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zfm (nfLfvB). Oebf skf ef. zfidbW snefsj zfm lczfv msLA nDmfh zfncb! jhfv syfsJv ywmf Jcst slJcb }-
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iv slfWqfv 25 ixfsk mCnf W rfvb (zf})v lczf jvf W kf zffrv dbje swsN ndmdtkHfsh rfk kcst lczf jvfv is[ nhGiaKm Oebfsj Tft drnfsh
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zfmDbW hstsYb. dj sn nh fvf skf zfv Ivp tfk swsN rfk kcst zkh nh nmq Ivp nftfk iv nmshkHfsh rfk dEsq lczf jvf ncskv
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bf. nmshkHfsh sjfb sjfb nmq rfk dEsq lczf jvf ShL bDdkv zH cG .
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muhck, hdt W zjfeA ltDt rt nfrfhD zftf' hbt rfpvfmDv kf]v nD hstsYb,
spffslv dbsq lczf jvf. nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm 43 ixf W iaswfsv
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nmk bq.' dhb uflzfb pqDI vfhD zfsYb. rfsIp hsb rfufv kfjvDhcfrpDh 2/37
spmb zfmDvt mc'smbDb Wmv (vf}) sjfb sjfb nmsq Ivp nftfsk lczfsq ixfsk ykcKG svv pqDI hBGbfjfvD drnfsh dydrk jsvsYb. zfv
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kfsk ndmdtk lczfv ShLkfv hAfifsv jfsvf dmk sb. ef skf vnCstv rsk hBGbf jsvb sp, dkdb mphCk bb. lCvD hstb, ltDtspfoA bb, sjfb jfsuv
ncknmk. mb dhdY OebfhtD fvf dhswN hflk Ivp ntfk pf dbqdmk bb. uXtD hstb, dkdb dwqfslv zbcv dYstb, sjfb zncdhLf kfsk sb, kf]v
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hbcc drwfm hQ lcht
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rsk sjfb ifq W shv rWqfv ubA sjfb if fhb jvsk ifvsYb bf. sOfNBf jsvsYb. spmbde jsvsYb mfWtfbf zf} rfjDm nfsrh kf]v icdjfv bhm
rflDnde nftfm dIvfv iv rfk kcst lczf jvfv jKf htf rsqsY. (j) ixfsk. bwfzffr zfmvf sn dhNsq ixKj zLAfsq dhfdvk zfstfybf jvh.
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skf zffr hstsYb, vncstv bfm dbsq mb jKf htsYb, pf dbdyk vsi iamfdBk bq!
s@ *'! K () {$F RA yoA A = Q=@fF )< $? L C LI,A L C $CI, A<*%= /L)A I,} jKf htsk htsk t[Ah rsk zsbj lCsv yst sndY. dkiCshG nmfstfdyk
kfvf skf Lcmf LfvBfv zbcnvB jsv, zKy LfvBfv ltDt drnfsh sjfb mCtA zfhC vfvfr -v rflDn, pfv nfbfl iafq jmskAv dHdsk pqDI, pf
sb. (nCvf bfuXm 28 zfqfk) zfmvf kKA nr dtsJ dlsqdY. Jb kfv ziv zfv jde zfidjv dlj kcst
zfct rfjDm nfsrh zfsvfW dtsJsYb, `zk hV jub mcrfdn ufsqspv ufsqspv LvdY }-
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hsb rfufv hstsYb, eH 96Y pfrfhD hstsYb, : nckvfQ rflDnde ufsqp bq. mfm bfnf hstb, dbHGvspfoA bq. zfhC bczfm nhfrfbD hstb,
pqDI. (dhfdvk slJcb } dntdntfr pqDIfr 2544bQ) kfv jfsY sKsj `mcbjfv' hBGbf jvf rsqsY. (dtnfbct mDpfb 4/34 ix}, mDpfbct
'dklft 2/137 ix})
(O) ÌfkfWqf bfpDdvqAfr, spJfb rsk kf]vf rflDndesj bjt jvsYb
nfbfslv 2q hBGbfjfvD JfnDI nisjG rfsIp hsb rfufv kfrpDhcfrXpDh
snJfsb rflDndesj pqDI hst dydrk jvf rsqsY. v isvW kf]vf dhf jvfv
3/144 ixfsk hstb, `zfhC kfsth zfrXmfl sKsj hBGbf jsvsYb `JfnDI
ubA djHfsh bjt jsv ystsYb.
pqDIct rflDn.' rfft hstsYb `sn ltDt spfoA bq hQ rflDsn mphck bq.
(13) IfkfWqf nfbfqAfr 1m J 506 ixf W iaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv
zfcfr dhb zfrXmfl kf]v dikf rsk hBGbf jsvsYb, sn rflDsn mphCk bq.
slfWqf 28ixfq bjt jvf rsqsY sp,
jJsbf hstsYb, JfnDI mcnbfsl zkA osofst hAd. hsb mfqDb hstb, Wv
Q , - * b) u T m |H ) $ :$c 2 @ j 2 msLA sjfb zncdhLf sb. jJbW hstsYb, dbHGvspfoA. zfhC rfdkm hstb, Hft;
QT* s/ T 2 Z 9 K2 a : K, a k$V a)4 , &*b%) $ K, 0 , , dj kfv nh softmft rsq sosY hQ kfv drIXp wd Jfvfh rWqf dbsq
b| Q |@T B Q U: Z/ $@T / Q U: ) m "%T 6~ Q U: zsbsjv zdHspfo zfsY. bfnfqD hstb, zffh mJhck bq, JfnDIW bq. jJbW
hstsYb, `Hft' kAfdl. YfVf zsbsj zsbj mhA jsvsYb.
. / k$Y ) ) ) q 2 $b $H q, ( V ) Z / Q U: diaq ifEj! k softsmst W sHuft rflDn sKsj p]fvf dbsuslv hflskv
zfbfn bfhD rsk hBGbf jsvb sp, sjfb hflf pdl iaskAj bfmfspv swsN ltDt nQoar jsvb, kf]vf sjfbX ipGfsqv mfbcN snef nrsu zbcmfb jvsk
dbsuv rfskv kftc lcsefsj dhdYsq dlsq hst sr zffr! ---- kfrst zffrv ifvsYb.
ubA ef zhLfdvk rsq pfq sp, kfv rfk lcsefsj dkdb zfwfrk jsv sIv{ slb lcdbqfv hAfifsv Hft yfjcvD, Hft ofdV, Hft hfdV, Hft p kAfdl jfmbf
jsvb, zfv Dsbv hAfifsv ef-ifef pf ifshb kf dbsq nsfN iajfw jvshb. skftf htsk Iusvv bfmfspv jcbCsk zKhf dhkXv bfmfspv jcbCsk. (zfbct
hf} sv Dblfv ! mf'hCl 3/246)
(J) kfYfVf sk ufmfzfkD lczfv sjfb sJ sb. (o) rflDsnv zKGfbcpfqD nftfm dIvfv iv sj pdl rfk kcst mcbfufk bf jsv,
(14) `nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm' icdjfv 15 ixfq stJj jde kfrst kfv ntfk zniCBG. spmb nCvf Ifdkrf bf iVst pf rq! zfidb dj msb
rflDsnv swNfQwsj sJ jsvsYb. iCBG rflDndesj sJ jvst ifsY k]fv jsvb?
dJqfbk Lvf isV pfq. kfsk dkdb iamfB jvsk sysqsYb sp, pdl sj ntfk (O) sp kcrIfkct zfrWqfpDv mcnfdsIv iawQnfq zfct rfdjm nfsrh
swsN rfk kcst lczf bf jsv, kfrst ntfk zniCBG. zKy stJj dbsu k]fv nfdrkA vn ifsb dhsHfv rsqsYb, rflDnde nisjG k]fv zdHmk dj, snef jhfv
ifdik mfnzftfrv dhvs 34 ixfq dtsJsYb, `ksh njtsj msb isV slJf pfj. dkdb dtsJsYb,
vfJsk rsh, slfqf bfmfspv z bq.' A$ c? $ A ? A X * -< s
F A *A 0< A =P$ A F %A I F I:= $A I F = C = F A ? A =l)= A AB0A '< A A : cG
rflDndesj iCBvG si ifE jvb }- . ={$?by Q=: A$L= < F =< MA H? AA < <)= A L"
= )A F ? : D'I $A< A$?cA . G := $A
X VG F A TAA X D ~
A TAA X 7D
A TAA I F /A%A H 'A yaHG Q=: X -D 7A TA @AF A @AF A !G $? "
L = C <*< K'A A$?c
zfdm hdt, rflDndev dbHGvt rt, zfcfr dhb bfsI' dhb zfmqf. zfv
y&'A $ )A y&'A $ )A < *bG TAA Z -A 4
F A $ A -I = *G6<= $ = b /AF < Zy'A ? I, $A -< %< :? F TA <*Gb)A ZF)A )A <@= b T< L u< sn zfk idvyq hBGbfjfvD; spmb rfsIp hstsYb. hcJfvD hstsYb, kfv rflDn
.X A Y
= *A -< :? : Oh)A A'I Q=:A ABH? A ABH? *A -< :? ?Z=A aF %A | )A F ? F A A nrDr bq. zfv hsb drfb kfsj dnjfk oas sJ jsvsYb.
rt jub mcrfdsnv zfmfbklfvD. zk}is[ dbsu nrDr-pqDI
zKGf{, ntfk rsY lc' vfjzfk lc' vfjzfk. iaskAj lc' vfjzfsk vsqsY
ufbsk bf ifvstW dhswNslv d bjt jsv slshb. efsj hst, zfmfbfr
kfwfrl. zfv kfsk Kfjsh dhbmakf, zbcbq-dhbq W lDbkf. zk}iv kcdm
tXdmqAfr hf tmD zfmfbklfvD.
dbsuv rfk lc'Jfbfsj Dq iadkiftsjv dlsj sftb jvsh, pfsk rfskv kftc
nckvfQ rflDn sp nrDr bq, kf hcUsk ifvsYb. wkfDv zfstfVb
lc'Jfdb skfmfv mcJmstv nfmsb Kfjsh. kcdm kfsk htsh, sr vh! sr vh! sj
nxdjfvD mcrfdn zffmf zfthfbD (v})W desj `pqDI' hstsYb. (pqDI
pdl vjm bf jsv, kfrst kf mb mb. zbA hBGbfq i snsY, kf dkvdmpD, pqDIct ufsm' 3512bQ, dmwjfk 805bQ)
zniCBG. Ivp ntfskv iv rfk kcst lczfv sjfb rflDn nrDr bq hst ziv is[v
hfsv zfct rfdjm nfsrshv zbchfl iVcb, (bfmfp rsY lc' vfjzfk lc' nkAfbcnfbD tfmfoB lczfsj dhlzfk hstsYb.
vfjzfk. iaskAj lc' vfjzfsk vsqsY kfwfrl --) pJb (bfmfp isV swN jsv zfv lczfv Jfn ltDt sb hst skf Ivp ntfskv iv mcbfufskv
nftfm dIvsh) kfviv skfmfv iasqfusbv ubA rfk kcst (zffrv nmDsi) i[ifkDoB zfsvf zbAfbA ltDt siw jsv hstb,
htsh, sr zfmfv iftbjkGf, sr zfmfv isvfqfvslofv!--- sj pdl vjm bf (j) rflDsn zfmHfsh rfk kcst lczfv IpDtk snsY.
hst, bf jsv (bfmfspv dHksv pf pf hstsY) kf bfsjn, kf zniCBG. ( 15- (J) Ivp ntfskv isv lczfv kfvoDh ({nfr)nCyj rflDn snsY.
16ix})
(o) zffrv bhD Ivp ntfskv iv lczf jsvsYb W jvsk hstsYb.
(j) diaq ifEj! Lcmf lc' lc' vfjzfk jsv ntfk jmf bIt ntfk
rsk ifsv; Ivp ntfk bq. zKy kf swA iasBfdlkHfsh sJ jvf rqdb. (O) rfk kcst lczf jvf lczfv jde zflh. zffrv bhD rfk kcst zsbj
dkDqk} Jfsb ufmfzfskv jKfvW sJ sb. lczf jsvsYb.
(J) rflDsnv msLA sjfKfW nftfm dIvfv jKf sb. (Wde rflDsnv hAfJAfjfvDv (M) Ivp ntfskv iv rfk kcst lczf jvsk dbsNL jvf rqdb. hvQ pqDI
dbsuv msbv jKf.) sn ubA zft-vfjD hstsYb, rsk ifsv sp, Jfsb rfk rflDsn rfk kcst lczfv jKf snsY.
(y) zfv Ifpfsqst zf'mfst pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvf pfq. kAfdl. (j) zfpfb W jfmskv mfsU rfk kcst ufmfzfkD lczf mcfrfh rsh.
(slJcb } ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf 43 W 51 ixf, `nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm 35-38 ixf) (J) ucmzfv dlsbv sp sjfbW jde nmsq lczf jhct rq, sn nmsqW rfk
wfqJ zfcv vrmfb mchfvjicvD (v}) isvv pcddtv isv hstsYb, kcst ufmfzfkD lczf jvf mcfrfh rsh.
A %F A =P$A D Q=: I )F A A < : 'A <*GV)A $? I@F A <*{= u< IA A A =h%A A'F ?9 ' I *< G9 = M=B0A ={*<u< A %F A:? *G $?c (o) nIv zhfq zbcvi lczf mcfrfh.
.< G %A | )A F A ? A A9A $? wX k= $A4 *A 0< aF A h Ay KA h A F = =hA*</V A =! $? "
L (O) svfpf zhfq zbcvi lczf mcfrfh.
(M) hxd hNGsBv nmq zbcvi lczf mcfrfh. kAfdl.
zKGf{, Ivp ntfskv iv mcbfufskv i[ifkDoB hstb, nckvfQ yfvde spsrkc nmqdtsk lczf jhct rq, rfk skftf lczfv jde zflh,
dudbn iamfsBv (?) iv hQ dbsNL iamfB bf Kfjfv jfvsB Ivp ntfskv iv ufmfzfkD lczf jhct rsq Kfsj hQ nmq rfk kcst lczf jvsk dbsNL bq.
lczfv ubA rfk skftf dbjx dhlzfk rsh bf. hvQ kf ufsqp, sp jvsh kfv zfwf jdv, k]fvf mbde htshb bf.
sjfb slfN rsh bf. (15) `nftfsk rfdjm' 46ixf W ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf'
v djYc iv mchfvjicvD (v}) k]fslv vfsq vfq dmdtsq hstb, 19ixfq zfpvfj dhb jsqn rsk hdBGk jde rflDn fvf Hsq iamfB jvsk
A9A $? X A ?2 < ? %A :? *F ? wX k= $A4 != $? "
L A %F A =P$A D Q=: I )F A A A: 'A L?2 = @F = <4 = L *< F b? : cG sysqsYb sp,
. < ? F ?2 ? $A%TA < C ?A ? $A%TA < C AP$AR F I, = F ? A ` usbA zfrst sjkfhsj zffr kfqftf LQn jsvdYstb. jfvB kfvf
zKGf{, zfmfv dbje `vfsur' (iafLfbAspfoA zdHmk) sp, ntfskv iv bfmfspv iv dpdjv W lczfsk nmq dlskb bf.' bf.'
lczfv ubA rfk skftf ufsqp. pdl sj jsv, kfv slfN rsh bf b wfzff (iVcb } rfk kcst lczf jvskb bf.) dj rflDsnv mCt hfvsk Lvsbv
kfzftf. zfv zffr zdLj ufsbb. sjfb hfjA sb. stJjq zkA nC[Hfsh rflDsnv zsKG kfrvDI jsv zfrst
Jfsb sJqft jvb sp, Jfsb dhdH iajfsvv W fsbv ltDtdtsj jdk djkfhslv zdHw ydvsv nclv icbvfhxd OdesqsYb!
jsv spZdojHfsh pf iamfB jvsk yfWqf rsqsY hQ pf ndEj mk hst hA jvf hfv rflDsnv mCt zfvfhD iVcb }-
rsqsY kf rt, ntfskv iv lczfv ubA rfk skftf ufsqp. k]fv HfNfsk sjfKfW AaF = F ?2 !? $? "
L = M=B0A <F C A A$?b:? ?hAF 'I $A?2 @AV )< $A@? X $A I, $A@= C A :A$?c j
F c? I F I'A F ?9 F A
ndmdtkHfsh mfm-mcflDv rfk kcst lczf jvfv jKf sb. sjbbf, kfv sjfb A$ H? A = @= = )A F A IL b? < y"
L Q=: I$A *Gb)A < A < A V A *<?2 A$?HA A$?c yQ= @L AA != $? "
L = M=B0A
ltDt sb.
