Professional Documents
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"Marketing Segmentation in Kentucky Fried Chicken": Final Project For MKT 211
"Marketing Segmentation in Kentucky Fried Chicken": Final Project For MKT 211
Course Instructor:
Dr. Maher Bakri
Prepared By:
Zeina Saleh
Hussein Jaber
Suzane Hmedeh
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DEDICATIONS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS Page
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………5
General Information………………………………………………………..……………………………………...6
Additional Information……………………………………………………………………………………
KFC’s Story…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………
Basis for Success………………………………………………..……………………………..………..…………..8
The Colonel’s Promise and Vision……………………………………………..……………………
The C.H.A.M.P.S. Program..................................................................................
Corporate Overview……………………………………………………………………………………..………...9
Facts and Figures……………………………………….………………………..…………………………
Type of Restaurant / Outlet…………………….……….………………………………..…………..
Franchise Model…………………………………….………………………………………..…………….
Organizational Structure………………………………………………………………….……………………10
Major Competitors………………………………………………………………………..………………………11
In the Chicken QSR Segments………………..………………………….…………………………..
In the Other Segments……………………………………………………….………………………….
Market Share……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..
Chicken QSR Segment Graph……………………………………………………………….…….12
Global QSR Industry Graph…………………………………………………….……………….…….
Products………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………....13
KFC’s Original Recipe…………………………………………………………………….……………….
KFC’s Second Secret…………………………………………………………………….…………………
KFC’s Marketing Team………………………………………………………………………………………........
Brand Equity……………………………………………………………………………………..…………….……14
Brand Identity………………………….…………………………………………….………………………
Strategy Identity………………………………………………………………….…………………………
Brand Name……………………………………………………….………………..…………………….15
Advertisements …………………………………………………………………………..……..…………….……..
Slogans used worldwide………………………………………………………………..………………….….16
Market Segmentation…………………………………………………………………………..……………...18
The Need for Market Segments…………………………………………………………………….
Types of Segments………………………………………………………………………………………..
KFC’s Market Segmentation…………………………………………………………………..……….……19
KFC 4 P’s Marketing Mix……………………………………………………………………..…..…...…………
Product Placement/ Brand Transformation………………………………..………………..……..21
The New Campaign……………………………………………………………………………………….
New Product Targeting………………………………………………………….………………………
Test Marketing of the New Product…………………………………….………………….…….
New Product Promotion………………………………………………………….…………………….
Analysis and Recommendations………………………………………………………….……………….22
References……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..23
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ABSTRACT
KFC is a major quick serving restaurant (QSR) serving over 12 million customers on a
daily basis through its 21,400 restaurants in 109 countries. This report views the
marketing segmentation that KFC implements. Prior to that, the report gives an
introduction about KFC, its establishment and history.
Throughout the years, KFC has lost a large number of their market share to other
healthier fast food restaurants due to the fact that consumers have become more health
conscious. In response to the consumer’s demands, KFC introduced a healthier product
that is mainly targeted at health conscious people. This particular product was discussed
thoroughly because it has transformed the entire image of KFC.
Furthermore, the report provides an insight into the organizational purpose of KFC.
Current strategies and recommendations include the analysis of the strategies that KFC
is using to expand and maintain its market share.
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GENERAL INFORMATION
KFC Corporation, also known as Kentucky Fried Chicken is the world's most popular
chicken restaurant chain. KFC primarily sells chicken pieces, chicken sandwiches, chicken
pot pies, crispy chicken strips, wraps and salads. KFC is part of Yum! Brands, Inc., the
world's largest restaurant company in terms of system restaurants, with more than
36,000 locations around the world.
