Part 8. Auxiliary Equipment | Chapter 2.
Motors And Motor Controls
CHART 2 POWER FACTORS OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AT FULL LOAD
Capacitor-Start, Capacitor-Run Motor (Fig. 35)
The capacitor-start, capacitor-run motor has two
capacitors in series with the auxiliary winding and a
transfer switch which cuts out the low impedance
starting capacitor after the rotor reaches two-thirds to
three-quarters full load speed. The running capacitor of
high impedance and low capacitance stays in the
circuit with the auxiliary winding. This motor has the
highest starting torque. Figure 34 demonstrates the
torque characteristics of various single-phase motors
(split-phase and capacitor types).
The capacitor motors are suited to applications
with normal starting torque such as fans, blowers and
centrifugal pumps. Motors of higher starting torque
may be applied to reciprocating compressors; these
motors have a rather high lagging power factor while
running (Chart 2).
The capacitors are either electrolytic or oil-filled
types; performance of both may be affected by low
ambient temperatures. The electrolytic capacitors fall in
performance (about 15%) at a temperature of 0-15 F.
Similarly the oil-filled capacitors fall in performance at a
temperature approaching 10 F. The motor torque
performance must be reduced accordingly at a slightly
higher rate.
Shaded-Pole Motor (Fig. 35)
The shaded-pole motor (often of subfractional size)
is very similar to the permanent split-capacitor motor in
torque characteristics, that is, low at starting. In place of
auxiliary winding the shaded-pole motor has a
depression at each salient pole filled with a continuous
copper loop, thus shading a small portion of each pole.
Current applied to the main winding of the stator
produces an effect in this shorted loop (shading coil)
that helps to establish the initial low starting torque
which turns the rotor and the load. The running torque
is also low. Thus motors of this type may be applied
only to direct-driven fans such as with room fan-coil
units. The motor is air-over cooled. The efficiency and
power factor of shaded pole motors are very low. They
are the smallest single-phase motor available, usually in
sized smaller than 1/5 horsepower. Figure 35 Shows
connection diagrams for single-phase motors.
With the use of tapped main windings shaded-pole
motors may satisfy multi-speed applications. Fractional
horsepower, single-phase motors can be adapted to