=M'I $A )A F A A = @= = )A F A A C KA L u< = C DQ= A C "
A :? != $? "
L F = ? G9 ?! e
A = V /L A -I RA F c? aX 4
< 'A
mchfvjicvD nfsrh ùfsqp' hstsYb, mcfrfh hf nck hstbdb. zKy zffrv
bhD sKsj iamfB Kfjst skf nck hf mcfrfh rWqfv jKf. kf bq dj? < %A A ?'A F ?2 =BC < a4
< L A$?b:? < A | A Q=@%F )A ?hAF 'I Q= ?2 I$A/|= F $?H Aa/A|? F L u< = )F L Y
A A$A A $A@)F ?2'A /LA
kfrst k hV jub mcrfdn rdkqfk W nkjGkfv nfsK sjht ùfsqp' F ? < LIU:? j
F =4
F A$ c? L u< <MwL -A :? = = V= @F A = ABY
A ?9:? < A < = F ? I, AuA*A :? <|? 7F )A != $? "
L F = ? G9 ?! e
A = V /L
htstb sjb? sjht `ntfskv iv lczfv ubA rfk skftf' ufsqp htstb
sjb? idvjfvHfsh dhkdjGk ufmfzfkD mcbfufksj `nck, mcfrfh' hf jmsn < C A&$A ?2 A$?b:? <MA "
AA DQ= @L A:? A :? aX "
F :? F -I T= A*? A A F A F VG )A F ? < L?2 $C I, =&$A/V= Aa0F ?2 Z=-F )<
jm ùfsqp' htstb bf sjb? ltDst lm sb hst skf? jusbv mfKf, .&$C6
A A F $A) ?Z=
jusbv if, ziv usbv rfk ucsV SkvD slr hst skf? sp wdtv dbsy lfo tfofsbf zfsY, sndtsj iVcb W t[A jvb sp,
kfYfVf zfso htf rsqsY, dbsNL bf Kfjst sp sjfb hflk sp sjfb nmq djHfsh dtv zsKG dJqfbk jvf rsqsY!
jvf pfsh, kf bq. kfrst skf zsbj bkcb bkcb hflk zfdhjfv jvf pfsh. rflDndev nQd[ W ndEj zbchfl rt sp, zft-zfpvfj dhb jfn
Lvb }-
rsk hdBGk, jdlb bhD ntfskv nftfm dIsvsYb, mcrCskG jub nfrfhD dlsq sp rflDndev sJ jsvsYb, kfsk db `kcIft dhb zfmXv'v st
nfsK nfsK nck iVfv ubA l]fdVsqsYb. k{[Bf{ mfv hAdv OfV Lsv `skfIft dhb mfv jsvsYb, spef mfvfkj Hct. dkDqk} rflDndev zsKGW
U]fjfbD dlsq hstb, hsnf! usbA zfrst sjkfhsj zffr kfzftf LQn dkdb Hct jsvsYb. dkdb dtsJsYb, `kfsk zfsY, zffrv vfnCt (n}) rfk kcst
jsvdYstb, jfvB kfslv ntfknmCsrv msLA hAhLfb Kfjk bf. kJb bhD k]fv slfqf jsv htstb - sr zfmfv iftbjkGf zff, slfsnv lcde sYst nr kfslv
dlsj slsJ htstb, sr hbct Jffh! skfmfv fvf zffr kfqftf rj jKf hfJwfw hf [mf jsvf.'
hdtsqsYb. (zfhC lfl) diaq ifEj! zfidb hfv mCt rflDnde ifE jsv slJcb, sjfKfq sdJk
(j) rflDnde nrDr bq; hvQ pqDI. (slJcb } pqDI zfhC lfl) jfvB, zfwzfn jKfdt zfsY?
dhb 'hf lchtG vfhD; spmbde mfm pfrfhD hstsYb. sn pfv dbje rsk rflDnde ?h @A)= A F*A /A4
F $ :? = = *F c? F = aX 4
< 'A < %A A A 4
A $A0A A 4
A $A0 F A A F = AaF |? 6 L?2 = $A4 <l)= A A
oarB jsvsY sn rsY dmbrft dhb JtDIfr, snW pqDI. hsb rfufv mb < F <a F |? 6 < M A :? A{$A /LA <MA )A
F A
A 7A :? < A 4
= A A $A-= A6? b? :? < ? Ac= $A7A ABY
A ?9:? AwI s
A :? AI A :?
dk jsvsYb.
(J) klXnsW rflDndesk ndmdtkHfsh rfk kcst lczfv sjfb iamfB sb. Q = A |? ? A$ b? :? ?ZD'A ?Z= A@AA $A < ? A$?b:? = )F A )A $ 6 fA < <M 'A A h@AA A < /<AF 0A A <M A :? = = $A@A Q=: F A
(o) swA iasBfdlkHfsh rflDndev zbchfl dhjxk jvf rsqsY. mfv -v A{F A : ?2 $ A ?Z@F = A="
F < F ? Q= Aa c= A$?c ?Z)F A )A $ 6 fA < ?A'?2 Q= $A A$?b:? = y = A ? I, Q=TA s
F -I =
U]fjfbD W zfrst djkfshv LQsnv sdJk jfvB zbchfsl sofib jsv, mcbfufk .F |= $?: = )F A A =A L -< C : = C <*< K'A A$?b:? = C I<*K'A ? A <aF |? 6 $A-"
L b? :?
iamfB jvfv ubA `kfvf bfmfspv iv dpdjv W lczfsk nmq dlskb bf.' bf.' sJ
jvf rsqsY. zKy kfslv LQsnv jfvB dYt, kfslv lc ntfskv msLA hAhLfb zKGf{, lfWn sofsv kcIft dhb zfmXv druvk jvst k]fv sofsv j hAd
Kfjk bf. k]fv nfsK druvk jsv. mlDbfv zfhrfWqf zbcjCt bf rWqfv Ist sn hAd
(O) zfnst rflDnde rflDsnv zbcvi pf nrDr mcndtsmv 883, zfhC znc rsq isV. sn zSLpG rsq kDsvv Itf dlsq dbsuv rfskv zfcstv sufV
lfl 1229bQ mcnbfsl zfrmfl 4/95, 99 sk zfsY }- sjse sIst. v Ist kfv lcde rfk rsk nsufsv v iahfdrk rsk Kfsj hQ
idvswsN sn mfvf pfq. kcIft dhb zfmXv kfsj si slsJb, kfv zfjfv-
nfsqh dhb qAfpDl hstb, jlf zfdm mczfdhqf v nfsK (mnduslv)
zfjxdk nclv. dj slJstb, sn kfv rfk lcdesj sTsj zfsY. dkdb kfsj
zfmDv-js[ ucmzfv ntfk zflfq jvtfm. dkdb nftfm dIvst zfdm sE sn
dufnf jvstb, skfmfv iadkiftj skfmfv nfsK dj zfyvB jsvsYb? sn htt,
ufqofsk nck isV dbtfm. zk}iv dkdb (hfnfq) iashw jvst jusbv
mfvI{ zfmfsj sFsj ifdEsq htstb, `kcdm pf jvst kf zfv dkDqhfv jsvf bhD -v dlsj druvk jvfv jfvsB zffr zfmfsj [mf jsv dlsqsYb. dkdb
bf. ucmzfv ntfk nmf jvst jKf htf zKhf shv rsq bf pfWqf ipG kfv htstb, skfmfv rfk lcde Tfjf sjb? sn htt, zfmfsj htf rsqsY, kcdm dbsu pf
nfsK zfv zbA sjfb ntfk dmdtsq isVf bf. jfvB, zffrv vnCt b jsvY, kf jJb dEj jvh bf. kcIft zffrv vnCt -v dbje Oebf
zfmfslvsj zfslw jsvsYb sp, (mfsU) jKf bf hst hf shv rsq bf sosq sjfb Jcst htst zffrv vnCt htstb, sr zffr! zfv kfv rfk lcdesjW [mf
ntfksj spb zbA ntfskv nfsK dmdtsq bf idV.' jsv lfW. (mcndtm 167bQ)
(O) sk dpjXv W lczf zbcmfb jsv iamfB rsk ifsv; ksh rfk kcst hf t[A jvb }-
ufmfzfk jsv bq. iv swA dYt, Ivp ntfskv nfsK dmdtsq nck bf iVf. (j) rflDsn sjfb iajfv ntfskv sJ sb.
mfm zfhC lfl rflDnde sp idvsYsl hBGbf jsvsYb, kfv dwsvfbfm rsY, (J) sdJk nrDr mcndtsmv rflDsn rfk skftfv sjfb jKf sb.
`sn hAd ians sp sn ufqofsk nck isV, sp ufqofsk Ivp isVsY.' (o) rflDsn lfWsnv sYst lc'desj [mf jvfv jKf sb.
(16) `nftfsk rfdjm'-v 19 ixfq stJj skfIft dhb mfv-v bfm (O) `lfWn' jde sofsv bfm. Oebfq sdJk hAdv lc'de rfskv zfvfhD
rsY, = )A A =A nmfdbk stJj sndesj = )A ? A sHsh kfv Hct zKG jsv hsnsYb. sJ zfsY }-
pdlW zsKG zfvhD hfjA rq bf. dkdb cst zfvfhDv dw[j. snJfsb dj aF 0A L -< C A$ b? :? = )F A )A A:? 'A L u< $~)F ?2 AAA = C {= $A) F = A A b? A AjF 7L LIU:? < %F A $L ?2 A$?c L u<
idvmfB zfvfhD iVfsbf rq, kf dkdb HftHfsh zhok zfsYb. nvjfvD yfjcsv .<fF C A
smZthDvf Hfshb sp, spfoAkf zfsY hst k]fvf yfjcdv sisqsYb. dj zfmfslv zKGf{ dkdb Jckhf dlstb hQ kfsk htstb, dbyq nCpG W y zffrv lcde
drnfh s[s zbAvi. zKGf{, spfoA zfdtm nvjfvD yfjcdvsk sost dkdb dblwGb. hBGbfq zdkdvHfsh zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zk}iv dkdb k]fv rfk lcde
mw} zspfoAkfv dlsj Lfhmfb rb. zbchfl YfVf zbA fsbW dhdH kcst htstb, sr zffr! zfdm dj si]ZsY dltfm?
zbchfl kfv iajx iamfB. (j) zfct rfjDm nfsrh lcde rflDsnv dhivDkmcJD zKGnmCrsj j jsv
(17) mf zfsqwfv rflDn, zfdm bfhD jfvDm (n})- (n})-v lcde rfk skftf zhfq dlsqsYb; sk dkdb nkAsj Lfmf-yfif dlsqsYb zKhf k]fv tsm rflDsnv tXmD
k]fsj slJsk
slJsk sitfm, dkdb rpvk nmfsbv (vf) ubA slfqf jvsYb. (nftfsk zfmfbskv zHfh vsqsY.
rfdjm 20ix})
(J) nfmcvfrv rflDsn ntfskv dHksv lczfv sJ vsqsY, ntfskv isv bq.
(j) sk ntfskv isvv jKf sb.
zfsqwfv rflDsn Jckhfv isv rfk skftfv sJ vsqsY, lczfv sJ sb. hvQ
(J) sk ndmdtkHfsh lczf jvfv jKfW sb.
rfk kcst kfhtDsov iv nf[A vfJfv jKf htf rsqsY.
(18) mcntDm wvDsI, zfcv vrmfb hsb nfsmfvfv rfdlsn sjfncI bfmfspv
(o) nfmcvfrv rflDnde sp ntfskv jKf htf rsqsY, kf Ivp bq. kfYfVf
dhhvsB, zfsqwf (vf}) hstb, zfdm bfhD jdvsmv dbje dbje rtfm, dkdb kJb lcde
ntfskv dHksv rfk kcst jcbCskv lczfsk sjfb nmnAf sb.
rfk kcst slfqf jvsYb. ( 20ix})
nckvfQ Lvsbv rflDn fvf Ivp ntfskv isv mfm-mcflD dmst ufmfzfkD
hfv zfncb! zfmvf nvfndv rflDnde nrDr mcndtm rsk isV db }-
lczfv ubA ltDt nQoar jvf jkef pcdpc, kf dh ifEjmtDv iv sYsV
Q = -< KF ?9= Q= TA'F ?2 <@F HG :A$?c = C I<*K'A =&$A F ?2 F = A$?HA !? A < KA I F I A F L = F A F A dltfm.
$A ? I, LA G F ?9 ? = C A < bG :? $A-T<BF A@A:? <jF 7L
F |? A H? F I, = C I<*K'A != $A A Q=: =h@A)= A $= (19) mf zfsqwfv zfsvjde rfdlsn hfjD' zdLhfnDslv ubA k]fv slfqfq rfk
Aa %A s
A :? = )F A )A X := A' != $? "
L Q=: X k= $?c *A 0< A < /<F TA?9:? A$?c IjF 7L = *< HG Q=: = C I*K< A = AA A kctstb. k]fv lcde rfk rfk kctstb dkb hfv. (mcndtm) skfrIfkct zfrhcpD
246ix} (nftfsk rfdjm 20ix})
C A A I F TA'A * K< ?2A c? $A-@F A A = < $L ? :? A$?c $A-@F A A = < /LA *< F )A A < yV? )< A <a -A )< A < A F )A A <yA )< rflDsn jhv dpqfvk jvsk dosq rfk kcst lczfv jKf htf rsqsY. jhv
.I F /A%A H 'A dpqfvsk jhv hfnDv ubA jfjD rfk kcst lczf jvf nck. sk sjfb nslr
HfhfKG rt, nfrfhD zfcv vrmfb dhb nfmcvfr zffrv vnCt -v sb. dj dlsq Ivp ntfskv iv rfk kcst mfm-mcflD dmst ufmfzfkD
uDhwfq mlDbfsk kDv yftfskb. kAhnsv nCpGoarB rst dkdb kDvdtsj lczf iamfB jvf pfq bf.
(20) mfdhusq - zfhC vfvfv nchrx { rflDsn - dkdb k]fv lcde rfk kcst
svsJ zffrv vnCt -v dbje yst zfsnb ubA sp, dkdb mcrCskG dj
slfqf jvsk tfostb. ( 20ix})
jvsYb, kf slJshb. dkdb slJstb, vfnCtcfr ntfk zhfq l]fdVsq rfk
rflDnde nrDr mcndtm rsk oxrDk , pfv wfhtD dbmvi }-
lcdesj sftbiChjG `nchrfbffr', `tf tfrf ffr' W `zff zfjhfv'
htsYb W lczf jvsYb, zk[B jvstb, pk[B bf nCpG oarB lCv rsq sot. A C < A F )A Aa%A s
A :? = )F A )A A:? 'A A =F A ? I, A ? A /LA = F ? A $? %A :? $?|"
L TA?2 = := A*>? F = AA :? $L ? :?
zk}iv dkdb lcde nCvf iVfv mfLAsm lc' vfjzfk ntfk zflfq jvstb. .*A < F )A F ?2 AP$AR $A = *< F )A A
t[A jvb sp, nfmcvfr W zfsqwfv rflDn j bq. zfsqwfv rflDsn Jckhfv
zk}iv dkdb pJb kfWqfI sKsj Ifsvo rstb, kJb nfIf ifrfsV ysV ef zfmfsj irfv vi slWqf rsqsY.' jKf sb zffrv vnCt sE
jf'hfv dlsj kfdjsq dbsuv rfk lcdesj kctstb hQ zffrv iawQnf jvsk W lfqmfb rsq zffrv iawQnf W dk hBGbf jsv htstb, zk}iv hdt sp,
Yfmk lczf jvsk tfostb. zffr zfmfsj sp njt jsmGv zdLjfvD jsvsYb kfv mLA rsk sjfbW jsmGv
rflDn fvfW Ivp ntfskv iv ufmfzfkD lczf iamfB rq bf. i[fsv pf skfmfslv jfsj jmGyfvD dbsqfo jvst sn dIsv sn hst dj bf, èf
iamfB rq kf nf jvsk dosq nfIf ifrfsV ysV jfjD rfk kcst lczf. zfv zfibfslv, zfv ef irfv vi zfmfsj slWqf rsqsY!' pdl sn nkAhflD rq,
kfsk jfsvf dmk sb. ksh kfv hfi-mfsqv Osv hsn sKsj slsJ bf sjb, kfsj sjfb irfv slWqf
(21) hcJfvD mcntDsm, hbck kchfqAfv fqAfv (?!) dhhvsb zfhC srfmfsqslv rfdlsn, rsY djbf? zffrv jnm; skfmfslv msLA sp sj sjfb dudbn zbdLjfv oarB
dkdb (n}) mbHfsh rfk kctstb, hBGbfjfvD htsYb, zfdm k]fv (n}) hostv jvsh sn djqfmskv dlb kf dbu OfsV hrb jvf zhfq zffrv nfsK nf[f{
LCnvvQ (zbA rfdlsn nsIlD) slJsk sitfm. dkdb (n}) htdYstb, sr zff jvsh. zkh zfdm spb zhwA dybsk bf ifdv sp, skfmfslv mLA rsk sj
(kfhdto jvsk ifvtfm? zfdm dj iayfv jvsk sisvdY?) zfdm dj si]ZYfsk dbu OfsV dy]dr]-vhdhdw ]e, zKhf rff-vhdhdw of, zKhf sm-]sm]-vhdhdw
ifvtfm? ( 20-21ix}) Yfot hrb jvf zhfq zffrv nfsK nf[f{ jsvY.
(j) zfct rfdjm nfsrh! (rfdIpfjcmcf zfdbt dIkfb.) zfibfv nfsK zk}iv bhD k]fv Hq rfksj iv dlsj kef kctstb sp, k]fv Hq
zfmfv nf[f{ sb. dj zfibfv h isV msb rsY sp, zfidb rflDn dbsq hostv kf slJf sot. zk}iv (dkbhfv) htstb, sr zffr! zfdm dj
oHDv zLAqb jsvbdb. bst sp sjfb jfvsB rfk Efsbf srfj bf sjb, si]ZsY dltfm? (hcJfvD 6979, 7174, mcndtm 1832bQ, zfhC lfl)
zfidb kfsk Ivp ntfskv iv ufmfzfkD lczfv ubA rfk Efsbf rsqsY hst (j) zfidb rflDsn hbct tckdhqAfr wsj Hct jsv jde tfm sYsV isV
hcsU pfsYb W zbAsj hcUfsbfv ubA h dtsJ sIstsYb. zhfj tfosY ubA `hbck kchfqAf' msb jsvsYb. JfsbW zfibfv zfvfhD fsbv oHDvkf
sp, zfibfv fsbv hrvsj wkGrDbHfsh nmKGb jsv hqfb dlsqsYb zflfu jvf spsk ifsv.
kKfjdKk wfJct rflDnslv jsqjub! k]fvf jde debDW slbdb! (J) zffrv vnCt hbct tckdhqAfrv Hct dnfsv iadkhfsl Jckhfr
pf srfj, rflDnde jhfv isV dbb W slJcb, zfibfv lfhDv nmKGsb djYc dlsqdYstb. zk}iv lc rfk kcst zffrsj khtDsov iv nf[D svsJ kfv
zfsY dj bf? nisjG wvDqskv ndEj dnf iayfv jsvdYstb. sn ubA dkdb dkbhfv iaw
< F < ? < $ b? )< O KA ?2 @= A F = 4
< 'A D = @L AaA %F /AKF A$?c D.= = $L O F A < Q ?2 F A svsJdYstb zffrv dbjse hst sp, dkdb dj khtDsov lfdqk iftb jvsk
I A@F = ? A D = @L A$ b? :? . = A.= 0F G2 AB0A A F VG ? AB0A A$?c A =c? $L ? :? Ohc? A A ? A hL = / n[m rsqsYb?