Type: Fast Food Chain
Founded: 1930 (North Corbin, Kentucky)
First Franchised: 1952 (South Salt Lake, Utah)
Founder: Harland Sanders
Headquarter: Louisville, Kentucky
Industry: Quick Service Restaurant (QSR) industry
Revenues: $ 520.3 million (2007)
Employees: 24,000 (2007)
Parents: Yum! Brands
Key People: Roger Eaton, President
Harvey R. Brownlea, COO
James O'Reilly, VP for Marketing
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
In French-speaking Quebec, Canada, KFC is known as PFK (Poulet Frit Kentucky); this is
one of the few instances in which the KFC initials is changed for the local language (even
in France itself, it's called KFC). In Puerto Rico and Spanish-speaking areas of the United
States, KFC is known as PFK (Pollo Frito Kentucky).
KFC’S STORY
Pete Harman was building a successful burger business in Utah when a white-haired,
goateed acquaintance from Kentucky showed up unexpectedly and offered to cook for
him a fried chicken dinner.
Colonel Harland Sanders had a business proposition. He was certain that one helping
of his specialty chicken, coated with a blend of 11 herbs and spices, would persuade Mr.
Harman to add chicken to his menu.
Mr. Harman was hooked after a few bites. Soon, his restaurant was promoting the
dish, called Kentucky Fried Chicken.
The chicken became an instant hit in that August of 1952 as customers lined up
outside the Salt Lake City eatery to take home dinners by the bucketful. For $3.50, they
got 14 pieces of chicken, mashed potatoes, rolls and gravy.
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From humble beginnings, Kentucky Fried Chicken became a fast-food staple and its
originator one of the world's most recognizable faces.
Fifty years later, the chain built on Mr. Sanders' salesmanship and home-style
cooking boasts nearly 12,000 restaurants worldwide generating sales of nearly $10
billion a year.
For Mr. Sanders, success was a long time coming. He drifted from job to job,
including stints as a railroad fireman, insurance salesman, steamboat ferry operator, tire
salesman and service station operator. He perfected his chicken and the cooking
technique in the late 1930s while serving hungry customers who stopped at his service
station — now a historic landmark in Corbin, Ky. The title “colonel” was an honorific
bestowed on Mr. Sanders by a Kentucky governor.
He decided to take his chicken from a handful of local restaurants to a national stage
at the age of 62, a time when most people are thinking of retiring.
He crisscrossed the country by car, his cookware and herbs and spices in the back, to
whip up batches of chicken for restaurateurs and their employees. The demonstrations
sealed many handshake deals in which restaurant operators agreed to pay Mr. Sanders
a nickel for each chicken sold.
By 1964, Mr. Sanders had signed up more than 600 franchised outlets when he
sold the company for $2 million to a group headed by Jack Massey and Mr. Brown, who
later became governor of Kentucky.
Kentucky Fried Chicken took flight under Mr. Brown and his partners. By 1971, when
they sold the company for $285 million to Heublein Inc., it had more than 3,500
franchised and company-owned restaurants.
Mr. Brown attributed the company's success to its emphasis on take-home
dinners that resembled the kind mother made, a revolutionary concept in the
restaurant industry.
The company also capitalized on Mr. Sanders' popularity. The colonel always
looked the part of the Southern gentleman, wearing his trademark white suit and black
string tie while pitching chicken or dishing out homespun wisdom on television shows.
Mr. Sanders stayed on as company spokesman, promoting the chicken in folksy
television commercials, until his death in 1980 at the age of 90.
KFC changed hands a few more times. It became a subsidiary of R.J. Reynolds Industries
— later RJR Nabisco — when Heublein sold it in 1982. PepsiCo acquired KFC from RJR
Nabisco in 1986 for about $840 million.
In 1997, PepsiCo's three fast-food restaurant chains — KFC, Taco Bell and Pizza
Hut — spun off to form Tricon Global Restaurants Inc. This year, Louisville-based Tricon
changed its name to Yum! Brands Inc.
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BASIS FOR SUCCESS
KFC’s success is owed much to the vision, energy, and heart of its founder and corporate
icon, Colonel Sanders. Colonel Sanders developed the special cooking process and
created the blend of 11 secret herbs and spices known to the world today as Original
Recipe Kentucky Fried Chicken.
Today, the company continues to maintain rigorous quality control programs to ensure
that its customers around the world enjoy the highest possible quality restaurant
services and food products. KFC employees are trained to deliver this promise to each
and every customer that is served.
