Building Technology

FLEA 2013 Review

UAP-Dubai Chapter
 IDENTIFY THE SPECIFICATIONS (USING THE PICTURES) FOR
THE TYPE OF WALL YOU WILL SUGGEST FOR CLIENT

FBX STACK BOND 4 X 4 X 12 RAKED PROFILED MORTAR ASHLAR

CUT STONE SINGLE WYTHE BLOCK WALL
Praying Room

Esplanade

Mihrab (Praying Niche)

Wadi Ghalilah Mosque, Ras Al Khaimah

Mosque built using clay bricks and rough cut stone fabricated at site, mud
mixed with clay and seashells, and wheat chaff and mud for mortar.
MASONRY
The art of shaping, arranging and uniting stone, brick, building blocks, etc. to
form walls and other parts of the building. It is constructed using masonry
units of such material as clay, shale, glass, gypsum, or stone, set in in
mortar.

Masonry is strong on
compression but
requires additional
support (such as
reinforcing bars) to
compensate for
tensile and bending
stress. That is why
reinforced concrete is
not considered a
masonry unit.

Wythe refers to a continuous vertical section of a wall that is one

masonry unit in thickness.
 SINGLE WYTHE DOUBLE WYTHE If the space
WALL. WALL. between the two
wythes is less than
1, it is called a
collar joint, and is
filled entirely with
mortar and cement

DOUBLE WYTHE VENEER WALL.

CAVITY WALL.
TERMINOLOGIES
How bricks are laid are termed as the ff:
BRICK
The oldest manufactured building material in the world. Sun-dried mud bricks
have been used as far back as 10,000 years and fire bricks since 3,000
BC.
THREE TYPES

TYPE FBA (Fire Brick Architectural)

These include hand molded bricks as well as extruded bricks that have been
tumbled and rolled before firing to soften the edges or dent the surfaces. Quite
common and widely used since they look like old bricks.
TYPE FBS (Fire Brick Standard)
These have a more uniform look and the dimensions do not vary as much
from one brick to another, the edges are sharper and there are fewer and
smaller chips and cracks. Common along with the FBA.

TYPE FBX
More expensive and are quite precise with tight limits on variations, chips and
cracks. The edges are sharp and crisp, which give them a more
contemporary look.
CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT (CMU)
CMUs are molded and cured concrete blocks that are made up of cement,
sand and aggregates.

PARTS
 DIMENSIONS
NOMINAL AND ACTUAL
TYPES
TYPES OF MORTAR ACCORDING TO STRENGTH

1. Type M mortar is a high strength mortar recommended for use in

reinforced masonry below grade or in contact with the earth, as foundation
and retaining walls subject to high lateral or compressive loads;
compressive strength is 2500 psi (17,238 kPa).

2. Type S mortar is a medium-high-strength mortar recommended for use in

masonry where bond and lateral strength are more important than
compressive strength;
compressive strength is 1800 psi (12,411 kPa).

3. Type N mortar is a medium-strength mortar recommended for general use

in exposed masonry above grade where high compressive and lateral
strength are not required;
compressive strength is 750 psi (5,171 kPa).

4. Type O mortar is a low-strength mortar suitable for use in interior non-load

bearing walls and partitions.

5. Type K mortar is a very low-strength mortar suitable only for use in interior
non-load bearing walls where permitted by the building code.
 1.40 - 1.50 M

1.20 1.30 M

LAYOUT
 1
5
4

DOUBLE WYTHE
MORTAR JOINT PROFILES

BOTTOM TERMINATION SHOWING CAVITY

EFFLOURESCENCE white powdery
deposit on exposed masonry wall due to
leaching of soluble salts
Solution: Dry Brushing or Clean Water Flushing

CALCIUM CARBONATE STAINS the

reaction of Portland cement/mortar with
water and air, over time.
Solution: Acid Cleaning
PAVING
provides a wearing surface for pedestrian or vehicular traffic in the
landscape. It is a composite structure whose thickness and construction are
directly related to:

type and intensity of traffic and loads to be carried

bearing capacity and permeability of the sub grade
UNIT PAVERS

INTERLOCKING
PAVERS

GRID PAVERS
 OASIS, AL AYN
SHOWING ROUGH CUT STONE WALLS AT
ENTRANCE AND CONCRETE
INTERLOCKING PAVERS
NATURAL STONE can be described on the
matter where, how and the description on
which it was obtained. It can be rubble,
ashlar, flagstone, granite, limestone,
sandstone, etc.
 Cast Rubble Stone

CAST STONE is a fine grained precast

concrete product manufactured to resemble
natural stone, with the same finish but cut
and dressed to precise shapes and
dimensions.

Rubble Stone Patterns

CULTURED STONE is another simulated
stone manufactured to look like rustic stone.

ASHLAR

RUBBLE STONE
 IDENTIFY THE SPECIFICATIONS (USING THE PICTURES) FOR
THE TYPE OF WALL YOU WILL SUGGEST FOR CLIENT

FBX STACK BOND

4 X 4 X 12 ASHLAR CUT STONE RUBBLE
STONE
RAKED PROFILED MORTAR

COMBINATION OF FBX ASHLAR CUT STONE AND CAST RUBBLE

STONE 4X4X12 NOMINAL STACK BONDED WITH RAKED PROFILED
MORTAR SINGLE WYTHE BLOCK WALL