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OED NEW QA Final PDF
OED NEW QA Final PDF
QUESTION BANK
UNIT I
ELEMENTS OF LIGHT AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS
Wave nature of light Polarization Interference Diffraction Light source Review of
quantum mechanical concept Review of solid state physics Review of semiconductor physics
and semiconductor junction device.
PART-A (1 Mark)
1. Intrinsic semiconductor material is characterized by a valence shell of how many electrons?
A)1 B)2 C)4 D)6
2. Ionization within a P-N junction causes a layer on each side of the barrier called the:
A) Junction B) depletion region C) barrier voltage D) forward voltage
3. What causes the depletion region?
A) doping B) diffusion C) barrier potential D)Ions
4. Silicon atoms combine into an orderly pattern called a:
A) covalent bond B) crystal C) the semiconductor D) valence orbit
5. In "n" type material, majority carriers would be:
A) holes B) dopants C) slower D) electrons
6. Elements with 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons usually make excellent:
A) conductors B) semiconductors C) insulators D) neutral
7. A commonly used pentavalent material is:
A) arsenic B) boron C) gallium D) neon
8. Which material may also be considered a semiconductor element?
A) carbon B) ceramic C) mica D) argon
9. What can a semiconductor sense?
A) magnetism B) temperature C) pressure D) all of the above
10. When an electron jumps from the valence shell to the conduction band, it leaves a gap.
What is this gap called?
A) energy gap B) hole C) electron-hole pair D) Recombination
11. Forward bias of a silicon P-N junction will produce a barrier voltage of approximately how many
volts?
A) 0.2 B) 0.3 C) 0.7 D) 0.8
12. Which semiconductor material is made from coal ash?
C B B B D A A A D B C A D B C A
PART B (2 MARKS)
13.What is meant by wave function?{DEC-13]
Wave function is the probability amplitude of finding the electron in an energy state of the solid.It is a
complex displacement of matter wave (electron wave)and we can`t measure it
14.Define depletion layer.
Deflection layer is the region in the p-n junction &it contains no free charge carriers it is existing on the
both sides of a p-n junction&contains immobile ions it is called space charge layer.
15.What are density of states? MAY-11
Density of states is defined as the number of energy states per unit volume in an energy interval. It is
calculate the number of charge carriers per unit volume of the solid.
16.What is meant by contact potential at the p-n junction?
Contact potential barrier arising due to the maintaining of constant Fermi level throughout the p-n
junction.
17. What is the source of bioelectric signals?
The living tissues used as a power station generating multiple electrical
signals with 2 internal sources namely muscles and nerves.
18. What are the types of electrodes?
Microelectrodes
Depth and needle electrodes
Surface electrodes.
19.what is QCSE?
Quantum confined stark effect refers to the bending of potential well dueto transverse applied electric field
and shifting of the absorptuion edge of exciton to lower energy side and resulting absorption of photons
20. What are the needs of the electrodes? JUNE-12
Electrodes makes a transfer from the ionic conduction in the tissue to the electronic conduction which is
necessary for making measurement.
Electrodes plays an important part in the satisfactory recording of bioelectric signals and their choice requires
careful consideration.
21.Mention the important semiconductors used in laser and LEDs?NOV/DEC-13
InGaAsP-to produce wavelength from 1.3m to 1.7m
GaAlAs-to produce wavelength from 0.8mto 0.9m
22.What is the effect of high rise time of drive current in LEDs?
If the rise time increases, carrier life time is increased and hence radiative reambination rate is decreased .
these lead to decrease of bandwidth and output power of LED.
UNIT II
DISPLAY DEVICES AND LASERS
Introduction Photo luminescence Cathode luminescence Electro luminescence Injection
luminescence Injection luminescence LED Plasma display Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)
Numeric displays Laser emission Absorption Radiation Population inversion Optical
feedback Threshold condition Laser modes Classes of lasers Mode locking Laser
applications.
PART-B (1 MARK)
30.When is a P-N junction formed?
A) in a depletion region B) in a large reverse biased region
C) the point at which two opposite doped materials come togetherD) whenever there is a forward
voltage drop
ANSWER:
30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41
C D D B A C C C A A A A
PART-B (2 MARKS)
42.What is LED?
LED is the light emitting diode &consists of a forward biased p-n junction the recombination of electrons from
conduction band with the hole in the valence band,produces emission of light .the energy difference b/w the conduction
electron &bound electron in the valence band is quantum as the energy of the light photon.
43.What is a cryotron? { MAY-13]
Cryotron is a switching element made from two different superconductors arranged in a manner that one
superconductor in the form of a straight wire is enclosed by another superconducting coiland is based on the disappearance
of superconducting state in a superconductor
44.What are liquid crystals?{ MAY-12]
Liquid crystals are the intermediate phases of the crystal they have both fluid &crystalline properties. During the
application of electricfield , there is a change in the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
45.What are the advantages of liquid crystal display?[MAY-13}
It is very cheap.
It irequires very small power. For 1cm2 display area if requires 1micro wave
It is very thin
It can be viewed under avide range of lighting conditions
46.What is meant by intrinsic absorption?
Intrinsic absorption means the IRabsorption and ultraviolet absorption by fiber material(SIO2). IR
asorption is due to Si-O coupling .uv absorption is due to electronic absorption bands.
47.What is meant by electro-absorption?
Absorption of photons whose energy is less then the bandgap energy of a semiconductor by mens of
applied electric field.
48.What are high TC superconducttors? { DEC-12]
High tc superconductors are the superconductors which have higher superconducting transituion temperature
(>80k) their properties cannot be explained by BCS theory.