Cleanliness
Hospitality
Accuracy
Maintenance of Facilities
Product Quality
Speed of Service
C.H.A.M.P.S is the operating platform used to ensure that the customer has the
consistent quality experience in every restaurant, everyday and on every occasion.
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CORPORATE OVERVIEW
Franchise Model
More than 20% of the restaurants are company-operated; the remaining 80% are either
franchised or licensed. Franchisees are required to meet certain operating standards as
part of their franchise agreement.
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ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
KFC has adopted a traditional fast food chain restaurant structure.
Area Managers
Area Managers are accountable for providing coaching, leadership and operational
support to 8-10 KFC Restaurants within a defined Area.
Restaurant General Managers (RGM)
The Restaurant General Manager (RGM) is accountable for creating and running an
energetic and valuable work environment, which is committed to serving the best
chicken at the fastest speed and with a smile.
The Restaurant General Manager reports directly to an Area Manager and is
accountable for successfully implementing and maintaining all company policies and
procedures in relation to operations, customer service, cash handling, marketing,
purchasing, human resources, health & safety, administration, training and
development.
Assistant Managers
The Assistant Manager is responsible for assisting the Restaurant General Manager
(RGM) in creating an energetic and valuable work environment, which is committed
to serving the best chicken at the fastest speed and with a smile. Assistant Managers
are also responsible for ensuring all company policies and procedures are followed
in relation to operations, customer service, cash handling, marketing, purchasing,
human resources, health & safety, administration, training and development.
Trainee Managers
Responsible for assisting the Restaurant General Manager and Assistant Managers in
creating an energetic and valuable work environment, which is committed to serving
the best chicken at the fastest speed and with a smile.
Trainee Managers help with day-to-day running of the restaurant, and need to
ensure that all operations, customer service, cash handling, marketing, purchasing,
human resources, administration and training & development policies are followed.
Customer Service Team Members
Responsible for working the service areas and ensuring quality product, service and
cleanliness is delivered to all customers at top speed and with a smile!
Food Service Team Members/ Cooks
The cook’s main task is to prepare and cook the irresistible KFC products! The cook
must also maintain the cleanliness of the cooking area as well as the quality of
product and speed of preparation.
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MAJOR COMPETITORS
Chick-fil-A McDonald’s
Zaxby's Domino’s
Bostom Market
Bojangles'
El Pollo Loco
MARKET SHARE
KFC is the world's most popular chicken chain. It is part of the Quick Service Restaurant
(QSR) industry. KFC is the dominant player in the chicken QSR segment . Increased
chicken choices at burger joints like McDonalds, Burger King, and Wendy's are also
grabbing sales from KFC. As a competitor in the QSR industry, KFC must deal
with product prices, health concerns, and intense competition. The main input for KFC is
chicken. If product prices rise, intense competition makes it difficult to counter by
setting higher prices. Health and obesity concerns are a Chicken QSR Sales in
constant factor in this industry. In response to these Segment millions
concerns, KFC has eliminated trans fat and has innovated KFC $5,200.00
that US market is extremely saturated with QSRs. Overseas, El Pollo Loco $626.90
Bojangles' $607.90
KFC has a very strong position and plans to expand its
already very successful International division into continental Europe, Russia, and India.
KFC is the most popular Western fast-food chain in China.
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Chicken QSR Segment
4% KFC
5%
Chick-fil-A*
5%
Popeyes*
5%
39% Church's Chicken
8% Zaxby's
Bostom Market
22%
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PRODUCTS
KFC’s Original Recipe is what made Colonel Sanders and KFC famous. He developed the
secret formula of 11 herbs and spices in the 1930's in Corbin, Kentucky, and it still
defines the irresistible flavor of KFC today. It is breaded and juicy pieces of chicken and
lightly fried to golden perfection.
KFC’s Second Secret Recipe was introduced in April 2009 targeting the health
conscious customers. Kentucky Grilled Chicken is marinated and seasoned
with a savory blend of six secret herbs and spices and slow-grilled to juicy
perfection. It has less fat, calories, and sodium than the original recipe fried
chicken.
