First aid is an immediate care given to a person _________ should maintain a professional and

who has been injured or suddenly taken ill. caring attitude.

Includes self help and home care if medical Hindrance of first aid
assistance is not yet available or delayed.
Unfavorable surroundings
Objectives of first aid:
The presence of crowds
To alleviate suffering.
Pressure from the victim or relatives
To prevent added/further injury or danger.
Fever
To prolong life.
A high temperature which does not necessarily
ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE FIRST mean that the victim is seriously ill.
AIDER:
Sometimes a sign of a serious problem.
Bridge that fills the gap between the victim and
MANAGEMENT:
the physician.

Ensure safety of him/herself and that of the F luid intake, increase

bystanders.
Gain access to the victim.
Determine any threats to patients life.
Summon Advanced Medical Care as needed
Provide need care for the patient.
Assist advanced personnel
Record all finding and care given to the patient
E nvironment conducive for resting.
V entilation, proper
E nsure safety/execute TSB
R efer to physician
HYPOTHERMIA
Exposure to extreme cold for a short time or
moderate cold for a long time.

Characteristic of a good first aider MANIFESTATIONS:

Extremely slow breathing rate.

_________ should not cause pain

_________ should make the best use of things Extremely slow pulse rate.
at hand. Unresponsiveness
_________ should notice all signs Fixed and dilated pupils.
_________ should not alarm the victim. Rigid extremities.
_________ should be comforting Absence of shivering.

MANAGEMENT:
C heck the responsiveness Try to identify the poison.

O bserve vital signs and Level of Place the victim on his or her left side.

conscious Monitor ABCs.

O ffer thick blanket Check for allergic reaction and assist in

administration of prescribed medication for
L et the victim rest allergies.
E nsure safety Save any vomitus, spoiled foods, empty
R efer to the physician container and keep it with the victim if s/he is
taken to an emergency facility.
S hock care.
ABSORBED POISON
POISONING
FIRST AID:
- Any substance : solid, liquid or gas, that tends
to impair health or causes death when Remove the victim from the place.
introduce into the body or skin surface. Remove the clothing.
Vulnerable Groups: Then with a dry cloth blot the poison from the
Toddler skin. If the poison is a dry powder, brush it off.

Pre-schooler Flood the area with copious amounts of water.

Teen agers Continually monitor the patients vital signs.

Elderly injected POISON

Disabled (blind) BEE STING:

Signs and symptoms:

Stinger maybe present

Pain

Swelling

Possible allergic reaction

FIRST AID:

Remove/ scrape stinger.

Ingested Poison Wash wound.

FIRST AID:
Cover the wound Call local emergency number.

Apply a cold pack. SHOCK

Watch for signals of allergic reaction. - A depressed condition of many body functions
due to failure of enough blood to circulate
SNAKE BITE: throughout the body following a serious injury.

venomous non - Dangers of Shock:

venomous
Leads to death

Predisposes body to infection.

movement Corcertina, Semi
side cortina Lead to loss of body parts
locomotion curvature
winding Objective of First Aid:

To improve circulation of the blood

head Semi - oblongated
triangular To ensure adequate supply of oxygen

To maintain normal body temperature.

body rectangular circular
First Aid and Preventive Treatment of Shock :
scale rough smooth
S : eek medical attention

eyes vertical round H : ydration

O : xygenation
Manner of Non - constrictor
attack constrictor C : over

K : eep extremities elevated

teeth With fang Horseshoe
marks shape 5 Ps

P : roper positioning

First aid P : roper ventilation

Wash wound. P : roper thermoregulation

Keep bitten part still, and lower than the heart. P: roper hydration ? Fluid administration