(o) sk bf zfsY ntfskv isv lczfv jKf, zfv bf zfsY ufmfzfkD lczfv
C -A :? . = AB0A A ?Z? AB0A <*Gb)A T= 9A :? < <%A F A Ia= $A% < $A $A :A$?c L u< = F ? A @AuF ?2A A C A = A :? sjfb dhNq.
AP$ 4
A CqI, OPF 7A = T= 9)A ?q =M= A = = | A .=BC A ?q F ?2 < ? .A -F )< ?2 < G @F A :? = y G2A = = ?2 =F A := Aj? 4
A (22) zfcf hsb mfv rsk hdBGk, bfhD (n}) rpvk hafrDm (zf}) hQ
< %A F TA ! $AR F ?2 'X A*Y
< $A-? ! A b? A F ?2 PX $?'< < ? e%= A A$?H F I, = /= Ac? 'A ? A < G = F )A =hA $A b= A*F )A = = rpvk nf (zf})v dhhvB dlsk dosq k]fv lcde rfk kcst htstb, `sr tfrD!
zfmfv mfk?' (iaf 21ix})
.$u? uA <fF C A aF 0A ?q?2 = F 6? F I, F TAA | < $A@)F ?2'A /LA = )F A )A A:? 'A L u< . (j) zfcfr dhb mfv bq; zfcfr dhb zfmXv rsk hdBGk.
zfhC mfl nfsqlD hstb, bhD hbD zfnfslv hsb tckXdhqAfr bfmj (J) hafrDm W nf (zf}) nidjGk lcde zfqfk sktfzk jsv bhD dbu
j hAdsj pfjfk zflfq jvfv jfsu jmGyfvD dbsqfo jvstb. sn hAd rfk lcdesj kcst htstb, sr zffr! zfmfv mk?
(zflfqjxk mft nr) dIsv sn htt, èf zfibfslv (hfqkct mfstv), zfv JfsbW ntfk hfsl lczf bq. zfv ufmfzfkD lczfW bq.
(23) rpvk mfv Ifvj rsk hdBGk, zffrv vnCstv iv WqfrD vfsJ. (dmwjfk, kfrjDj nr rflDn bQ228)
(iakAfslw) zhkDBG rskf, kJb k]fv nmcJHfso smZmfdYv bbfbD wsv ---- zfct rfjDm nfsrh zbchfl jsvsYb, `mcntmfbslv ufmfzfksj zhwA
--------- sjhtfmcJ rstb hQ lc'de rfk kcst slfqf jvstb. ( 21ix}) z]fjsV Lsvf, jfvB kfslv ndmdtk slfqf k]fslv iyf{ dlj sKsj (hftf
(j) iaKmk} rflDnde nrDr bq. (slJcb dntdntfr pqDIfr 1242bQ) mdnhk) zfesj vfsJ.'
(J) dkDqk} de ntfskv isvW bq hQ ufmfzfkD lczfW bq. ufdb bf, dkdb rflDsnv wfhtDv msLA sjfbX wdev kuGmf `ndmdtk'
(24) nfmf hstb, zfvfIfq bfhD jfdvsmv (n}) iyfsk Kfjf jfdtb k]fv jsvsYb. msb rq, dkdb Dq mkth rfdnstv ubA dbu isje rsk hxd
lc'rfk kcst slfqf jvsk Kfjstb -----. ( 21ix}) jsvsYb.
lczfv hAfifsv sjfb dmk sb. zfvfIfskv mqlfsb rfuDoB rfk kcst zfv mfUrfvt ntfm nfsrh zKG jsvsYb, `jfvB ufmfqfskv slfWqf
jfjD lczf jsv Kfsjb. zfv kf ntfskv ivW bq hQ ufmfzfkD lczfW bq. njtsj dOsv Kfsj.' k]fv mfsbefW swA iasBfdlk. jfvB rflDndesk mb
zfvfIfq mrfbhD nfrfhfslvsj dbsq spfrv-zfnv umf jsv isVsYb. sjfb w sb.
sisqsYb sjfKfW t[ nfrfhfv msLA jusbv hBGbf sp, dkdb dhwft rflDnde dhdH hBGbfq dhdHHfsh snsY, sndtsj t[A jvb }-
ufmfzfskv ncspfo oarB jsv ntfskv iv rfk kcst ufmfzfkD lczf #! q h $@ a % Y, : c - af) q u ()
jsvsYb? / )Q 6 K s%# . -k' -T* U: -/ $1 w
(25) zfhC lfl (vr}) nclv nfbfsl hBGbf jsvsYb, ---- icbvfq vnCt (n})
k]fv lcde rfk kcst dkdb htstb, `sr zff skfmfv Hjfmbf, skfmfv zbcoar, (
skfmfv jvBf nfl hsb hflfv hQsw hdNGk jsvf.' w B h $6 a % Y, : \ c - af) q u ()
iaKmk} rflDn nrDr bq. (slJcb } pqDI zfhC lfl, zfthfbD) dkDqk} kf
(/) H$( ' / . -k' -T* U: # h $1
ntfskv isv bq hQ ufmfzfkD lczfW bq. hvQ nf'l -v Hd W dJlmk
ialwGsbv dhdbmq vi lczf. ( / ) Q 6 e V s%# .F 0< APA'A F A G = T< F -< TA*A F A LIU:? ()
(26) `nftfsk rfdjm'-v 29ixfq hQ ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv ( / ) H$( ' / . -k' *VT -T* U: ()
slfWqf' 47 ixfq dtJf rsqsY, pfv HfhfKG rt, `slfqf skf hflfk, jf jvsk
2 $ g @ . k' *VT -T* $: h $ i w +* h "@ ( )
ifsv, nhf dmst jvsk ifsv. uskmfqD slfqf shwD jhct rq.'
ltDt vi dmwjfskv djkfhct tXsmv dkDq zLAfq rsk jde rflDsnv . Q P '2 ( / ) $ ' %R $V 9 a @
zQwdhswN Hsq bjt jsvsYb. rflDnde rsY dbmvi }- (j) t[A jvb sp, rflDsn sdJk `mcntmfbslv ufmfzfk' mfsb sjfb
-/ $ 1 w h " @ a % Y, c - af) q u nQoEb bq, sjfb mnduslv ufmfzfk bq. hvQ ufmfzfk sKsj swA j
aY # m Qb- Q%:$7 M '. -k ' -T* U: vfsbkfv zLDsb slswv nmoa ufmfzfk hf ufdk. sn ufmfzfk sKsj dhdY
rsk dbsNL jvf rsqsY.
zKGf{, dkbde dhNq mb zfsY, pfsk sjfb mcndtsmv rlq dJqfbk jvsk (J) rflDsn sdJk `lfWqfk' mfsb `slfqf' hf `slfWqf'bq hQ ufmfzfkD
ifsv bf. (j) dbsHGuftHfsh zffrv ubA zfmt jvf. (lc) nfLfvB slfqfW bq; spmb hcUfsbf rsqsY. hvQ kfv mfsb hflwf hf wfnsjv zfrhfb.
mcndtmslv ubA jtAfB jfmbf jvf. (dkb) mcndtmslv ufmfzfksj z]fjsV Lsv iadBLfb jvb mcrfdnDbslv hAfJAf }-
Kfjf. sjbbf, k]fslv (jAhkfv) zfrhfb k]fslv njtsj idvshb jsv
a 02 @ M$ @% : (h 6 -k' Q0 2 -k' -T* U:) : *c $ 2 sKsj?!'
(j) rflDn sKsj ntfskv iv rfk kcst spZK lczf iamfB rq bf.
$ c9: $ , V) - $ , {$ , #' $" 2 " m h $ i a02 2 %
(J) mfsmv nfsK mcflDv nijG nftfm dIvf ipG. nftfm dIvf rsq sost
a H U : M*' *% /4 - | $ $ , %* $ g* ~ ! 0 B " # Z a02 bfmfpW swN, dlfW swN. zkh lczfv sJqfbk rst rsk rsh bfmfspv
V) , $ g Z h $> m *Y - w ) $:[ m # - $ 2 -| Y dHksv; bfmfspv hfsv bq. spmbde mfUrfvt ntfm nfsrh k]fv hsqv 19
ixfq sJ jsvsYb sp, nftfm dIvf rst kfv ubA (mcflDv) nh rftft rsq
2 ) q $ -/ $4, - h6 !* $- Z B $: % $ | o | $ $@ % pfq. ksh dkdb sjfb dhNsqv `nfhbf' sp jde ltDt snef dlsq nftfm dIvfv
q - / . { $ : h V /Y $ , h $c, m $# $-@ / isvW `ntfskv mfm' mcflDslv ubA mfm sKsj pfb - ef iamfB jvfv syf
( / ) jsvsYb. zkh spZK lczf bf rst sJqfbk iamfdBk rsh bf. spsrkc dkdb
kJbW mfm KfjsYb kJb spZK lczf jvsk rsh.
hsb zfct hfvG hstb, tfmfosBv dbje Ìff lfWqfkfm skfdrskf dmb ltDt drsnsh dkdb (zfbct mf'hCl 1m J 37ix}) rsk zfvfhD hfvk
zvfsqdrm'-v
zvfsqdrm' zKG sp, mcndtmslv sjfb vfsv ufmfzfskv mfm bjt jsvsYb,
(vfsbkf) mfvf sost hQ kfslv mfm bf Kfjst pJb mfmrDb vfsv
.aY $H *H a / / % P$
stfsjvf kfslv ubA jub mfm dbhGfyb jvsh; k]fv hAfifsv jmk rsh,
k]fsj dbsq n rsh, kJb kfslv iyfsk W nfmsb lCv-lCvfs sp njt zKG jsvsYb, `nftfm dIdvhfv iv mfm dbsuv ubA slfWqf Jfn jvst
mcntmfb Kfjsh, kfslv ubA mfsmv zfbcoskA iashw jvf uvvD rsh; pdl dJqfbk rsh, spmb bfmfspv msLA slfWqfsj Jfn jvst dJqfbk jvf rq.'
dkdb iajfwAvsi ififyfv W Ifnfsl dt bf Kfsjb hQ kfsk idvdyk bf rb. ef jmf ltDstv pfvf iCBG dJqfbk jvsk zHA k]fvf mb nfhbf
jfvB (k]fslv) zfrhfb kfslvsj ( lCvhkGD mcntmfbslvsj) idvshb jsv hA jvsk ifsvb. spJfsb vfnCtcfr `kfrtDtcrfk kfntDm' fvf ntfk
Kfsj. sn zfrhfsb nfVf slWqf Wqfsuh. sn zfrhfsb nfVf bf dlsq didYsq nidjGk dhNqfdl rsk mc sOfNBf jsvsYb, snJfsb pcvoB ltDstv isv
Kfjfv jfsvf zhjfw sb. spsrkc (kfvf mfm bf smsb zbA mfm mfbst) `rdkmft' W nfhbfsj iafLfbA lfb jsv (mcbfufk-dhsvfLD) mfmsj
lcub mfm dbhGfysb zSbjA W dhdYkf nxd rsh. (kfmrDl 22/108-109) dJqfbkjfvDvsi dydrk jsvsYb. zffr slv [mf jvb.
hcUsk ifvsYb sp, sjfKfq bfbDv jhv, zfv sjfKfq zfmvf j]fldY? (o) zfdlrDb jft (?) sKsj iaydtk ncfskv sJtfi jsvsYb qQ zfmfslv
(27) `vfnCt (n}) hstsYb } dkbde jfu, kf jfsvf is[ jvf rftft hf ShL zflwG mrfbhD . nckvfQ ufmfzfkD bfmfspv mfmdk jvsk dosq hcsj rfk
bq. iaKm jfu, sp hAd sjfb sofsv mfmkD jsv, sn mcjkflDslvsj bf dbsq sh]sL lczfsq dIkfrsk hstsYb, `zffmf hfsql hfbD---.' zKGf{, sr
slfqf jsv Kfsj, kfrst sn kfslv i[ sKsj zfmfbskv dJqfbk jvt---. zffr! kcdm zfmfv---. lc nfulfv mfsU hstsYb, `vfdodIv tD--.' (zfmfsj
dmwjfk' [mf jv.) sjht dbsuv ubA jhysbv w hAhrfv jsvsYb. zbcvi zfsvf
`sjfb mfsmv dy{ bq sp, mcfdloBsj hfl dlsq sjht dbsuv ubA slfWqf zbAfbA lczfskW dkdb jhyb w hAhrfv jsvsYb. zKy dbyq kf sJqfbk
jvsh kfrf rst sn mfm mcfdlv ns dJqfbk jvt. bq.
(iaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf 26ix}, nftfsk rfdjm 31ix}) (O) zfv kfv mfsb rt, sJqfbskv rflDn zfmtspfoA bq.
swsNf hsqv 32 ixfq stJj zfsvf dtsJsYb, `Jfsb mfsmv jkGshA spZK rflDsnv hAfifsv mcrfdn zfthfbD rflDnde z iamfB jsv dj htsYb
slfqf jvfv psK dk hrb jvsY. ef skf iaydtk ncfk zbfdl jft bcb}-
b h T M c2 * $ l) ( Q $ 67 hwY V c zfuW kf Hfstf tfso. dj kf wvDqk-nmk bq ufbfv iv sKsj mrk
KfjskW huGb jsvdY. spsrkc wvDqskv zfmt sjht Hfstf msb jsv mrk W
$-~% o K c :g hf " $ g* 0 ! " m @ l)$ 2 h $ Z
zfshohsw iftb jvst rq bf, zfnst kf kvDjfsq mcrfmflD dj bf -kf
- 2 # h $ Y Z * V) 2 ") V: (/) &$/V m slJsk rq. spsrkc dkdb hstb, sp hAd mb sjfb zfmt jsv, pfsk
rflDsnv dkDq zQwdesj hbc Jcpfmf ùft' hst zdHdrk jsvsYb hQ zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb, kf iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm)
Ifqnftfq hbc kfdmqAfr W hbct jfsqm (v}) jmkA iajfw jsvsYb. (32) `shfJfvD W mcntDm tDm wvDsI jde hV rflDsn hdBGk zfsY, --- mfbcN pJb
spsrkc bhD -v mfm zhfv zdLjfQw (lczfv) rflDn jhyb ws hdBGk jdk rsq dpdjv jsv hQ ufrffm sKsj mcd W uffk tfsHv lczf jsv. jsv.
rsqsY. pfv djYc rflDn (W lczf) djkfshv (1/321) ifv rsq sosY. kJb zffr kfzftf sIsvfslvsj hstb sp, skfmvf f[D sKsjf. zfdm k]fslv
zkh jKf djHfsh rsk ifsv sp, dkdb pfslv mfmdk jsvsYb, kfslv nm ifi [mf jsv dltfm. (dmwjfk)'
dJqfbk jsvsYb? (kfmfmct dmfr 1/278) rflDn fvf ufmfzfkD dpjXv hf Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf iamfdBk
(28) vnCtcfr (n}) hstb, lczf zsi[f nmfdbk sjfb dhNq sb. (dkvdmpD, rq bf. rflDsn sn mudtn d, pfsk zffrv dpjXv Kfsj. spmb, knhDr-
hsb mfufr, nftfsk rfdjm 38ix}) kfrtDt-kjhDv, lczf, jcvzfb sktfzk, rflDn ifE, ntfmD uftnf kAfdl.
(29) sp zffrv jfsY iafKGbf jsv bf, zffr kfv iv vfofdbk rb. (33) `nrDr rflDsnv zfm ltDt fvf iamfdBk zfsY sp, bfhD (nf}) ufmfzfk
(dkvdmpD 5/456, hsb mfpfr 2/125, nftfsk rfdjm 40ix}, iaswfsv 49ix}) nrjfsv lc rfk kcst lczf zf jsvsYb hQ nfrfhfsq sjvfm (vf}) lczfv iadk
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htstb, `sr zfhc zfcv vrmfb! zfdm mndusl [db mb jfu slJtfm, pf
zfqfk nisjG htf rq sp, ncrfqh vmD -v hAfifsv bfdpt rsqsY.
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Jsbf dhb rqdb. kf]v ifnmCr Jsbf Ho rqdb. kf]v wiK pf]v rfsk zfmfv zKGf{, skfmvf pKfpKHfsh ntfk iV W pfjfk lfW hQ vjCjfvDslv ns
iafB zfsY! skfmvf mb dmfsk zfY pf mcrfmfl -v dmfk zsi[f vjC jv. (nCvf hfjfvfr 43 zfqfk)
swakv zKhf skfmvf kfv fv lXOfebjfvD?!' Wvf htt, `zffrv jnm, *'! K () {*GcL |? TA ?qA $% = 4 A = E IaF A = " <* = /AF A}
sr zfhc zfcv vrmfb! zfmvf Hftv Yf jsvdY.' dkdb htstb, `dj jk zKGf{, skfmvf njst zffrv vdw (LmG hf jcvzfb)sj w jsv Lv hQ
Hfstfv zdHtfND Hfstfv bfoft ifq bf! zhwA zffrv vnCt zfmfslvsj iviv dhdY rsqf bf. (nCvf zfst mvfb 103 zfqfk)
rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb sp, j nialfq jcvzfb ifE jvsh, dj kfslv ifE '* @ *'! K () {$T$A/RF ?2 F ?2 $% = 4
A *G HG 9TA ?2 X $A@4< F VG F ? A AjF ? }
(sktfzk) kfslv j zdkm jvsh bf. zfv zffrv jnm! ufdb bf,
nhk} kfslv zdLjfQw skfmfslv mLA rsk.' zKGf{, skfmvf js zfrfv jv zKhf ixKj ixKjHfsh zfrfv jv kfsk
zk}iv dkdb snJfb rsk iafb jvstb. zfmXv dhb nftfmfr hstb, skfmfslv ubA sjfb zivfL sb. (nCvf bCv 61 zfqfk)
`brvWqfsbv dlb ShEjnmCsrv zdLjfQw stfjsj JfWqfsvuslv nfsK nckvfQ sp sjfbW zfslw iftb djHfsh jvsk rsh; ufmfzfkhHfsh, bf
slsJdYtfm. pfvf zfmfslv (rpvk zftD W zbAfbA nfrfhfslv) dhvs pc jjHfsh kf ufbfv ubA ixKj zhAq hf ltDt pf zffrv vnCt rsk
tVdYt.' (dntdntfr nrDrfr 2005bQ) iamfdBk rsk rsh. ef rsY wvDqskv bDdk kKf zfvfhD HfNfv dbqm. mrfb
hcUf sot sp, sjfb zfm hflk Yfmk nmq W idksk jvf pfq bf; pdl zffr hstsYb,
bf sn idk wvDqk jkGj x zbcsmfdlk rq. ! b *'! K () {!? $?HwL <* T A !? ? " L <* c= ?2A }
(4) rpvk mWtfbfq dbsuslv ifdskAv oHDvkfv iamfB dlsk dosq mb zKGf{, skfmvf bfmfp jfsqm jv hQ pfjfk ialfb jv. (nCvf hfjfvfr 110
nh dwnctH jKf dtsJsYb, pf isV ndkA rkhfj rsk rq sp, jub dw[j zfqfk)
mb jKf djHfsh dtJsk ifsvb? *'! K () {*G:I F T< ?qA <*A RF A* G HG A }
ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slWqf' 15 ixfq ubfh mfUrfvt ntfm zKGf{, skfmvf ifbfrfv jv. (nCvf zf'vfI 31 zfqfk)
nfsrh dtsJsYb, ùfmfzfk nrjfsv slfWqf Ivp. jfvB ddJk zfqfsk *0 !'*K () {= F ? I, <*<*T L u< F VG L'A =| <fF /AKF A}
dqfdt hhyb fvf hdBGk.'
`nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm' 36 ixfq zfct rfdjm nfsrh dtJsYb, (o) zKGf{, skfmvf skfmfslv vshv jfsY [mf iafKGbf jv zk}iv k]fv dbje
ùfmfqfk nrjfsv slfqf jvf.jvf. jfvB,
jfvB, nCvf mcdmsbv 60bQ
60bQ zfqfsk dqfdt kWhf (iakAfhkGb) jv. (nCvf rCl 90 zfqfk)
:$ !'*K () {F VG ?
F s= /AKF ?2 Q= *< F < VG D'A A$?cA } zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf bhDv iv (ufmfzfkhHfsh) lvl W
zKGf{, skfmvf zfmfv jfsY lczf jv, zfdm kf jhct jvh. (nCvf mc'dmb zfqfk) nftfm iV. (nCvf zfrpfh 56 zfqfk)
diaq ifEj! sdJk zKGnmCr hhyb dqf fvf iajfw jvf rsqsY. zfidb {AF A '< AA = C I H = ? I, F*%A KF $?: =h%A < s
< I*F )A = != $? "
L = = <*AI, @<*A A )=BC $A-)D?2 $A)}
htcb, dt dj nh ufmfzfkhHfsh rsk rsh? dtv hAfifsv dhswNslv zKGf{, ucmzfv zfpfb rst skfmvf (ufmfzfkhHfsh) zffrv dpjXsvv ubA
zfmt dj Lvsbv zfsY? pdl umfv nDofv ubA jnfsK jvfv dbslGw zfsY hst nkv pfW hQ q-dhq huGb jv. (nCvf ucmczfr 9 zfqfk)
Lsv sbWqf pfq, kfrst bDsyv zfqfkdtv zKG djHfsh vifdqk rsh, lqf jsv isvv zbchflnmCr rfpvfkct zffm zfct rfdjm W mfUrfvt ntfm
h dtsJ ufbfshb. nfsrhfsbv lfhDv dHdsk jvf rt. zfwf jdv k]fvf zbchfsl zfbdlk rsq
P$ @ *'! K () {P$A @y A y VG ? A&$?> $A <*V= $?:} zfqfskv lfhD zbcpfqD zfmt v jsv slshb. dj zbchfl sp dEj bq, kf
zKGf{, nckvfQ bfvDslv msLA pfsj skfmfslv Hft tfso; lc, dkb zKhf yfv njst zbcHh jvsYb. sdJk zfslwnmCr ufmfzfkhHfsh jfpGjvD jvfv
(ufmfzfkhHfsh) dhhfr jv. (nCvf dbnf 3 zfqfk) zKG dbsk rst ncfsk vnCt rsk kfv k ltDt siw jvsk rsh.
htf hftA, hhysbv w fvf ufmfzfkD lczf iamfdBk rq bf.
! b *'! K () {F /<F R= L?2 F VG uAF A <*T9:? F VG C
X F A F HG < A = }
kfYfVf Lc ufmfzfskv nfsK bq; hvQ jfjD lczf jvstW mrfb zffr
zKGf{, skfmfslv D skfmfslv s[kvi, nckvfQ skfmfslv s[sk spHfsh jhcstv Wqflfr dlsqsYb. slJcb, mrfb zffr hstb,
Yf (ufmfzfkhHfsh) omb jv!!! (nCvf hfjfvfr 223 zfqfk) ! b *'! K () {I$A A AI, IL * ?! A F A< 4 = G2
X )I c? QyIU:? Qy@A =$A= ?Z? ?9KA AI,A }
! b *'! K () {L 0< <R= $A A[$?:}
zKGf{, zfmfv lfnoB pJb zfmfv (zhfb) ns skfmfsj dufnf jsv,
zKGf{, --- nckvfQ skfmvf Jb kfslv nfsK (ufmfzfkhHfsh) nm kJb kcdm ht, zfdm skf jfsY zfdY. pJb sjfb iafKGbfjfvD zfmfsj Ffsj,
jv!!! (nCvf hfjfvfr 187 zfqfk) zfdm kfv Ffsj nfVf dl. (sj zfmfv jfsY lczf jvst, zfdm kfv lczf jhct
6 *'! K () {L 0< *Gb 6? :? } jdv.)
zKGf{, kfslvsj (ufmfzfkhHfsh) kftfj lfW. (nCvf kftfj 1 zfqfk) Jfsb jhyb w hAhrfv jvf rsqsY.
! b *'! K () {!? $?HwL <* T A } jcvzfb mfuDslv dhdH lczfq sjfKfW jhyb hQ sjfKfW hhyb w
hAhrfv rsqsY, zfv kfv mfsb bq sp, lczf jfjD jvsk rsh zKhf
zKGf{, skfmvf (ufmfzfkhHfsh) pfjfk ialfb jv. (nCvf hfjfvfr 43 zfqfk)
ufmfzfkhHfsh jvsk rsh. djHfsh jvsk rsh, kf ufbsk rst bhD mcrfmfl
&w *'! K () {$ = ?2A ! A V < <M*< yKA A }
-v zflwG zfmfslvsj zbcnvB jvsk rsh. dbsuv i[ sKsj zbcmfb hf
zKGf{, skfmvf njft-nAfq (ufmfzfkhHfsh) k]fv knhDr iV. (nCvf djqfn jsv bq. zkh dbdGLfq jKf htf spsk ifsv sp, `nCvf mc'dmsbv 60bQ 60bQ
zfrpfh 42 zfqfk) dqfdt hhyb fvf hAhrk rsqsY' hst ufmfzfkD mcbfufk iamfB rq bf.
!'*K () { <-L >C $?: $@<4
< F /<@GH I,A *G = $: != "
L ? I, F /<F cG AI, @<*A A )=BC $A-)D?2 $A)} kfYfVf zfqfsk skf Ivp ntfskv isvv jKfv bfmoW sb.
! k$# (5) hfjD Kfjt mcIkDosBv ltDtdhrDb Iskfqf, kf sj mfbsk hfLA bq.
zKGf{, skfmvf (ufmfzfkhHfsh) WpC jv ---- sofnt jv. (nCvf mflfr 6 spmb IfkWqf vfrDdmqf W shsrD ofWrfsvv jKf. pf rfbfID mprfshv mcIkD
zfqfk) nfsrhfbslv mdj-ianCk Iskfqf, kf jcvzfb W nrDr ncfrv zbcnfvD `zfrst
&w *'! K () {$ =F TA <* KA A = F ? A *A @<*A A )=BC $A-)D?2 $A)} rflDn' tfmf W uboB sjb mfbshb? rfbfID Iskfqfv jKf sJ jsvsYb
zfct rfdjm nfsrh k]fv icdjfv 14 W 24-26 ixfq. vfofdhk rsqdYstb. zdkHd W zHd mfbcsNv rjiK-iafdv isK zvfq
zfmvf `zfrst rflDn' zfmvf jfsvf kfjtDl (zfbcjvB) jdv bf, ltDt rsq l]fVfq. sn ubA sjfb hV zfstsmv Iskfqfsk OfhVfsbfv djYc sb. mcIkD
susb zbcnvB jdv mf. hsb kfdmqAfr hf hbct jfsqsmv kfjtDl bq; mcrfmfl wID' rfbfID k]fv kfInDv `mfzfdvIct jcvzfb'- nCvf mcrfmfslv
hvQ kfjtDl rsk rsh jmf jcvzfb W nrDr ncfrv. pdl jfvW d swN zfqfskv hAfJAfq dtsJsYb sp, zfqfkde mfm zfhC rfbDIf W k]fv
jcvzfb W nrDr ncfrv zbcjCst rq, zfv pdl k]fv jKf smsb sbWqf rq, kfrst nryvhxslv ubA zhkDBG rsqsY! p]fvf mb mcIkDosBv siafifoffsk fbwCbA
iajkx is[ snJfsb jcvzfb W nrDr ncfrsj mfbf rq. rb W syfsJ nvsNv Ict slJsk v jsvb, kfslv ubA zfmfslv ivfmwG,
zfmfslv ubA ShL bq lczf ufsqp jvfv ubA zfcv vrmfb mchfvjicvD `jcvzfb W ncfrv zbcnfvD rb.'
(vr})v kfjtDl jvf, spmb ShL bq mfodvshv zfso lc' vfjzfk bIt ntfk (6) hfjD Kfjt, rfnfb hfnvD W k]fv iVwDv jKf. kf ufdb bf sp, kf dEj bf
iamfB jvfv ubA k]fv kfjtDl jvf. spsrkc dkdb ntfksj dhlzfk hstbdb. shdEj? kfYfVf kfsk rfk skftfv jKfW sb. bsy{ sn `zf-nf-v' sjfb
zfmfslv dyk, iaskAsjv ltDt slsJ dhyfv jvf. k]fv mk pdl ltDstv rflDnoas zfsndb sjb? sp sjfb dkrfn oa hf oasv Icesbfe (rfdwqfr) sKsj
zbcjCst rq, kfrst kf smsb sbWqf. dhdY sjfb Oebf siw jsv hflskv mk vkiCBG dhNq iamfB jvf pfq bf.
Jfsb jde nrDr rflDsnv ifibf dhNqde hcUfv ubA nrfqj rsh }- lfrvB vi nftfsmv IpDtk snsY. Jb zfibfv ns zfmfv slJf rt
mvfb dhb nfb hstb, vnCtcfr (jlf) zfnsvv ntfk iVstb W mndusl, ntfk swsN nftfm dIvfv iv slJdY zfidb zfmfv ifsw. zfdm
kfsk kxkDq vfjzfsk nftfm dIvfstb. zk}iv dkdb dbu oxsr iashw jvstb. zfibfsj nftfm jvtfm, mcnfIfrf jvtfm. de ufsqp.
dJvhfj bfmj (jub nfrfhD) p]fv rfk djYcef tf dYt dkdb k]fv dbjse sj pdl hst, iaskAj Ivp ntfskv iv iaskAj mcnDv sj zisvv nfsK
sostb W htstb, `sr zffrv vnCt! (ntfk dj zfu sKsj jm rsq sosY, bf nftfm-mcnfIfrf jvf ufsqp hf mcfrfh. kfrst rsh mcwdjt. Jb pdl sjfb
zfidb Hcst sosYb?)' nfrfhD hf kfshqD sKsj dhdY sjfb Oebf sb Ivp ntfskv iv nftfm-
jKf sb dkdb vfofdhk rsq dbsuv yflvsj efbsk efbsk stfsjslv jfsY mcnfIfrf mcfrfh iamfB jvsk yfb, kfrst kf dbyq oarBspfoA bq; pk[B bf
si]ZYstb hQ k]fslvsj htstb, stfjef dj nkA htsY? k]fvf htstb, mcrfmflcv vfnCtcfr sKsj sjfb hqfb ifWqf pfsh. dbsNL bf KfjstW
ùD r]Af.' kfviv dkdb j vfjzfk zflfq jvstb, kfviv nftfm dIvstb. zHAfn dhlzfk hst idvodBk rsh.
kfviv lcde nfulfr jvstb, zk}iv nftfm dIvstb. (mcndtm, dmwjfk rflDn bQ rpvkct zffm zfct rfjDm W mfUrfvt ntfm nfsrhfb IfkfWqf
1021) nfbfqAfr W bfpDdvqAfr rsk jfdLjhfv ndmdtk lczfv nis[ IfkXWqf
zbA hBGbfq, mcflD drsnsh zfhC hfjXv, mfv W zbAfbA dhdw nfrfhDhxl bjt jsvsYb. kfsk sdJk ltDtnmCsrv pKfspfoA sifmseGm zfmvf jsv
idk dYstb. p]fslv jKf htfv nfrn rqdb. (hcJfvD) dlsqdY. rsjv iadk vucv ndlYf Kfjst, zfwf jdv k]fvf hfv [f rshb.
zfcfr dhb mfnl -v hBGbfq pcrsvv ntfsk Hct rWqfv jKf zfsY. uboB kKf kfjtDsl zHA tfmf iafqw} hstb, `k]fvf dj hV zfstm
kfsk hfVdk jKf zfsY, zfdm skfmfslv mk mfbcN, zfdm Hcst pf; spmb dYstb bf? k]fvf dj rflDn hcsUbdb? k]fslv Yf rWqfv spfoAkfW dhis[v
skfmvf Hcst pfW. nckvfQ zfdm Hcst sost skfmvf mvB jdvsq slsh. (hcJfvD- zfstmslv sb' kAfdl.
mcndtm, dmwjfk rflDn bQ 1016) jef jKf msb vfJsk rsh sp, kJb mCt h-isv yvm zHfh dYt. rflDn
Jfsb Oebfde sJ jvfv swA rt, hAd pk hV rb bf sjb, k]fv sjfb oshNBf hkGmfb nmsq pk nru rsqsY, kJb kf dYt bf. h h skf kJb
jKf hf jfu ltDt-nmk bf rst kf mfbf pfsh bf. zfhC hfjXv W mfsvv hQ mcdk zfjfsv ifWqf spk bf. rfsk dtsJ bjt jsv jkef nh dhusbvf
zbAfbA nfrfhDosBv zfyvB zffrv vnCstv iYl rqdb, sn jfvsB dkdb nrsu zbcmfb jvsk ifvsYb. sn ubA k]fvf znrfq dYstb, k]fvf zhcU dYstb
bf. jfvsB nm zfdtm ef dtJsk hfLA rb, *K * *$ > $ * { c ' '$ c % $
* $ 4 $ $ ' / * K*K $ T $ /
.& "*$ 2 @ $ B0
$T" ' b $> ' ' '{ & ' *'
zfdm pf hcsUdY, kf dtsJdY. iajk x dEj sjfbXef snef zffr ufsbb. hsqv (ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf' 36ix})
iaKm sKsj ufmfzfkD lczf nidjGk ltDtdtv sp `Jff rft' kf dbvD[B Ivp ntfk swsN lczf W dpjXv jvf nrDr rflDsn iamfdBk zfsY. UoVf skf
jvfv iv zfwf jdv mfWtfbf nfsrhfb dbsuv m nQswfLb jsv sbshb. zfv ef dbsq bq. Ufsmtf rt `mfm-mcflD dmst ufmfzfkhHfsh lczf jvf'
kfsk k]fslv mpGflf [cB bf rsq hLGb rsh b wfzffr. dbsq. wfvIcDb slrthDv sdJk hfvskv sjfbX w fvf zfidb zKG
(7) ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf' hsqv 41 ixfq `pf-lct mfzfl' dbsYb sp, ufmfzfkhHfsh lczf jvsk rsh. zfidb skf ncfsk vnCt -sj
1m J 66ix} rsk jde tf hfvk bjt jvf rsqsY. kfsk mrfmdk stJj zfibfv hsqv 45 ixfq hBGbf jsvsYb. j? snJfsb skf vfnCtcfr -v
ufmfzfkD lczfv iamfB J]csu sisqsYb. sn ubA JcwDsk zfkrfvf rsq dwsvfbfm rfk Efsbfv jKf W mcfdlosBv `zfmDb-zfmDb' htfv jKf bjt jvstb bf.
dlsqsYb, `j busv fd lCv.' zfv jvskW ifvshb bf. zfmvfW skf htdY, zfidb sp bhDv mk hst lfhD
dj ef sp ntfm-H uboBsj sLfjf slWqf Sh djYc bq snef zfmfsj jvsYb, k]fv ncfk zbcpfqD lczf jvb. bkcb jsv HfvkDq nQvB shv sjb
htsk rsh bf. W zfvfhD hfvskv hfQtf zbchfl stJj pf jsvsYb, zfdm jvsYb? mD-mflfbD nQvB iYl bq hst skf?
h bjt jsv dldY. viv ifEj dbsu dEj jvshb sp, sjfKfq
) $ w m % B0 -T 2* K Q"%T
ndmdtkHfsh zKhf jfjD rfk kcst lczfv jKf zfsY?
zKGf{, jde tdkIf sp, bfmfpD pJb bfmfp swN jsv tf tfrf ffr, 6 # , /%> $ c$ Z $H *
nchrfbffr, zftrfmslf dtfr, zff zfjhfv kAfdl zfpjfv mfnbCbf swN vnCstv zhfLA rsq vnCt-iaDdk iajfw jvY, skf ixdKhDsk j zCk dhNq.
jvt kJb kfv ubA mcfrfh rt bhD (nf})v iv lvl ifE jvf. kfviv sn pdl skfmfv (vnCt) siam nkA rk, kfrst kcdm k]fv zfbcokA jvsk. sjbbf, sp
Yfmk sp sjfb lczf jvsk ifsv. kfv slfWqf bfmfspv iv rWqfv ubA pfsj Hfthfsn, sn kfv zbcok rq.
