Index

Subject index
abrasion resistance, 93-4, 96 Doi-Edwards model, 182
acrylic fiber, 66-78, 193 double kick roller (DKR), 89, 96
air resistance, 49-53 double spinning funnel, 83-4, 87-8
alkaline reduction (of diameter), 116-7 draw resonance, 168
aramids, see polyamides, aromatic drawn yarn see FO Y
aromaticity parameter, 137 DSC, 31, 35-6, 155, 166-7
Avrami equation, 6-7, 11, 23 Duretta continuous spinning, 82
dyeability, see dyeing
Bemberg rayon fiber, 66, 78-96 dyeing, 28-9, 54-5, 61, 197, 227, 249
binoda1, 13
biological treatment, 239 E-glass fiber, 184
birefringence, !J.n 6-8, 30-3, 47-8, 51, 54-5 electron microscopy see SEM, TEM
Black equation, 137-8, 145 elongational flow, strain, viscosity, 2, 18-19,
blue yarn, 81-2 43-5,48
bursting, see spinning, burst entanglement, chain, 175-8, 181-2
ethylene/vinyl alcohol see EVAL
carbon fiber, 184 EVAL,247
ceramic particles, see inorganic particles extruder 178,213-4
cholesteric, 133-4, 138
CJ, see coagulation jet fiber
cloud point, 66-8 acrylic, 66-78, 193
coagulation jet, 88-9, 94 aramid, 17-8, 130-3, 136, 138-144, 147,
cold drawing, 53 174, 184
corona charging, 106 Bemberg rayon, 66, 78-96
critical concentration, see critical solution bicomponent, 117, 236, 248
point bicomponent, core-sheath, 108, 113, 196,
critical solution point, critical concentation 208-24,247
67-9 carbon, 184
crystallisation, 2, 6-7, 9-11,14-15,18,20-1, composite, see spinning, conjugate
23, 30-1, 35, 40, 44-5, 47-9, 53, 58 conjugate, 108, 116-18, 125-8, 188-9,
194, 196-200, 203, 215, 217, 228,
deaeration, 214 231-2, 236-8, 245, 251
deformation rate, 41-3, 45 E-glass, 184
diameter distribution, 112-3 funny, 129
die swell, 140, 150-1, 165-6, 180 hollow, 119,235,237,240,245,253
differential scanning calorimetry see DSC NP, 87-94, 96
differential shrinkage, see shrinkage, optical, 208-24
differential plastic image, 221-3
dividible type fiber, see splitting UHSPE, 172-6, 182-5
DKR, see double kick roller ultra-fine, 187-207
 Index 255

