, m is mass of an electron h is 18. Np(93) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 5 f 4 , 6d 1
subshells
have got
extra stability
Planck constant, E is total energy, V is potential energy of electron 19. Cm(96) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 5 f 7 , 6d 1
and is amplitude of an electron wave called wave function.
20. Lr(103) - [Rn], 7s 2 , 5 f 14 , 7 p 1
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN AND 2
Variable quantity It measures 2 probability 13 QUANTUM NUMBERS
describes the wave density at a point in an atom. Four quantum numbers are necessary to characterise
characteristics of a particle. completely particular electrons in a particular orbit.
It can be negative (here It can never be negative. A Principal quantum number (n) It defines the
positive or negative sign principal shell in which electron is revolving
defines direction of wave). Principal quantum number (n) 1, 2, 3, 4,
Letter designation K, L, M, N
9 ORBITAL SUBSHELL AND ORBIT Maximum number of electrons ( 2 n 2 ) 2, 8, 18, 32.
Orbital A three dimensional region in which probability of B Azimuthal quantum number (l ) It describe the
finding an electron is maximum. An orbital can accommodate name of subshell and shape of orbital in which
maximum of two electrons with exactly equal energy. electron is present can have value 0 to (n-1).
Subshell Aggregation or group of orbitals of exactly similar Azimuthal quantum number (l) 0, 1, 2, 3
energy. Subshells are named as s , p , d and f . Subshell s, p, d, f Shape Spherical,
dumbbell, double dumbbell, complicated
Orbit An orbit is an imaginary 2D circular path around the
nucleus, where probability of finding an electron is maximum. C Magnetic quantum number (m) It describes
the splitting of spectral lines under the influence
The maximum number of electrons in nth orbit, is equal to 2 n 2
of magnetic field. When n = 1, l = 0 and m = 0,
( n = number of orbit).
there exist one spherical s-orbital. When,
n = 2 , l = 1 and m = 1, 0, +1, there exists three
10 DEGENERATE AND degenerate p-orbitals. When n = 3, l = 2 and
NON-DEGENERATE ORBITALS m = 2 , 1 , 0 + 1 , +2 .
Orbitals which have same energy are called degenerate while There exists five degenerate d-orbitals.
orbitals which do not have same energy are called D Spin quantum number It describes the rotation
non-degenerate orbitals. e.g. p x , p y and p z Degenerate of electron either in clockwise or anti clockwise
orbitals s , p , d and f Non-degenerate orbitals direction on its own
axis. The spin quan-
11 RULES RELATED TO FILLING tum number is either
ELECTRONS IN ORBITALS 1 1
equal to + or . Clockwise Anti-clockwise
Aufbau principle Orbitals are filled up according to increase in 2 2
their energy. The order of increasing energy level can be
calculated by ( n + l ) rule, which states that 14 RADIAL NODE, ANGULAR
Lower the value of ( n + l ) for an orbital lower is its energy. NODE AND NODAL PLANE
If two orbitals have same value of ( n + l ), the orbital with A radial node is the spherical region around nucleus
lower value of n will be filled first. Order in which electrons where probability of finding an electron is zero as
are filled in orbitals is as follows 1s<2s<2p <3s < 3p < 4s < 3d shown in the figure for 2s orbital. Similarly, if such a
< 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s < 5f < 6d < 7p distribution is seen at an angle from the nucleus, the
Hunds rule The pairing of electrons in the orbitals of a node is called angular node. For an orbital, number
particular subshell (p, d or f ) does not take place until all the of nodes can be calculated as
orbitals of a subshell are singly occupied. Number of radial nodes = n l 1
Paulis exclusion principle No two electrons in an atom can be Number of angular nodes = l
represented by same values of all quantum numbers. Total nodes = n l
The number of radial nodes signifies
12 PERIODWISE EXCEPTIONAL
the energy of an orbital. Larger the
ELECTRONIC CONFIGURATION number of nodes, higher will be the
PERIOD-4 energy of orbital. 1s orbital
Number of radial node increases with
1. Cr(24) - [Ar], 3d 5 , 4 s 1 2. Cu(29) - [Ar], 3d 10 , 4 s 1
increase in principal quantum
PERIOD - 5 number.
3. Nb(41) - [Kr], 4 d 4 , 5s 1 4. Mo(42) - [Kr], 4 d 5 , 5s 1 A ns-orbital has ( n 1) radial nodes. 2s orbital
5. Ru(44) - [Kr], 4 d 7 , 5s 1 6. Rh(45) - [Kr], 4 d 8 , 5s 1 Nodal plane represents the plane having zero
7. Pd(46) - [Kr], 4 d 10 , 5s 0 8. Ag(47) - [Kr], 4 d 10 , 5s 1 probability of finding an electron.
 MEDI MASTER BASH

BEST QUESTIONS ON
ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS & ETHERS
FOR MEDICAL ENTRANCES

1. Consider the following reaction. 5. Consider the following statements.

Aqueous HI Anhydrous HI I. In the Victor-Meyer s test, the colour given by
B (CH3 )3 C OCH3 A 1, 2 and 3 alcohols are red, blue and
( Mix) ( Mix)
colourless, respectively.
Which of the following statements is correct II. Ethyl alcohol is also called grain alcohol.
regarding the above reaction? III. Phenol forms azo-dyes with benzenediazonium
(a) A and B are identical mixtures of CH 3 I and (CH 3 )3 COH chloride in acidic medium.
(b) A and B are identical mixtures of (CH 3 )3CCl and CH 3OH Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
(c) A is a mixture of CH 3 I and (CH 3 )3COH while B is a mixture of option.
CH 3OH and (CH 3 )3CCl (a) Only I (b) I and III (c) I and II (d) II and III
(d) A is a mixture of CH 3OH and (CH 3 )3CCl while B is a mixture 6. Hydroboration-oxidation, oxymercuration-
of CH 3I and (CH 3 )3COH
demercuration and acid catalysed hydration will
2. The conversion of m-nitrophenol to resorcinol give same product in
involves three steps, respectively
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) hydrolysis, diazotisation and reduction
(b) diazotisation, reduction and hydrolysis
(c) hydrolysis, reduction and diazotisation 7. Consider the following statements.
(d) reduction, diazotisation and hydrolysis I. Ethers dissolve in concentrated acids to form
3. For the following reaction, select the statement that their corresponding oxonium salts.
best describes the situation. II. Ethers react with lewis acid to form etherates.
RCH2 OH + PCC III. The cleavage of ethers by HI forms the basis of
+ Zeisels method.
(PCC = C5 H5 N HClCrO3- )
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
(a) The alcohol is oxidised to an acid and the Cr(VI) is reduced
option.
to Cr (III)
(a) Only I (b) I and II
(b) The alcohol is oxidised to an aldehyde, and the Cr(VI) is
reduced to Cr (III) (c) III and IV (d) All statements are correct
(c) The alcohol is reduced to an aldehyde, and the Cr(III) is 8. When phenol is treated with D2 SO4 / D2 O, some of
oxidised to Cr(VI)
the hydrogen gets exchanged. The final product in
(d) The alcohol is oxidised to a ketone, and the Cr(VI) is
this exchange reaction is
reduced to Cr(III)
OD OD
4. The following polyether is known as
D D D H

O
(a) (b)
O
H H H H
D D
OD OD
O
O
D H H H
(a) 12-crown-4 (b) 18-crown-6
(c) (d)
(c) 4-crown-8 (d) 8-crown-4
H D D D
H H

CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM AUGUST 2016 49

 9. Consider the following statements. 14. The major product of the following reaction is
I. The dipole moment of alcohols is lower than that CH3
of phenols. H2 SO4
H3 C C CH2 OH
II. Nitrous acid reacts with 1 aliphatic amine to

give 1 alcohol. OH
III. Lower alcohols are highly soluble in water. (a) (CH 3 )2C == CH 2
IV. The reaction of phenol with benzoyl chloride in (b) butan-2-one
presence of NaOH is called Schotten-Baumann (c) (CH 3 )2 C H CHO
reaction.
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct OH
option. (d) iso-butyraldehyde
(a) Only I (b) I and II
(c) II, III and IV (d) All are correct
15. Consider the following statements.
I. Glycerol, on oxidation with conc.HNO 3 gives
10. Among the following sets of reactants which one glyceric acid.
produces anisole? II. Glycerol, on oxidation with dil.HNO3 gives a
(a) CH 3CHO, RMgX mixture of glyceric and tartonic acid.
(b) C 6 H 5 OH, NaOH, CH 3 I
III. Glycerol, on reaction with oxalic acid at 110C
(c) C 6 H 5 OH, neutral FeCl 3
gives allyl alcohol.
(d) C 6 H 5 CH 3, CH 3COCl, AlCl 3
IV. Glycerol, on heating with potassium hydrogen
11. Consider the following statements. sulphate forms alkene.
I. Alkyl aryl ethers are less reactive than phenols Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
towards electrophilic substitution reactions. option.
II. Presence of peroxides in an old sample of ether (a) Only I
is detected by shaking it with a freshly prepared (b) I and II
solution of FeSO4 followed by addition of KCNS. (c) III and IV
(d) II and III
III. In the presence of air and light, ethers form
hydroperoxides. 16. Which one of the following statement(s) is/are
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct correct about phenol?
option. (a) Phenol turns blue litmus red
(a) Only I (b) II and III (b) It gives violet colouration with neutral FeCl 3
(c) Only III (d) All are correct (c) It produces white ppt. with bromine water
(d) All the above statements are correct
12. The alcohol that produce turbidity with Lucas
reagent at room temperature is 17. Consider the following statements.
(a) 1-hydroxybutane I. Phenol condenses with phthalic anhydride in
(b) 2-hydroxybutane the presence of conc.H2 SO4 to form
(c) 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropane phenolphthalein.
(d) 1-hydroxy-2-methylpropane II. Dimethyl ethers may be prepared by treating
alcohols with diazomethane in the presence of
13. Consider the following statements. HBF4 .
I. Change in colour of acidic solution of potassium III. Salol is used as an internal antiseptic.
dichromate by breath is used to test drunk
IV. Molasses is converted to ethanol by
drivers.
fermentation. The sequence of enzymes used
II. Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water due are zymase, invertase and diastase.
to covalent character.
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
III. Halogenation of ethers with Cl 2 or Br2 occurs in option.
the dark giving a-halo and a, a-dihalo ethers.
(a) Only I
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct (b) II and III
option. (c) III and IV
(a) Only I (b) II and III (d) I, II and III
(c) I and III (d) All are correct

50
18. Match the items given in Column I with the items 21. Consider the following statements.
given in Column II and mark the correct option from I. Phenol is soluble in aq.NaOH and does not
the code given below. evolve CO2 with aq.NaHCO3 .
II. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidised to
Column I Column II
ketones, which are further oxidised to acids with
(Phenol/Ether) (Structure) the same number of C-atoms.
A. Anethole p. OH
III. Glycerol is an alcohol which can be classified as
OCH3 monohydric alcohol.
IV. Boiling point of alcohol is comparatively higher
than that of corresponding alkane due to
CH2CH==CH2 intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
B. Eugenal q. OH Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
option.
(a) Only I (b) I and II
(c) I, II and III (d) All are correct

CH==CHCH3 22. Consider the following reaction.

(CH3 )3 CCl Cl2 / FeCl3 HBr
OH
C. Tymol r. Anisole A B C
OCH3 Anhy. AlCl3 D

The product C in the above series of reaction is

OCH3 Br
CHO Br Cl
OH (a) (b)
D. Vanillin s.
CH(CH3)2

C(CH3)3 C(CH3)3
H3C Br OH

Br Cl
Codes
(c) (d)
A B C D A B C D
(a) q p s r (b) r q p s
(c) p r q s (d) s q r p C(CH3)3 C(CH3)3

19. Consider the following statements. 23. Match the chemical conversion in Column I with
I. A simple method to remove peroxides from the appropriate reagent in Column II and select the
ethers is to treat them with an aqueous solution correct option using the code given below the
of Br2 . columns.
II. Williamsons synthesis of preparing dimethyl
ether is free radical substitution. Column I Column II

III. t-butylmethyl ether is not prepared by the A. p. (i) Hg(OAl)2 ; (ii) NaBH4
Cl
reaction of t-butyl bromide with sodium
methoxide. B. + q. NaOEt
ONa OEt
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the
correct option. C. OH r. EtBr
(a) Only I (b) Only III
(c) I and II (d) All are correct D. s. (i) BH3 ;
20. An organic compound, C3 H 6 O does not give a (ii) H2O 2 / NaOH

precipitate with 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine OH

reagent and does not react with metallic sodium. It
Codes
could be A B C D A B C D
(a) CH 3 CH 2 CHO (b) CH 2 == CH CH 2OH
(a) q r p s (b) s p q r
(c) CH 3 CO CH 3 (d) CH 2 == CH O CH 3
(c) p r q s (d) s r p q

51
24. Which one of the following compounds has the most 29. Consider the following reaction sequence.
acidic nature? Cl
Mg/ether HCHO
OH A B
H3O+
CH CH2OH Br
(a) (b) The final product formed B is
Br Cl
OH OH
(a) (b)
(c) (d)
CH2OH CH2OH

25. Consider the following reaction. HOH2C OHC

PBr3 Alc.KOH (c) (d)

Ethanol
X
(i) H2 SO4 , room temp. CH2OH CH2OH
Y Z
(ii) H2 O, heat 30. Consider the following statements.
The product Z is, I. Glycol is used to prepare polyesters.
(a) CH 2 == CH 2 (b) CH 3CH 2 OCH 2CH 3 II. Oxo-process is also called carbonylation or
(c) CH 3CH 2 O SO 3 H (d) CH 3CH 2OH
hydroformylation reaction.
III. The oil of winter green is ethyl salicylate.
26. Consider the following statements. IV. Phenol reacts with NH 3 in the presence of
I. Conversion of ethyl alcohol into acetaldehyde is anhydride ZnCl2 to give aniline.
an example of hydrolysis. Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
II. Glycol can be used as an antifreeze in an option.
automobile radiator. (a) Only I (b) II and III
III. The correct order of dehydration of alcohols is (c) I, II and IV (d) All are correct
1 > 2 > 3.
IV. Denatured alcohol is a mixture of ethanol and 31. Consider oxidation of following alcohols.
methanol. A
I. CH2 == CHCH2 OH
CH2 == CHCHO
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
B
option. II. (CH3 )3 COH CH3 C == CH2
(a) Only II (b) I and III (c) II and IV (d) All are correct
CH3
27. Select the ether among the following that yields C
methanol as one of the products on reaction with III. CH3 CH2 OH CH3 COOH
cold hydroiodic acid. D
IV. CH3 CH == CHCH3 CH3 COOH
(a) 1-methoxybutane
(b) 1-methoxy-2-methylpropane A, B, C and D are oxidising agents which are
(c) 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane respectively.
(d) Methoxybenzene A B C D
(a) MnO 2 Cu / D H 2CrO 4 KMnO 4 / D
28. Consider the following reactions. (b) Cu / D MnO 2 H 2CrO 4 KMnO 4 / D
(c) MnO 2 Cu / D KMnO 4 / D H 2CrO 4
=CH
2
CH2CH3 CH= CH2CH2OH
(d) MnO 2 H 2CrO 4 Cu / D KMnO 4
C A
OH 32. Give the decreasing order of reactivity of the
following compounds with HBr.
B
OH
CHCH3

OH OH H3 C OH

Select the schemes A, B and C out of I II

I. acid catalysed hydration.
II. hydroboration-oxidation. MeO OH OH
III. oxymercuration-demercuration. III IV
MeO
And select the correct option.
(a) III > IV > II > I (b) III > II > IV > I
(a) I in all case (b) I, II and III (c) II, III and I (d) III, I and II (c) II > III > IV > I (d) III > II > I > IV

52
33. Power alcohol is Codes
(a) rectified spirit : benzene = 80:20 A B C D E
(b) rectified spirit : benzene = 20:80 (a) q p r s t
(c) absolute alcohol : petrol = 80 : 20 (b) s t q p r
(d) absolute alcohol : petrol = 20 : 80 (c) t s p q r
34. Which one of the following reactions is possible? (d) p q r s t
(a) Me 3C ONa + Me 3C Br Me 3C O CMe 3 37. Consider the following reaction sequence.
(b) Me 2CH ONa + Me 2CHBr Me 2CH O CHMe 2
(c) PhONa + PhBr PhOPh (i) Mg/Hg + H2O H2SO4
B C
(d) PhONa + CH 3Br PhOCH 3 Me Me

