erTad vixmauroT bulingis winaaRmdeg

sainformacio broSura
erTad vixmauroT bulingis winaaRmdeg
sainformacio broSura

avtorebi / Authors:
mariam xaWapuriZe / Mariam khachapuridze
ana qaTamaZe / Ana katamadze

mSobelTa sainformacio centri (PIC), 2017

Parent Information Center (PIC), 2017
www.PICGeorgia.com

ydis dizaini / Design: laSa xuciSvili/Lasha Khutsishvili

dakabadoneba / Layout: nana baramiZe / Nana Baramidze

dabeWdilia/ Printed: socialuri Terapiis saxli/APNSC

publikacia momzadda evrokavSiris mier dafinansebuli proeqtis

farglebSi ,,lgbti solidarobis qseli somxeTsa da saqarTveloSi,
romelsac axorcielebs hainrih biolis fondis samxreT kavkasiis
regionuli biuro qalTa iniciativebis mxardamWer jgufTan (WISG)
TanamSromlobiT./The publication was prepared within the frames of the project
,,Solidarity Network for LGBTI in Armenia and Georgia. This project is financially
supported by European Union and is being implemented by The Heinrich Bll Founda-
tion South Caucasus Regional Office in cooperation with Womens Initiatives Supporting
Group (WISG)

winamdebare publikacia momzadda evropis kavSiris daxmarebiT. am

publikaciis Sinaarsze srulad pasuxismgebelia ,,mSobelTa sain-
formacio centri (PIC) da igi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar gamoxatavs
evrokavSiris Sexedulebebs. / The publication is financially supported by Eu-
ropean Union. The content of the publication is responsibility of the Parent Information
Center (PIC) and it does not express any official position of European Union.
 sarCevi

Sesavali..............................................................................5

1.problemis aRwera.........................................................7

2.bulingi da misi ganxorcielebis formebi................13

3.bulingis niSnebi............................................................16

4.bulingis mimarT gansakuTrebiT mowyvladi

bavSvebi............................................................................20

4.1 bulingi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis niSniT........21

4.2 homofobiuri bulingi...............................................24

4.3 bulingi religiuri niSniT.....................................28

5.bulingis Sedegebi.........................................................30

6.bulingis winaaRmdeg brZolis gzebi....................... 32

6.1 rCevebi bavSvebs, romlebic ganicdian bulings..... 33

6.2 rCevebi bulingis mowme bavSvebs.............................34

6.3 rCevebi mSoblebs, rodesac bavSvi ganicdis

bulings.........................................................................35

6.4 rCevebi mSoblebs, rodesac bavSvi axorcielebs

bulings........................................................................38

6.5 rCevebi skolis administracias .............................39

7. vis SeiZleba mivmarToT bulingis SemTxvevaSi?..........43

bibliografia da wyaroebi..............................................45
 Sesavali

ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba yvela bavSvis fun-

damenturi uflebaa, romelic aRiarebulia adg-
ilobrivi da saerTaSoriso kanonmdeblobiT.
zogadi ganaTlebis Tanabari xelmisawvdomobis
uzrunvelyofa, ganaTlebis sferoSi saxelmwifos
valdebulebas warmoadgens.

bavSvebi skolaSi cxovrebis umniSvnelovanes naw-

ils atareben: euflebian ara mxolod akademiur
codnas, aramed viTardebian socialuri Tvalsaz-
risiTac: swavloben sxvadasxva sagnebs da iZenen
gare samyarosTn urTierTobis unarebs. skolaSi
miRebuli gamocdileba mniSvnelovan rols as-
rulebs bavSvis ganviTarebis procesSi, Tumca ram-
denad warmatebuli iqneba es gamocdileba, sxva
faqtorebTan erTad damokidebulia ganaTlebis
sferoSi saxelmwifo politikasa da im garemoze,
romelsac zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebuleba
uqmnis moswavleebs.

Zaladobisgan Tavisufali saswavlo garemo da usa-

frTxoebis standartis dacva skolaSi, saganmanaT-
leblo procesis is mniSvnelovani elementebia,
romlebic zegavlenas axdenen moswavleTa saskolo
cxovrebaze. Tumca, arsebobs problemebi, romelic
yvela skolis dRis wesrigSi dgas. maT ricxvs mie-
kuTvneba Zaladobis sakmaod gavrcelebuli forma
- saskolo bulingi.

5
bulingis qmedebebi moicavs Cagvras, socialur
gariyvas, fizikur da fsiqologiur devnas, gan-
pirobebulia ZalTa uTanasworobiT da mimarTulia
adamianebSi SiSisa da morCilebis gamowvevisken.
erT-erTi stereotipis Tanaxmad bulingi, rogorc
agresiuli qceva, bavSvobis asakisTvis damaxasiaT-
ebeli movlenaa da ,,male gaivlis, Tumca igi Tana-
bar zians ayenebs yvela bavSvs, romelic pirdapir
da iribad aris CarTuli bulingis procesSi. sam-
wuxarod, sazogadoeba xSirad mimReblobas iCens
bavSvebis mxridan agresiisa da Zaladobis gamovle-
nis sxvadasxva formebis mimarT.

winamdebare broSuris mizania mSoblebisTvis, mos-

wavleebisTvis, skolis personalisa da nebismieri
dainteresebuli pirisTvis informaciis miwode-
ba im ZiriTadi sakiTxebis Sesaxeb, romelic gansa-
kuTrebiT mniSvnelovania bulingis SemTxvevebis
identificirebisTvis, bulingis prevenciisa da Se-
sabamisi intervenciis gansaxorcieleblad.

