Siemens Power Technologies International

2nd Generation Models for Modeling of

Renewable Sources (Wind & PV) in PSSE
Presented by Jay Senthil and Yuriy Kazachkov, Siemens PTI
Renewable Energy Modeling task Force (REMTF) Workshop, Salt Lake City, June 17, 2014

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September 2002
Discussion Outline

Representing wind turbines and Photo Voltaic (PV) in PSSE Power Flow
PSSE Dynamic Simulation models of wind turbines and PV systems
2nd Generation Generic wind turbine and PV models in PSSE
Test results for 2nd Generation wind and PV models
Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model for Siemens 2.3 MW and 3
MW Wind machines
Recent developments- Plant controller for multi-unit application
Issues in Modeling of Wind and PV type devices
Summary

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Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSSE Power Flow

Wind machine explicitly identified in power flow data

Reactive power boundary conditions :
Limits specified by QT and QB (i.e., same a non-wind machines)
Limits determined from the machines active power output and a specified
power factor
Fixed reactive power setting determined from the machines active power
output and a specified power factor (typical for induction machines)

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Modeling in Power Flow
- Real Power

Direct MW dispatch as for conventional machines.

User responsible for aggregation of original wind turbines to equivalent
machines.

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Modeling in Power Flow
- Reactive Power

Type 1 and Type 2 WTGs:

If (for example), Qgen consumed is Pgen (i.e. PF 0.9 under-excited):

For example, for WTG rated at 100 MW; Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = 50
Mvar; may want to provide 50 Mvar shunt capacitors at the
equivalent WTG terminals.

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Modeling in Power Flow
- Reactive Power

Type 3 and Type 4 WTGs:

For fixed power factor (PFref) control,

set Qgen = Qmin = Qmax = Qref = Pgen tan[arccos (PFref)]

For steady-state voltage control using WTGs with PF range 0.95,

set Qmax = Pgen tan[arccos (0.95)] = Qmin

For example, for 100 MW WPP using WTGs with +/-0.95 PF range,
set Qmax = 33 Mvar and Qmin = 33 Mvar.

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Collector System Equivalencing Methodology
I
Computation of equivalent collector system parameters Z n 2
I
Beq Bi
i i
for N wind turbine generators and I branches: Z eq Req jX eq i 1
2
N i 1

Example
(N=18, I=21)

Source: Dynamic Performance of Wind Power Generation Working Group IEEE PES PSCE Seattle, WA
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References

[1] WECC Wind Generator Modeling Group, WECC Wind Power Plant Power
Flow Modeling Guide, 2008.

[2] Muljadi, E.; Butterfield C.P.; Ellis, A.; Mechenbier, J.; Hocheimer, J.; Young,
R.; Miller, N.; Delmerico, R.; Zavadil, R.; Smith, J. C. Equivalencing the Collector
System of a Large Wind Power Plant. IEEE Power Engineering Society, General
Meeting, June 12-16, 2006, Montreal, Quebec.

[3] Wind Modeling IEEE Tutorial. 2008, Pittsburgh, PN; 2009, Seattle, WA

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Representation of Wind Turbine
in PSSE Dynamic Simulation

User prepares dynamic raw data file (dyr file) by following example in
modeling package documentation
Two distinct groups of Wind Models:
Vendor specific models: are provided as user-written models.
To represent these machines in power flow, designate the machines
as Not a Wind Machine in the PSSE power flow generator data
record.
Models can be downloaded from:
http://w3.usa.siemens.com/smartgrid/us/en/transmission-
grid/products/grid-analysis-tools/transmission-system-
planning/Pages/transmission-system-
planning.aspx?tabcardname=pss%c2%aee%20user%20support
Generic Wind Models: these models are supplied as part of PSSE library

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Generic Wind Models in PSSE

Siemens PTI has been closely involved in efforts of various WECC working
groups to develop generic models all 4 types (Types 1 through 4) for wind
turbines.

Idea is to create generic models that are parametrically adjustable to represent

specific wind turbines available in the market.

All 4 types became standard PSSE models in Version 32 and above.

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PSSE 1st Generation of Generic Wind Models

Generic model WT1 WT2 WT3 WT4

Generator WT1G WT2G WT3G WT4G
El. Controller WT2E WT3E WT4E
Turbine/shaft WT12T WT12T WT3T
Pitch control WT3P
Pseudo Governor: aerodynamics WT12A WT12A

Above generic model are available

as standard library model starting PSSE 32

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 2nd Generation Generic Wind Turbine Models

PSSE 2nd Generation Wind Models consistent with WECC REMTF

recommendations .

Same set of models to represent different types manufacturers by changing

parameters.

