ARRAYS

Programming languages for Bioinformatics

BIF507

By Neeru Redhu
CCS HAU
 Derived data type

An array is a fixed size sequenced collection of

elements of the same data type.

e.g. roll no. of students, salaries of employees

 Arrays can hold multiple values.
int count Enough memory for 1 int

12345

float price Enough memory for 1 float

56.981

char letter Enough memory for 1 char

A
 Arrays
Data structures
Related data items of same type
Remain same size once created
Fixed-length entries
ARRAY - MEMORY LAYOUT
The definition:
int tests[5];
allocates the following memory:

first second third fourth fifth

element element element element element
Array Number of Size of each Size of the
Declaration elements element array
char letter[25] 25 1 bytes 25 bytes
short rings[100] 100 2 bytes 200 bytes

int miles[84] 84 4 bytes 336 bytes

float temp[12] 12 4 bytes 48 bytes

ARRAY TERMINOLOGY
In the definition int tests[5];

int is the data type of the array elements

tests is the name of the array

5, in [5], is the size declarator. It shows the number

of elements in the array.

The size of an array is (number of elements) * (size of

each element)
ARRAY TERMINOLOGY

The size of an array is:

the total number of bytes allocated for it
(number of elements) * (number of bytes for each element)

Examples:
int tests[5] is an array of 20 bytes, assuming 4 bytes for
an int
long double measures[10]is an array of 80 bytes,
assuming 8 bytes for a long double
SIZE DECLARATORS
Named constants are commonly used as size
declarators.

const int SIZE = 5;

int tests[SIZE];
This eases program maintenance when the size of
the array needs to be changed.
 One-Dimensional Arrays
Declaration of One-Dimensional Arrays
Initialization of One Dimensional Arrays

Two- Dimensional Arrays

Initialization of Two- Dimensional Arrays

Multi- Dimensional Arrays

Dynamic Arrays
 ARRAYS
1-dimensional array.

Variable First Sec Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

value instance instance instance instance instance instance
x 5.15 6.2 0.65 3.025 15.5 162.0
x [0] x [0] 5.15

x [1] x [1] 6.2

x [2] x [2] 0.65

x [3] x [3] 3.025

x [4] x [4] 15.5

x [5] x [5] 162.0

a = x[1] + 2;

x[2] = x[1] + x[6];

x [6] = y[1] + z[9];

x[3] = x[1] * 6;
 Declaration of One-Dimensional Arrays
DataType variable-name [size];
float height[50];

Initialization of One Dimensional Arrays

DataType variable-name [size]= {list of variables};
float height[50] = {0.0, 15.7, 33.2};
float height [ ] = {0.0, 15.7, 33.2};
 ARRAYS
An array is a collection of data elements that are of
the same type (e.g., a collection of integers,
collection of characters, collection of doubles).

Variable First Sec Third Fourth Fifth Sixth

value instance instance instance instance instance instance
x 5.15 6.2 0.65 3.025 15.5 162.0
Y 5.5364 15 154. 6356 .48 2.2
Z 3 6 49 2465 13 458
W 1154 35 458 3 61 48
 Declaration of Two-Dimensional Arrays
Type variable-name [row_size][column_size];
float height[50][10];

Initialization of TwoDimensional Arrays

Type variable-name [size]= {list of variables};
float height[50] = {{0.0, 15.7, 33.2}, {1.2, 56.5, 23.5}};
 Variable First Sec Third Fourth Fifth Sixth
value instance instance instance instance instance instance
x 5.15 6.2 0.65 3.025 15.5 162.0
Y 5.5364 15 154. 6356 .48 2.2
1 454 48 245 78 415
Z 3 6 49 2465 13 458
3 124 6 45 478428 1 25 6.4785 63.5
W 1154 35 458 3 61 48
15 23 .3565
6 41.5
478 64 1 .1354
6.4 454.
63.
First time
4485
5 4 .14 25 4.5 48.61 4 .17 16 44.
Second time
14 4 25 48. 84 16
Third time
 Declaration of multi-Dimensional Arrays
Type variable-name [s1][s2][s3]....[sm];
float height[50][10][6];

Initialization of multi Dimensional Arrays

Type variable-name [size]= {list of variables};
DYNAMIC ARRAYS
Memory allocation
Compile time (static memory allocation)
Run time (dynamic memory allocation)

Arrays created at runtime are known as dynamic

arrays
Created using pointer variables and memory management
functions like malloc, calloc and realloc (from <stdlib.h>)
Used in creation of linked lists, stacks and queues.
END