6
 1. problemis aRwera

bulingis maregulirebeli kanonmdebloba saqarT-

veloSi ar arsebobs, Tumca zogadsaganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebaSi Zaladobis aRmofxvra ganaTlebis
sferoSi saxelmwifo politikis miznebis miRwevis
erT-erT gzad aris gansazRvruli. 1

saqarTvelos kanoni ,,zogadi ganaTlebis Sesax-

eb krZalavs skolaSi Zaladobas moswavlis an
nebismieri sxva piris mimarT: ,,fizikuri an/da si-
tyvieri Seuracxyofis SemTxvevaSi skola val-
debulia, dauyovnebliv moaxdinos saTanado re-
agireba saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili
wesiT.2 skola valdebulia ,,daicvas da xeli Seu-
wyos moswavleebs, mSoblebs da maswavleblebs So-
ris Semwynareblobisa da urTierTpativiscemis
damkvidrebas, ganurCevlad maTi socialuri, eTni-
kuri, lingvisturi da msoflmxedvelobrivi kuTv-
nilebisa.~ 3

maswavleblis profesiuli eTikis kodeqsi am mimar-

TulebiT valdebulebebs zogadsaganmanaTleblo
dawesebulebis maswavlebelsac akisrebs. me-4 mux-
lis Tanaxmad, igi ,,iTavsebs moswavlis mrCevlis
funqcias saswavlo procesSi warmoSobili sirTu-
leebis gadasalaxad,~4 ,,ar ayenebs moswavles si-
tyvier an fizikur Seuracxyofas da ar axdens masze

1. ,, , 3 (2, ).
2. . 20 (1).
3. . 13 (6).
4. N 57/
,, .
4 (1).

7
emociur (fsiqologiur) zewolas~5 da ,,saswavlo
procesis ganmavlobaSi zrunavs moswavlis jan-
mrTelobis, piradi usafrTxoebisa da sakuTrebis
dacvaze.~ 6

bulingis winaaRmdeg brZolis procesSi mniSvnelo-

vani funqcia akisria saganmanaTleblo dawese-
bulebis mandaturis samsaxursac, romlis erT-erT
amocanas moswavleTa/studentTa janmrTelobisa da
sicocxlisTvis usafrTxo garemos Seqmna warmoad-
gens. sxva valdebulebebTan erTad, mandaturi uz-
runvelyofs mozardebs Soris mediatoris rolis
Sesrulebas, konfliqturi situaciis gamovlenasa
da mogvarebas,7 Tumca, rogorc adamianis ufle-
bebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centri (EMC)
miuTiTebs, 2015 wels organizaciis mxridan moxda
statistikuri informaciis gamoTxova mandaturis
samsaxuridan, saidanac organizacias ecnoba, rom
,,qmedebisaTvis bulingis kvalifikaciis misace-
mad (radganac savaraudo SemTxvevis arsebobisas is
saWiroebs misi gamomwvevi mizezebisa da specifikis
safuZvlian Seswavlas) mandaturs Sesabamisi kompe-
tencia ar gaaCnia. 8

mniSvnelovania aRiniSnos saqarTvelos mTavro-

bis dadgenileba ,,bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis

5. . 4 (2).
6. . 4 (5).
7. ,, , 483
8. . . .
EMC. . 2016. : https://goo.gl/2RHpim

8
(referirebis) procedurebis damtkicebis Taoba-
ze, sadac saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebas, ro-
gorc referirebis procedurebSi CarTul erT-erT
subieqts9 daevala bavSvze Zaladobis SemTxveve-
bis gamovlena:10 Tuki arsebobs bavSvze Zaladobis
safuZvliani eWvi, saganmanaTleblo dawesebule-
ba valdebulia Seavsos bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvis
baraTi, romelic egzavneba socialuri momsaxure-
bis saagentos Sesabamis teritoriul erTeuls.11

socialuri momsaxurebis saagentos, rogorc meur-

veobisa da mzrunvelobis organos mniSvnelovani
funqcia akisria bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis aRmofx-
vris procesSi, Tumca aRniSnuli dadgenilebiT
gansazRvruli instrumentebis praqtikuli gamoy-
enebis sakiTxi, umeteswilad Tavad skolazea damok-
idebuli. 2012 wels, UNICEF-is mier Catarebulma
kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom bavSvis mimarT Zal-
adobis SemTxvevebze reagirebasTn dakavSirebiT,
skolis personali gadamwyvet faqtorad SemTx-
vevis simZimes da sixSires gansazRvravs12 da ,,iS-
viaTad miiCnevs, rom socialuri muSakebi sakvanZo/
mniSvnelovan rols asruleben da rom maTi Careva
aucilebelia. 13

9. N437,,
() .
5 (1).
10. . 6 (1).
11. . 6 (6).
12. UNICEF. ,, . 2013.
: https://goo.gl/JWziuN
13. .

9
bulingTan dakavSirebuli farTomaStabiani kvle-
va saqarTveloSi ar Catarebula, Tumca arsebobs
kvlevebi, romlebic exeba skolaSi arsebuli Zal-
adobis sakiTxebs. erT-erTi aseTi kvleva Catar-
da gaeros bavSvTa fondis (UNICEF) mier 2007-2008
wlebSi. kvlevam aCvena, rom moswavleTa 47.1%
ganicdida skolaSi fizikur, 47.5% fsiqologi-
ur, xolo 7.3% sqesobriv Zaladobas.14 rogorc
kvlevaSia aRniSnuli, ,,Zaladoba yvelaze xSirad
moswavleebs Soris xorcieldeboda, Tumca skolis
farglebSi fizikur da fsiqologiur ZaladobaSi
ufrosebic SeimCneodnen.15