35. Which one of the following statements is wrong about the The final product formed in the above reaction
following reaction? is
(i) BBr3 Me
PhOEt Products
(ii) H2 O (a) (b)
Me Me
(a) BBr3 plays a role similar as the H in HI by forming a complex with
Me Me
the ether Ph +
O BBr2 Br Me Me
Ph
(b) The liberated Br - attacks at Et, displacing PhOBBr2, which is
(c) (d)
ultimately hydrolysed to give the products Me Me
(c) The products are PhOH + EtBr + H 3 BO 3
(d) The products are PhBr + EtOH + H 3BO 3 38. Consider the following reaction sequence.
36. Match the following Column I with Column II and mark Me HNO2 RCO3H LAH
the correct option from the codes given below. Me A B C
NH2
OH
Column I Column II
(Reaction) (Name of reaction)
The products formed in above reaction
A, B and C , respectively are
O OH
Me
Me Me

A. p. Dakin reaction (a) Me ; Me ; Me
Benzene
200C O OH
OH
O
Me Me Me
OC CH3 OH O
(b) Me ; Me ; Me
AlCl3 CH3 O OH
B. q. Kolbe-Schmitt reaction
>100C OH

Me Me Me Me Me
ONa OH Me
O (c) ; ;
COOH O OH
(i) (390-410)K
C + C r. Reimer-Tiemann reaction OH
(ii) HCl Me
Me Me Me Me
O
(d) ; ;
O OH
CHO OH OH
(i) H2O + NaOH Me
D. s. Claisen rearrangement
(ii) H3O+ reaction
OH OH 39. An organic compound X is oxidised by using
340 K acidified K2 Cr2 O7. The product obtained reacts
E. Phenol + CHCl3 + aq. NaOH
with phenyl hydrazine but does not gives silver
OH OH
mirror test. The possible structure of X is
CHO
(a) CH 3CH 2OH
+ t. Fries rearrangement
reaction
(b) (CH 3 )2CHOH
(c) CH 3COCH 3
CHO (d) CH 3CHO

53
40. Consider the following statements. A B
(c) Benzene-1,2-diol OH
I. CF3 OH is more acidic than CH3 OH.
C COOK
II. Alcohol can be protonated by a strong halogen
acid to form an oxonium ion.
(d) Benzene-1, 2-diol OH OH
III. Oxymercuration-demercuration of alkene gives
alcohol by rearrangement. + benzene-1,4-diol CH2OH COOK

Choose the correct statement(s) and mark the +

correct option.
(a) Only I (b) I and II 44. Consider the following reaction sequence.
(c) I and III (d) I, II and III
Zn dust CH3 Cl
Phenol X
41. Match the items given in the Column I with items Anhy AlCl3
given in Column II and mark the correct option from
Alk KMnO4
the codes given below. Y Z

Column I Column II The product Z is

A. CH3OH p. Gives ketone on reaction with Cu (a) benzene (b) benzaldehyde
B. CH3CH2OH q. Gives white ppt. with Lucas reagent (c) toluene (d) benzoic acid
immediately 45. Consider the following reactions.
C. (CH3 )2CHOH r. Cannot be synthesised using Grignard
CH3
reagent
D. (CH3 )3COH s. Gives iodoform test
H + / Heat
I. CH3 C H C H CH3
Codes
A B C D A B C D
OH
(a) r s p q (b) r p q s
A + B
Major product Minor product
(c) q r p s (d) s r q p
HBr, dark
42. Arrange the following compounds in increasing II. A C + D
In absence of peroxide Major product Minor product
order of boiling point.
Propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol, butan-2-ol, pentan-1-ol The major product (A) and (C), respectively are
CH 3 CH 3
I II III IV

(a) I < III< II< IV (b) I<II< III<IV (a) CH 2 == C CH 2CH 3 and CH 3 C CH 2CH 3
(c) IV<II<III<I (d) IV< III< II< I
Br
43. Consider the following reactions. CH 3 CH 3
OH
(b) CH 2 == C CH 2CH 3 and C H 2 C H CH 2CH 3
K2S2O8, KOH
I. A
Br
CH 3 CH 3
OH

(c) CH 3 C == CH CH 3 and CH 3 C CH 2CH 3
CHCl3 50% KOH
II. X B
KOH Br
CH 3 CH 3
The final product formed in above reactions are
(d) CH 3 C == CH 2 and CH 3 C H C H CH 3
A B
(a) Benzene-1,2-diol OH OH Br
CH2 46. Consider the following reactions.
CH3
I. O + HBr A
(b) Benzene-1,4-diol OH
CH3 COOK Heated
+ II. CH3CHCH2OCH2CH3 + HI B

CH3

54
 Alcohols formed in the above reaction respectively Column I Column II
are (Compound) (Order of acidity)
A B A. m-nitrophenol, p -nitrophenol, p. II > I > III
CH3 o-nitrophenol
CH3
B. Phenol, methyl phenol, q. II > III > I
(a) Br ; CH3CHCH2OH p -nitrophenol
OH C. Aceticacid, 2. 4, r. III > I > II
CH3 6-trinitrophenol, phenol
(b) OH ; CH3CH2OH
Codes
Br
CH3 A B C A B C
CH3
(a) p r q (b) q r p
(c) ; CH3CHCH2OH
(c) r q p (d) p q r
CH3 49. An organic compound A on treatment with CHCl3
(d) Br ; CH3CH2OH
and KOH gives two compound B and C. Both B and
C give the same product D when distilled with zinc
47. The order of reactivity of the following alcohols. dust. Oxidation of D gives E having molecular
CH3 formula C 7 H6 O2. The sodium salt of E on heating
CH3 with soda-lime gives F which may also be obtained
F OH F by distilling A with zinc dust. Identify the final
I II OH product formed, i.e. E.
COOH CHO
CH3 CH3
CH3 CH3

OH (a) (b) (c) (d)

III IV
towards conc HCl is
(a) IV > III > I > II (b) I > III > II > IV
50. Which alcohol of molecular formula C4 H9 OH cannot
(c) I > II > III > IV (d) IV > III > II > I be obtained by the reduction of carbonyl compound?
(a) 2-methylpropan-1-ol (b) 2-methylpropan-2-ol
48. Match the following Column I with Column II and (c) Butanol (d) Butan-2-ol
mark the correct option from the codes given below.

Answers with Explanation

1. (c) Thinking process 2. (d)
The low polarity of solvent (ether) in reaction (I) favours OH OH OH
S N2 mechanism and the nucleophile I - attacks at the primary
carbon of (Me) group. Sn/HCl NaNO2/HCl
The high polarity of solvent ( H 2O) in reaction (II) favours an Reduction 273-278K +
NO2 (Step-I) NH2 Diazotisation N2Cl
SN 1 mechanism giving the 3-carbocation and the nucleophile m-nitrophenol OH
(Step-II)
I - -attacks at the 3 carbocation of (Me 3C ) group.
+
t -butyl methyl ether with aqueous or conc.HI, proceeds via H3O,
Hydrolysis
SN 1 mechanism while with anhydrous HI/ether, via S N2 (Step-III) OH
mechanism, e.g. Resorcinol
3. (b) RCH 2OH + Cr(VI) RCHO + Cr(III)
Me Me r Me
Me Anhydrous (In PCC)
O Me O + I
Me HI Me SN2
(Reaction I) Me On oxidation, 1 alcohols first give aldehydes and then
Me
(Reaction II) aq. HI H carboxylic acids both with same number of C-atoms as the
OH + MeI
Me original alcohols have. Oxidation can, however be stopped at
Me Me Me Me Me
I the aldehyde stage by using either Coreys reagent, i.e.
O + MeOH I
Me r Me +
Me Me Me
Me Pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC, C 5 H 5 NHClCrO -3 ) or
pyridinium dichromate (PDC, (C 5 H 5 NH)22 + Cr2O 27 - ) in CH 2Cl 2
as the oxidising agent.