UNP,93-6 nematic, 133--4, 138-9, 162-3

flexible manufacturing system see FMS net (mesh) converter, 73, 77, 89-91, 96
Flory theory, 136 NMR spectroscopy, 137
fluoropolymer, 210, 218-9 non-circular cross-section, 11 5-21, 125-8,
FMS, 61-2 196-8, 226, 229-30, 232, 237, 248, 253
FOY, 25-9, 32--4, 54-5, 61 nonwovens, 105-114
fukurami, 115 dry-laid, 105
fully oriented yarn see FaY spunbonded, 105-9, 111, 113
spunlaced, 105
gelation, 9, 12, 65 wet-laid, 105
GI (graded-index) optical fiber, 209 NP spinning method and fiber, 87-94, 96
glass optical fiber, 208, 221-2 nucleation, 6, 11
Graessley model, 182 nnmeri,115
nylon, 26, 55, 106, 112, 127, 184, 195-7, 199,
hand, 71, 115, 117, 119, 124-5,226,230, 228, 247
236-7, 246, 253
hank spinning, see spinning, hank oligomers, 213
hari, 115 optical fiber, 208-24
HBA/HNA copolyester, 164-9 see also glass, 208, 221-2
Vectra, Vectran graded index, 209
heat treatment, 143, 145, 152-7, 163--4, plastic, 208-24
166-170 polycarbonate, 210, 218-9
high-gravity fiber, 123-5 quartz, 208, 221-2
highly oriented yarn see HOY step index, 209
high-speed spinning thermosetting resin, 210, 219-20
melt, 2, 18-23, 25-64 order parameter, 135
solution, 70, 72-8, 87-96, 103, 181, 183, oriented mesophase, 20, 39--41, 45
192
HOY, 61 PAN, 172, 174, 183, 185
Hoffman continuous spinning, 73, 82-7, 92 partially oriented yarn see PO Y
PBA, 131, 136, 144
inorganic particles (ceramic particles), PBT, 106, 112
123-5, 226, 240, 243 PC optical fiber, 210, 218-9
ionomers, 210 PEEK, 14-15
islands-in-a-sea, 108, 187, 189, 194-7, 201 PET, 18-22, 25-64, 106-8, 112, 122, 127,
174, 179-80, 184, 187, 191-2, 195-7,
Kawabata evaluation system see KES 199, 228, 248-9, 252
KES,115 PET/HBA copolyesters, 149-50, 156-7,
kishimi, 115 163--4, 167
koshi, 115 persistence length, 136
plastic image fiber, 221-3
LIB,59 plastic optical fiber, 208-24
liquid isothermal bath see LIB block-type, 221
lyotropic polymers, 65, 130-1, 134, 136, graded index see GI
138--41, 143-8, 153, 157, 160, 168 sheet-type, 221
step-index see SI
Mark-Houwink equation, 136-7 plexifilament, 106
Matsui's equation, 43 PMMA, 208-24
melt-blowing, see spinning, melt-blow POF, see plastic optical fiber
methyl methacrylate (MMA) polyacrylonitrile see PAN
copolymers, 210 poly (aryl-ether-ketone) see PEEK
polymerization, 211-13 poly (p-benzamide) see PBA
micro-craters, 124, 126, 230, 253 poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) see
micro-phase separation, 67-8 PPTA
mixed filaments, 225-6, 240-1 polybutylene terephthalate see PBT
MMA see methyl methacrylate polycarbonate optical fiber see PC optical
multi-picture element, 220-1 fiber
polyethylene terephthalate see PET
necking, 18-23, 41-9, 53--4 poly(4-methyl-l-pentene), 15,210
Nelson rollers, 73 polymethylmethacrylate see PMMA
256 Advanced fiber spinning technology