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi bulingis prob-

lemis aqtualobazea saubari saqarTvelos saxalxo
damcvelis 2016 wlis angariSSic: ,,skolaSi xSiria
moswavlis damcireba, zedmetsaxelis darqmeva,
dacinva, Worebis gavrceleba, gariyva, fizikuri
Seuracxyofa, piradi nivTebis gadamalva an da-
zianeba, kiberbulingi. monitoringis Sedegebidan
irkveva, rom skolis direqciis, iseve, rogorc
pedagogebisTvis da rig SemTxvevaSi, mandature-
bisTvisac, gamowvevad rCeba savaraudo bulingisa
da Zaladobis faqtebis identificireba. isini mos-
wavleTa Soris bulingis SemTxvevebs bavSvur xum-
robad da erTjerad Selaparakebad aRiqvamen.16

14. UNICEF. ,,
. 2007-2008. :
https://goo.gl/XdWchO
15. .
16.
. 2016.
: https://goo.gl/VBuFa7

10
aRniSnuli problemis erT-erT ganmapirobebel
faqtorad, saxalxo damcveli sajaro skolebis
mier ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli regulaciis
codnisa da am mimarTebiT pasuxismgeblobis gaaz-
rebis xarvezebs uTiTebs, romelic maT ,,bavSvTa
dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedure-
bis damtkicebis Sesaxeb dadgenilebis safuZvelze
aqvT damtkicebuli. 17

samwuxarod, saqarTveloSi bulingis problemas sa-

Tanado yuradReba ar eTmoba. ar arsebobs erTiani
saxelmwifo politika, romelic mimarTuli iqnebo-
da bulingis daZlevaze. problemuria im sakanon-
mdeblo aqtebis praqtikuli gamoyenebac, romelic
zogadsaganmanaTleblo sivrceSi bavSvTa mimarT
Zaladobis aRmofxvris instruments warmoadgens.
skolebisTvis SemuSavebuli ar aris meTodologia,
romelic daexmareboda personals bulingis SemTx-
vevebis identificirebasa da bulingis winaaRm-
deg mimarTuli qmemdebebis efeqturad dagegmvaSi.
dabalia mSoblebisa da moswavleebis cnobierebis
donec.

ganaTlebis ufleba ar gulisxmobs xelmisawvdomo-

bas mxolod akademiuri codnis miRebaze. yvela mos-
wavles aqvs ufleba iyos daculi saskolo sivrceSi
da ganaTlebac misTvis usafrTxo garemoSi miiRos.
aqedan gamomdinare, mniSvnelovania rogorc saxel-
mwifo, aseve saskolo doneze SemuSavdes bulingis

17. .

11
daZlevaze mimarTuli erTiani politika da gani-
sazRvros qmediTi RonisZiebebi, romelic uzrun-
velyofs zogadsaganamanTleblo dawesebulebebSi
saswavlo procesis Zaladobisgan Tavisufal gare-
moSi warmarTvis SesaZleblobas.

12
 2. bulingi da
misi ganxorcielebis formebi

bulingis oficialuri ganmarteba ar arsebobs,

Tumca yvelaze metad gavrcelebul definicieb-
Si igi moixsenieba rogorc winaswarganzraxuli
agresiuli qceva, romelic moicavs ZalTa uTanas-
worobas:18 moswavleebi, romlebic axorcieleben
bulings, iyeneben maT fizikur Tu socialur Zalau-
flebas sxvisTvis zianis misayeneblad. 19 bulingis
qceva regularulad xorcieldeba drois garkveul
periodSi, an aqvs mravaljer ganxorcielebis po-
tenciali. 20

bulingis xuTi ZiriTadi forma arsebobs: fizikuri,

verbaluri, socialuri, seqsualuri da kiberbulingi.

fizikuri bulingi moicavs fizikur Tavdasxmasa

da sakuTrebis winaaRmdeg mimarTul qmedebebs: sx-
eulis dazianeba (gansakuTrebiT mZime SemTxvevebSi
sisxlCaqcevebi, dalurjebebi, nakawrebi, motexi-
loba da sxva), xelis kvra, SenobaSi/oTaxSi Caketva,
SefurTxeba, piradi nivTebis (tansacmeli, wignebi,
fuli da a.S.) moparva an ganadgureba.21

verbaluri bulingi moicavs sityvieri Seuracxy-

ofis miyenebas, damamcirebeli komentarebis ga-
keTebas, metsaxelebis darqmevas, dacinvas, rac

18. United Nations General Assembly. ,,Protecting children from bullying. Report of
the Secretary-General. 2016. : https://goo.gl/jKN0rl
19. Bullying Definition. stopbullying.gov. . https://goo.gl/LgWsXG
: 20.03.2017
20. .
21. The Physical Bullying Definition. NOBullying.com. .: https://goo.gl/
UFv2A1 : 20.03.2017