55
 4. (a) 12-crown-4 10. (b) OH ONa OCH3
X crown Y
+ NaOH CH3I
SN2
Total number of Number of Phenol Sodium Anisole
carbon and oxygen
oxygen atoms atoms phenoxide
11. (d) All the given statements are correct.
5. (c) (I) Victor-Meyers Test This test is used to distinguish I. I-effect of alkoxy group (OR) > -I-effect of hydroxy group
whether a given alcohol is 1, 2 or 3 . for the determination of ( OH ). Thus, alkyl aryl ethers have less electron density
this a series of reactions are involved : at ortho and para-positions than that of phenols which
Given alcohol
Red P + I 2
Iodo alkane
AgNO2
Nitroalkane
results in their less reactivity than phenols towards
HNO2
electrophilic substitution reaction.
Nitrolic acid II. Old Sample of ether + freshly prepared solution of
alkali FeSO 4 .
Shaking
Blood red Blue colour Colourless Adding KCNS
colour 2-alcohol 3-alcohol
1-alcohol
6. (c) The alkene given in option (c) is a symmetric alkene,
Blood red colouration
\ It gives same product with all the three methods.
This blood red colouration confirms presence of
7. (d) peroxide.
I. Ethers act as Lewis bases and hence, dissolve in III. In the presence of air and light, ethers form
concentrated acids to form their corresponding oxonium hydroperoxides which decompose violently on heating
salts. and causes accidents.
II. Being Lewis bases, ethers react with Lewis acids such
as BF3, AlCl 3, FeCl 3, Grignard reagents, etc. to form 12. (c) Tertiary alcohol gives turbidity immediately with Lucas
reagent. 2-hydroxy-2-methyl propane is a tertiary alcohol.
coordinate complexes called etherates.
III. Zeisels method is used for detection of alkoxy group 13. (c)
(methoxy, ethoxy) in an organic compound.
I. Change in colour is due to the complexation of alcohol
8. (a) Thinking process In acidic medium, phenol exists in the with potassium dichromate.
following resonating structures. II. Methanol and ethanol are miscible in water because
+ + + they show hydrogen bonding with water molecules.
OH OH OH OH
III. Statement is correct for example.
Cl
Cl dark

CH 3CH 2OCH 2CH 3 2 CH 3CH 2OCHCH 3
-HCl a - chlorodiethyl ether
As ortho, para-positions are electron rich sites, so electrophile
will attack on these sites, i.e. hydrogen of these sites get Cl2 dark
exchanged by D(deuterium).
Cl Cl
OH O O

H H D CH 3 C H O C H CH 3 + HCl
Tautomerisation D SO Tautomerisation
H 2 4 D
D2O a, a-dichlorodiethyl ether

OD OD
However, in the presence of light and excess of chlorine,
all the hydrogen atoms are substituted to give
D D Repeats at o D
and p-positions
perchlorodiethyl ether.

14. (d) CH3 CH3

H H
H+
CH3CCH2OH CH3CCH2OH
D H2O
OH +OH2
9. (c) The C O bond in phenols is less polar due to electron CH3 CH3 CH3
withdrawing effect of the benzene ring while in alcohols Hydride ion +
CH3CCHOH CH3CHCHOH CH3CHCHO
C O bond is more polar due to + I-effect of the alkyl group. + transfer H+
iso-butyraldehyde
Therefore, dipole moment of phenols is lower than that of H
alcohols.

56
15. (b) Thinking process 19. (b) I. R X RONa
R O R
When oxalic acid is heated with glycerol at 110C, it
Represents a Williamsons synthesis. It involves nucleophilic
forms glycerol mono-oxalate which loses a molecule of
CO 2 to give glycerol monoformate which in turn on substitution of the halide ion by alkoxide ion to form the alkyl
hydrolysis gives formic acid. halide via SN 2 mechanism.
At 230C, oxalic acid reacts with glycerol to form glycerol II. Ether peroxide oxidises KI into I 2 and itself gets reduced
dioxalate which loses two molecules of CO 2 to give allyl
alcohol. to ether. Therefore, KI is added to remove peroxide from
I, II- Different oxidising agents give different oxidation ether.
products on reaction with glycerol: 2I - I 2 + 2e -
CH2OH CH2CHO COOH
ether peroxide + 2e - Ether + O 2
[O] [O]
CHOH CHOH CHOH III. As methoxide on is a strong base hence 3-alkyl halide

CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH undergoes elimination reaction instead of nucleophilic
Glycerol Glyceraldehyde Glyceric acid substitution reaction.
[O] CH 3

COOH CH 3 C Br + CH 3ONa CH 3 C == CH 2

CHOH CH 3 CH 3

COOH 2-methylpropene
Tartonic acid + NaBr + CH 3OH
Concentrated HNO 3, oxidises glycerol mainly into 20. (d) Thinking process
glyceric acid. Since, the compound does not give a precipitate with
Dilute HNO 3, oxidises glycerol into glyceric acid and 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine therefore, it cannot be an
tartonic acid aldehyde or a ketone.
III. At 230C, glycerol with oxalic acid, gives allyl alcohol. Further, since it does not react with metallic sodium, therefore,
it cannot be an alcohol.
CH2O H HO OC CH2OCO CH2
+
The compound C 3 H 6 O must be an ether,
230C
CHO H HO OC CHOCO CH + 2CO2 i.e. CH 2 == CH OCH 3.
H2O
CH2OH Oxalic acid CH2OH
CH2OH 21. (c)
Allyl alcohol
I. Phenol is a weak acid. It reacts with NaOH to produce
110C salt.
HOCH2CHOHCH2OH + HOOCCOOH
C 6 H 5 OH + NaOH C 6 H 5ONa + H 2O
CH2OOCCOOH HOH2CCHOHCH2OOCH Sodium phenoxide
CO2
CHOH OH H But it is not sufficiently acidic to evolve CO 2 from
HOH NaHCO 3.
CH2OH
HCOOH + HOH2CCHOHCH2OH II. Secondary alcohols are easily oxidised to ketone with
same number of carbon atoms, but ketone further,
IV. Glycerol, on heating with KHSO 4 gives Acrolein. oxidised to carboxylic acid containing lesser number of
CH 2OH CH 2 carbon atoms than the original alcohol.
H3C H3C
KHSO 4 K2Cr2O7/H2SO4 K2Cr2O7/H2SO4
CHOH CH + 2H 2O CHOH C==O
D H2O H2O
H3C H3C
Acetone
CH 2OH CHO (3-carbon)
Acrolein CH3COOH + CO2 + H2O
Acetic acid
16. (d) All given statements about phenol are correct. (2-carbon)

17. (d) Fermentation of Molasses III. Glycerol is trihydric alcohol. It is

Invertase CH 2OH CHOH CH 2OH. It contains three hydroxyl
C 12 H 22O11 + H 2O C 6 H12O 6 + C 6 H12O 6
groups.
Glucose Fructose
Zymase IV. Because of intermolecular hydrogen bonding in
C 6 H12O 6
2C 2 H 5OH + 2CO 2
alcohols, they exist as associated molecules
Glucose consequently, a large amount of energy is required to
break these bonds and, therefore their boiling points are
18. (a) A-q, B-p, C-s, D-r
higher than that of the corresponding hydrocarbons.

57
 OCH3 OH
22. (d)
OCH3 OCH3 OCH3 OH
Cold
(d) + HI + CH3I
Cl Cl
(CH3)3CCl Cl2
Anhy. AlCl3 FeCl3 HBr
28. (c)
Anisole
C(CH3)3 C(CH3)3 C(CH3)3
I. Hydration by Markownikoffs rule with rearrangement.
(C) II. Hydration by anti-Markownikoffs rule.
23. (a) A-q, B-r, C-p, D-s III. Hydration by Markownikoffs rule.
C-p - Markownikoff addition of H 2O Thus, A, B, C = II, III, I.

