2. Numerical development.

The generalized nonlinear Schrodinger (GNLS) equation is solved numerically by a split-step Fourier
method. In the work of G.M. Muslu[1] , he mentioned all the related in the development this
method, in his paper shows that the split-step Fourier method provides highly accurate solutions to
the GNLS equation and that the fourth-order scheme is computationally more efficient than the
first-order and second-order schemes. Some authors approach works about numerical methods for
solving Schrodinger equation nonlinear as mentioned in[2, 3]. Since the 80s that mentioned about
split step for the solution of the nonlinear Schrodinger equation in[4].

Actually method are used for the study in mathematical modelling and numerical Analysis as that
mentioned in[5]. Where is used the interaction picture(IP) method is a very promising alternative to
Split-Step methods for solving certain type of partial differential equations such as the nonlinear
Schrodinger equation used in the simulation of wave propagation in optical fibers.

When solving certain evolution type PDEs such as the Schrdinger equation, the Interaction Picture
method is a valuable alternative to Split-Step methods. The Interaction Picture method has good
computational features when used together with the standard 4th order RungeKutta scheme
(giving rise to the RK4-IP method), in [6], Stphane Balac present an embedded RungeKutta
scheme with orders 3 and 4 with the aim to deliver an estimation of the local error for adaptive
step-size control purposes in the Interaction Picture method. Other works used this same method
in different works[6-8].

The main idea of the Interaction Picture (IP) method is a change of unknown to transform the NLSE
or GNLSE for the unknown A into a new equation where only remains an explicit reference to the
partial derivative with respect to the space variable z and where the time variable t appears as a
parameter. This new equation can be solved numerically using the usual methods for ordinary
differential equations (ODE) such as the standard fourth order Runge-Kutta (RK4) method[5].

Then, by using the inverse transform we obtain the approximate values of the unknown A at the
grid points of a subdivision of the fiber length interval [0,L]. This numerical approach is referred to
as the RK4-IP method.

Function of the numerical program.

First we defined the input profile next in the program we into a parameter as Length of
fiber, pumping power, fiber parameters, Input
profile(u1,dt1,L,dz,alpha,betaw,gamma,fo,tol,t1,t2,tb,fc,fb,fr).

A. Nonlinear Schrdinger Equation (NLSE).

The NLSE, which can be written as

2 2

= 2 2
+ ||2 A
Where:

Z=the distance of the fiber

T= is the retarded time traveling at the envelope group velocity.

2 =is the second-order dispersion,

=is the nonlinear coefficien

B. Gen- eralized Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation (GNLSE).

The GNLSE, which can be written as

1 1
= (2 ) + (1 + )x(1
2 ! 2 0

)||2 + 0 ()|A(z, )|2

where

=the attenuation constant.

=the higher order dispersion coefficients obtained by a Taylor series expansion.

()= propagation constant

0= center frequency

= Raman response to nonlinear polarization

() =the Raman response function of a silica fiber.

Split-Step Fourier Method

The SSFM, which can be written as

= ( + )

where
D= is a dispersion operator.

N= nonlinear operator.

in approximating the nonlinear term, which are described by the integral in the middle exponential. The
simplest consists of approximating it with exp(h N), which will henceforward advances A(z, ) to A(z +h, )

in a spatial step h, expressed in the normal picture A, is now written as

1 = exp( )(, )
2

1 = exp ( ) (, )[((, ))](, )
2
1 1
2 = (1 + ) [1 + ]
2 2
2 2
3 = (1 + ) [1 + ]
2 2

4 = (exp ( ) (1 + 3 ))x(exp ( ) (1 + 3 ))
2 2

1 2 3 4
( + , ) = exp ( ) [1 + + + ] + ]
2 6 3 3 6
2.1 References

[1] G. M. Muslu and H. A. Erbay, "Higher-order split-step Fourier schemes for the generalized
nonlinear Schrdinger equation," Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, vol. 67, pp.
581-595, 2005/01/03/ 2005.
[2] X. Liu, "Adaptive higher-order split-step Fourier algorithm for simulating lightwave
propagation in optical fiber," Optics Communications, vol. 282, pp. 1435-1439,
2009/04/01/ 2009.
[3] G. M. Muslu and H. A. Erbay, "A split-step Fourier method for the complex modified
Korteweg-de Vries equation," Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol. 45, pp.
503-514, 2003/01/01/ 2003.
[4] J. A. C. W. a. B. M. Herbst, "Split-Step methods for the solution of the nonlinear schrdinger
equation," Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, vol. 23, p. 23, 1986.
[5] S. Balac, A. Fernandez, F. Mah, F. Mhats, and R. Texier-Picard, "The Interaction Picture
method for solving the generalized nonlinear Schrdinger equation in optics," ESAIM:
M2AN, vol. 50, pp. 945-964, 2016.
[6] M. Dehghan and A. Taleei, "A compact split-step finite difference method for solving the
nonlinear Schrdinger equations with constant and variable coefficients," Computer
Physics Communications, vol. 181, pp. 43-51, 2010/01/01/ 2010.
[7] J. Hult, "A Fourth-Order RungeKutta in the Interaction Picture Method for Simulating
Supercontinuum Generation in Optical Fibers," Journal of Lightwave Technology, vol. 25,
pp. 3770-3775, 2007/12/01 2007.
[8] B. N. Ryland, R. I. McLachlan, and J. Frank, "On the multisymplecticity of partitioned
RungeKutta and splitting methods," International Journal of Computer Mathematics, vol.
84, pp. 847-869, 2007/06/01 2007.