13
SeiZleba ukavSirdebodes adamianis garegnul max-
asiaTeblebs, mis religias, eTnikur kuTvnilebas,
SezRudul SesaZleblobas, genderul identobas,
seqsualur orientacias da a.S. 22

socialuri bulingi gulisxmobs adamianis social-

uri urTierTobebisTvis an reputaciisTvis zianis
miyenebas. misi yvelaze gavrcelebuli formebia:
ignorireba, megobrebis jgufidan gariyva, Worebis
gavrceleba, sxvebisTvis imis Tqma, rom ar imego-
bron msxverplTan, ori adamianis megobrobisTvis
xelis SeSla, saidumloebis gamxela, sajaro Sercx-
vena da a. S. 23

seqsualuri bulingi xorcieldeba rogorc fiziku-

ri, ise verbaluri formiT. seqsualuri bulingis
SemTxvevebs miekuTvneba: seqsualuri xasiaTis ko-
mentarebis gakeTeba, Seuracxmyofeli saxelebis
daZaxeba, arasasurveli Sexeba, seqsualuri Sinaar-
sis suraTebis, videoebis an Worebis gavrceleba
(maT Soris socialuri mediis saSualebiT), sapir-
fareSos kedlebze an sxva sajaro sivrceSi seqsu-
aluri xasiaTis warwerebis gakeTeba, teqsturi
Setyobinebebis gagzavna da a. S. 24

kiberbulingi xorcieldeba Tanamedrove teqnol-

ogiebis: komputeris, mobiluri telefonis, so-
cialuri qselebis, sxvadasxva veb-saitebis gamoy-
enebiT. kiber bulingis SemTxvevebs ganekuTvneba:

22. Verbal bullying. Bullyng.co.uk. . https://goo.gl/DvAWJ3

: 22.03.2017
23. Victoria Stuart-Cassel, Mary Terzian, and Catherine Bradshaw. ,,BULLYING: Cor-
relates, Consequences, and Prevention. 2013. : https://
goo.gl/lxXs1i
24. Sexual Bullying Amongst Todays Youth. NOBullying.com. . https://goo.
gl/NeaV51 : 26.03.2017

14
virtualuri adevneba, damamcirebeli mesijeb-
is an meilebis gagzavna, maTi dapostva social-
ur qselebSi, Seuracxmyofeli suraTebis, video-
ebis, saitebis an yalbi profilis Seqmna da maTi
gavrceleba, konfidencialuri mimoweris gasaja-
roeba, muqaris werilebis gagzavna, damamcirebe-
li veb-saitis/angariSis Seqmna da sxvebisTvis misi
gaziareba komentarebis daweris mizniT, onlain
gamokiTxvebis warmoeba da sxva. kiberbulingTan
gamklaveba bulingis sxva formebisgan gansxvavebiT
gansakuTrebul sirTuleebTan aris dakavSirebu-
li. konkretuli suraTebis Tu videoebis Seqmna,
gagzavna an gavrceleba drois nebismier monakveT-
Si anonimurad aris SesaZlebeli da xSirad SeuZle-
belia rogorc wyaros identificireba, aseve maTi
waSla dapostvis, an farTo auditoriisTvis misi
gagzavnis Semdgom. 25

saskolo bulingi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes moswav-

leebis, maswavleblebis an skolis sxva TanamSrom-
lebis mxridan rogorc skolis SenobaSi (saklaso
oTaxi, bufeti, sapirfareSo, saskolo RonisZiebe-
bi), aseve mis gareT (skolis ezo, saTamaSo moedani,
skolisken mimavali an skolidan momavali gza, on-
lain sivrce da a. S.)26

UNESCO-s monacemebiT, yovelwliurad 246 milioni

bavSvi da mozardi ganicdis saskolo Zaladobisa
da bulingis garkveul formebs. 27

25. What is cyberbullying.stopbullying.gov. . https://goo.gl/Oh5JLw -

: 22.03.2017
26. UNESCO. ,,School Violence and Bullying. Global Status Report. 2017.
: https://goo.gl/8V1Kjx
27. .

15
 3. bulingis niSnebi

mizezebi, ris gamoc bavSvebi TanatolTa mimarT

agresias an/da Zaladobas mimarTaven individualu-
ri, Tumca kompleqsuria. xSirad, isini am gziT gamox-
ataven TavianT sibrazes, imedgacruebas, frustra-
cias, cdiloben garkveuli socialuri statusis
mopovebas.28 bulingis qmedebebi ganpirobebebulia
im kulturuli da socialuri garemoTic, romelic
bavSvis garSemo arsebobs: sazogadoebis mimReblo-
ba Zaladobis mimarT, mediis zegavlena, skolaSi
Seqmnili aratolerantuli garemo, aRzrdasTan
dakavSirebuli faqtorebi da sxva.

mniSvnelovania vicodeT, rom bulingi Tanabrad

aris yvelas problema, romelic masSi pirdapir
an iribad aris CarTuli. bavSvs, romelic axor-
cielebs bulings iseve esaWiroeba yuradReba da
saWiroebisamebr Sesabamisi daxmarebis aRmoCena,
rogorc bulingis msxverpl bavSvs.

bavSvi, romelic axorcielebs bulings, umetes

SemTxvevaSi: 29

gamoxatavs dadebiT damokidebulebas Zalado-

bis mimarT mis nawerebSi, naxatebSi an saubarSi;

agresiulia Tanatolebis, mSoblebis, maswav-

leblebis an sxva zrdasrulebis mimarT;