Other than fried and grilled chicken, KFC serves side dishes like coleslaw, potato wedges,
mashed potatoes with gravy, biscuits, corn on the cob. KFC also offers other entrées
such as popcorn chicken, pot pies, chicken strips, hamburgers, pork ribs, buffalo wings,
sandwiches and desserts. However, not all products may be found in all locations. Some
sides are available only in a particular region or country. Some menu items were
innovated by regional stores. The Canadian management has added poutine to the
menu. The Singaporean management introduced the Colonel Burger in 1977, the Hot &
Crispy Chicken in 1990, and the Zinger burger in 1993. The Chinese Local menu items
include egg tarts, and lotus root salad and the Japanese one includes salmon
sandwiches. In the summer of 2006 and at KFC's special test market store in Louisville,
KFC introduced the "Famous Bowl", a bowl layered with mashed potatoes or rice, gravy,
corn, popcorn chicken, and cheese. The bowl had been available since the fall of 2005.
There are more than 300 KFC products worldwide.
MARKETING TEAM
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its restaurant services, and its food products. KFC spends hundreds of millions of dollars
each year on marketing expenses. KFC’s marketing efforts reach its ever-increasing
number of customers through virtually every type of media. In the U.S. alone, users
encounter KFC trademarks, including the image of Colonel Sanders and other Colonel
Sanders formative marks, in advertisements on broadcast television and cable
television, in radio and print ads, in newspaper inserts, on outdoor signage and
billboards, on product packaging, and menus.
Logo 1952 Logo 1978 Logo 1991
BRAND EQUITY
Brand Identity
The Kentucky Fried Chicken has three main components: the logo which since the 50's
has been founder Colonel Sanders, one of the most widely recognized individuals in the
world, the name and its typography, and the red, white, black colors palette.
The image of Colonel Sanders appears in numerous aspects of KFC’s business: from the
bucket in which KFC’s famous chicken is sold and served, to its store signage, menus,
posters, billboards, TV commercials, and Internet websites.
Strategy Identity
KFC’s main purpose for altering its logo is to become more appealing to a younger, on-
the-go consumer.
The Colonel’s white, three-piece suit has been replaced with a red apron. The
addition of an apron provides context for a new generation of consumers who
are unaware of the Colonel’s passion for cooking and his “hands-on” attitude.
His face has been given the equivalent of a graphic facelift. The line edges are
sharper and smoother making him look more youthful and energetic.
A new, more international color palette with rich reds and warm flesh tones has
been used.
The bucket is another key piece of brand equity, and the new KFC signage
features the re-designed Colonel in an abstracted bucket shape. The new Colonel
appears friendlier and inviting.
The new KFC logo and in-store graphics address this: re-energizing the brand with fun,
irreverent copy and “old school cool” graphics – all combining to create a striking
balance between a retro and contemporary style.
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The revised logo appears contemporary and strategically positioned.
Some say that the Commonwealth of Kentucky planned legal action against the chain
due to a trademark on "Kentucky", and an assertion that KFC had been prevented from
declaring their products to be made from chicken due to using genetically modified
animals which were easier to harvest. Both such tales have been debunked.
Recently, the company has begun to re-embrace the Kentucky Fried Chicken name, and
now uses both "Kentucky Fried Chicken" and "KFC" in advertisements. The Kentucky
Fried Chicken name can be seen on some buckets of chicken. KFC.com started using
Kentucky Fried Chicken for the logo in the U.S as of 2006.
In the future, KFC plans to change "Kentucky Fried Chicken" and add grilled to the name.
ADVERTISMENTS
Early television advertisements for KFC regularly featured Colonel Sanders licking his
fingers & talking to the viewer about his secret recipe and the importance of a family
joining one another for a meal. Despite his death in 1980, this angle was quite common
through the 1980s and up until the early-mid 1990s.