49.Why do we require IC packages?
To provide electrical contact from the chip to outside
To dissipate the heat produced during service.
57.Explain the operation of LED and derive an expression for the frequency response and bandwidth of an LED.
58.What are the major advantages of LED over LCD? { MAY-12]
59.Derive expressions for gain in a level laser medium? {DEC-12]
60.Explain the basic principle of LED? { JUNE-12]
61.Explain the transient response of LEDS?
62.Discuss the different types of hetero-S structure LEDs along with diagrams? { DEC-13]
UNIT III
OPTICAL DETECTION DEVICES
Photo detector Thermal detector Photo devices Photo conductors Photo diodes Detector performance.
A) 0mA B) 23 mA C) 13 mA D) 18 mA
69.Electrons in the outermost orbit or shell of an atom are called
A) free electrons B) negative ions C) valence electrons D) conduction band electrons
70.Shunting the ac component away from the load is the task of a:
A) transformer B) filter C) regulator D) rectifier
71.A pn junction allows current flow when
A) the p-type material is more positive than the n-type material B) the n-type material is more
positive than the p-type material C) both the n-type and p-type materials have the same potential D)
there is no potential on the n-type or p-type materials
72..What is the current through the zener diode?
KEY:
63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75
C A B D B D C C B A B A A
PART-B ( 2 MARKS)
76.What is a photodiode?
A photodiode is a reverse biased diode which absorbs light &converts it into charge carriers or electric current
77.What are the properties of photodiodes? { MAY-12]
Every photodiode should have low dark current , wide wavelength response &high quantum efficiency .it should
have low rise time &fast response.
78.What is meant by binary digital modulation?
The analog signal is sampled and binary coded in the form of onesand zeros.
79.State franz keldysh effect.
Franz keldysh effect refers to the absorption of photons having energies less than the bandgap of the
semiconductor by means of applying a strong electric field.
80.SWtate stark effect.
Stark effect refers to the energy shift and corresponding electron tunneling by absorption of photons whose energy
is less then the band gap of the semiconductor by means of applying a strong electric field
81.What are the different factors that determine the response time of photodetector? { MAY-12]
(i) transit time of charge carriers
(ii)diffusion time of charge carriers
(iii) time constant RC of the photo detector circuit.
82.What are the condition for total internal reflection.
(i) Light should travel from denser medium to rarer medium.
(ii)the angle of incidence should be greater then the critical angle of the denser medium.
83.Define V-number of fiber.
V-number of fiber indicates the number of possible propagation modes in the core
UNIT IV
OPTOELECTRONIC MODULATOR
PART-A (1 MARKS)
94.Among the fibers in which fiber the light travels a longer distance for a given fiber length
A)step index single mode fiber B) graded index multimode fiber
C) step index multimode fiber D) graded index fiber
95.Which fiber is preferred for long distance communication
A)step index single mode fiber B) graded index multimode fiber
C) step index multimode fiber D) graded index fiber
96.Among the different modes which is preferred in the optical fiber communication
A)HE10 mode B) LP01 mode
C) LP11 mode D) EH10 mode
97.At which wavelength the silica fiber has minimum loss and dispersion
A)0.85m B) 1.7m
C) 1.1m D) 1.3m
98.At a wavelength 0.8 m which mechanism produces a high optical loss in silica fiber?
A)Rayleigh scattering B) OH absorption
C) ultra violet absorption D) infra red absorption
99.Among the dispersion which has higher magnitude in a silica fiber
A)multimode dispersion B) material dispersion
C) waveguide dispersion D) refractive index profile dispersion
KEY:
94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108
C A B D A A B A D C A C B D D
PART-B (2 MARKS)
UNIT V
OPTOELECTRONIC INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
Introduction Hybrid and monolithic integration Application of opto electronic integrated
circuits Integrated transmitters and receivers Guided wave devices.
PART-A (1 MARK)
126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141
B D C C C A D B A D A B B B D A
PART-B (2 MARKS)
142.What are modulation and demodulation?
Modulation means the mixing process of low frequency signal with the high frequency signal with the high frequency
carrier (laser)by changing the amplitude (or )frequency (or) phase of the carrier in accordance with the amplitude of signal.
Demodulation (or) detection is the extraction of the signal from the modulated carrier.
143.What are the other sources to produce dispersion?
The spectral spread of the light source and improper shaping of refractive index profile create dispersion in the
fibers.
144. What is meant by Isolation? { MAY-13]
(i)Improper grounding of the system is one of the most comm
(ii)measurement problems and noise. Signal conditioners with
(iii)prevent these problems. Such devices pass the signal from
(iv)measurement device without a physical or galvanic connec
(v)transformer,optical of capacitive coupling techniques.
145.What is meant by electrooptic effect? { DEC-13]
Electrooptic effect refers to the change of refractive index of the medium by the applied electric field and hence
modulation of light is obtained.
146.What is pockels effect? { DEC/NOV-12]
The change in refractive index of the medium is directly proportional to the applied field strength.
147. What are the different component of an optical transmitter?
1.encoder or signal snaping circuit 2.modulator or driver circuit,3.optical source
148. What are the different component of an optical receiver?
1.optical detector 2.pre- amplifier,3.variable gain voltage amplifier4.fixed gain amplifier
5.decoder or demodulator.
149.Distinguish between analog storage and digital storage.
In analog storage the signal recorded is a representation of the original signal in digital storage ,the signal is
sampled and each sample is converted into a number through A/Dconverter .these binary numbers are written or recorded.
150.Define optical switching.
Optical switching refers tonthe phenomenon in which transmission of an optical field through a device is switched
among two or more possible states by optical means