28. United Nations General Assembly. ,,Protecting children from bullying. Report of
the Secretary-General. 2016.
29. : ,,Signs Your
Child Be Bully Teep Sheet. stomppitbullying.org . : https://goo.
gl/l7dTkr; ,,Signs for Bullying. stopbullying.gov. .: https://goo.gl/
HB8Q5F : 27.03.2017

16
 aqvs adamianebze an garkveul situaciebze kon-
trolis damyarebis moTxovnileba, xSirad ma-
nipulirebs sxvebiT;

aris impulsuri da advilad feTqebadi;

xSirad arRvevs skolaSi dadgenil wesebs;

naklebad gamoxatavs TanagrZnobas sxvebis

mimarT;

Tavs aridebs pasuxismgeblobas da uaryofs Cad-

enil qmedebebs;

adanaSaulebs msxverpls an ambobs, rom man es

daimsaxura;

megobrobs bavSvebTan, romlebic axorcieleben

bulings;

moulodnelad uCndeba damatebiTi fuli an ax-

ali nivTebi;

gadametebulad zrunavs sakuTar reputaciasa

da popularobaze.

es niSnebi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa

ar iZleodes bulingSi CarTuli bavSvis identifi-
cirebis saSualebas, amitom aucilebelia saxeze
iyos ramdenime niSani mainc.

bulingis qmedebaSi CarTulobas SesaZloa gansaz-

Rvravdes SiSis faqtoric. bavSvebis nawili Tv-
lis, rom Tu isini ar SeuerTdebian bulingis gan-
maxorcielebel moswavleebs, isinic aRmoCndebian

17
bulingis obieqtebi. zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki mos-
wavle, romelic ganicdis bulings da moklebulia
misTvis winaaRmdegobis gawevis SesaZleblobas,
mogvianebiT Tavad mimarTavs agresiul qmedebebs
asakiT umcros, an SedarebiT susti bavSvebis mimarT.

bavSvi, romelic ganicdis bulings, umetes

SemTxvevaSi: 30

Tavs aridebs skolas da saskolo RonisZiebebs,

xSirad eZebebs mizezebs skolaSi wasvlis Tav-
idan asacileblad;

moulodnelad uaresdeba misi akademiuri mos-

wreba, kargavs interesess sagakveTilo proce-
sisa da saskolo RonisZiebebis mimarT;

aqvs auxsneli dazianebebi sxeulze (nakawrebi,

sisxlCaqcevebi, iarebi da a.S.);

saxlSi dabrunebisas dazianebulia an dakar-

gulia misi tansacmeli, wignebi, teqnikuri
mowyobilobebi, samkaulebi an fuli;

awuxebs gamudmebuli Tavis an kuWis tkivili an

cruobs avadmyofobis Sesaxeb;

30. : ,,Signs Your Child

Is Being Bullied - Tip Sheet. stompoutbullying.org. . : https://goo.gl/
JC7quM;,,Warning Signs for Bullying. stopbullying.gov. .: https://goo.
gl/HB8Q5F : 27.03.2017

18
 icvlis kvebasTan da ZilTan dakavSirebul
Cvevebs;

Tavs aridebs socialur urTierTobebs, wyvets

komunikacias megobrebTan;

aqvs iseTi TviTdestruqciuli qcevebi rogori-

caa: saxlidan gaqceva, sakuTari TavisTvis zian-
is miyeneba, saubrebi TviTmkvlelobis Sesaxeb;

yavs ramodenime megobari visTanac dros at-

arebs, an saerTod ar yavs isini;

es niSnebi erTmaneTisgan damoukideblad SesaZloa

ar iZleodes bulingis msxverpli bavSvis identi-
ficirebis saSualebas, amitom aucilebelia saxeze
iyos ramdenime niSani mainc.

19
 4. bulingis mimarT
gansakuTrebiT mowyvladi bavSvebi

bulingi SeiZleba nebismierma ganicados, Tumca

moswavleebi, romlebic gansakuTrebiT mowyvlad
jgufebs ganekuTvnebian (vinc ganicdis diskrimina-
cias, aris marginalizebuli da socialurad gariyu-
li) bulingis ganxorcielebis ufro maRali riskis
qveS imyofebian. 31

publikaciaze momuSave pirebma gadavwyviteT yur-

adReba gagvemaxvilebina bulingze, romelic Sez-
Ruduli SesaZleblobis, seqsualuri orientaciis/
genderuli identobisa da religiuri niSniT xor-
cieldeba. Tumca publikaciis ZiriTadi nawilis ga-
moyeneba SesaZlebelia nebismieri niSniT bulingis
dros. bavSvebi da mozardebi, romlebic am jgufebs
ganekuTvnebian, dRevandel saqarTveloSi gansa-
kuTrebuli gamowvevebis winaSe dganan. erTi mxriv,
es ukavSirdeba maT uflebriv mdgomareobas, xolo
meore mxriv, sazogadoebaSi arsebul stereotip-
ul da winaswarganwyobebze damyarebul Sexedule-
bebs, rac maT mimarT diskriminaciul mopyrobas da
xSir SemTxvevaSi Zaladobas ganapirobebs.

