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AO DE LA CONSOLIDACIN DEL MAR DE GRAU

TEMA:
CARGADORES SOBRE RUEDAS
Presentado por:
Rene Alfredo Calluchi Benito
Curso:
ingles
Profesor:
Prof. kari
Ao:
2016

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ROAD ROLLER
"Roller-compactor" redirects here. For other types of rolling compactors,
see Compactor.

Caterpillar soil compactor equipped with padfoot drum, being used to

compact the ground before placing concrete

An old diesel-powered road roller

Road roller DS-31 (Bieldartehnika JSC )

A road roller (sometimes called a roller-compactor, or just roller) is
a compactor type engineering vehicle used to compact
soil, gravel, concrete, or asphalt in

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theconstruction of roads and foundations, similar rollers are used also at

landfills or in agriculture.
In some parts of the world, road rollers are still known colloquially
as steam rollers, regardless of their method of propulsion. This typically
only applies to the largest examples (used for road-making).
History[edit]

Horse-drawn road roller from 1800

Steam-powered roller

Zettelmeyer diesel-powered road roller

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The first road rollers were horse-drawn, and were probably just
borrowed farm implements (see roller (agricultural tool)).

MAIN ARTICLE: STEAMROLLER

Since the effectiveness of a roller depends to a large extent on its weight,
self-powered
vehicles replaced
horse-drawn
rollers from the
mid-19th century.
The first such
vehicles
were steam rollers.
Single-cylinder
steam rollers were
generally used for
base compaction
and run with high
engine revs in a
low gear to
promote bounce
and vibration from
the crankshaft
through to the rolls
in much the same way as a vibrating roller. The double cylinder or
compound steam rollers became popular from around 1910 onwards
and were used mainly for the rolling of hot-laid surfaces due to their
smoother running engines, however both cylinder types are capable of
rolling the finished surface. Steam rollers were often dedicated to a task
by their gearing as the slower engines were for base compaction
whereas the higher geared models were often referred to as 'chip
chasers' which followed behind the hot tar and chipping laying machines.
Some road companies in the United States used steamrollers through
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the 1950s, and in the UK, some remained in commercial service until the
early 1970s.
As internal combustion engine technology improved during the 20th
century, kerosene-, gasoline- (petrol), and diesel-powered rollers
gradually replaced their steam-powered counterparts. The first internal-
combustion powered road rollers were very similar to the steam rollers
they replaced. They used similar mechanisms to transmit power from
the engine to the wheels, typically large, exposed spur gears. Some
users did not like them in their infancy, as the engines of the era were
typically difficult to start, particularly the kerosene-powered ones.
Virtually all road rollers in commercial use now use diesel power.

USES ON A ROAD: START-TO-FINISH

Road rollers use the weight of the vehicle to compress the surface being
rolled (static) or use mechanical advantage (vibrating).
Initial compaction of the substrate on a road project is done using a
padfoot drum roller, which achieves higher compaction density due to
the pads having less surface area. On large freeways a four wheel
compactor with padfoot drum and a blade, such as a Caterpillar 815/825
series machine, would be used due to its high weight, speed and the
powerful pushing force to spread bulk material. On regional roads a
smaller single padfoot drum machine may be used. The next machine is
usually a single smooth drum compactor that compacts the high spots
down until the soil is smooth, and this is usually done in combination with
a motor grader to get a level surface. Sometimes at this stage a
pneumatic tyre roller would be used. These rollers feature two rows
(front and back) of pneumatic tyres that overlap, and the flexibility of the
tyres provides a kneading action that seals the surface and with some
vertical movement of the wheels, enables the roller to operate effectively
on uneven ground. Once the soil base is flat the pad drum compactor is
no longer used on the road surface. The next course (road base) would
be compacted using a smooth single drum, smooth tandem roller or
pneumatic tyre roller in combination with a grader, and a water truck to

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achieve the desired flat surface with the right moisture content for
optimum compaction. Once the road base is compacted, the smooth
single drum compactor is no longer used on the road surface (There is
however an exception, if the single drum has special flat-wide-base tyres
on the machine). The final wear course of asphalt concrete (a.k.a.
asphalt or blacktop in North America, or macadam in England) is laid
using a paver and compacted using a tandem smooth drum roller, a
three-point roller or a pneumatic tyre roller. Three point rollers on asphalt
were very common once and are still used, but tandem vibrating rollers
are the usual choice now, with the pneumatic tyre roller's kneading
action being the last roller to seal off the surface.
Rollers are also used in landfill compaction. Such compactors typically
have padfoot or "sheep's-foot" drums, and do not achieve a smooth
surface. The pads aid in compression, due to the smaller area contacting
the ground.
CONFIGURATIONS

