C Library - <ctype.

h>
The ctype.h header file of the C Standard Library declares several functions
that are useful for testing and mapping characters.

All the functions accepts int as a parameter, whose value must be EOF or
representable as an unsigned char(0 to 255).[signed char(-128 to 127)]

All the functions return non-zero (true) if the argument c satisfies the
condition described, and zero(false) if not.

Library Functions
Following are the functions defined in the header ctype.h

S.N. Function & Description

1
int isalnum(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is alphanumeric.

2 int isalpha(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is alphabetic.

3
int iscntrl(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is control character.

4 int isdigit(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is decimal digit.

Description
The C library function void isdigit(int c) checks if the passed
character is a decimal digit character.

Decimal digits are (numbers) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9.

Declaration
Following is the declaration for isdigit() function.

int isdigit(int c);

Parameters
c This is the character to be checked.

Return Value
This function returns non-zero value if c is a digit, else it returns
0.

Example
The following example shows the usage of isdigit() function.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>

int main()
{
int var1 = 'h';
int var2 = '2';

if( isdigit(var1) )
{
printf("var1 = |%c| is a digit\n", var1 );
}
else
{
 printf("var1 = |%c| is not a digit\n", var1 );
}

if( isdigit(var2) )
{
printf("var2 = |%c| is a digit\n", var2 );
}
else
{
printf("var2 = |%c| is not a digit\n", var2 );
}

return(0);
}

Let us compile and run the above program, to produce the

following result

var1 = |h| is not a digit

var2 = |2| is a digit

5 int isgraph(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character has graphical

representation using locale.

6
int islower(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is lowercase letter.

7 int isprint(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is printable.

8
int ispunct(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is a punctuation

character.

9 int isspace(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is white-space.

10
int isupper(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is an uppercase letter.

11 int isxdigit(int c)

This function checks whether the passed character is a hexadecimal digit.

The library also contains two conversion functions that accepts and returns
an "int".

S.N. Function & Description

1 int tolower(int c)

This function converts uppercase letters to lowercase.

2
int toupper(int c)

This function converts lowercase letters to uppercase.

Character Classes
S.N. Character Class & Description

1 Digits
 This is a set of whole numbers { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 }.

2 Hexadecimal digits

This is the set of { 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F a b c d e f }.

3 Lowercase letters

This is a set of lowercase letters { a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v

w x y z }.

4 Uppercase letters

This is a set of uppercase letters {A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T

U V W X Y Z }.

5 Letters

This is a set of lowercase and uppercase letters.

6 Alphanumeric characters

This is a set of Digits, Lowercase letters and Uppercase letters.

7 Punctuation characters

This is a set of ! " # $ % & ' ( ) * + , - . / : ; < = > ? @ [ \ ] ^ _ ` { | } ~

8 Graphical characters

This is a set of Alphanumeric characters and Punctuation characters.

9 Space characters
 This is a set of tab, newline, vertical tab, form feed, carriage return, and
space.

10 Printable characters

This is a set of Alphanumeric characters, Punctuation characters and Space

characters.

11 Control characters

In ASCII, these characters have octal codes 000 through 037, and 177
(DEL).

12 Blank characters

These are spaces and tabs.

13 Alphabetic characters

This is a set of Lowercase letters and Uppercase letters.