polyphenylene sulphide see PPS SLH,54-8,

polyvinyalcohol see PVA smectic, 133-4, 138-9
poly(vinylidene fluoride), 210 spandex (segmented polyurethane) fiber, 66,
polyamides, aromatic, 130-2, 136, 143, 184 97-103
polyazomethines, aromatic, 131-2, 136, 143 spinline heating see SLH
polyesters, aromatic, 130-2, 136, 148-57, spin-draw, 25, 26
160-71 spin-stretch factor, 143
polyethylene, 107-9, 172 ,174, 179, 180, spinning funnel, 75-7, 79-80
195,202 spinning
HDPE, 9, 11, 12, 13-15, 112 air-gap, 70-5, 141-6
LDPE, 109-12 burst, 190,204
LLDPE,109 centifugal, 189, 204
UHMwPE, 11, 12, 174-81 composite, see spinning, conjugate
UHSPE fibers, 172-6, 182-5 conjugate, 108, 116-8, 125-8, 188-9, 194,
po1yhydrazides, aromatic, 130-1 196-200,203,215,217,228,231-2,
po1yimides, 130-2, 143, 145 236-8, 245, 251
polymerization, bulk, 211, 213 Duretta continuous, 82
polymers dry, 8, 97-103
anisotropic, 130-159 dry-jet wet, see spinning, air-gap
heterocyclic, 130-2, 143, 145 flash, 105-6, 188-9, 201-3
lyotropic, 65, 130-1, 134, 136, 138-41, gel, 172-186
143-8, 153, 157. 160, 168 Hank, 80-4, 86, 92
thermotropic, 130-1, 134-6, 148-57, 160-71 Hoffman continuous, 73, 82-7, 92
polynosic, 239 high-speed, see high-speed spinning
polyolefines, 26, 106 jet, 201
polypropylene. 109-11, 195,200-1 melt, 3-7, 9-11, 25-64
polystyrene melt-blow, 100-3, 105-6, 188-9, 200-1
atactic, 112, 195, 208 multi-layer, 188-9,199-201
isotactic, 15-16 NP, 87-94, 96
POY, 26, 33, 35, 57, 61 polymer blend, 203
PPS, 106, 112, 195 reaction, 97
PPTA, PPD-T, 17-18, 131-3, 136, 138-44, solution, 8, 11, 65-104, 152
147, 174 stretch, 79, 96
PYA, 12, 13, 172, 174, 183, 185 super-cooled, 162, 168
UNP,93-6
quenching, 58 wet, 8-9, 12, 65-98, 142-4
spinodal, 12-13
Reiter colligation, 82 splitting type fiber, 108-9, 118, 126-7,194,
rheo-optical measurements, 137 197, 200, 248
rheology, 2, 6, 43, 140, 150, 178-80 static electricity, 106
steel fiber, 184
S-M-S process, 113-4 super-draw, 192
scroop, 125, 229, 235 surface treatment, 116-18, 124
SEM, 13, 78, 118-21, 123-8, 225-53
self-extensible filaments, 122-3 tatami, 10
sea-island see islands-in-a-sea TEM, 10, 13-18, 33
separation type fiber see splitting thermosetting resin, 210, 219-20
shari, 115 thermotropic polymers, 130-1, 134-6,
shear rate, 140-1, 150-1, 164-5, 179-80 148-57, 160-71
shear stress, 140-1, 162, 166, 216 aromatic ring-substitution type, 160-1,
sheet-type POF, 221 167-8
shinayakasa, 115 flexible-group introduction type, 160-1,
Shingosen, 63, 116-18, 124, 189, 225-53 163-4, 167
shish-kebab, 9, 10 rod-like molecule copolymerization type,
shrinkage, 28-9, 51, 55, 58, 71, 74, 128, 230 160-1, 164-8
shrinkage, differential, 116-18, 121-4, 127, tire yarn, 59-61
221,228-9, 235-6, 238-9 touch, 63, 115, 226-8, 230, 234, 237-8, 240,
SI (step-index) optical fiber, 209 244, 250-3
silicone, 210, 219, 223 transmission electron microscopy, see TEM
skin-core structure, 2, 18, 32-3, 35, 53-4 transmission loss, 208-12, 215-19, 222
 Index 257

VDY, 25 Yam
ultra-fine fibers, 187-207
undrawn yam see UDY
UNP spinning method and fiber, 93--6
water-repellent fabric, 126, 127, 129, 228
Weissenberg effect, 178'
wrapped yam, 234-5
X-ray (analysis, crystallinity, diffraction),
9-10, 13, 33--40,48, 51-2, 55, 137, 169
bicomponent, 232, 236, 252
blue, 81-2
composite, 227, 238-9, 242, 244
drawn, 25-9, 32--4, 54-5, 61
fully oriented, 25-9, 32--4, 54-5, 61
highly oriented, 61
partially oriented, 26, 33, 35
undrawn, 25
wrapped, 234-5