PSSE Model names for 2nd generation models:

REGCAU1: Generator converter model for Types 3, 4 & large scale PV
REECAU1: Electrical control model for Types 3 & 4
REECBU1: Electrical control model for large scale PV
REPCAU1: Plant control model for Types 3 & 4
WTDTAU1: Drive Train model for Types 3 & 4
WTPTAU1: Pitch control model for Type 3
WTARAU1: Aerodynamic model for Type 3
WTTQAU1: Torque control model for Type 3

PSS E 33.4 and above for 2nd generation wind, PSSE 33.5 and above for
large scale PV models
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 Testing of 2nd Generation Models

41902
PV HIGH
41901
INFINITE
41904
-49.0 49.2 41903 PV LOW2 41905
PV LOW PV TERM
5.6 41906 -5.6 100.0

1.06
MID LINE -98.5 100.0 1
-98.1 -98.5 98.5 5.4R

1
1 1.2 0.3 -100.0 100.0

1
11.5R 11.2 -1.2
-49.0 49.1 -49.1 49.3 -0.3 5.4
5.6 -5.6 5.6 -5.6
1.00
0.98 9.8 1.00
1.05 1.05 8.4 12.7
0.0 1.05 2.6
1.3

Details of Test Simulation:

Time step (t = cycle)
Run flat (no disturbance) for 1 s
Apply 3-phase fault at bus 41902, run to 1.1 s
Remove fault, trip branch between 41901 & 41906, run to 10 s

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 plot of vt

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 plot of pg

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT4 plot of qg

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 plot of vt

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 plot of pg

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
WT3 plot of qg

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV plot of vt

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV plot of pg

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Test results for 2nd Generation models
PV plot of qg

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Parameterization of 2nd Generation Generic Model
for the 2.3 MW & 3 MW Siemens WT

The 2nd generation Renewable Energy Generic Model includes several

features that can be successfully used in the course of parameterization of this
model for some vendors implementation.
Couple of examples:
Low Voltage Power Limit of the generator/converter REGCA module can be
used to simulate ramping up active power after fault clearing
The drive train WTDTA module can be used for mimicking the action of the
controller responsible for damping of the machine rotor torsional oscillations
Vdl1/Vdl2 look-up tables of the electrical control REECA module can be used
for simulating the P-Q capability of the unit under fault conditions.

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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Terminal Voltage (Close-in fault)

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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Power (Close-in fault)

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2.3 MW Siemens WT
Reactive current (Close-in fault)

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Recent Developments
Upgrade of the 2nd Generation RE plant controller

Generic Renewable Plant Control Model REPCAU1 is designed to interact with

the local control of the single equivalent (aggregated) unit with control of active
and reactive power (Pref and Qref)

Active power path is used for frequency control. The reactive power path may
be used to control either the POI voltage or reactive power interchange
between the plant and the grid or a power factor at the POI.

Siemens PTI has upgraded the REPCAU1 model to a new REPCMU1 model
with the capability to supervise multiple WTGs.

The new REPCMU1 user written model has the same dynamics of the active
and reactive power paths as a standard REPCAU1 model and a provision to
supervise local controls of up to 150 WTGs.

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Testing with 4 WTGs supervised
by REPCMU1 plant controller

POI Voltage (red), Command from the Plant Controller (blue) as a Response to Step Change
in Plant Controller Voltage Reference (black).
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Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 1: Fictitious Frequency Spikes

Frequency Spike during and after the fault to prevent fictitious

frequency spikes.
Problem is very acute in weak systems.
Causes False Frequency Relay Trips.
Temporary Solution:
Disabling Frequency Relay during
fault.
Long-term Solution:
Better frequency calculation
Siemens PTI is investigating this.

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Issues in Modeling of Wind & PV type devices
Issue 2: Network Non Convergence

Problem: Network does not converge at the onset of the fault and after
fault clearing

Possible Cause: During the fault,

unlike synchronous machines, no inertia to fix , and hence
possibly no voltage angle reference,
WTG control model tries to control P,Q; it needs voltage angle
reference to compute the complex current for the given .
PSSE uses current injection, in the example, voltage is
determined by current: YV = I

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Summary

2nd Generation wind models are available in PSSE starting Version 33.4.

2nd Generation PV models are available in PSSE starting Version 33.5.

Models can be parametrically adjusted to represent any specific wind turbines

available in the market.

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Questions?

Siemens PTI
400 State Street
Schenectady, NY 12305
(518) 395-5013
(518) 395-5132

E-mail:
jayapalan.senthil@siemens.com
yuriy.kazachkov@siemens.com

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