D-s - Anti-Markownikoff addition of H 2O 29. (b)

24. (c) Phenoxide ion is more resonance stabilised, therefore phenol Mg/ether
Cl Br Cl MgBr
is more acidic in nature.
PBr3 Alc.KOH HCHO/H3O+
25. (d) 3CH 3CH 2OH 3CH 3CH 2Br
Ethanol - H 3 PO 3 (X) - 3HBr BE of (CBr) < B.E of (CCl) Cl
Hence Mg reacts here.
(i) H SO , room temp
2 4 3CH CH OH
3CH 2 == CH 2 3 2
(Y ) (ii) H 2O, heat Ethanol CH2OH
(Z )
30. (c)
26. (a)
III. Methyl salicylate is the oil of winter green.
I. Ethyl alcohol is oxidised to produce acetaldehyde
[O] 31. (d)
CH 3CH 2OH CH 3CHO + H 2O
Thus, the above conversion is an example of oxidation.
32. (d) Short Trick Electron donating group favours while
electron withdrawing group retards S N1 reactivity with HBr.
II. Glycol has very low volatility as compared to other
automobile radiators (methanol and water). Thus, it can be Electron donating effect of ( OMe) group (+ R, - I ) is
used as an automobile radiator. greater than ( Me) group (+ I-effect). So, reactivity of III >
III. Dehydration of alcohols involves the formation of II.
carbocation intermediates. More the stability of In (IV), (- OMe) group at m-position exerts only-I-effect and
carbocation, more will be the ease of dehydration of so reactivity of (IV) is less than that of (I)
alcohols. The order of stability of carbocation is 3>2>1.
Therefore, the order of ease of dehydration of alcohols is So, reactivity order is III > II > I > IV.
3>2>1. 33. (d) Power alcohol is, absolute alcohol : Petrol = 20 : 80
IV. Denatured alcohol is rectified spirit + methanol + naphthol.
34. (d) Short Trick Six types of ethers cannot be prepared by
27. (c) Thinking process Williamsons synthesis.
According to Zeisel method when an ether reacts with cold HI, alkyl
iodide and alcohol are formed. RX RONa
In case of asymmetrical ether, the alkyl halide is always formed from (Nature of carbon attached (Nature of carbon attached
the smaller alkyl group provided no tertiary (3) alkyl group is present to halogen atom)) to oxygen atom)
and if any 3 alkyl group is present, the halogen gas attached with it. (i) 2 2
In case of alkyl aryl ethers, the products are always phenol and an (ii) 2 3
alkyl halide. 3 2
Cold (iii) 3 3
(a) CH 3 O C 4H 9 + HI CH 3 I + C 4H 9OH
(iv) Aromatic Aromatic
Cold (v) Vinyl Vinyl
(b) CH 3 O CH 2 C H CH 3 + HI
(vi) Neopentyl Neopentyl
CH 3 -+
(a) Not feasible, RX = 3, R O Na = 3
CH 3 I + CH 3 C H CH 2 OH
-+
(b) Not feasible, RX = 2, R O Na = 2
CH 3
-+
OCH 3 CH 3 (c) Not feasible between ArX and Ar O Na
Cold -+
(c) CH 3 C CH 3 + HI CH 3OH + CH 3 C I (d) Feasible, RX = 1 and Ar O Na

CH 3 CH 3

58
 Br I. CF3OH is more acidic than CH 3OH because strong
35. (c) 40.
B
electron-withdrawing effects of the three fluorine atoms
Ph in CF3-group delocalise the negative charge on oxygen.
Br Br O
+
BBr2 Br EtBr + PhOBBr2
PhO Et +
Et I III. In oxymercuration-demercuration, product forms in
accordance with Markownikoffs rule and without
H OH H2O
PhO BBr2 PhOH + B (OH) Br2 formation of carbocation. Thus, rearrangement does not
II occur.
OH
41. (a) A-r, B-s, C-p, D-q.
OH B OH 2H2O
H H H3BO3 + 2 HBr 42. (a) The boiling point increases as the molecular mass of
Br Br III the alcohol increases. Further, among isomeric alcohols,
Hence, products are I, II and III, i.e. EtBr, PhOH and H 3 BO 3, 1 alcohols have higher boiling points than 2 alcohols. In
respectively. other words, the boiling point increases in the following order:
propan-1-ol < butan-2-ol < butan-1-ol < pentan-1-ol.
36. (b) Fries rearrangement reaction.
I III II IV
Phenolic esters with AlCl 3 gives o-and p-acyl phenol. At a low
temperature (<100C), para form predominates and at a high 43. (d) OH OH OH
temperature (> 100C), ortho form predominates. OH
K2S2O8
37. (a) I.
KOH,
+
4
3 5 Mg /Hg Benzene-1, 2-diol
1 OH
Me 2 4 6 Me 2
3 5 6 H3 O+
1 Benzene-1, 4-diol
Me Me (pinacol
OO OH OH OH
formation)
Pinacol- CHO CH2OH
pinacolone CHCl3 50% KOH
Me II.
Me Me rearrangment Me Methyl shift KOH Cannizaro's
+H+ r reaction
HO HO Me HO +H+ Me C Phenol
B +H2O Salicylaldehyde OH

38. (a) COOK

+
Me HNO2 Me
Me Me
NH2 +N N
N2 44. (d)
OH OH OH CH3 COOH
Me
Zn dust CH3Cl Alkaline
Me CC bond breaks H+
Me ZnO Anhydrous KMnO4
Me + ring expansion +
AlCl3
OH takes place Benzene Toluene Benzoic acid
OH (X) (Y) (Z)
Me Me Me CH 3
Me RCOOOH LAH
(Baeyer-Villiger) Me O Me H+
OH
45. (c) CH 3 C H C H CH 3

reaction
(Cyclic ester) OH D
A C
Lactone OH
B
CH 3 C == CH CH 3 + CH 3 C H CH == CH 2
39. (b) Thinking process
The oxidation product of X reacts with phenyl hydrazine, thus, it C H3 CH 3
must contain C ==O group. (A) (B)
The same product does not give silver mirror test, thus it is a Major Minor
ketone because only aldehydes give this test. CH 3 CH 3
Thus, the compound X must be a 2 alcohol, as only
secondary alcohols give ketones on oxidation and hence, X is HBr (dark)
H 3C C == CH CH 3 CH 3 C CH 2 CH 3
(CH 3 )2CHOH . Major
H Br
C6H5NHNH2 ( C ) Major
[O]
(CH3)2CHOH CH3CCH3 (CH3)2C==NNC6H5 CH 3
K2Cr2O7 +
Propanone Phenyl hydrazone
H2SO4
Tollen's +CH 3 C C H CH 3
reagent
Silver mirror is H Br
not formed ( D ) Minor

To be Continued at Page 69

59
 Why the metallic titanium is used in jet engines and other
components of modern airplanes?
n
The metallic titanium has an unusually high ratio of strength to weight. It
is considerably stronger than either of aluminium or steel. Its density is
intermediate between Al and Fe.
n
Titanium is extremely resistant to corrosion by air, soil, sea water and
even reactive chemicals such as HNO 3 and Cl 2 gas. Like aluminium, it
forms thin, tightly adherent oxide layer that protects the metal from
further attack.
Low cost chemical sensors, made from chemically altered
n
These properties of titanium make it useful in spacecraft of all types, it is
widely used in jet engines and other components of modern airplanes.
n
Titanium and its compounds are nontoxic. These features account for
the use of the metal in knee and hip replacements as well as dental
implants. Thus, titanium is a metal of all purposes. Titanium has certain
limitations. It is far more expensive than aluminium or steel, selling for
about 700 rupees per kilogram. The high cost of extracting it from its
ore (ilmenite) makes it very unlikely, that you rarely, have seen it in a
machine used for cutting the grass on a lawn or kitchen sinks made out
of titanium.
Why burn from steam is more painful than that from boiling water?
n
Water turns into steam at 100C. So, boiling water could not have
temperature greater than 100C, while steam can have temperature
greater than 100C. When steam hits on your skin, a lot of energy
released as it condenses into liquid (undergoing a phase change). This
energy causes more painful burn than if the same amount of boiling
water hits on your skin. After hitting your skin, the temperature of boiling
water would decrease to your skins temperature but would not have
undergo phase change.
n
The loss of energy that is released from steam hitting your skin occurs
quickly and in a small localised area, therefore causing damage to your
cells.
Group 2 metal ions also form coordination compounds.
n
The group 2 metal ions (M 2 + ) are smaller and have twice the charge
than that of group1 metal ions ( M + ). This means that electron densities
on group 2 cations are much lower than those on group 1 cations. As a
result group 2 coordination chemistry is more extensive than that of
group 1. The most important ligands are those with oxygen and
nitrogen donor atoms.
n
The increasing size of the M 2 + ions down the group influences the
coordination number, which is the number of atoms that are
coordinated to metal ion. Be 2 + typically has a coordination number of
4, Mg 2 + has a coordination number of 6, whereas the coordination
numbers of Ca 2 + , Sr 2 + and Ba 2 + can be higher. Group 2 cations are
strongly hydrated in aqueous solution, water molecules are
coordinated to the cations,
60 AUGUST 2016 CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM
[Be(H2O)4 ]2 + ( aq ) + H2O( l )
- [Be(H2O)3 (OH)]+ (aq ) + H3O + ( aq )
n
The charge density on the small Be 2 + cation is so large that in
solution the ion is always coordinated and in aqueous solution it
forms [Be(H2O)4 ] 2 + ions.
n
Unlike the other group 2 cations, solutions of Be 2 + are acidic
because of hydrolysis. The high charge density on the beryllium
ion polarises the OH bonds of the coordinated water molecules,
so that H+ ions are more easily removed.
carbon nanotubes enable smart phones or other wireless
devices to detect trace amounts of toxic gases.
n
The researchers design light weight, inexpensive radiofrequency
identification badges to be used for personal safety and security.
Such badges could be worn by soldiers on the battlefield to rapidly
detect the presence of chemical weapons, such as nerve gas or
choking agents.
n
The sensor is a circuit loaded with carbon nanotubes, which are
normally highly conductive but have been wrapped in an insulating
material that keeps them in a highly resistive state. When exposed
to certain toxic gases, the insulating material breaks apart and the
nanotubes become significantly more conductive. This sends a
signal that is readable by a smartphone with near-field
communication technology, which allows devices to transmit data
over short distances.
n
These sensors are sensitive enough to detect less than 10 parts
per million of target toxic gases in about five seconds.
n
Moreover, the sensors each cost about a nickel to make; roughly
4 million sensors can be made from about 1 g of carbon nanotube
materials. You really cannot make anything cheaper.
n
Thats a way of getting distributed sensing into many peoples
hands.
n
These inexpensive, wireless sensors are called chemiresistors,
that have detected spoiled meat and the ripeness of fruits.
n
All of these sensors are designed similarly, with carbon nanotubes
that are chemically modified, so that their ability to carry an electric
current changes when exposed to a target chemical.
n
This time, the researchers designed sensors highly sensitive to
electrophiles, which are often toxic and used for chemical
weapons.
n
According to the researchers, such a wireless system could be
used to detect leaks of lithium thionyl chloride (Li SOCl 2 )
batteries, which are used in medical instruments, fire alarms and
military systems.
1. A in B was the first to explain quantitatively the I II III IV I II III IV
(a) T F T F (b) F T F T
general features of hydrogen atom structure and its
(c) T T F F (d) F T T F
spectrum. Choose an appropriate word to complete
the statement. 5. Transition of the electron in the hydrogen atom is
(a) A Rydberg; B 1913 shown in the given figure.
(b) A Neils Bohr; B 1913
n=
(c) A de-Broglie; B 1915 n=6
(d) A Neils Bohr; B 1915
n=5
I (infrared)
2. The electron in the hydrogen atom can move around n=4
the nucleus in a circular path of the fixed radius and
energy. These are called A n=3