Company index
Page numbers referring to patents are italicized

Amoco, 160 Kanebo, 115, 119, 120, 123, 125, 127-8, 194,
Asahi, 54, 61, 62, 64, 65, 74, 78, 104. 114, 197-9, 206, 237-9
119, 124-5, 191-2, 202, 206, 207, 218, Kimberley-Clark Corp., 114
244-6,252-3 Kuraray, 119, 120, 124--6, 160--1, 199,200,
Asahi Chemical Industries see Asahi 203,206,207,250--1
Asahi Kasei Kogyo see Asahi
Minnesota Mining & Mfg, 114
BASF,160 Mitsubishi Chemical Industries, 160
Bayer, 160 Mitsubishi Rayon, 61-2, 74, 104, 193, 206,
Bemberg,78 207-13, 218, 221
Monsanto, 71, 73
Carborundum, 131, 153, 160, 170--1
Celanese see Hoechst-Celanese Nippon Kodashi, 113
Nippon Oil, 160
Dart Industries, 171 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone, NIT,
DuPont, 25, 57--60,63,97,106,130-1,158- 208
9, 160,171, 188, 192, 194, 197,201-2,
206,208 Polyplastics, 160
Dyneema, 186
Sumitomo Chemical Co., 160, 167,171
Eastman Kodak ,131, 160, 170 Sumitomo Denko, 218
Esso Reseach and Engineering see Exxon
Exxon, 110--1,206 Teijin, 25, 57,61-2,64, 123, 125--6, 145. 192,
197, 199, 200, 206, 207, 232--6
Fujitsu, 218 Teijin Kasei, 218
Toray, 56-7,61-3,64,108,114,123,125--6,
Granmont, 160 128, 187-8, 194, 197, 199, 200, 206,
225-31
Hitachi Densen, 219 Toso, 160
Hoechst-Celanese, 59, 60--1, 64, 131, 153, Toyobo (Toyo Spinning), 56-8, 62, 64. 104.
159, 160,171 124-5, 173,207,240--3

ICI, 160 VCC, 203

Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., 218 Veno Fine Chemicals Industries, 160
IG Farben, 97 Vnitika, 62, 105, 107-8, 119-121, 128, 160,
170, 191, 206. 207, 247-9
258 Advanced fiber spinning technology

Trade name index

Aege,245 Naiva,247
Ajenty, 123, 232 Nazca, 238
Alcantara, 187
Aoai,239 Novaccurate, 160

Belima-X, 127 Objet, 239

Belseta PS, 127
Bonanza, 244 Perlon V, 97
Piceme, 128,228
Cashmeena, 238 Polystal, 160
CEO cr, 226
CEO, 230 Rapitus, 125-6
Clement, 249 Reemay,106
Condaire, 229 Riranche, 227
Condenier, 233 Rochet,236
Consoff, 236 Rodran,160
Cosma-a, 128 Romiel,250
Criseta, 246 Rominair, 128
Rosally, 240
Defor!, 120
Duara,227 Shandel, 243
Duo II, 252 Sillook, 63
Dyneema, 183-4 Sildoll Legerete, 235
Sillook Chatelaine, 125-6,230
Ecsaine, 187 Sillook Royal, 125-6, 229
Ekonol, 132, 153, 160, 167 Sillook Sildew, 123, 228
Eleves, 107-8 Sillook Tiffara, 226
Elfit, 108 SN 2000, 125-6
Eska Extra, 210-1, 213 Socio,242
Soielise N, 120
FF,251 Solo Sowaie, 119
Fontana, 119, 125 Sowaie Palmy, 124
FSY,248
Technora, 132, 145
Geena,241 Teflon, 210, 218-9
Granlar, 160 Tepla,233
Guardia, 232 Treview, 125
Gulka,253
VenD LCP, 160
HAG, HBG, 160 Vltrasuede, 187
HX,160 Ultrax, 160
VTS,125
Kevlar, 17, 131-2
Kilatt, 237 Vectra, 160-1
Vectran, 132, 153, 164, 170
Legere, 123 Victrex SRP, 160
Louvro, 124-5, 240 Vivan,120
Lycra,97
Wellkey, 235
Malor,231 Wellkey-X, 235
Mixy,121
MSC, .20 Xoxo, 234, 235
Xoxo-L,234
Nade,237 XY-E,124
Xydar,160