Flattened and leveled construction site with road roller in the background
The roller can be a simple drum with a handle that is operated by one
person, and weighs 100 pounds, or as large as a ride-on road roller
weighing 22 short tons (44,000 lb or 20 tonnes) and costing more
than US$150,000. A landfill unit may weigh 59 short tons (54 tonnes).
ROLLER TYPES
Pedestrian operated

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Rammer (bounce up and down)

Walk-behind plate compactor/light
Walk-behind plate compactor/heavy (with reverse)
Trench roller (manual unit or radio-frequency remote control)
Walk-behind roller/light (single drum)
Walk-behind roller/heavy (double drum)
Ride-on smooth finish[edit]
Tandem drum (static)
Tandem drum (vibrating)
Single drum roller (smooth)
Pneumatic-tyred Roller, a.k.a. rubber tyre or multi-wheel
Combination roller (single row of tyres and a steel drum)
Three point roller (steam rollers are usually three-point)
Ride-on soil/landfill compactor with pads/feet/spikes[edit]
Single drum roller (soil)
4-wheel (soil/landfill)
3-point (soil/landfill)
Tandem drum (soil/landfill)

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OTHER
Tractor-mounted and tractor-powered (conversion see gallery picture
below)
Drawn rollers or towed rollers (were very common once, but not so now)
Impact compactor (uses a square or polygon drum to strike the ground
hard for proof rolling or deep lift compacting)
Drum roller with rubber coated drum for asphalt compaction
Log skidder converted to compactor for landfill
Wheel loader converted to compactor for landfill
DRUM TYPES
Drums are available in widths ranging from 24 to 84 inches (0.6 to 2
metres).
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TYRE ROLLER TYPES

Tyre rollers are available in widths ranging up to 2.7 metres (8.9 ft), with
between 7 and 11 wheels (e.g. 3 wheels at front, 4 at back): 7 and 8
wheel types are normally used in Europe and Africa; 9 and 11 in
America; and any type in Asia. Very heavy tyre rollers are used to
compact soil.
VARIATIONS AND FEATURES
On some machines, the drums may be filled with water on site to achieve
the desired weight. When empty, the lighter machine is easier and
cheaper to transport between work sites. On pneumatic tyre rollers the
body may be ballasted with water or sand, or for extra compaction wet
sand is used. Modern tyre rollers may be filled with steel ballast, which
gives a more even balance for better compaction.
Additional compaction may be achieved by vibrating the roller drums,
allowing a small, light machine to perform as well as a much heavier
one. Vibration is typically produced by a free-spinning hydrostatic motor
inside the drum to whose shaft an eccentric weight has been attached.
Some rollers have a second weight that can be rotated relative to the
main weight, to adjust the vibration amplitude and thus the compacting
force.
Water lubrication may be provided to the drum surface from on-board
"sprinkler tanks" to prevent hot asphalt sticking to the drum.
Hydraulic transmissions permit greater design flexibility. While early
examples used direct mechanical drives, hydraulics reduce the number
of moving parts exposed to contamination and allows the drum to be
driven, providing extra traction on inclines.
Human-propelled rollers may only have a single roller drum.
Self-propelled rollers may have two drums, mounted one in front of the
other (format known as "duplex"), or three rolls, or just one, with the back
rollers replaced with treaded pneumatic tyres for increased traction.
GALLERY

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Powered, vibrating walk-behind

Ride-on with articulating-swivel (small machine)

Ride-on with articulating-swivel (large machine)

Ride-on with articulating-swivel, Bomag BW 219 DH WR 2500

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Vibrating Dynapac CC232

A Caterpillar CS-533Evibratory roller.

Pneumatic roller

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A road-roller powered by a tractor mounted on it

Road roller, museum, Tenterfield, NSW

Corinsa CCR 14.21B Tyre Roller

Corinsa TC-100 Vibratory tandem Roller

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Impactor Roller "Landpac"

A four wheel type compactor "Raygo" Sandpac

A three point roller with centre articulation "Pannel Plant" Panther

SAKAI SV-520-TF Vibrating roller with detachable smooth shell, which

convert the unit to padfoot drum.

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Sakai Pneumatic tyre roller model TS-200.

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