31. United Nations General Assembly . ,,Protecting children from bullying. Report of
the Secretary-General.2016.

20
4.1 bulingi SezRuduli SesaZleblobis niSniT

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebi, ro-

melTac gaaCniaT xangrZlivi fizikuri, mentalu-
ri, inteleqtualuri an sensoruli darRvevebi,
rac sxvadasxva dabrkolebebTan urTierTqmedebi-
sas SeiZleba xels uSlides maT srul da efeqtur
monawileobas sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi sxvebis
Tanasworad, iseve rogorc bavSvebi specialuri
saganmanaTleblo saWiroebiT, bulingis ganxor-
cielebis maRali riskis qveS imyofebian.

SezRuduli SesaZleblobis niSniT ganxorciele-

bul bulingze Catarebuli kvlevebis Tanaxmad: 32

1. bulingis ganxorcielebis safrTxe matulobs, Tu

moswavles aqvs yuradRebis deficitisa da hiper-
aqtivobis sindromi, an daqveiTebuli aqvs swavlis
unari;

2. 8-17 wlis bavSvebSi Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena,

rom autist bavSvebze ganxorcielebuli bulingis
maCvenebeli samjer aRemateboda sxva bavSvebis maC-
nebels;

3. Tanatolebi xSirad axorcieleben bulings bavSve-

bze, romelTa samedicino diagnozic garkveul-
wilad gamoxatulia garegnuli niSnebiT (kunTo-

32. Bullying Among Children and Youth with Disabilities and Special Needs, Tip sheet.
stopbullying.gov. : https://goo.gl/D1vvpN
: 29.03.2017

21
vani distrofia, cereblaruli dambla, spinaluri
amiotrofia). bulingis forma yvelaze xSirad aris
saxelebis daZaxeba, romelic maT garegnul maxasi-
aTeblebTan aris dakavSirebuli;

4. bulingis mizezi xSirad xdeba moswavleebis Warb-

wonianobac. amerikaSi Catarebulma kvlevam aCvena,
rom Warbwonian moswavleebze ufro xSirad xor-
cieldeba verbaluri bulingi im moswavleebTan
SedarebiT, romelTac wonis problema ar gaaCniaT.
bulingi xorcieldeba im moswavleebzec, visac wo-
nis deficitis probleba awuxebs, gogonebis SemTx-
vevaSi es ukavSirdeba socialuri, xolo biWebisT-
vis fizikuri bulingis SemTxvevebs;

5. bulingi xSirad xorcieldeba bavSvebze, ro-

melTac aqvT hemiplegiis (sxeulis erTi nawilis
paralizeba, naxevardambla) diagnozi, an aqvT di-
abeti da damokidebulebi arian insulinze. igive
exeba bavSvebs, romelTac aReniSnebaT metyvelebis
ganviTarebis Seferxeba.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis ,,SezRuduli

SesaZleblobebis mqone pirTa uflebebis konvenci-
is (UN CRPD) 24-e muxli avaldebulebs wevr saxel-
mwifoebs, yvela safexurze danergon ganaTlebis
inkluziuri sistema da mTeli cxovrebis manZil-
ze ganaTlebis miRebis SesaZlebloba SezRudu-
li SesaZleblobis mqone pirebisTvis ganaTlebis
uflebis uzrunvelsayofad, diskriminaciis gareSe
da sxvebTan Tanasworobis safuZvelze. ganaTlebis

22
inkluziuri sistema, romlis mniSvnelobac xaz-
gasmulia konvenciaSi, bulingis winaaRmdeg brZo-
laSi gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs. SezRuduli
SesaZleblobebis da specialuri saganmanaTleb-
lo saWiroebis mqone bavSvebisTvis Tanatolebi-
sgan izolacia erT-erTi ZiriTadi risk-faqtoria
bulingis qcevis ganxorcielebisTvis. inkluzi-
is procesi amcirebs SezRuduli SesaZleblobis
niSniT bulingis risks, radgan uzrunvelyofs Sez-
Ruduli SesaZleblobis mqone bavSvebis akademiur
da socialur CarTulobas saskolo cxovrebaSi.33

inkluziuri ganaTlebis ganviTarebis mimar-

TulebiT saqarTvelom mniSvnelovani nabijebi ga-
dadga, Tumca SezRuduli SesaZleblobebisa da
specialuri saganmanaTleblo saWiroebis mqone
bavSvebi, dResac araerTi gamowvevis winaSe dganan,
rac pirvel rigSi stereotipebisgan Tavisufali,
mimRebluri da tolerantuli saskolo garemos Se-
qmnas ukavSirdeba.

33. National Disability Authority. ,,Preventing school bullying of children with Special
Educational Needs or Disability. Executive Summary. 2014.
: https://goo.gl/4p3iHC

23
4.2 homofobiuri bulingi

homofobiuri bulingi aris bulingi seqsualu-

ri orientaciisa da genderuli identobis (sogi)
niSniT. homofobiuri bulingi xorcieldeba im
mozardebze, romlebic miekuTvnebian lgbti (les-
boseli, gei, biseqsuluri, transgenderi, interse-
qsi) Tems, an stereotipulad aRiqmebian rogorc
Temis wevrebi. biWebTan mimarTebiT es SeiZleba gan-
pirobebuli iyos feminuri, xolo gogonebis SemTx-
vevaSi maskulinuri qceviT an Cacmis stiliT. ase-
Ti bavSvebis bulingis riski izrdeba, radgan maTi
qceva ar Seesabameba sazogadoebaSi gabatonebul
warmodgenebs ,,mamakacurobisa da ,,qalurobis
Sesaxeb.

