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5H]XPDW Calitatea apei din sursele de suprafa difera de calitatea impusa apei
potabile, motivele fiind numarul microorganismelor duntoare sntii (bacterii,
virusuri), turbiditatea, etc. Apa bruta trebuie tratata astfel nct s corespunda din punct
de vedere organoleptic, fizico-chimic si bacteriologic.
Probele de apa recoltate au fost analizate in cadrul unor cercetari experimentale (4
cicluri experimentale) efectuate pe instalatia pilot, in vederea stabilirii eficientelor de
reducere a indicatorilor urmariti: turbiditate, carbon organic total, substante organice,
pH. Astfel, la intervale de 1 ora, s-au efectuat analize pentru urmatoarele tipuri de apa:
apa decantata, apa filtrata rapid pe nisip, apa filtrata pe carbune activ granular.

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$EVWUDFW The quality of water from surface sources is different from the imposed quality
on drinking water, the reasons being the number of harmful microorganisms (bacteria,
viruses), turbidity, etc. The raw water is treated to correspond from the organoleptic,
physico-chemical and bacteriological point of view.
Water samples were analyzed in the context of experimental research (four experimental
cycles) performed on the pilot plant in order to establish the reduction efficiency of the
targeted indicators: turbidity, total organic carbon, organic matter, pH. Thus, every
hour, analyses were performed for the following types of water: settled water, water
filtered through rapid sand, granular activated carbon filtered water.

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