mcfrfh bsr hvQ rf dkDq iajfsvv hflk. jfvB sp hAd zffr ifsjv wfvIcDb nfsrshv HfNfsk sjfb nQje sb. dj k]fv jKfsj bjt jsv dj
rfmXl W nfbf dpdjv-zfpjfv W bhD (nf})v iv lvl ifE jvt kJb kfv ef hcUfsk sysqsYb sp, p]fvf ufmfzfkhHfsh Ivp ntfk swsN lczfv dhis[,
ubA slfWqf jvf smffrfh rt. dkvdmpDv hdBGk rflDn sIfpftf dhb Whfslv k]fvf lczf jsvb bf? pdl mbef jsvb, kfrst nfhLfb! mrfb zffr hstsYb,
fvf rf iamfdBk rq. { s(*'! K () {X uF I, y C At%F A LI, y C A y e= H? =@<*/A4
F @<* A A )=BC $A-)D?2 $A)}
zfvfhD hfvskv zbchfl pdly ndEj rqdb. zfv kfv ubA mCt t[A dhdOk
zKGf{, sr dhwfnDoB! skfmvf hdhL LfvBf rsk lCsv Kfj; jfvB sjfb sjfb
rsqsY. klXnsW jKf iamfB jvfv ubA bjt jvtfm sp, Jfsb
LfvBf ifi. (nCvf ucvfk 12 zfqfk)
dhkdjGk dhNsqv sjfb dbid sb. zjfvB hsqv jsthv hxd jvf rsqsY.
kfYfVf zffv tfb hfvkdt zfsvf jhfv Hft jsv isV slJfv ubA vnCt hstsYb, .l) (& BH2 U: H$),
zbcsvfL jvdY. zKGf{, jcLfvBf rsk lCsv Kfsjf, sjbbf, jcLfvBf nhsysq hV dmKAf jKf. (hcJfvD)
(8) ÌfkfWqf nfbfqAfr'v 572 zKhf 578ix} rsk zfhC nfl wfvIcDb mrfb zffr hstb, s@ *'! K () { b? TL I A = < ? F ?2 *A 0< F VG A |G ?2 *HAwT< $? :? }
slrthD nfsrshv IfkWqf bjt jvf rsqsY sp, zKGf{, dbsusj sOfNBf jsvf bf. dkdb dht[B ufsbb sj shwD zffr-
HDv. (nCvf bfuXm 32 zfqfk)
mcrfmflcv vfnCtcfr jsvsYb, spmb ucmzfr W slv Jckhfq (rfk bf kcst)
zihfl W kfv uhfh jvsk ifsvb, mfm-mcflD dmst ufmfzfkD rfk kcst lczfW dfv ubA
(1) pfvf mcbfufk jsv bf, kfvf zfhC susrt! (ndEj zfhC ufrXt) ucmzfv Jckhfq hQ zfm dhil-zfisl jcbCsk bfsptfq jvsk ifsvb. sdJk
(nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm 8ix}) fbnmCsr ndmdtk lczf jvb W zbAsj jvsk c jvb. jfvB, snnh
Jfsb pfvf lczf jvsk dbsNL jsv, kfslvsj zfhc ufrXt htf rsqsY. jfvB wvDqk-nmk.
zfhC ufrXt ntfk iadkdk jvf rsk stfsjslvsj dbsNL jvk. zfv iCBG k]fvf pf wvDqk-nmk bq hstb, kf rt ntfk swsN rfk kcst ufmfzfkD
ntfkef rsY lczfv nmd. lczfv zbcfb. zfv kf Lc zfwQjfq sp, dbmGt Dsb spb sHuft sKsj bf
jKfv msLA iaY dk vsqsY sp, pfvf ntfk iVsk W lczf jvsk skf pfq. zfv ubA dj k]fvf zfhc ufrXt hf kfv mk rsq sostb?!
dbsNL jsv bf; hvQ Ivp ntfskv iv rfk kcst lczfsj wvDqsk sb hst, mrfb zffr hstb,
wvDqsk bh-zfdhjxk hst, dhlzfk W huGbDq hst. kfvfW zfhC ufrXt! &w *'! K () { )= KA $ *F c? *G *GcA A C * GbTL@<* A A )=BC $A-)D?2 $A)}
{ X = A X $A/-F < AB0A ?ZA$A F K< } zKGf{, sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf zffrsj Hq jv W ndEj jKf ht. (nCvf
zfrpfh 70 zfqfk)
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ifsv. nckvfQ zfidb sjfbXde mfbshb, snef zfibfv hAfifv.
sjfb jft, fb, zhf zKhf zfmt fvf Jfn jvfv ltDt iasqfub. pdl hdt,
mrfbhD hstsYb, kcdm skfmfv rlsqv dbje Iskfqf yfW, pdlW zsbj ntfskv iv lczf nck; spsrkc lczf njt nmsq dhsLq. hth sp, ntfskv iv
mcIkD skfmfsj Iskfqf dlsq Kfsj. (nrDt ufsm' 948bQ) (nmsqv) nfsK lczfsj Jfn jvfv ltDt lvjfv.
zfv mrfb zffr hstb,
pdl sj hst, JfWqfv iv zffrv bhD -v iv lvl iVf nck. sjbbf,
F 0< ?Z= ? F G2A < C < 0< A 0A A )=BC ? Z= ? F G2 < @AA F ?2 A<*%= /LA :? A*F b? A<*%= /AF )A A )=BC =$A= F 7y A:? } k]fv iv lvl iVf njt nmsq dhsLq. kfrst zfmvf hth, v ubA ltDt
w *'! K () {=&$A ?9 * G F G2 lvjfv.
zKGf{, ncnQhfl lfW zfmfv hflfslvsj - pfvf msbfspfo nrjfsv jKf swfsb pdl sj hst, ifqJfbf-siwfh jvfv iv knhDr-kfrtDt fvf mrfb zffrv
hQ pf m kfv zbcnvB jsv. Wvf kfvf, pfslvsj zffr n{isK idvyfdtk dpjXv jvf nck. sjbbf, dpjXv njt nmsq dhsLq. kfrst zfmvf hth,
jsvb hQ Wvf hcdmfb. (nCvf pcmfv 17-18) dbdlGDjvsBv ubA ltDt iasqfub. zbcvi zfsvf h hflskv hAfifsv
jKf iaspfuA. bDdk hcsU dbb, spsrkc de hV ijfvD. (zft-dIjr 7/207)
hfv htshb, zfmfslv jfsY zfmfslv lfhDv ltDt zfsY. kf bf Kfjst zmcj
u]flsvt zfdtm kf jvshb sjb? jsv pfshb sjb?
Ivp ntfskv iv lczfv hAfifsv jfvB, rsk ifsv sn iamfB nrDr bq. zKhf p]fsj zfidb ù]flsvt' HfhsYb
dkdb zfnst kf bb. kfYfVf k]fv sKsjW hV u]flsvt pdl kf bf jsvb,
dhswN zfdtmosBv IfkXWqf kfrst zfidb dj htshb?
nlD zfvshv JAfkbfmf IjDr W dkDq mcIkD wfqJ hsb NfmDb hstb, pdl hstb, hfQtfv zmcj zmcj hfOf zfdtm, k]fvf dj kfrst jcvzfb-rflDn
*% | %) 2 V c aH 7 2! $ % P$ 2 ZR q hcsUb bf?
+, $ / a 2 $ 2 $ V 2 $ % PQ7 $% b/: "* kfrst zfmvf hth, zfvshv zmcj zmcj hfOf zfdtm, k]fvf dj kfrst
jcvzfb-rflDn hcsUb bf? bfdj k]fvf zfvhD hcsUb bf?
m $ / :$ @ c c a H 7 P$ " ! % P$ ) $@ c U: a p]fvf Ivp ntfskv iv dbqdmk mcbfufk jsv sosYb kfslv dj rsh? `kfrst
.a +, ! " % M bT kf] vf dj ufrffsm pfshb hafrDsmv dikf zfpsvv mk?'
! " @ Q " ) 2 H2 : , aH ) :ak$c $c * bf, v ubA zhwA bq. jfvB, hafrDsmv dikf mcwdvj dYstb, zfv k]fvf kf
dYstb bf. k]fvf bf susb Hct jsv sosYb zKhf nck msb kf jsv sosYb, kfsk
.a +, $/ B0 :$@ c c aH h 7 k]fvf sofbfrofv skf rshb bf; hvQ jde sbjDvW zdLjfvD rsk ifsvb.
zfmfslv slsw spJfsb oBA-mfbA-uObA nh Lvsbv zfdtm ufbf-zufbf
nhGfhfq mcdV-mcVdjv mk IfkXWqf dhkvsB ldvqf-dlt iamfdBk rsqsYb, P$ m h~ ) | % ) ) :' 2 % $ : @ ) :
snJfsb nlD zfvshv zdLhfnDhxl dhNsq hV nkjG. snJfsb mcIkDosBv fqD
.h@ $ h~) | ! % $ -%:'
jdmde zfsY hQ kfv iaLfb mcIkD zfsYb. Ivp nfskv iv lczfv hAfifsv sn
jdmdev IfkXWqf dbmvi }- . K $@ o :*/ $
() P$/:g h % * h k h@s
$ g : T a0 ) : b P$ a0 h@K ! | % P$ a0 : (j k k$ ) Q| | (*~ ) $) (*~ ) *%c
q 2 a~:2 (j k )$ w)w%
2 M $ g $H P*K ) : Z $H , h@ tk | % P$ j : 5565bQ Iskfqfq i]fy Wqf ntfskv iv rfk kcst lczfsj nck-idviD
htf rsqsY. (IfkfWqft tfubfr 9/115)
$ 2 q @ ab@) h Z a $% 1 $ -@ 2 M * 9#
()
. Z m l)$ t% *' 9 : Z P$ $ 2 -@ Q'
/b) P$ $ ) ) : ) h| # T : , $ g 2 4$ # t% m . :
. K $@ o :*/ $
Z 2 V $ h@ & $/V PQR B0 m 'a0 B0 m * *9#
P$/:g h % * h k h@s
QT$:, *4'2 @ q 4
(j k )$ w)w% (*~ ) $) (*~ ) *%c
: , $ g 2 \m T H $ h 7 )$ R 2 % q :
3901bQ Iskfqfv iaKm iaw.
iaw bQ 1. Ivp ntfskv iv lczf dj nck? lczf dj lc rfk kcst jvsk *K u c B0 m * *9# /b) P$ $ ) ) : ) h| # T
rsh? mfsmv nfsK rfk kctf m dj bf? j a h) 'm* ' -: @ j $ B0 $ 2 m 2 $c 2
v bQ 1. Ivp ntfknmCsrv iv lczf nck bq; pdl kf rfk kcst rq.
kfsk kf mfm jfjD srfj, zKhf mcflD jfjD srfj zKhf mfm-mcflD . * '-: $ 2
dmst srfj. hvQ de dhlzfk. spsrkc ( zfmt) bhD hQ k]fv nfrfhf . K $@ o :*/ $
sKsj hdBGk rqdb. i[fsv rfk bf kcst lczf (dpjXv) jvfq sjfb [dk sb. P$/:g h % * h k h@s
spsrkc hAfifsv djYc rflDn snsY. zfv zffr kWIDjlfkf---.
tmD kKAfbcnfb W Iskfqf dhNqj fqD jdmde, zfcfr dhb jcl (nlnA), (j k k$ ) Q| | (*~ ) $) (*~ ) *%c
zfcfr dhb lfqfb (nlnA), zfct zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp (iaLfb) (j k )$ w)w%
() ( / ) P$/:g h % * h k h@s .$/:
, q 2 @ $-%:' u a0 j " *{ % P$ $ ) :' : Iskfqf bQ 5763.
q 2 j " *{ % $ -%:' *a0 ) iaw } djYc mndusl slJsk if, mfm Ivp ntfk swN jvst lc rfk kcst
lczf jsvb hQ mcflDvf kfsk kfv zbcnvB jsv. hAfifsv dj djkfh W
ncfrsk sjfb dhLfb snsY? zfv sn hAd nisjG dhLfb dj, sp msb jsv R K 0 eY U: ) - $ V
zbcvi lczf (mcbfufk) Wqfsuh W uvvD? zfwf jdv v dlsq ijxk
( / ) ' q b| .$-T$u '*
jvshb.
v } iasw sp zfmstv sJ zfidb jsvsYb, zKGf{ mfm Ivp ntfk swN Ivp ntfskv iv lczf nck bq. kf jvfW dyk bq. zhwA sp lczf jvfv
jvst rfk kcst lczf jsvb hQ mcflDvf kfv zbcnvB jsv, v ShLkfv dHd hAfifsv bhD sKsj rflDn snsY (kf jvf dhsLq). spmb, nftfm dIvfv iv 3
wvDqsk zfsY hst ufdb bf. zfv bhD sKsj iamfdBk zfsY sp, sp hAd hfv doIfv kAfdl. ntfk zflfqjfvDv dyk, ntfskv dHkv lczf jvf. rq
zfmfslv (Db) hAfifsv bkcb djYc fhb jvsh pf kfv ipGfqHc bq, kf dnulfsk, spmb bhD hstb, hflf pJb dnulfq Kfsj, kJb sn zffrv
iakAfJAfk. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 140bQ) sp hAd mb zfmt jsv, pfsk nhsysq shwD dbjehkGD rq. dkdb zfsvf hstb, dnulfq skfmvf shwD shwD
zfmfslv sjfb dbslGw sb, kf iakAfJAfk. (mcndtm 1718bQ) lczf jv. jfvB kf jhctspfoA.
zfv zffr kWIDjlfkf---. bf rq kfwfrslv swsN nftfm dIvfv zfso lczf jvf dyk. spsrkc bhD
tXmD kKAfbcnfb W Iskfqf dhNqj fqD jdmde, zfcfr dhb jcl (nlnA), kfwfrl iVfv jKf sJ jsv hstb, kfviv Yfmk lczf jvsh. dkdb
zfcfr dhb lfqfb (nlnA), zfcv vfpXpfj zfIDID (iiaLfb), zfct ntfk zflfqjfvDsj swN kfwfrsl hsn ufrffsmv zfpfh, jhsvv zfpfh,
zfpDp dhb zfcfr dhb hfp (iaLfb). uDhb W mxkcAv dIkbf hQ lffstv dIkbf sKsj ifbfr yfsk zfslw
zffmf wfqJ hsb NfmDb hstb, jsvsYb. zfv bhD dbsu iaskAj ntfskv iv lczfv ubA rfk kctskb bf.
'$|f/ Kq :a @ ' $ q, %: Qf @) q h@ j h~) | % P$ mbdj dkbhfv doIfsvW rfk kctskb hst sjfb hBGbf sb.
`Jfkmcn nftfr' hst sjfb lczf sb. hvQ ntfskv iv hfdk rt zffrv
*b *s m $ , T m *0 ) * 2 Q "# $ Qf @) B % $ u u
dpjXv. mrfb zffr hstb,
$ 2 ": *b " 4$ K * 0' % * V) $ & c2" : K @ .( VG = *<@4
< ? A A <*%cG A $ $Ac= A C < HG F $?: !? "
L < /<F ~
A c? AIU:? )
.Z &$s/ ) 2 2 " V &$s/ ) 2 b: P$ H9: *s kfviv pJb skfmvf ntfk swN jvsh, kJb l]fdVsq, hsn hQ wcsq zffrsj
-7 / H K @ * b a c -7/ Y m $ 2 nvB jv. (nCvf dbnf 103 zfqfk)
sp hAd iaskAj ntfskv iv rfk kcst zffrv jfsY lczf jsv, kfv iadk
$ *%/) 2" eY -7/ -7T , Q "# 2 "P$R $ P$ e/ u" :$c zfmfv islw sp, zffrv vnCt -v ncfrv zbcnvB jsv hQ k]fv
."$4 # h@/: {$ # $ h@/: b & B @-4 &B zflwG zhtb jsv sn spb zfmt kAfo jsv. spsrkc mcrfmfl -v
/ h~ ) : a H % P$ $ ) ) : ) K @ V) zflwG m zflwG. zfv nhsysq dbjx jfu pf zdHbh. (zft-dIjr 7/208)
mcrfdn zffmf zfthfbD hstb,
. : ) ) : ) $H 2 @ ab@) $ u u '$|f/Kq
$ 2 $ , ! " % ) ) : ) $H 2 @ ) , :*b h 1
:+$%T $c H " ! % '* 9# a ! " /Y P$ ) P$ $@0 j
e H m *$ /%# * 0 $ H ! " % " # 9T $ g P$
.( VG = *<@4
< ? A A <*%cG A $ $A c= A C < HG F $?: !? "
L < /<F ~
A c? AIU:? )
4 | $ R "$"/ q "m >$7 $ g Z R $ H $ a 2 q h : h Kg
*K' h@ $ $ T Z ) 2 ) ) $ %: 'h~) : aH b +$%T ) * # Q- 4*T
.a "|/ P$R 4e : e 2q
smfsev iv jKf sp, bhD jkGj x iamfdBk bq sp, dkdb ntfskv iv `snfbf hst fb dYt, jdNsk dikt rt' kf nsW k]fvf diktsj snfbf hst
pJb lczf jvskb, kJb rfk kctskb. i[fsv hfl ntfk mfsmv lczf jvf W yftfsk yfb. Dsb zbciadh `dhlzfk' kAfo jvsk htst k]fvf msb jsvb,
kfv iv mcflDslv `zfmDb-zfmDb' htf -spmb hkGmfsb h ntfmD slsw Db kAfo jvsk htf rsY rqskf!
iaydtk -kf dhlzfk; kfv sjfb dHd sb. spmb dhNqdesj mfm wfskhD iank} hsb mfnl -v jde d msb zfsn, dkdb hstsYb,
k]fv `zft-'dknfm' bfmj oas dhfdvk zfstfybf jsvsYb, pf zkA `skfmfslv kJb dj zhf rsh, pJb dIkbf skfmfslvsj zfYfdlk jsv sbsh?