Here A refer to II (visible)

(a) orbits (b) orbitals n=2
Red
Green
Blue
Violet

(c) circular paths (d) None of these

3. The energy of an electron in the orbit

Energy

(a) does not change with time

(b) changes with time
(c) sometimes change and sometimes not
(d) None of the above
III (ultraviolet)
4. Consider the following statements.
I. The Lyman series is observed in ultraviolet
region.
II. The Brackett series is observed in visible
region. n=1
III. The Pfund series is observed in infrared region. Identify I, II, III in the above figure.
IV. The Balmer series is observed in infrared I II III
region. (a) Lyman series; Paschen series; Balmer series
(b) Paschen series; Lyman series; Balmer series
Mark the above statements as true and false and
(c) Paschen series; Balmer series; Lyman series
choose the correct option. (d) Balmer series; Lyman series; Paschen series

CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM AUGUST 2016 61

 MASTER THE NCERT
6. Consider the following statements. Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
I. According to Bohr s postulate, the energy option
change does not take place in a continuous (a) Only I (b) II and III
manner with in the orbit. (c) I and III (d) All are correct

II. Angular momentum is the product of inertia (I) 12. The most important property associated with the
and angular velocity (w). electron, is the energy of its stationary state. It is
III. Linear momentum is the product of mass(m) and given by the expression
linear velocity (v). (a) E n = RH n2; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct (b) E n = - RH n2; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
1
option. (c) E n = RH 2 ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
(a) Only I (b) II and III n
1
(c) I and IV (d) All are correct (d) E n = - RH 2 ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
n
7. Which of the following expression is commonly
1
known as Bohrs frequency rule? 13. In expression En = - RH , (n = 1, 2, 3 ), RH is
(a) v = DE h = ( E 2 - E1 ) h n2
DE E 2 - E1 called A and its value is B . The energy of
(b) v = =
h h the lowest state also called C . Here A, B, C ,
v respectively are
(c) = DE + h = ( E 2 - E1 ) + h
h (a) Rydberg constant ; 2.18 10 -18 J ; Ground state
DE E1 - E 2 (b) Bohr constant ; - 2.18 10 -18 J ; First state
(d) v = =
2 2 (c) Rydberg constant ; - 2.18 10 -18 J ; Last state
(d) Bohr constant ; 2.18 10 -18 J ; Lower state
8. The angular momentum of an electron in a given
stationary state can be expressed as 14. Consider the following statements.
Me v h
(a) = n ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 ) I. Energy of electron in the orbit is quantised.
r 2p
h II. Angular momentum of the electron in the
(b) Me vr = n ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
2p orbital is quantised.
nhr III. Energy of electron decreases with increase in
(c) Me v = ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 )
2p the value of principle quantum number.
h
(d) Me vr = ; ( n = 1, 2, 3 ) Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
2 pn
option.
9. The stationary states for an electron are numbered (a) Only I (b) I and II
n = 1, 2, 3 .These integral numbers are known as A. (c) II and III (d) I, II and III
Here A refers to
15. The energy of the electron in a hydrogen atom has a
(a) azimuthal quantum number
negative sign because
(b) principal quantum number
(a) the energy of the electron in the atom is lower than the
(c) spin quantum number
energy of a free electron at rest
(d) None of the above
(b) the energy value assigned to free electron at rest is zero
10. Which of the following is the correct expression for (c) a free electron at rest is an electron that is infinitely far away
radii of the stationary states? from the nucleus
(a) rn = n2a 0 (b) rn = n2 + a 0 (d) (a), (b) and (c) together forms the valid reason for the given
n2 fact
2
(c) rn = n - a 0 (d) rn =
a0 16. When the electron is free from the influence of
nucleus, the energy is taken as A.
11. Consider the following statements.
Here, A refer to
I. The value of a0 in rn = n2 a0 is 52.9 nm.
(a) zero (b) one
II. The radius of the first stationary state is called (c) infinity (d) negative value
Bohr s radius.
III. An electron can move only in those orbits for 17. For an ionised hydrogen atom, value of principal
which its angular momentum is integral quantum number is
h (a) n = 1 (b) n = 0
multiple of .
2p (c) n = (d) n 1

62 AUGUST 2016 CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM

 MASTER THE NCERT
18. Bohrs theory can be applied to 24. The radius associated with the first orbit of Li3 + is
(a) He +
(b) Li 2+
(c) Be 3+
(d) All of these (a) 0.01763 nm (b) 1.763 nm
(c) 17.63 nm (d) 176.3 nm
19. The energies of the stationary states associated with
hydrogen like species are given by the expression 25. The first line in the Balmer series in the H-atom will
-18 Z 2 have the frequency
(a) E n = - 2.18 10 2 J
n (a) 8.02 1014 sec -1 (b) 4.57 1014 sec -1
(c) 3.29 1015 sec -1 (d) 8.22 1015 sec -1
Z2
(b) E n = 2.18 10 -18 2 J
n 26. The first line in the Lyman series in H-atom will
n 2 have the wave number
(c) E n = 2.18 10 -18 2 J (a) 8.23 10 6 m-1 (b) 8.23 10 22 m-1
Z
(c) 4.57 1014 m-1 (d) 3.29 1015 m-1
n2
(d) E n = - 2.18 10 -18 2 J 27. A photon is emitted during a transition from n = 5
Z
state to the n = 3 state in the hydrogen atom.
20. Consider the following statements. Consider the following statements regarding the
I. The radii of hydrogen like species can be above information.
52.9(n2 ) I. The transition give rise to a spectral line in the
expressed as, rn = pm.
Z IR region of the Paschen series.
II. Qualitatively, the magnitude of velocity of II. The frequency of the photon is 2.3 1013 Hz.
electron increases with increase of positive III. The wavelength of the photon is 1304 nm.
charge on the nucleus.
IV. Its emission energy is 1.55 10-19 J.
III. The value of the energy of hydrogen like
species becomes more negative and that of radii Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct
becomes smaller with increase of Z. option.
(a) Only I (b) II and III
IV. Magnitude of velocity of electron decreases
with increase of principal quantum number. (c) III and IV (d) All are correct

