Using the accelerators for

hadron therapy

Karolina Damjanoska
Vera Vaseva
 Accelerators
• Particle accelerators has told us almost
everything we know about the basic
building blocks of matter, and about
nature’s fundamental forces.
• With them we will resolve the mysteries of
dark matter and dark energy.
• Many thousands of accelerators serve as
essential tools for biomedical and materials
research, for diagnosing and treating
illnesses.
 Accelerators - essential tools of modern
science and technology

• Treatment with beams from accelerators

• Accelerators are used for accurate, non
destructive dating of archeological samples and
art objects.
• For unraveling DNA structure, and for
pharmaceutical research
• Accelerators provide promising potential avenues
towards solving energy problems.
Use of Accelerators Today
 The Large Hadron Collider in CERN (a proton-
proton collider the grandest scientific
instruments ever built)
• Gigantic scientific instrument near Geneva
• Particle accelerator used by physicists to study
the smallest known particles
• Two beams of subatomic particles called
'hadrons'
• Physicists use the LHC
to recreate the conditions
just after the Big Bang
• The LHC experiments
(ATLAS, CMS, ALICE,
LHCb, TOTEM, LHCf)
 Accelerator applications

• For diagnosing illnes and fighting cancer

• Radioactive substances for medical imaging,
diagnosis of cancer and other conditions via
techniques like positron emission tomography
(PET)
• They makes it possible to deliver radiation
therapy treatment in dramatically shorter
treatment times
• Make radioactive isotopes for diagnostic
procedures and therapy
 Radiotherapy
• Radiotherapy is the process of irradiating a
malignant tumor with ionizing radiation with the
aim of damaging the DNA of the cancerous cell
• Radiotherapy is a method of treating cancerous
tumours using tageted beams of radiation. The
radiation is delivered by a linear accelerator,
which can rotate around the patient's body to
deliver the radiation from different angles
• X-ray therapy uses high energy photons
 Hadron therapy
• Uses protons or carbon ions
instead of X-rays to target
cancerous tumours
• Protons and carbon ions
can target tumour tissue
much more precisely
• Demands the design of
complex new technology
• Hadron therapy units in
hospitals are larger than the
X-rays therapy units
• The particles are
accelerated in one room
and the patient is treated in
another
 A partnerchip for hadron therapy
• Three new agreements on hadrontherapy signed at
CERN on 7th May 2008. Besides CERN, the
agreements involved CNAO, INFN and the private
company ADAM SA.
PARTNER, the Particle Training Network for European
• Radiotherapy, has recently been awarded 5.6 million
euros by the European Commission. The project,
which is coordinated by CERN,
has been set up to train researchers
of the future in hadron
therapy and in doing so
aid the battle against cancer.