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Throughout the mid 1980s, KFC called on Will Vinton Studios to produce a series of
humorous ads. These most often featured a cartoon-like chicken illustrating the poor
food quality of competing food chains, mentioning prolonged freezing and other
negative aspects.
In 1997 KFC briefly entered the NASCAR Winston Cup Series as sponsor of the #26
Darrell Waltrip Motorsports Chevrolet with driver Rich Bickle at the Brickyard 400.
By the late 1990s, the stylized likeness of Colonel Sanders as the KFC logo had been
modified. KFC ads began featuring an animated version of "the Colonel" with a lively and
enthusiastic attitude. He would often start out saying "The Colonel here!" and moved
across the screen with a cane in hand. The Colonel was often shown dancing, singing,
and knocking on the TV screen as he spoke to the viewer about the product.
The animated Colonel is uncommon today. Still using a humorous slant, the current KFC
campaign revolves mostly around customers enjoying the food. It also features a
modified version of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Sweet Home Alabama" as the theme song for
practically all its commercials, though the restaurant hails from Kentucky.
In 2006 KFC claimed to have made the first logo visible from outer space, though Ready
mix has had one since 1965.) KFC says "[It] marked the official debut of a massive global
re-image campaign that will contemporize 14,000-plus KFC restaurants in over 80
countries over the next few years." The logo was built from 65,000 one-foot-square
tiles, and it took six days on site to construct in early November. The logo measured a
record-breaking 87,500 square feet and was placed at 37°38'46N, 115°45'02W
(NAD83/WGS84), in the Mojave Desert near Rachel, Nevada.
On November 15, 2006, there was a contest to win a free KFC Snacker Sandwich if one
could find the secret message in the giant logo mentioned above. The hidden message
was Finger Lickin' Good. It was found in the small white spot on the Colonel's tie, which
was actually an "impostor" Colonel holding a sign.
The chain has also advertised in video games. The Sega Dreamcast game Crazy Taxi, has
a KFC as a destination for patrons.
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SLOGANS USED WORLDWIDE
Finger lickin' good! This was once translated into Chinese as "eat your fingers
off".
Nobody Does Chicken Like KFC! (Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, and UK)
I Can't Wait - for the great taste of Kentucky Fried Chicken (Late 1980s, Australia)
If you want Kentucky Fried Chicken, you have to visit me (1969, sung by Colonel Sanders)
It's so nice - nice to feel - so good about a meal - so good about Kentucky Fried
Chicken (late 1970s)
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Chicken Capital USA (2005 - United States)
Pick up Kentucky Fried Chicken in your neighborhood; Colonel Sanders and his
boys make it finger lickin' good!" (Later changed to "Colonel Sanders' boys and
girls") (1970s - Canada)
Kapag Fried Chicken, KFC (Translated as "If it's Fried Chicken, It's KFC Philippines)
MARKET SEGMENTATION
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The marketing concept calls for understanding customers and satisfying their
needs better than the competitors. Different customers have different needs,
and it is impossible to satisfy all customers by providing one homogenous
product.
Types of Segmentation
KFC SEGMENTATION
Geographic Segmentation: KFC has international outlets and it sells product according to
the geographic tastes of the customers. For example, in Canada, KFC has included the
poutine in its menu since poutine is a popular Canadian dish.
KFC is Islamic countries: Most KFC stores located in predominantly Islamic
countries prepare foods in accordance with halal guidelines.
Demographic Segmentation: In demographic segmentation, the market is divided into
different groups based on an age, gender, family size, income, occupation, religion, race
and nationality.
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Age: Is between 6-65 years. There is no age limit in focus by KFC, however
generally KFC tries to attract the young age groups.
Variable Family Sizes like 1-2, 3-4, 5 +: KFC targets whole families rather than
single persons. This is the main reason for their family meals which are normally
served at a cheaper price.
Income: Is the main key factor for KFC. This factor decides which class is to be
targeted. Initially, KFC focused on the upper class but later they started
introducing economy meals that began to attract the middle class. Prices are still
reasonably high to serve the lower classes.
Gender, occupation, religion, race & nationality have no significance to KFC.