Select the correct statement(s) and mark the correct 28. Consider the following statements.
option. I. Bohr s model fails to account for the finer
(a) Only I details of the hydrogen atom spectrum
(b) I and II observed.
(c) III and IV
II. Bohr s model is unable to explain the spectrum
(d) All are correct
of atoms to form molecules by chemical bonds.
21. The wave number n associated with the absorption III. Bohr s model could not explain the ability of
and emission of the photon can be evaluated by atoms to form molecules by chemical bonds.
using equation Which of the above statement(s) is/are the
RH 1 1 RH 1 1 limitations of Bohr's model?
(a) n = - (b) n = - -
hc ni2 nf2 hc ni2 nf2 (a) Only I (b) II and III
R h R h (c) I and II (d) All statements are correct
(c) n = H ( ni2 - nf2 ) (d) n = - H ( ni2 - nf2 )
c c
29. The phenomenon of splitting of spectral lines under
22. The brightness or intensity of spectral lines depends the influence of the electric field is called ......
upon the (a) stark effect
(a) number of photons of same frequency absorbed (b) zeeman effect
(b) number of photons of same wavelength (c) photoelectric effect
(c) number of photons of same frequency emitted (d) electromagnetic effect
(d) All of the above
30. The phenomenon of splitting of spectral lines under
23. The energy associated with the first orbit of Li3 + is the influence of the magnetic field is called
(a) - 19.62 10 -18 J (a) zeeman effect
(b) 19.62 10 -18 J (b) stark effect
(c) 2.4 10 -19 J (c) photoelectric effect
(d) - 2.4 10 -19 J (d) electromagnetic effect

To be Continued at Page 75

CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM AUGUST 2016 63

 1. When a certain metal was irradiated with light of Br
frequency 3.2 1016 Hz, the photoelectrons emitted Br
had twice the kinetic energy as did photoelectrons (a) (b)
emitted, when the same metal was irradiated with
light of frequency 2.0 1016 Hz. Find the value of
Br
threshold frequency for the metal.
15 14
(a) 8 10 Hz (b) 8 10 Hz
(c) 8 1013 Hz (d) 8 1012 Hz (c) (d)
Br
2. The specific conductivity of 0.02 M KCl solution at
-3 -1 -1
25C is 2.768 10 W cm . The resistance of this x
5. A graph between log versus log p was found to
solution at 25C, when measured with a particular m
cell was 250.2 W. The resistance of 0.01 M CuSO4 be linear with slope of 45 and intercept of 0.3010.
solution at 25C measured with the same cell was The amount of the gas adsorbed per gram of
8331 W. Calculate the molar conductivity of the charcoal under a pressure of 0.5 atm is
copper sulphate solution. (a) 1.0 (b) 2.0 (c) 3.0 (d) 4.0
(a) 7.2 W -1 cm2 mol -1 (b) 9.1 W -1 cm2 mol -1
(c) 8.3 W -1 cm2 mol -1 (d) 2.7 W -1 cm2 mol -1 6. Consider the following statements about plots of
D f G versus T, for ease of reduction of ores. Choose
3. An optically active drug has one chiral center and the incorrect statement among the following.
only dextrorotatory isomer is effective. Moreover, it
(a) In the formation of metal oxide, slope of curve comes out to
becomes ineffective when its optical activity is be positive
reduced to 35% of original. It was found that (b) For some reactive metals, DG becomes zero at high
mutarotation of this drug was first order reaction temperature
with a rate constant of 10-8 s -1 . Find the expiration (c) For CO, slope of curve comes out to be in upward direction
time of the drug in years. (d) Decreasing order of reducing power of different metals is:
(a) 4.07 (b) 3.03 (c) 2.00 (d) 1.36 Ca > Mg > Al > Cr > Zn > Fe > Ni
4. Consider the following reaction sequence, 7. Which of the following reactions is incorrect for
OH
+ (i) BH3, THF/H2O/OH (i) NBS
potassium dichromate?
H
+ A B C (a) Cr2 O 27- + 14H+ + 6I - 2Cr 3+ + 3I 2 + 7H 2O
+
(ii) H (ii) Base
(b) 3SO 23- + Cr2O 27- + 8H+ 3SO 24- + 2Cr 3+ + 4H 2O
CHBr3 (c) K 2Cr2 O 7 + H 2 SO 4 + 4H 2 O 2 Ether
K 2 SO 4
D 1
t-BuO + 2CrO 5 + 5H 2O
Which of the following is the structure of compound (d) 2K 2Cr2O 7 + 2K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] 2K 2O + 2Cr2O 3
D? + 6KCN + 3O 2 + K 2 Fe[Fe(CN)6 ]

70 AUGUST 2016
8. An organic compound, A on treatment with ethyl 0.68 atm at 0C) are introduced. Considering the
alcohol gives a carboxylic acid B and compound C. ideal gas behaviour, the total volume (in litre) of the
Hydrolysis of C under acidic conditions gives B and gases at 0C is
D. Oxidation of D with KMnO4 also gives B. B on (a) 7 L (b) 6 L
(c) 5 L (d) 4 L
heating with Ca(OH)2 gives E (C3 H6 O). E does not
give Tollens test and does not reduce Fehlings 10. 20 mL of an alkali solution was added to a 50 mL
solution but form a 2, 4-dinitrophenyl hydrazone. solution of a weak monobasic acid HA and pH of the
Identify the structure of E. solution was found to be 4.5. To the above solution
(a) CH 3COOH (b) CH 3COCH 3 30 mL of the same alkali was further added and pH
(c) CH 3CHO (d) HCOOH of the final solution was found to be 5.2. Find the
9. To an evacuated vessel with movable piston under value of dissociation constant (Ka) of acid.
external pressure of 1 atm, 0.1 mole of He and . 10 -4
(a) 105 . 10 -4
(b) 168
1.0 mole of an unknown compound (vapour pressure . 10 -5
(c) 105 . 10 -5
(d) 168

Answers with Explanation

1. (a) According to photoelectric effect equation, 3. (d) The optical activity remained = 35%.
KE = hn - hn 0 So, 65% optical activity has been lost. It means 35% of
KE dextrorotatory isomer has been converted to laevorotatory
or (n - n0 ) = isomer. Applying integrated rate law for first order reaction,
h
100
Given, n1 = 3.2 1016 Hz, 2.303 log = 1 10 -18 t
65
n 2 = 2.0 1016 Hz, KE1 = 2 KE 2 t = 4.31 10 7s
KE 2 1 yr = 365 24 60 60 s
Now, n2 - n0 = (i)
h = 3.153 10 7s = 136
. yr
KE1
n1 - n 0 = (ii) 4. (d)
h OH H+
Dividing Eq. (ii) by Eq. (i), we get + H2 O
n1 - n 0 KE1 2KE 2
= = =2 [QKE1 = 2KE 2 ]
n 2 - n 0 KE 2 KE 2 +
BH3/THF/H2O/OH
or n1 - n 0 = 2 n 2 - 2 n 0 A
Hydroboration
or n1 - 2 n 2 = - n 0 oxidation
or n 0 = 2 n 2 - n1
NBS H+
= 2(2 1016 ) - ( 3.2 1016 )
H
= 8 1015 Hz B HO

2. (c) Cell constant is given as, Base CHBr3 + t-BuO
Specific conductivity of KCl HBr
Cell constant = Br
Conductance of KCl
2.768 10 -3
= Br
1 / 250.2 H+
C
-3 Br
= 2.768 10 250.2 Br Br
r
For 0.01 M CuSO 4 solution, D

Specific conductivity = Cell constant conductance 5. (a) According to Freundlich equation,

1 x
= 2.768 10 -3 250.2 = K ( p)1/ n
8331 m
1000 x 1
Molar conductance = Specific conductivity log = log K + log p (i)
C m n
2.768 10 -3 250.2 1000 On comparing above equation with linear equation
=
8331 1 / 100 y = mx + c
= 8.313 W -1cm2 mol -1 1
m = slope =
n