homofobiuri bulingi SeiZleba ganxorcieldes im

mozardebzec, romelTac yavT lgbti ojaxis wevri/
megobari, an Riad gamoxataven mxardaWeras lgb-
ti Temis mimarT. 2015 wels, ana subelianis mier
Catarebuli kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda, rom
,,mozardebi homofobiuri Sinaarsis mqone epi-
Tetebs im Tanatolebis mimarTac iyeneben, romelTa
heteroseqsualobaSi eWvi arc eparebaT, Tumca sxva
mizezis gamo surT, maT maqsimalurad uaryofiTi
Sinaarsis mqone iarliyebi miakran. 34

saqarTveloSi araerTi genderuli stereotipi ar-

sebobs. sazogadoeba xSirad stereotipulad gan-
sazRvravs Tu ra Tvisebebs unda atarebdes adami-

34. ,, . 17maisi.com. 2015. .

https://goo.gl/3zRv2P : 01.04.2017

24
ani misi sqesidan gamomdinare, rogori unda iyos
misi garegnoba, qcevebi, funqciebi da rolebi soci-
umSi. homofobiuri bulingi SeiZleba nebismier mo-
zardze ganxorcieldes, vinc dawesebul da nor-
mad qceul standartebSi ar jdeba.

sxvadasxva qveynebSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena,

rom axalgazrdebi homofobiur bulings skola-
Si ufro xSirad ganicdian vidre saxlSi an saja-
ro TavSeyris adgilebSi.35 sogis niSniT bulingi
SeiZleba moicavdes damamcirebeli metsaxelebis
daZaxebas, dacinvas, kiberbulings, izolacias,
Worebis gavrcelebas, verbaluri da fizikuri
agresiis gamoxatvas, maT Soris: iaraRiT muqara,
sicocxlisTvis da janmrTelobisTvis safrTxis
Semcveli qcevebi, seqsualuri xasiaTis Zalmomre-
obiTi qmedebebi. moswavleebi, romlebic ganicdian
homofobiur bulings ufro metad arian midrekil-
ni TviTdazianebisa da suicidisken, ufro xSirad
moixmaren alkoholsa da narkotikebs, aqvT dabali
akademiuri moswreba da metad erTvebian riskis
Semcvel seqsualur qcevaSi. gansakuTrebiT maRa-
lia homofobiuri bulingis gamo skolis datove-
bis maCvenebeli.

homofobiur bulings xSirad maswavleblebi da sko-

lis sxva TanamSromlebic axorcieleben. irland-
iaSi Catarebuli kvlevis farglebSi gamovlinda,
rom moswavleTa 34% iRebda maswavleblebisgan
homofobiuri Sinaarsis komentarebs.36 maswavleb-

35. UNESCO. ,,Education Sector Responses to Homophobic Bullying. 2012.

: https://goo.gl/eA4hQ
36. .

25
lis mxridan msgavsi qmedebebis ganxorcieleba
ewinaaRmdegeba ara mxolod pedagogiuri eTikis
normebs, aramed warmoadgens ganaTlebis uflebis
realizebis xelSemSlel faqtors, rac SesaZloa
gamovlindes saganmanaTleblo procesSi moswav-
lis izolaciiT, gamorCeviT, bulingis faqtebis
ignorirebiT da garkveul SemTxvevebSi misi waxal-
isebiTac ki.

,,mSobelTa sainformacio centris~ veb-gverdze

ganTavsebuli blogis avtoris gancxadebiT, quTai-
sis erT-erT skolaSi maswavlebelma homofobiur
niadagze mouwoda moswavleebs agresiulad moq-
ceodnen maT Tanaklasels, rac moswavleTa nawilis
mier gamoxatuli protestis Sedegad, maswavleb-
lis skolidan gaTavisuflebiT dasrulda.37 sam-
wuxarod, aseTi SemTxvevebi iSviaT gamonakliss
warmoadgens. moswavleebs, garda imisa rom ar
aqvT informacia ganxorcielebuli Zaladobisgan
Tavdacvis gzebis Sesaxeb, SesaZloa maTi seqsual-
uri orientaciis an genderuli identobis Sesaxeb
informacias gamJRavnebisac eSinodeT, rac kidev
ufro arTulebs homofobiuri bulingis faqtebis
identificirebas. sogis niSniT bulingi, iseve ro-
gorc sxva niSniT bulingi xSirad reagirebis ga-
reSe rCeba.

jokiakartas principebis Tanaxmad, romelic lgbti

37. ,, . picgeorgia.com.
: https://goo.gl/JfdqGy

26
adamianebis uflebebis dacvis mizniT Seiqmna, ,,yve-
la adamians aqvs ganaTlebis miRebis ufleba seqsua-
luri orientaciis an genderuli identobis niSniT
diskriminaciis gareSe (me-16 principi), iseve ro-
gorc ,,gaaCnia piradi xelSeuxeblobis, masze SesaZ-
lo Zaladobis, sxeulis dazianebisgan dacvis ufle-
ba, rogorc saxelmwifo moxeleTa, aseve nebismier
pirTa an pirTa jgufis mxridan (me-5 principi).