ijfvD, pfv sjfb bpDv zfmfv ufbf sb. nckvfQ sp hAd dhfdvk ufbsk pfsk hV hx rsh hQ sYfe iadkifdtk (rsq hV) rsh. mfbcN pfsj ncfr fb
yfq, sn oasv iadk vuc jvj. (dntdntfr pqDIfr 2544bQ) jvsh. pJb kf (dIkbf hf dhlzfk) zinfdvk jvf rsh kJb stfsjvf htsh,
sdJk hAd msrflqoB dj jsv htfv nfrn jsvb sp, sjfb iamfB sb? `ncfk zinfdvk rt.' jub dufnf jvt, `sr zfhc zfcv vrmfb! vi
kfrst ]vf dj hcJfvD wvDsIv 45de W mcndtm wvDsIv 35de wfvfr slsJbdb hf jJb rsh?' dkdb htstb, `pJb skfmfslv jfvDv nQJAf zdLj rsh hQ IjDr
isVbdb? (nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm HCdmjf }) k]fvf dkvdmpDv wfvfr (zdH zfdtmslv) nQJAf jm rsh, skfmfslv sbkfv nQJAf hxd ifsh hQ
`jcWqfkct mcokfpD' (?!) (ndEj bfm } jCkt c mcokfpD), `skfrIfkct zfmfbklfsvv nQJAf jsm pfsh W zfsJvfskv jmG fvf lcdbqfv nil zsbNB
zfrhcpD' (?!) (ndEj bfm } kcrIfkct zfrWqfpD) hQ `zftXjfWqfdjhcl jvf rsh. (lfsvmD 1/64 bQ)
lcvDG sqf' (?!) (ndEj bfm } zft-jfWqfdjhcl lfvfdvqcA) kAfdl syfJ sJftf W mb k]fv mk zfsvf zsbsj hstb, ìfqufmf Jfefsk Jfefsk swNjfst slJdY
otfsbfv djkfh W]vf isVsYb zfv ]vf dj isVbdb? zffviAfeX rsq pfsh!'
hsqv bfmnmCr ndEjHfsh p]fv zfqs sb, dkdb djHfsh mb zfIftb zKGf{ Ivp bfmfspv iv rfk kcst lczf sE sost spb lDsbv mCt zQw hfl
jsvb, kf zffr Hfstf ufsbb. kfYfVf iCBG hsq zfvfhD wnmCsrv yfvsB isV sot! ]slv dbjse mcdV-mcVdjv nmfb lv. jfj-sjfdjstv sjfb ifKGjA
znQJA Hct, kf zfvfhD dwd[koB zhwA slJsk ifsvb. sb. zKy ntfsm zdkvsbv fb sb. ntfsm sjfb djYc mb sb pfsk
hV zhfj tfso k]fv mshA, `jstv sv]fqf hfYsk nh swN.' `kfrst nQspfub jvf pfsh zKhf djYc rafn jvf pfsh. hfVdk bJ-yct jfef zhwA
nfulf vjc sjfqcl, kfwfrsrfl, slfqfv LvsBv mskf ifEfsh bfdj? dhfb spmb hfdk, zfct hf mfKf jfef bq. ifqufmf o]fsev dbsy Ucst vffv mqtf tfost
zsbj zfdhjfsv ifdesqsY. Hfsh wfdvqfskv zfmt zsbj hfl zhwA zhwA fbDoB kf sjse o]fsev iv ipG jsv sbb. jfvB k]fvf ufsbb sp,
isVsY. hfl dlsk dlsk jstv stfsmv mskf hfYsk hfYsk nh hfl isV pfsh o]fsev dbsy jfiV ivf rfvfm. nckvfQ ziasqfubDq hfVdk zQw jfef skf
bfdj? vf msb rq, bfmfu svfpfW vfJsh bf. sldJ jk lCv oVfq!!!!' njstv dbje fb W dhfb-nmk. zfv hfVdk zQw jfest sp zfnt
d sjfb zfdtm jvsk ifsvb? bfv LfvBfmsk wvDqskv nhdjYc zQwW jfef pfsh kf uvvD bq. zhwA p]fslv dbjse zfnt-bjstv sjfb
jstv sv]fqf. zKGf{ Ivp, nck, bIt, dhlzfk nh nmfb! zKy iajk x is[ ifKGjA-fb sb k]fslv jKf k.
dhlzfk sYl jstv sv]fqf hfYf bq; hvQ Ict hfofsbv zfofYf zKhf ufdmzfr nftfdIqAfr hfbfvn (zffr iadkfbdesj lDOGjft pfh{ dedjsq
Lfbs[skv sUfVf hfYf. vfJcj) v spfoAkm fp W zfmfv dkvdmpD W zbAfbA hsqv dw[j ubfh
wvDqk fb jsv sp njt zfmt wvDqsk zbciashw jsvdYt hQ wfqJ zfpDpcv vrmfb nftfID (mffzfbff dhkCdt rfqfdkrD) dhkjGsj
znfhLfbkfq zfmfslv slswv pcvvf zfmt v jsv dlsqsYb, kf hfl dlst sj jsv jde h dtsJsYb; pfv bfm } lczfsj zflfh W zfrjfm. dkdb kfsk
k]fvf msb jsvb nck hf Ivp hf Dsbv smZdtj zQw hfl yst sot. k]fvf msb is[-dhis[v ltDtnmCrsj ipGstfybfv iv 135-137 ixfsk sp dnf
jsvb, k]fvf spef jsvb, kf Hct rsk ifsv bf. kf sjfb nkAfbcnfbD zfdtm dlsqsYb, kfv djYc dbmvi }-
k]fslv Hct Lvst pXpsk tfso, nmfb W odlv mfqf YfVsk hV mfqf tfso. (3) bfmfspv dHksv W hfdrsv lczf jvf iamfdBk.
(5) bfmfspv isv rfk dEsq lczf jvf iamfdBk bq. 5. bhD spJfsb mcnDslv iv bvmD jvstb, snJfsb lczf yftc jsv
(6) mcfdlosBv nfsK mfsmv lczf jvfef vfnCtc frv bDdk dYt bf. mb mcnDslvsj zfmvf mcwdjst sIst dltfm. mfsmv rfk kcst lczf swN bf jvf
jvfef k]fv dbje rsk iamfdBk bq. ipG pdl k]fvf sE spsk bf ifb, ksh k]fslv iv ef mcnDhk YfVf zfhfv dj?
(7) sp nm hBGbf fvf Ivp bfmfp swsN rfk dEsq lczf jvf `mcfrfh' hst 6. idksk lczf nm mcflDsj wfdmt jvsk zifvo. spmb sjfb
siw jvf rsq Kfsj, kf nhef pqDI. mcflD swsN sn ufmfzfk Lvstb. mfm nfsrh nftfm dIdvsq iCBG mcflDslv
(12) lczfv isv mcsJ rfk hctfsbfv rflDn nrDr bq. dbsq rfk kcst lczf jvsk tfostb hQ iCBG mcflDvfW k]fv nfsK `zfmDb
(13) sp sjfb hflskv ubA wvDqskv i[ sKsj ltDt Kfjf zfhwAj. zfmDb' htsk tfostb. dj shyfvf mnhCj mcnDvf (p]fvf isv sn ufmfzfk
(16) pqDI rflDsnv fvf sjfb dhNsqv mcfrfh rWqfef dEj bq. sjbbf, LsvsYb, k]fvf lczf rsk hdk sKsj sostb. sjbbf, kJb k]fvf k]fslv Ycse
efW wvDqskv zHc G (zfv kf iamfsB ndEj ltDstv lvjfv). pfWqf bfmfp iVsk hA. iaydtk lczfsk tfH skf k]fslv djYc rq bf; hvQ
mfsmv sufsv sufsv lczf jvfsk hQ mcflDslv nmshk js sufsv sufsv
iaydtk lczfv jcIt `zfmDb-zfmDb' htfsk k]fslv msbfspfo b rsq pfq hQ bfbf iajfv Hct-fd
wfqJ zfhct jfdnm uDicvD `lczf jvb W dhlzfk rsk h]fycb' hsqv 2q rsk Kfsj. nrDr rflDsnv sJtfi zfmt jvfv ef jcIt. bhD -v dwJfsbf
Jsv swN ifkfq ians sp jKfdt dtsJsYb, kf h zfdm Jfsb bjt mckfdhj zfmvf pdl swN ShEsj nftfm sIvfv zfso jec shwD jsv lczf jvfv
jsv dltfm. zfwf jdv ncfk-diaq mcnDoB v fvf tfHhfb rshb. zHAfn jvkfm, ksh nh vjsmv mcflD mfm nfsrshv lczfsk wfdmt rsk
1. iaKm jKf bhD -v idksk Ivp bfmfp iv jJb lczf jsvbdb ifvskb.
hf jfsj jvskW hstbdb. jfsu db}nslsr rf dhlzfk. zfv dhlzfk
sp jk nfQOfdkj jfu, hsqv iaKm Js zfdm kf zfstfybf jsvdY. Ifpfsqst zf'mfst pqDI
2. lczf yftc rWqfv Ist lczfv zfnt (iajk x ) fsb, zKGf{ bfmfspv
zHAsv mcnDslv zfdupD-bsjnfvD jvf jlm rfdvsq sosY. iaydtk
rflDsnv hAhrfv
lczfsk pk msbfdbshw jvf rq, kfv j iqnf idvmfBW bfmfspv msLA ìaswfsv Ivp bfmfspv iv slfWqf' hsqv jfdLj fsb; spmb 60 ixfsk
msbfdbshw jvf rq bf. W `nftfsk rfdjm } slfqfsq rfdjm' hsqv 9 ixfsk IfkfWqf nfbfqAfv 1m
3. lczf yftc rWqfv Ist nftfm sIvfv iv sp nh ncfkD dpjXv-zfpjfv J 507 ixfv hvfsk jde zfvfhD hfvk bjt jvf rsqsY; pf slsJ zfvfhDv
zfsY, zdLjfQw mcnD kf dwJfv lvjfv msb jsv bf. Jfsu zdLjfQw mcnDv zbdH mfbcN Hfhsk ifsvb sp, msb rq Wef sjfb rflDn zKhf wvDzfkD
jfY sKsj nckD dpjXv-zfpjfv W lczf rfdvsq sosY. dhLfb.
4. mcsJ zfmvf pf hdt bf sjb? hkGmfsb iaydtk idk iafq Ivsp .**# e %~ $ ) &$ /Kq :wk$@i m ) b /: m $c
idvBk rsqsY. sjfb mcnD pdl mfsmv ns lczfsk rfk bf kcst ncfkD zKGf{, uft rflDn YfVf pqDI rflDn fvf sjfb zfmt mcf rfh rWqf iamfdBk
dpjXv-zfpjfsv dt Kfsjb, ksh k]fv zfv v[f Kfsj bf. sjfb mcnD pdl sk rsk ifsv.
wvDj bf rsq sE yst pfb, kfrst zsbsj kfv iv syfJ ovm jsvb. zfct rfdjm nfsrh zfvW dtsJsYb, Ìfpfsqst zfmfdtqfsk, rfdln, pf smZpc
pk[B idksk mfm nfsrh lczf jvsk Kfjshb, kk[B ipG sjfb bq, pfdqI fvf, iYlbDq nfhA rq.'
mcnD sE yst spsk ifvshb bf. Kfrst ef Ivp bq skf zfv dj? (1) d rsk zsbsj `nfLfvB' hf `hAfij' zKG hcsU Kfsjb. msb jsvb
sp, zfmst tfmfslv msLA sjfb mkfSbjA sb. zKy vjmef bq hvQ ksh djvsi rflDn fvf zfmt jvfv jKf ShL htf pfq? zKy zffr zuff
kfsk dhdlk mksHl hkGmfb pf dhdH rflDsnv ifdvHfdNj (znCst rflDsnv) kf]v djkfsh jfdLj fsb `LfvBfv' dblfhfl jsvsYb; dkdb hstb,
oanmCsr dhwlHfsh zfstfdyk. spmb zffmf wfqJ ufmftcDb jfsnmD (v})
kfv oa (jfWqfsqlct rflDsn) zfstfybf jsvsYb. !'*K () {$F RA yoA A = Q=@fF )< $? L C LI,A L C $CI, A<*%= /L)A I, = F = = = -< ? $A A }
dkdb 113 ixfq mfmosBv j ufmfzfk sKsj bjt jsvb sp, kf]vf zflsi s@
pqDI rflDn fvf zfmt jvf dEj msb jvskb bf. spmb, hsb mfb, hcJfvD,
mcndtm, zfhc hfjv hbct zfvfhD iaHdx koB. ]slv msLA hsb rfpXm zbAkm; zKGf{, Wslv hAfifsv sjfb fb sb, Wvf zbcmfsbv zbcnvB jsv zKy
dkdb kfv oa `zft-dmtft zbX-dbrft' hstb, `(sn rflDn fvf zfmt dn nskAv dhvs zbcmfsbv (LfvBfv) sjfb mCtA sb. (nCvf bfuXm 28 zfqfk)
rsh) sp rflDnsj iChG W idysmv stfsjvf (zKGf{, h nQJAj stfj) djQhf zfv zffrv vnCt hstb, skfmvf zbcmfb (LfvBf) jvf rsk hf]y. zhwA
njst njt rsk djQhf dhw dhw rsk bhD sKsj hBGbf jsvsY. dj sp zbcmfb nhsysq hV dmKAf jKf. (hcJfvD W mcndtm)
rflDsnv hBGbf-nCs sjfb dmKAfq zdHpc hAd, djQhf sjfb zmsbfspfoD ofsIt susb vfJcb sp, zfdm sp vfq Jdkqfv jsvdY kfv iadkis[v dbje vfsqv
hAd djQhf sjfb idvyqrDb zfk hAd Kfsj, kfrst sn rflDn (pqDI rWqf dhis[) djkfh W ncfr sKsj sjfb ltDt sb. zhwA ivhkDGpcsov sjfb zfdtm
nsW kfv) fvf jkj mcndtm hst Kfsj (zfmt jsv Kfsj). zhwA zfmfslv kfv oa `zft-zfudhhfkct Ifsptfr' sk mfnzftfv iv dbdlG idvsYsl
dbje mb rflDn fvf djYc htf (hf zfmt jvf), kf nkA ufbf hQ kfv djYc (36-59ix}) W]slv nmKGsb (W zfmfslv zdHmskv dhvs) ltDt siw
zQw oarB jvfW ShL bq.' jvfv iasyf jsvsYb. dj kf nsW kfslv nis[ zk}is[ jdeW mb
rfsIp hsb vuh dkvdmpDv hAfJAf-oas (2/112)sk hstb, `mfm mcndtm ltDt sJ jvsk n[m rbdb, pf skv ipc! rA]f, ksh djYc mb d
k]fv nrDr oasv HCdmjfq pf sJ jsvsYb kfv iajfwA zKG hcUfq sp, k]fslv jfsvf jfsvf dbje rsk bjt jsvsYb, spdt dhkjG W nmD[fv
kvoDh W kvrDsh (zbcsiavBflfqj W HDdk nfvj)v rflDnW kfv dbje hfufsv zyt. klXnsW nm dv djYc djYcsk iviv-dhsvfdLkfW
rsk hBGbf jvf rsh, pfv dbje rsk zfrjfm (jmGfjmG nidjGk)v rflDn dhlAmfb. spmb, 41 ixfq hbct mfm rsk bjt jsvb, oVf bq mb pqDI
hBGbf jvf rq. (zKGf{ pqDI vfhD rsk spmb zfrjfsmv rflDn hBGbf jvf rq bf, rflDn fvf drhfh iamfdBk rsh. zk}iv 55-56 ixfq uftftcDb
skmdb sn vfhD rsk kvoDh W kvrDshv rflDnW hBGbf jvf rsh bf.) lfWqfbD rsk bjt jsvb, dkdb hstsYb, jKf nhGnmk sp, pqDI rflDn fvf
pcso zdkDq mcrfsn zffmf zfthfbD (rfdIpffr) hstb, ` zdHmk wvDqskv `zfrjfsm Jfmnfr' (zKGf{ Wqfsuh, mcfrfh, mchfr, mjvr W rfvfm)
W dhhfn svsJ zfdm zffrv zfbcokA jdv hQ zdHmskv iadk mfbcNsj iamfdBk rsh bf hQ Wv msLA drhfhW.
zfrhfb jdv sp, pqDI rflDn fvf zflsi zfmt jvf pfsh bf, bf Ifpfsqt W zfdm (zfthfbD) hdt, jKfef ndEj! spsrkc zbcmfb fvf zfmt dbdN
mcfrfh zfmst zfv bf zbA djYcsk. jfvB, pqDI rflDn sjfb dhNsq zdbdyk hQ pqDI rflDn zdbdyk zbcmfb hf LfvBf nxd jsv, spmb iCshG zfstfdyk
rsqsY.'