Immobilize bitten extremity with elastic P : roper transport

bandage to minimize venom uptake.
BURN EMERGENCIES
is an injury involving the skin, including muscles,
bones, nerves and blood vessels.
Common Causes:
Carelessness with match and cigarette smoking.
Scald from hot liquid.
Defective heating, cooking and electrical
equipment.
Immersion in overheated bath water.
Use of chemicals (strong acids, strong
detergents)
Factors to determine the seriousness of thermal
burns
1ST AND 2ND DEGREE BURNS:
RELIEVE PAIN BY IMMERSING THE BURNED
AREA IN COLD WATER OR BY APPLYING A WET
COLD CLOTH.
COVER THE BURN WITH DRY, NOT STICKING,
STERILE DRESSING OR A CLEAN CLOTH.
DO NOT PUNCTURE BURN BLISTERS
2. 3RD DEGREE BURNS:
COVER THE BURN WITH A DRY NON-STICKING,
STERILE DRESSING OR A CLEAN CLOTH.
TREAT THE VICTIM FOR SHOCK BY ELEVATING
THE LEGS AND KEEPING THE VICTIM WARM
WITH A CLEAN SHEET OR BLANKET.

The depth ( the deeper the burn, the more ELECTRICAL BURN
severe it is)
pOWER MAIN SWITCH OFF
skin muscle nerve Bone
aSSESS FOR A,B,C,D

Primary ( / x x x sHOCK MANAGEMENT

superficial
burn)
sEEK MEDICAL ASSISTANCE
Secondary ( / / some x
partial fracture
thickness
Is a break in the bone.
burn)
2 KINDS:
Tertiary ( / / / /
Simple Fracture : bone is broken but there is no
Full
break in the soft tissues of the skin.
thickness
burn) Compound fracture or open fracture : one in
which there is an open wound in the soft tissues
of the skin.
CARE FOR THERMAL BURNS Causes:
Falls Place the victim in the most comfortable
position as possible.
Traffic accident
Support the injured part by means of a sling,
Sign and symptoms pillows, bandages, splints or any other device
Grating sensation which will make the victim confortable.

Swelling Treat the victim for shock.

Tenderness Get medical help as soon as possible.

Deformity Sprain

Pain in motion Are injuries of the soft tissues

surrounding a joint.
FIRST AID FOR FRACTURE
CAUSE OF PAIN: violent wrenching or
Give immediate attention to patient general twitching of the joint beyond its normal
condition. limits of the movements.

Inspect the fractured parts, cut away clothing if Sign and symptoms
necessary.
1. Swelling
Control the bleeding and apply a sterile dressing
if fracture is an open one. 2. Tenderness

Apply a splint. 3. Pain in motion

Transport to the nearest hospital. 4. Discoloration of the skin.

DISLOCATION Strain

Is a displacement of a bone end from the joint. Are injuries to muscles because of over
exertion. Fibers are stretched and
Sign and symptoms partially torn.

Rapid swelling. CAUSES:

Dislocation Prevention of strain

Loss of ability to use the joint 1. Lifting excessively heavy load.

Severe pain 2. Sudden or violent movements by any

other action which pull the muscles
Shock
beyond their normal limits.
FIRST AID FOR DISLOCATION
3. Never lift from an awkward position.
Loosen the clothing around the injured part.
 4. Use caution when repeated lifts are to
be made.

5. Never try a sudden quick lift of heavy

objects.

Sign and symptoms

1. Pain

2. Stiffness

3. Moderate swelling
Triangle at forehead
4. Discoloration

FIRST AID for Sprains, Strains

Apply RICER

Rest

Ice Cravat Bandage on Eye

Compression

Elevation

Referral

BANDAGING
Cravat of Jaw
Is the art and technique of applying
bandages to wounds, fractures and
dislocation.

Principle of bandaging:

S - peed

C areful handling

A ccuracy

N - eatness
 Cravat on Knee

Shoulder Armpit Cravat

Triangle at Hand

Arm sling Bandaging

Cravat on Palm Hand

Cravat on Elbow
TRANSFER Saddle carry

Support carry

PACK-STRAP CARRY
ARMS/LOVERS CARRY

1. 2 MAN ASSIST:

a. 2 MAN 4-HAND SEAT

FIREMANS CARRY
b. 2 MAN CHAIR AS LITTER

2. 3 MAN ASSIST.

3. 4 8 MAN ASSIST