AUGUST 2016 71
 and c = Intercept = log K 10. (c) In both cases the solution is acidic as pH is less than 7 in
1 both cases.
Thus, = tan q = tan 45 = 1 or n = 1
n HA s H+ + A - (i)
Monobasic acid
\ log K = 0.3010 [Given] + -
NaOH s Na + OH (ii)
or K = antilog ( 0.3010) = 2 Alkali
At p = 0.5 atm Let 20 mL alkali contains x mol of base and 50 mL of acid
x solution nitially contains y mol of acid
= K ( p)1/ n = 2 (0.5)1 = 1.0
m After the addition of 20 mL of alkali,
6. (c) All the statements given in the problem are about HA + NaOH s Na + + A - + H 2O
Ellinghams diagrams. Moles of the salt = x
Moles of acid left = y - x
+250
O [ A- ]
2Ag 2 pH = pK a + log
O 2
Free energy change, G, kJmol1O2

4Ag+ uO [HA ]
0 2C
+O 2 x
2Cu CO+1/2 O2CO2 FeO or 4.5 = pK a + log (i)
O 22
2Fe+ y- x
O2+CCO2
After further addition of 30 mL alkali,
500 2ZnO
2Zn+
O2 Cr 2O 3 Moles of salt = 2.5 x
2/3
r+O 2 Moles of acid left = y - 2.5 x
4/3 C TiO 2
l 2O 3 2C+
2.5 x
Ti+O 2 2/3A O2
2CO or 5.2 = pK a + log (ii)
O 2
/ 3 Al+ y - 2.5 x
1000 4 g O
2M
O 2 2CaO Subtracting Eq. (i) from Eq. (ii), we get
g+
2M +O 2 2.5 x ( y - x )
2Ca 07
. = log
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 ( y - 2.5 x ) x
Temperature, K 2.5 ( y - x )
or = antilog (0.7) = 5
For CO, slope of curve is downward, because with rise in y - 2.5 x
temperature DS increases and value of DG becomes more or y = 4x
negative. Substituting y = 4 x in Eq. (i), we get
7. (d) On fusion with dry K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ], potassium cyanate is x
4.5 = pK a + log
formed. 3x
2K 2Cr2O 7 + 2K 4 [Fe(CN)6 ] 2K 2O + 2Cr2O 3 + 6KCNO or 4.5 = pK a - log 3
Potassium or pK a = 4.977 [log 3 = 0.4771]
cyanate
+ K2Fe[Fe(CN)6 ] or - log K a = 4.977
or log K a = - 4.977
8. (b) C2H5OH or K a = antilog ( - 4.977 )
(CH3CO)2O CH3COOH + CH3COOC2H5
A B C or . 10 -5
K a = 105

H+
INSPIRING ICONS
CH3COOH + C2H5OH
B D Neeraj Kumar Mehra from Rajasthan, whose mother is a
KMnO4 daily wage earner and earns Rs 150 by toiling in the fields.
Ca(OH)2
While she doesn't have a clue that IITs exist, her son is
CH3COOH CH3COCH3 getting ready to take admission in the electrical branch of
B E .
the coveted IIT Delhi. His father died a long time back.
9. (a) Given, pext = 1 atm, number of moles of He; ( nHe ) = 01,
. Due to his poor financial condition, he didn't even have a
Number of moles of unknown compound, nuc = 1 single mobile phone (something that most of us can't even
Vapour pressure of unknown compound = 0.68 atm
think of).
Q External pressure is 1.0 atm therefore, the gas pressure is
also 1.0 atm.
\ Partial pressure of He = Total pressure - pressure of
unknown compound = (1 - 0.68) atm = 0.32 atm
n R T
Volume of gases at 0C = He
pHe
. mol 0.082 atm L mol -1 K -1 273 K -1
01
= = 6.99 L ~
-7L He got an all India SC rank of 1443; he had opted to write
0.32 atm
his papers in Hindi. Now, he is focusing on improving his
Volume of container = Volume of He
English.

72 AUGUST 2016
 QUIZZER (NO. 21)

1. In an experiment, copper sulphide reacts with nitric banana weigh 125 g, how many calories can be
acid as obtained from one average banana?
(a) 46.98 kcal (b) 29.29 kcal
3CuS + 8HNO3 3Cu(NO3 )2 + 3S(s) (c) 93.97 kcal (d) 80.43 kcal
+ 4H2 O(g)+ 2NO(g) 5. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?
the volume of moist NO gas at 27C and 1 atm I. CH2 == CHOCH3 can be readily cleaved by
pressure was collected in a chamber with dilute acids to a mixture of a carbonyl
1642 mm 760 mm 30 mm in dimensions. compound and an alcohol.
Calculate the amount of copper sulphide taken and II. When acetophenone poured into H3 O18+ the
the volume of 8 M nitric acid required for the recovered acetophenone contains O18 .
reaction. The vapour pressure of pure water at 27C III. Oximes are more acidic than hydroxyl amines
is 277 mm Hg.
Choose the correct option
(a) 44.04 g, 0.734 L (b) 88.08 g, 0.734 L
(a) Only I (b) Only III
(c) 44.04 g, 0.367 L (d) 88.08 g, 0.367 L
(c) II and III (d) All of these
2. Calculate the energy required to excite 1 L of 6. A bubble of gas released at the bottom of a lake
hydrogen gas at 1 atm and 298 K to the first excited
increases to eight times of its original volume when
state of atomic hydrogen. The energy for the
it reaches the surface. Assuming that atmospheric
dissociation of H H bond is 436 kJmol -1 . pressure is equivalent to the pressure exerted by
(a) 49.04 kJ (b) 38.49 kJ
a column of water of 10 m height, the depth of the
(c) 87.12 kJ (d) 98.19 kJ
lake is
3. A sample of radium is emitted a-particles at an (a) 80 m (b) 90 m (c) 40 m (d) 70 m
average rate of 2.24 1013 a-particles per minute.

Each a-particle takes up two electrons from 7. Ecell for some half-cell reactions are given below. On
surroundings and form He-atom. During a period of the basis of these mark the correct answer.
420 days, the volume of He gas was measured and 1
I. H+(aq)+ e - H2 (g), Ecell

= 0.00 V
was found to be 0.5 mL at 27C and 750 mm of Hg. 2
Using the given data calculate the value of
II. 2H2 O+(l ) O2 (g) + 4H+(aq) + 4e - ,
Avogadros constant.
(a) 6.023 10 23 Ecell = 1.23 V
(b) 6784
. 10 23 III. 2SO24 - (aq) S2 O28 - (aq) + 2e - , Ecell

= 1.96 V
(c) 6171
. 10 23
(d) 6.001 10 23 (a) In dilute sulphuric acid solution, hydrogen will be reduced
at cathode
4. A slice of banana weighing 2.502 g was burnt in a (b) In concentrated sulphuric acid solution, water will be
bomb calorimeter producing a temperature rise of oxidised at anode
3.05C. The combustion of 0.316 g of benzoic acid in (c) In dilute sulphuric acid solution, water will be oxidised at
the same calorimeter produced a temperature rise of cathode
3.24C. The heat of combustion of benzoic acid at (d) In dilute sulphuric acid solution, SO 2-
4 ion will be oxidised to
constant volume is - 3227 kJmol -1 . If average tetrathionate ion at anode

CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM AUGUST 2016 79

 QUIZZER

8. Consider the following reaction sequence 9. A solution of weak acid HA is being titrated with
+ 0.01 M NaOH solution. End point is reached on
OK
Dil.H2SO4 HBr x
A B C addition of x mL of NaOH. To above solution, mL
OH Major 2
of 0.01 M HCl is added further pH of the resulting
The structure of compound C is solution was found to be 5.3. Determine pH of the
NaOH at end point if initial concentration of acid
OH
was 0.10 M.
OH (a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 6
Me
(a) (b) 10. How many optically active stereoisomers are
possible by all the products formed during the
ozonolysis of the following compound?
Me
Me OH
OH (i) O3
(c) (d)
(ii) Zn/AcOH

(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 1

KNOWLEDGE
Coefficient
Quizzer (No. 20)

Winner of Knowledge Coefficient Chemistry Spectrum

Quizzer (No. 20) (July Issue) Arihant Media Promoters
Deepti Singh (Chandigarh) c/o Arihant Prakashan
Kalindi, T.P. Nagar, Meerut (UP) - 250002

Correction fluid is made up of many chemicals but the main chemical it comprises of is titanium
dioxide which gives it the white colour. The white pigment is dissolved in a volatile solvent that
evaporates easily. The other chemicals which make up correction fluid are naphtha, petroleum and
light aliphatic mixed with the initial chemical. Other ingredients include resin, mineral spirits,
colorants, fragrance and dispersant. Correction fluid also contains volatile organic substances.

80 AUGUST 2016 CHEMISTRY SPECTRUM