LfvBf umfq mf (pf dbdykvsi vnCt -v hfBD bfW rsk ifsv.) (1) hQ
smfe jKf, Ifpfsqst zf'mft htsk mb zfmt pfv IpDtk zfsY, kf pqDI
zfmfv ufbf msk, tfmfslv dbje ef zdhnQhfdlk. zkh pdl kf rq,
rflDsnv iv dHd jsv jvf pfsh bf. jvst kf dhlzfk hst oBA rsh.
spsrkc pqDI rflDn fvf sjfb zfrjfm hf zfmt (zbcvi sjfb zfjDlfW)
(1) zsbsj hst Kfsj sp, `jnm jsv htsk ifvsh sp, pqDI rflDn vnCstv d bq! sv nfhA rq bf. ksh mb zfmt pf nrDr fvf iamfdBk rsqsY kfv IpDtk
htf pfq sp, kf htf pfsh bf dEj. dj jnm jsv W htsk ifvf pfsh bf sp, `pqDI rflDn kf]v hBGbfq zfmt jvf pfq, ksh kfvW wkG zfsY pf isv htf rsh.
d.' nckvfQ ndlrfb dhlAmfb, pf kAfo jvf m hQ iChnG kjGkfmCtj jmG.
lfrvBnvi, yfsv ntfk nrDr rflDn fvf iamfdBk. (mcndtm) dj kfv hst dhdlk bf rq hQ pJb ufbf pfq sp, dhNsq zffr ifj zfmfslv
IpDtk ians j rflDsn htf rsqsY sp, sp hAd ntfk iVsh kfv ifi wvDqsk zfslw lfb jsvsYb zKhf dbsNL jsvsYb. dj sjhtmf ziamfdBk
nmCslav sIbfv nmfb rstW [mf jsv slWqf rsh. (zfhc lfl, dkvdmpD, hsb (zwc) nvfdtqfk fvf zfmfslv wvDqk iamfB jvf rsh - jKf sjfb
mfufr) zfdtm hstb bf. hvQ mfmoB LvsBv sjfb rflDnsj wvDqskv hcdbqfl
zbA j rflDsn htf rsqsY, sp hAd dbqdmk hfsvf vfjzfk yfsv ntfk jsvb bf. zfrmfl dhb rft hQ kfv mk sjfb mfm wvDqsk Lvsbv
isV, kfv ubA zffr ifj shsrs j snfbfv mrt SkvD jsvb. (dkvdmpD, rflDsnv iv dbHGv (dHd) jvskb bf. sp hAd bjt jsv sp, zfrmfl pqDI
hsb mfufr) rflDnsj k (hf ltDt) jvskb; sp rflDn nrDr hf rfnfb bq, ksh dbyq sn
zfv lcde rflDn pqDI. yfsv ntfskv IpDtk dhwfsn (W]slv msk) k]fv nisjG Hct hst.' (zft jfsqlfkct uftDqfr 82 ix}, mumczf IfkfWqf 1/251 bQ)
kf hAhrfv jvf pfq. zffmf zfrmfl wfsjv `zft-hfsqNct rfNDN' oas (101 ixfq) hstb,
zbcviHfsh jcvhfbD jvf W kfv mpGflf jcvzfb W ncfrsk iamfdBk. kfv `zfrmfl dhb rft, zfcv vfrmfb dhb mfrlD hQ zfcfr dhb mchfvj (v})
IpDtk hBGbfq (W]slv msk djYc wskGv nfsK) jcvhfbDv iwcv iaskAj stfsmv v d, `pJb zfmvf rftft W rfvfsm (zfrjfsm) rflDn hBGbf jdv, kJb
idvhskG j jef sbjD--. rflDn kAfdl hAhrfv jvf pfq. jVfjdV jdv hQ pJb Ifpfsqt kAfdlsk hBGbf jdv kJb SwdKtA jdv--.'
dhNsq wfqJct ntfm hsb kfdmqAfr (v}) hstb, `wvDqsk pqDI zfmfv msk -zfr zf'tfm- kf]slv htfv swA sp, SwdKtA sjht
rflDnsj dHd jvf ShL bq, pf nrDr hf rfnfb bq. dj mfm zfrmfl dhb rfnfb rflDn oarsB jvskb pf `nrDr' v luGfq si]ZsY bf. jfvB nrDr W
rft iaHdx k tfmfoB Ifpfsqst zf'mfst nfshk (iamfBdn) hst ufbf bf pfq rfnfsbv mfsU ifKGjAvi idvHfNf kf]slv pcso i dk dYt bf. hvQ zdLjfQw
mb rflDn hBGbf jvfsj ufsqp hstsYb, pdl kf ( pqDI rflDn) dmKAf hst iChG hkDGoB rflDnsj sjht nrDr zKhf pqDI ( lc iajfv) hst msb
ufbf bf pfq ksh. jvskb.
zKGf{, pJb ufbf pfsh sp, zfmt wvqD (nrDr) ltDt fvf dhsLq hQ kfv nckvfQ kf]slv SwdKtA pqDI rflDn hBGbfq bq, rfnfb rflDn hBGbfq.)
IpDtsk mb rflDn hdBGk rq pf dmKAf (mWpc') hst ufbf pfq bf, kfrst zffmf zfthfbD hstb, `zfmfv dbje v dkDq hAfJAf vsqsY, kfslv
(rflDsn hdBGk) nWqfh nkA rsk ifsv ( dhhfn jvf pfq). dj mfmosBv sdJk SwdKtA nbfl (hBGbf nC)nr pqDI rflDn svWqfqfk jvfv iv mfbf
sj jKf hstbdb sp, pqDI rflDn fvf sjfb djYcsj Wqfsuh zKhf mcfrfh pfq - spmb kfslv hBGbfv Lfvf W iajdx k; sp nbfl nmCsrv mfLAsm rflDsnv
jvf pfsh. zfv sp jKf hst sn umf' (nhGhflDnmdk)v dhsvfdLkf jsv. lcht G kf ufbf nHh rq. nckvfQ sjhtmf nbl sJ jvf psK rq hQ
klbcvi, sjfb wvqD (nrDr) ltDt YfVf sjfb djYcsj rfvfm jvfW zShL. dj `pqDI' hst dhhxk jvfv iasqfub zfv Kfsj bf. dj LvsBv rflDn dhbf nbsl
pdl (sjfb nrDr rflDn fvf) kfv rfvfm rWqfv jKf dhdlk rq hQ jfsuv hBGbf jvf -spmb ivhkDGjfst tfmfosBv Lfvf W iajdx k hQ kfv lcht G kf
jkGfv ubA wfd hf dkvfsvv jKf sjfb mb (lcht G ) rflDsn hdBGk rq - pf hBGbf bf jvf -spmb W]slv zdLjfQswv vDdk - mb idk zhtb jvf sKsj
dmKAf hst ufbf bf pfq - ksh kf ( wfdv dhhfsn) hBGbf jvf ShL. kf]vf (mfm zfrmfl iaHdx koB) h sLG hQ dhNsq kf]vf zffrsj zdLj
zbcviHfsh kvoDh W kvrDsh vi rflDn hBGbf jvf ShL rsh; pdl kf dmKAf Hq jvskb. zfv zffr zdLj ufsbb.'
(oVf) hst idvdyk bf rq. dj jKf ufbf uvvD rsh sp, zffr dhNsq (2) sp hAd LvsBv sjfb oa dtsJb pfsk syfJ hcsu nrDr-pqDI nh
zfk-idvyq rflDn YfVf zbA sjfb dkDq (nrDr) ltDst kvoDh hBGbf nQjtb jsvb hQ msb jsvb sp, djYc wskGv nfsK pqDI rflDn fvf Ifpfsqst
jsvsYb. zf'mfst zfmt jvf pfq kf]v dyk, oasv HCdmjfq sn dhNsq (nfLfvBsj) nkjG
zbcviHfsh nvfdtqfkW kvoDh W kvrDsh hBGbf jvf pfq; pdl kf dmKAf jvf hQ wkGfhtD sJ jsv (sn zbcpfqD) zfmt jvsk nfhLfb jvf. pfsk
ifEjW zufs oas sdJk iaskAj rflDsnv iv zfmt hQ mchfsoW nckvfQ sp zfmt jvsh kfv zhf dj? zfrjfm zKhf Ifpfsqst (pqDI)
oa wcdbsq njtsj zfmt jvfv kfjDl bf jsv hsn. Ist njstv zufs rflDn fvf zfmt jvfq sjfb ifKGjA sb. (zKGf{ pdl pqDI rflDn fvf
njst vnCstv dhsvfdLkfq zfdt bf rsq isV. zfrjfm hf rftft W rfvfsm zfmt bf yst ksh IfpfsqstW ytsh bf.) jfvB,
nckvfQ wkGdtsj ufbf jf uvvD; dhswN jsv k]fslv ubA p]fvf (Hsqv) nhef wvDqk.'
Ifpfsqst pqDIsj hAhrfv jsv Kfsjb. pfsk sp sj LQn rsh sn spb nkAfnkA zffmf zfthfbD (v}) hstb, ` nm wkGfhtD Jch nC[ W vkiCBG. pdl
i ufbfv iv LQn rq hQ sp uDdhk Kfjsh sn spb nkAfnkA i ufbfv iv pqDI rflDn fvf zfmtjfvDvf v zbcofmD rq, kfrst kfv It rsh sp,
uDdhk Kfsj. pqDI rflDn fvf zfmstv nDmf nQjDBG rsh zKhf mCst zfmt iadkrk rsh.
rfsIp nfJfhD `zft-jWtct hflD' (195 ix})sk kfv Wfl rfsIp hsb v dhhvB dkbHfsh slWqf pfq}-
rfufv sKsj wkGdt bjt jsvsYb hQ kf dbbvi }- iaKmk} iaKm wkGde dbslGw jsv sp, sp rflDnsj dHd jsv zfmt jvfv Yf
(j) rflDn spb Jch shwD pqDI bf rq. zKhf kfv hBGbfgnCs spb sjfb rsh sn rflDndev iajk x zhf ufbf Wqfsuh. pfsk shwD pqDI rst kfv fvf
dmKAfhflD, dmKAfq jtdk hf zdHpc hQ mfvfkj de jsv mb hAd bf zfmt jvf sKsj lCsv Kfjf nHh rsh. dj iaskAj rflDsnv iv fb
Kfsj. tfH ubnfLfvsBv is[ Jch jnfLA. spsrkc rflDnwfdhl tfmfv nQJAf
(J) kf spb (wvDqskv) `nfLfvB dHdv' zH cG rq. zKGf{ sjhfsv sbrfk jm, dhswN jsv hkGmfb pcso. zKGf{, sn tfmfv nQJAf boBA pf]vf
dHdrDb oVf hf uft rflDn bf rq. kKAfbcnfbjfvD (nm rflDsnv nkAfnkA pfyfjfvD) oshNBf W nmD[fjfvD
(o) rflDn fvf zfmt jvfv nmq spb kf iamfdBk (hf wc) rflDn hst rflDn dhwfvl, pf]vf vnCt rsk iadkifdlk rflDn hAkDk stfjslv ubA
dhhfn bf vfJf rq. pfsk bhD -v nfsK sn nijG bf sufVf rq; pf dkdb zbA sjfb rflDn idvshwb W hBGbf jsvb bf hQ pqDI (kKf kfv dbmmfsbv)
hstbdb. rflDsnv iv njtsj nkjG W nfhLfb jsv Kfsjb. hvQ oasiv tfmf
zk}iv dkdb hstb swsNf wkG lcde hsb zfcn nftfm W hsb lfjDjt c zsiv sysq jm. nckvfQ zffr nfrfpAt.
l rsk hdBGk hQ iaKsmfsv ubA zftf hstb, `kf nhGhfdlnmk.' v jfvsB slJshb, pfvf rflDn fvf zfmst zfiloa rsqsY kfvf wskGv
hsb rfufv (v}) kf]v icdjf `kfhqDbct zfuh' hstb, `zfrst tXmoB i dhsvfdLkf jsv. kfslv sj pdlW hf sn zrflDsnv zfdtm rq -Ifpfsqst
Ifpfsqst pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvsk zbcmdk dlsqsYb; pdl kf oVf bf rq hf zf'mfst sjfb rflDn ufbf mf kf zdLj lchtG kf sKsj mc djbf kf bf susb
Jch shwD pqDI bf rq - jKfde iadn. dj v nfsK wkGW zfsvfi jvf kfv iv zfmt jvfq kvfdbk rq. viv pdl sj kfsj rflDsnv lcht G kfv
dyk sp, zfmtjfvD spb rflDndesj pqDI hst dhhfn vfsJ (wc msb bf iv nkjG jsv, ksh wDOa kKfjdKk `jfqlfv' wvBfi rq; Ifpfsqst
jsv) hQ kf spb iayfv bf jsv. pfsk sj spb pqDI rflDn fvf zfmt jsv pf zf'mfst pqDI rflDn hAhrfv jvf pfq. icby pJb wskGv jKf nvB
wvDqk bq kfsj wvDqk jsv bf hsn zKhf sjfb ufsrt kfsj zfmt jvsk jdvsq slWqf rq, kJb v bf dlsq yci sKsj pfq.'
slsJ kf nrDr ncfk msb bf jsv hsn. dhNsq zffmf lcde lfrvB siw jsvb }
dhNsq zfhc mcrfmfl hsb zfcn nftfm iaHdx k tfmfoB dhhxdk dlsqsYb. (1) nshfG{jx dlb zfvfIfv dlb; pdl ucmzfv dlsbv mckfshj rq ksh kf
pfsk mfbcN zffrv vnCt -v sn hfBDv ipGfqHc bf rsq isV pfsk dkdb nv r zsi[f m. (vfpDb)
hstb, sp hAd zfmfv kvI sKsj sjfb mb rflDn hBGbf jsv pfv dhNsq sn rflDndev ians zffmf wfqJ zftD zft-jfvD hstb, `djYc mcrfsnDb
msb jsv sp kf dmKAf, kfrst sn (hBGbfjfvD) dmKAfhflDslv jub. (mcndtm, hstb sp, rflDsnv nbflde pqDI, kf ndEj mfbf sostW sswA sjfb [dk
nrDt ufsm' 6199bQ) rq bf. spsrkc pqDI rflDn Ifpfsqst zf'mfst oarBDq hQ zffmf zfhct
rfnfbfk tJbhD jKf bjt jsv hrft jsvsYb. (zft zfudhhfkct Ifsptfr 37 zfmvf Jdkqfv jsvdY kfv iafq dmt vsqsY hQ snef d.
ix}) dkDqk} dkDq wkG sKsj jKf hcUf pfq sp, iajk x is[ zfmt pqDI
dj Hfhfv dhNq sp, djvsi wafHfub zfdtmlq ipG c wkG tQOb rflDn fvf bq, hvQ `nfLfvB dHd' bf Kfjst (jcvzfb hf nrDr ncfr rsk
jsvsYb. zKhf dbyq kf]vf rflDsnv nbslv iajk x zhf nisjG zhdrk zfmstv mCt hcdbqfl bf Kfjst) pqDI rflDn fvf zfmt rq bf. zkh jKf
dYstb bf. Kfjst zhwA kf dhhxk jvskb hQ kfv idvhskG dhkjG Yst `kf iakDqmfb rq sp, wskGv nfsK pqDI rflDn fvf zfmt jvf zfifklx,
mfbf sostW' jKf htskb bf. zKy zffmf hbct jfsqm rflDn ians hk} bq. zfv snef zHD.
mhA jsv hstb, `hfdkt, vnCtcfr rsk Wv sjfb dHd sb, zfv bf sjfb kx
kxkDqk} kxkDq wkGde rflDsnv lcht G kf ufbf uvvD rWqfv hAfifsv iaKm
nfrfhD hf kfshqD rsk.' (pflct mfzfl 1/17) wskGv zbcvi. pfsk zfmtjfvD kf (nrDr) iamfdBk hst dhhfn bf jsv
(2) pJb skfmvf rflDn dtJsh, kJb skfmvf kfv nbl nr dtJ. pdl kf hsn. zKy dhdlk sp, pfvf Ifpfsqst pqDI rflDnsj dHd jsv zfmt jsv
nkA rq, kfrst skfmvf nWqfshv zQwDlfv rsh. zfv pdl kf hfdkt rq, kfslv zdLjfQw rflDsnv lcht G kf sysb bf. zfv ef sswAv dhivDk.
kfrst kfv ifi kfv (hBGbfjfvDv) rsh.' (zft zfudhhfkct Ifsptfr } 26ix}) idvswsN Ct jKf sp, zfmvf iafyA W iakDsyAv mcndtm ub nfLfvBsj
rflDnde mWpc' (oVf rflDn). (slJcb } dntdntfkc zfrflDdnp pqDIfr zt mWpczfr 822bQ) islw dl sp, kf]vf spb pqDI rflDn fvf zfmt jvf zflsi kAfo jsvb
klnsW wasq tJbhD nfsrh v iv yci sKsjsYb. jfvB, efW Ifpfsqst hQ bhD sKsj iamfdBk (nrDr hf rfnfb) rflDn fvf zfmt jvsk slAfoD
zf'mft kf! zKy de mb jde rflDn pf pqDI W uft rflDn iayfv jvsk rb. spsrkc kfsk pf zfsY pqDI rflDn sKsj zmcJfsi[D jsv. (zfmstv ubA
W kfv iv zfmt jvsk njtsj zbciafdBk jsv. pfv mmGfKG rsY bjtjfvDv kf psK.) zfv Wef vnCt -v iv dmKAf htfq zfidkk rWqf (W
sjfb ifi sb. zKy mb LfvBf zfrst tXmslv bDdkv idviD. spsrkc dbsuv dEjfbf ufrffm jsv sbWqf) sKsj h]fyfv iK. jfvB, zfmvf zfmfslv
kf]slv bDdk sp, oVfv jKf dhhxk bf jsv sjfb oVf rflDn hBGbf jvf ufsqp zdHkfq ufdb sp, pfvf dhNsq dhvfyvB jsv kfvf dmKAfhfdlkfq
bq. klbcvi pKfKGkf pfyfjfvD nQfvj tfmf; spmb hsb drfb nQdw rsq isV. spsrkc kfvf iaskAj nht-lcht G (hQ uft W oVf) rflDn
iaHdx kosBv dbje pqDI rflDnW (kfv lcht G kf sJ bf jsv hBGbf ShL bq). (hQ zsbj s[s wcLcmf sjYf-jfdrbDsj rflDn LfvBf jsv kfv fvf) zfmt
zffmf zfrmfl wfsjv hstb, ipGc dkbde wkGfhtD sJ jvf nhGfhfq jsv Kfsj. zKy bhD (v iadk dk jsv) hstb, mfbcsNv dmKAfhfdlkfv
Wqfsuh. jfvB, kf sJ bf jvst ifEj zKhf swafkfv LfvBf rq sp, kf nrDr; ubA kecjc psK sp, sn pf swfsb (zbcviHfsh pf isV) kfv nhef hBGbf
dhswN jsv bjtjfvD zKhf hBGbfjfvD pdl tfmfsq rflDsnv msLA sj rb jsv. (mcndtm)
(zKhf Dsbv hcpcoG rb W nmfsu mfbA rb); pf]v iadk njst rflDn dhNsq vuc zfv v isv hdt, mfbcsNv kfv ubA kecjc psK sp, sn pf swfsb (hf
jsv kfrst. spsrkc pqDI rflDn oarB bf jvfq zfrjfsm W Ifpfsqst zf'mft isV) kfv nhefv iv (dhyfv-dhshj bf jsv) zfmt jsv. (spsrkc yjyj
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iamfdBk rsqsY - kf hAkDk sjfb djYcsk jfsvf k hf ltDt sb.' (mcJkfnfv HCdmjf)
zft-hfsqNct rfNDN 101ix}) htf hftA sp, pqDI rflDn fvf Ivp ntfskv iv rfk kcst mcbfufk iamfB
zffmf zfthfbD hstb, `nfv jKf sp, wskGv iftb jfpGk} sp rflDn rq bf.