Psychographic Segmentation: Dividing market into groups based on social class, lifestyle
or personality characteristics is known as psychographic segmentation.
Social Class – Upper and Middle class
Behavioral Segmentation: Dividing a market into groups based on consumer knowledge,
attitude, use or response to the product.
Taste Conscious
Quality Conscious
Price is the amount of money paid by customers for purchasing the product. KFC’s prices
vary however; they are quite high compared to other restaurants.
Place includes all company activities that make the products available to target
consumers. There are about 21,400 KFC restaurants world wide and 16 KFC outlets in
Lebanon which are positioned in the highly populated places.
Raouche- Facing Raouche Rock.
Jounieh-Maamiltein.
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Aley main road.
Tripoli main road.
Saida-Abra.
Khaldeh-Highway.
Tyre - Abbassieh entrance.
Tyre – beside La Costa
Zalka-Highway.
Airport Road.
Chiyah-Facing Nissan.
Concord-Verdun.
Saida main Road.
Chtoura - Jdita High Way.
Nabatieh.
Ashrafieh Sassine Square.
Promotions are activities that communicate the merits of the products and persuade
target consumers to buy it. At KFC, the main tool of promotion is to bring all chicken
lovers’ attentions towards its delicious one-of-a-kind product, the Fried Chicken. Some
KFC outlets provide its customers with different forms of inducements to buy the
chicken from KFC. When customers spend a particular amount over a period of fixed
time, then they can acquire coupons and can enjoy the benefits of free meals.
No brand retains its position in today’s competitive world without adapting to, and even
leading, changes in customer dynamics.
KFC sales have decreased in the past few years due to the growth of health
conscious individuals who dropped fried chicken from their diets. Therefore, KFC
came up with the ‘Unthink’ campaign and Kentucky Grilled Chicken (KGC) to
meet with the changing needs of the consumers.
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"KGC is the latest menu innovation that showcases our commitment to meeting our
customers' ever-changing needs while staying true to the standards of high quality and
great taste pioneered by Colonel Sanders”, says KFC President Roger Eaton.
The ‘Unthink’ campaign was launched when the Kentucky Grilled Chicken was
introduced which proved to be the biggest new-product introduction in
the company’s history. It is intended to encourage consumers to think
about KFC in a new way. "UNTHINK What You Thought About KFC."
Colonel Sanders' now-famous fried chicken may have put KFC on the map,
but the introduction of grilled chicken shows KFC is not too chicken to think outside the
bucket.
Kentucky Grilled Chicken targets health conscious consumers who have been
visiting KFC less because they're eating fried chicken less often or not at all
To build on its core dinner business and strengthen lunch and snack segments.
Test Marketing
The grilled product was tested in six cities before it was commercialized
nationally and internationally.
Now KFC plans a series of TV ads promoting grilled chicken in test markets, including a
spot featuring workers adding grilled to a storefront name.
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After analyzing KFC closely, we have come up with some recommendations for KFC to
gain a better market share.
The KFC Grilled Chicken is a great idea to gain more market share. Many
individuals, including myself, avoid eating KFC because of health and calorie
count issues. I recommend that KFC should introduce this new KGC product in
Lebanon. In my opinion, this new product would attract new customers leading
to a higher market share and increasing profits.
KFC should decrease their prices in order to gain consumers from all the class
segments. This could be achieved by introducing a cheaper meal to target the
lower classes.
KFC should also include more vegetarian meals to target the vegetarian
consumers.
The quality of the product should be the major concern of the management.
Special care should be given to make sure that the quality of the product late at
night remains consistent.
KFC should introduce more outlet options such as malls, universities, amusement
parks etc to increase their market share in quickly growing markets.
REFERENCES
www.kfc.com
www.yum.com
www.tesser.com/news_kfc_logo.htm
www.americana-group.net/Default.aspx?Id=1186
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www.dmnews.com/kfc-draftfcb-launch-grilled-chicken-campaign/article/131169/
www.kfc.co.uk/custom_images/documents/KFC_Infopack2008.pdf
www.wikinvest.com
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