(wc hf nrDr hst) iadkifdlk bq, sn rflDn fvf zfmt kAfo jvsk hfLA
jsv. jfvB, nfLfvB mfbcsNv is[ (pqDI hf lcht
G rflDsnv) `zdLj lcht
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(W dydrk jvf) jdEb. Itk} wkGfsvfi jvfv zKG W sswAv nfsK pf
mfodvshv Ivp ntfskv iCshG lc `rfdjm-zffr'v ntfk djHfsh rsh? dkdb dj ntfk zflfq jsvb? ntfk skf
k]fv ubA hflf njt zflfq jsv Kfsj.
vfjzfk bIt ntfk dj dhlzfk? Jfsb jde jKf mvsB vfJf Hft sp, `bfmfp' ntfmD w bq. ef
mWtfbf zfct rfdjm zdhbfwicvD Ìfpfsqst zf'mfst pqDI rflDn mcntmfbslv hAhrfv jvf dyk bq. zbcviHfsh `svfpf' `lvl' kAfdl
zfmtspfoA' hst siafifoffmCtj h dtJsk dosq nrDr rflDnnmCsrv mmGmCstW wdt sjfb msk hAhrfvspfoA bq, pdlyW kf zfmfslv HfNfv zdhsYlA
jcEfvfOfk jsv hsnsYb. k]fv hsqv msLA bf zfsY Lfvfhfdrjkf, dhNq-hv zQswv vi idvoarB jsvsY.
Ykf, zfv bf zfsY kfsk dhdH fb rsk bjt jvf dhNqfdlv niCBk G f. `nftfsk rfdjm'-v stJj h vsk dhsvfdLkf zfvH jsvsYb mfodvshv
mfodvshv Ivp ntfskv iCshG lc vfjzfk bIt iVf dbsq jcvzfb-ncfriD Ivspv iCshG lc vfjzfk bIstv. zfmvf iajk x kKA fvf k]fv Hct LfvBfv
zfdtmslv msLA dhkjG zfsY hst zk} zfmfv fsb dYt bf. zfdm ufbkfm, dbvnsbv iaqfn ifh - b wfzffr. [sB ntfk nisjG mrfbhD rsk
mfpXrfhiDslv sj sj dhdH hfrfbfsk hcJfvD-mcndtsmv mk rflDn oas dj Lvsbv hBGbf snsY kf J]csu slJfv syf jdv }-
hdBGk mfodvshv iCshG zflfqspfoA lc vfjzfk bIt ntfk nidjGk rflDndt
sKsj lCvk hufq vfsJ. ef kfslv ydv. kfvf nrDr ltDstv iv mfprfshv mrfbhD hstb, iaskAj zfpfb W jfmskv mfsU ntfk zfsY. vi
mkfmksj iafLfbA dlsq Kfsj. dj mrfmdk stJj dbsusj jcvzfb-rflDniD dkbhfv htfv iv swsN htstb, sp yfsh kfv ubA. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk
662bQ)
hst lfhD jvshb, zfhfv nrDr rflDnsj dhbf ltDst `mfbnCJ'(jfpGjvD bq) hst dkdb zfsvf hstb, mb sjfb Ivp ntfk sb, pfv iCshG 2 vfjzfk ntfk
mhA jvshb, ef zk} zfrst rflDsnv ubA swfHbDq bq. sb. (hsb drfb, kfhfvfbD, dntdntfr nrDrfr 232, nrDt ufsm' 5730bQ)
zfmvf k]fv lfhDv pKfKGkf dbsq dhfdvk zfstfybf jvfv iCshG dkdb sp hsqv
mrfbhD hstb, skfmvf mfodvshv iCshG ntfk iV. skfmvf mfodvshv iCshG
bfmjvB `nftfsk rfdjm' dlsq jsvsYb, kf dbsq djYc htsk yf. `nftfk' bq,
ntfk iV. zk}iv kxkDqhfsv dkdb hstb, sp yfq sn iVsh. jKf htfv
ntfk; pf zfmvf iadkdbqk i]fyhfv iadkdk jdv. kf mCtk} vnCtc fr -v jfvB, dkdb ntfksj stfsjslv (uvvD) nck msb jsv sbWqfsj ziYl
ntfskv zbcjvsB. vnCtcfr hstsYb, jvstb. (hcJfvD, mcndtm, dmwjfk 1165bQ)
.Q 2 Q * /)2' $ H * zfbfn hstb, zfmvf mlDbfq dYtfm. mczfpXdpb pJb mfodvshv zfpfb
ntfk Hfsh zflfq jv, spHfsh zfmfsj skfmvf ntfk zflfq jvsk dlk, kJb stfsjvf iadkspfdokfv nfsK mnduslv Jffstfv iyfsk 2
slsJY. (hcJfvD) vfjzfk ntfk iVsk stso spk. mbdj pdl sjfb zufbf stfj sn mndusl
sn ubA zfufhdL pk stfj ntfk nisjG h dtsJsYb, k]fvf hsqv iashw jvk, kfrst k stfsjv ntfk iVf slsJ sn msb jvk, rqskf
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dw[f' hf `Ddbqfk dw[f' kAfdl bfm dlsq [f rsqsYb. dj sj lfhD 1180 bQ)
jsvbdb sp, ef zfmfv ntfk hf zfmfv bfmfp. zfct rfdjm nfsrh dj mfvNfl dhb zfcfr hstb, zfdm jhfr zft-ucrfbDv dbje sn httfm,
hsqv bfmjvsBv mfLAsm ik hcUfsk sysqsYb sp, hsqv hhA-dhNq k]fv zfdm dj zfhC kfmDsmv jde zfypG Jhv hth bf? db mfodvshv ntfskv
mdj-ianCk, vnCtcfr rsk hdBGk bq. sjbbf ntfk skf vnCtc fr -v zfso 2 vfjzfk ntfk isVb! jhfr htstb, zfmvf zffrv vnCt -
ntfk. zfct rfdjsmv ntfk bq. kfYfVf dkdb pdl `zfct' w dhsqfo jsv v pfmfbfq kf iVkfm. zfdm httfm, kfrst Jb zfibfsj iVsk hfLf slq
`rfdjm' w fvf `zffr'sj hcUfsk sysqsYb, kfrstW kf Hct. sjbbf, djsn? dkdb htstb, jfu hf hAkf. (hcJfvD, dmwjfk 1181bQ)
h mfnfsqstv mk mfnXzftfskW mksHl jsvsYb tfmfoB. iadn W
nrDr rflDsn Kfjf nsW k]fvf msb jsvb ntfk dhlzfk. sj sj msb mfodvshv zfpfb W jfmskv mfsU hAhLfb dmCtj W DjxdkmCtj Hq
jsvb, kf mbnCJ (jfpGvdrk). kfv dhdH jfvB zfsY; spmb }- nck fvf iamfdBk rt. (zft-mcmsk' 1/58)
1. ntfk zffrv bhD isVbdb. (nftfsk rfdjm 2ix}) 2. JctfIfsq vfswlDb - yfv JdtIf lcvfjfk bfmfp iVskb bf hf zdHmk
ntfk mrfbhD isVsYb hst rflDn hdBGk zfsY. (dntdntfr nrDrfr 233bQ) sifNB jvskb bf. zdLjfQw s[s htf rq, yfv JdtIfv zflwG W mkhfslv
dj mkfsv kf nrDr bq. (kfmfmct dmfr, zfthfbD 242ix}) hvQ rpvk zfbfn iv skjfl W zbcnvB jvf psK. (nftfsk rfdjm 1ix})
hstb, `zfmvf zffrv vnct -v pcso nCpG sFfhfv iv mfodvshv ntfskv Lc yfv JtDIf sjb, nfvf dhswv mfbcN pdl jLfv rsq pfq hQ zfmfslv
zfso 2 vfjzfk ntfk iVkfm.' jKf sb kfshqD mcJkfv dhb IctIct mrfbhD -v zflwG pdl zbA Lfsv pfq, kfrst nh sYsV dlsq mrfbhD -v
k]fsj dufnf jvstb, `zffrv vnCt dj 2 vfjzfk ntfk iVskb?' zflswGv iv 'dkjfl W k]fv zbcnvB jvf zidvrfpG.
sv zfbfn htstb, `dkdb zfmfslvsj kf iVsk slJskb. dj sn mrfb zffr hstb, sr mfblfvoB! skfmvf zffrv zfbcokA jv, vfnCstv
hAfifsv zfmfslvsj djYc zfslwW jvskb bf hQ dbsNLW jvskb bf.' (mcndtm, zfbcokA jv hQ skfmfslv sbkxfbDq hAd (vfsbkf W tfmfslv) zfbcokA
dmwjfk 1179bQ) jv. zfv pdl sjfb dhNsq skfmfslv mksHl Ose ksh sn dhNqsj skfmvf zffr
dj dkdb isVsYb dj bf, kf dhkdjGk rstW dkdb db}nslsr iVsk zfslw W vnCstv iadk dIdvsq lfW. de skf m hQ idvBfsm iajx kv. (nCvf dbnf
jsvsYb hQ iVsk slsJ dbsNL jsvbdb. zfv kf jKfv iamfB sp, kf 59 zfqfk)
mcfrfh. dj bf, skfmfv iadkiftsjv wiK! kfvf mcdmb rsk ifvsh bf; pk[B ipG
zffmf zfthfbD dmwjfskv (1/370) zfbfsnv rflDsnv eDjfq hstb, kfvf kfslv dbsuslv dhhfl-dhnfslv dhyfv-Hfv skfmfv iv ziGB bf jsv,
zk}iv skfmfv dnf ns kfslv msb sjfb dLf bf Kfsj hQ nhGf}jvsB
$ - t% 0* T $ H h @ # Q | w / ) q $ - Q| $/ / $ -:
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&$ / Kq h 7 #* 0 a b /: * K' $0 c2 !$ Q-: ! ns jcvhfbDv i bf Kfjst zfhC hfjXv W mfv Ivfl rsj m
.$ ~)2 h @ #* )| -: bT $ H e / $ - u a Q|@ *0 Q-@ q, msb jvskb. i[fsv nrDr ncfrsk kfmfc r m rWqfv hAfifsv hBGbf
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slJskb. dj sn hAfifsv zfmfslvsj djYc zfslwW jvskb bf) zfslw bf dj sj sj zfhC hfjXv W mfsvv jKf htst dkdb hstdYstb, zdk nkv
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rt ntfk. kf mb jde hflk, zffrv vnCt pfv Djxdk dlsqsYb W skfmvf htY, `zfhC hfjXv W mfv hstsYb. (zfrmfl 1/337, v nblde lchtG .
zhwA zsKG nrDr nbsl mcnffI zfcv vfpXpfsj jde zfNfv hdBGk rsqsY. slJcb } pflct
zbcsmflb jsvsYb. nckvfQ kf mCt drnfsh zhAfrk Kfjsh. zfv mCt rt, kf mfzfl 2/195, 206)
dhsLq W mcfrfh. zhwA dbsNL Kfjst sn jKf dH. hvQ kfv iVf-bf iVfv j hAfifsv zfcfr dhb mfv -sj j hAd htt, `zfibfv zff skf
hAfifsv Jdkqfv iamfdBk rsqsY; spmb iCshG zfstfdyk rsqsY. zfv kfW kfmfc r jvsk dbsNL jsvsYb.' jKf sb dkdb kfsj htstb, `zffrv
ntfk mcfrfh rWqfv jKf dbslGw jsv.'
vnCt -v zfslw zdLj mfbfv spfoA, bfdj zfmfv zffv?' (pflct mfzfl
zffmf hsb NfmDb rflDsnv eDjfq hstb, 2/195)
.h)' cg hL@ hL *b hL@D $ <a"| : ! " MB0 @ ' c, B0 hfjD Kfjt yfv JtDIf kf iVskb bf. skf hAfifsv zfcv vrmfb
` rt k]fv kvI sKsj mfodvshv iCshG ntfskv Djxdk. nckvfQ kf dlsq mchfvjicvD (v}) hstb, (pqtqD hafrDm bfJXqD jkGj
x sp rflDn hBGbf jsvsYb,)
rflDn ltDt rWqfv spfoA bq. jfvB kf mc'pft (pqDI). kfYfVf hafrDm hstb,
bfJqD zfsqwf (vfdpqff zfbrf) YfVf sjfb nfrfhDsj slsJbdb, kfrst dkdb .( *0 ' q %R 2 %R Q 2 ") q , )
yfv JtDIfv rft djHfsh ufbstb? dkdb sp zfNfv hBGbf jsvb, kfv jdev zKGf{, de nrDr bq. jfvB, kf zfhC zfh zKhf zfh nCs hdBGk. zfv
nbsl vsqsY idvyqrDb vfhD hQ zbAdev nbsl vsqsY dYkf. nckvfQ dlsq ufdb bf sp, sn sj? (zKGf{, vfhD idvyqrDb.) (zft-mcrff 2/254, zfNX-Nfmfvt mcfkfh, zfthfbD
iamfB jvf pfq bf sp, k]fvf kf iYl jvskb bf. zhwA k]fvf kf bfW iVsk 1/63, pqDI zfhC lfl)
ifsvb. spsrkc kf kAfo jvf mchfr. spsrkc bhD hstsYb, sp yfsh kfv kf YfVf hsb mfv -v ntfk iVsk bf slJfv jfvsB hcJfvDv
ubA. (slJcb } kcrIfkct zfrWqfpD) dhkm rflDn mbnCJ rsq pfq bf. hvQ dkdb bf slJstW zbA nfrfhfoB skf
zkh jKf iamfB rq bf sp, yfv JtDIf ntfk isVbdb. zfv hfjD slsJsYb; spmb zfbfsnv zfNfsv hdBGk rsqsY.
nfrfhfoB sp isVsYb, kfv jKf ipGc zfbfn W mfvNfslv rflDsn hdBGk (o) hcvflf -v rflDnW nrDr bq. spsrkc kfv nbsl rfqfb vfhD dmKcAj.
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rstW lc vfjzfk YfVh bf.' spsrkc ntfk rt swa hflk W dhLfb. hBGbf jvskb bf.
3. zfct rfdjm nr zbAfbAvf hstb, isvf rflDndt mfbnCJ. vdrk, i[fsv sJfl hcvflf W k]fv sYst zfcfr mfodvshv iCshG lc vfjzfk
iakAfrk.
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(j) hafrDm bfJXqD hstb, yfv JtDIf ntfk isVbdb. mfIfkDr 4/140)
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pdl lcht
G rq, kfrst skf kf nrDr rflDsnv bfsnJ rsk ifsv bf. rWqfv jKfde s[ispfoA bq. spsrkc sn jKfv sjfb ltDt sb.
Jb slJf pfj, bfsnJ rflDnstfv zhf dj? mfm bfWqfhD hstb,
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A A AI, $ C I, = F ? I, '$A" )< $ ? F @L L?9= I$As< *A -< :? F @L A A A F A $L ?2A
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A A
sjfb nfrfhD sjfb rflDn zbcpfqD zfmt bf jvst, kf mbnCJ rsq pfq bf.
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zfsov W sjfbXde isvv rflDn kfv dkrfn ufbsk ifvh. zfv Jfsb kfv mfosvshv zfnt bfmfp St rsq pfq.'
djYc sb. (wfv mcndtm 3/196) mWtfbf zfct rfjDm nfsrh hstsYb, ` lc vfjzfk nmq iVfv
zfmf hflcfr mchfvjicvD (v}) hstb, jfvsB mfosvshv Ivp bfmfp kfdJv hf ste rsq pfq. rpvk mf zfsqwfv (vf})
h $1 $c & f# & ! f /%H & $ /K a l) ( rfdlsn (mcndtm wvDI kfdutcn nftfk) mfosvshv Ivp bfmfp ste jsv iVfv
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kfVfkfdV hQ mfodvshv bfmfpW kfVfkfdV
kfVfkfdV isVsYb.' sj hstb, `mfosvshv
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rWqfv hAfifsv rflDnde (i) ltDt. nfrfhf W kfshbslv jde s[ispfoA bq. ()
ufmfzfk jKf hstb. ivhkGD zfdtmosBv msLA zfrmfl (hsb rfft), mfm bfWqfhD hstb, p]fvf hstb sp, lc vfjzfk ntfk iVst mfodvh
nrfj (hsb vfrWqfqr) W mcrfdnoB jKf hstsYb. zfv ef rt `kfdJv' (slvD) rsq pfsh, k]fslv dyfLfvf shjfv hQ ncfr idviD.
ndEj jKf. zfv efsj mfbnCJ htfef mb dhNq, pfsj vk slWqfv iaw kfYfVf ntfk iVfv ubA sp nmq tfso kf skf sbrfk nfmfbA, kfsk
sb. sjbbf, snef shltDt jKf. (dmvzfkct mfIfkDr 4/138) zfWqft z sKsj kf'JDv rq bf. (wfv mcndtm 1/196)
rfbfID mprfshv dhdH eDjf-debD sKsj mbnCJ rWqfv mk oarB jsv pdl rfsIp hsb rfufv hstb, dhdH ltDtnmCsrv nmd dbslGwbf slq sp,
`s zftD sbr]D hcosp mczfdhqf' iajfw swA rq, kfrst sYsV dlb mfsmv ntfk rff jvf mcfrfh, spmb Iusvv lc' vfjzfk nck rq. (Ifkt hfvD
diYsb nCvf Ifdkrf, jfvB WefW W]vf mbnCJ hstb. sYsV dlb vIsq qAflfb, 2/432)
jfvB snefW W]slv msk mbnCJ. Hfsh h djYc ifshb, pf zsbsj mbnCJ hf `mfosvshv bfmfspv iv kDv iVfv ufqof slJf spsk rsh.' zhwA slJf
pqDI hstsYb zKy kf zfrst rflDsnv dbje zfmtspfoA Lc ubA sp, k]fvf pfsh. ntfk iVsk hV sufv 2/3 dmdbe tfso. zfv kfsk sjfb ifKGjA
dhbf sjfb zi[ifdksk pfyf-hfYf jsv nrDr rflDn fvf zfmt jsvb. nCdyk rq bf. mf-mlDbfq mfodvshv zfpfsbv 5-10 dmdbe iv ufmfzfk v
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