27
4.3 bulingi religiuri niSniT

religiuri bulingis erT-erT ganmapirobebel

faqtors bavSvebis umravlesobisgan gansxvavebuli
religiuri mikuTvnebuloba warmoadgens, rac Sei-
Zleba gamoixatebodes skolaSi gansxvavebuli re-
ligiuri nivTebis/tansacmlis tarebiT, ZiriTadi
religiuri jgufisTvis damaxasiaTebel RonisZie-
bebSi an ritualebSi monawileobaze uaris TqmiT
da a. S.

umetes SemTxvevaSi religiuri niSniT bulingi

dominanti religiuri jgufis warmomadgenel-
Ta mxridan xorcieldeba, rac xSirad aris gan-
pirobebuli fundamentaluri SexedulebebiT. mos-
wavle, romelic axorcielebs religiur bulings
SeiZleba cdilobdes misi ,,urwmuno Tanatolis
,,gamosworebas. 38

2008 wels, did britaneTSi Catarda kvleva, rome-

lic mxolod religiur bulingze iyo fokusire-
buli. kvlevis Sedegebma aCvena, rom yoveli meoTxe
moswavle iyo bulingis msxverpli misi rwmenis,
an religiuri simbolos tarebis gamo.39 erT-erT
qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevis Tanaxmad, religiu-
ri bulingi xSirad maswavleblebis mxridanac rea-
girebis gareSe rCeba.40

38. Ronald E Riggio Ph.D. ,,Religious Bullying in Schools: Bullying in the Name of
God. psychologytoday.com. posted Aug 28,2012. :
https://goo.gl/5B1gUp : 02.04.2017
39. Dupper, D. R., Forrest-Bank, S., & Lowry-Carusillo, A. ,,Experiences of religious
minorities in public school settings: Findings from focus groups involving Muslim,
Jewish, Catholic, and Unitarian Universalist youths. Children & Schools 2015.
40. .

28
saxalxo damcvelis 2015 wlis angariSis Tanaxmad
moswavleebi, romlebic mikuTvnebulebi arian re-
ligiur umciresobebs xSirad xdebian diskrim-
inaciuli mopyrobis msxverplni: ,,moswavleebi,
romelTa rwmenas arsebiTad ewinaaRmdegeba sxva
religiis ritualebSi monawileoba, xSirad iZu-
lebulni xdebian ar gaamJRavnon aRmsarebloba da
nebis winaaRmdeg Caeban msgavs RonisZiebebSi im mo-
tivaciiT, rom amiT umravlesobisgan ufro met
gariyvasa da diskriminacias airideben Tavidan.~ 41

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis bavSvis ufle-

baTa dacvis konvenciis me-14 muxliT daculia
bavSvis azris, sindisis da religiuri rwmenis Ta-
visufleba. moswavleebi, romlebic miekuTvnebian
religiur umciresobebs, sxvebTan Tanasworad unda
sargeblobdnen ganaTlebis miRebis uflebiT gare-
moSi, romelic Tavisufali iqneba diskriminaciisa
da religiuri niSniT Zaladobisagan.

41.
. 2015.

29
5. bulingis Sedegebi

bulingi zians ayenebs masSi CarTuli bavSvebis

fizikur da mentalur janmrTelobas da uaryof-
iTad aisaxeba maTi cxovrebis xarisxze.

bavSvebi, romlebic axorcieleben bulings42 imyofe-

bian skolis miRma darCenis, antisocialur an dan-
aSaulebriv qmedebebSi Cabmis maRali riskis qveS.
mozardobis periodSi isini ufro xSirad moixmar-
en Tambaqos, alkohols da narkotikul saSuale-
bebs, adreul asakSi iwyeben seqsualur cxovrebas.
bavSvebi, romlebic axorcieleben bulings sko-
laSi, samomavlod agresiul qmedebebs mimarTaven
maTi romantiuli partniorebis an ojaxis wevrebis
mimarTac.

bavSvebs, romlebic ganicdian bulings43 xangrZlivi

drois ganmavlobaSi awuxebT depresia, SfoTva,
mudmivi SiSi, aqvT martosulobis gancda, uaryof-
iTad icvlian ZilTan da kvebasTan dakavSirebul
Cvevebs, kargaven interess saskolo cxovrebis
mimarT, mcirdeba maTi akademiuri moswreba, eqmne-
baT fsiqikur janmrTelobasTan dakavSirebuli
specifikuri problemebi, imyofebian suicidis
maRali riskis qveS.

bulingis mowme bavSvebs, romlebic floben infor-

macias bulingis faqtebis Sesaxeb an nebismieri
formiT arian CarTulebi procesSi, xSirad aqvT si-

42. Effects of Bullying. stopbullying.gov. . : https://goo.gl/l9B8cW

: 17.03.2017
43. .

30
brazis, dauxmareblobis da danaSaulis grZnoba umo-
qmedobis gamo, awuxebT Ramis koSmarebi, aqvT SiSi
skolis konkretuli adgilebis mimarT.44 maT SemTx-
vevaSi izrdeba fsiqikuri janmrTelobis probleme-
bis (maT Soris depresia, SfoTva da sxva), Tambaqos,
alkoholisa da sxva narkotikuli saSualebebis mox-
marebis riski.45

44. UNICEF. STOP VIOLENCE IN SCHOOLS! THE SCOPE AND IMPACT OF BUL-
LYING, FACT SHEET. 2017. : https://goo.gl/fFNrfq
45. Effects of Bullying. stopbullying.gov. . https://goo.gl/MO6JG9
: 06.04.2017

31
 6. bulingis winaaRmdeg
brZolis gzebi

6.1 rCevebi bavSvebs, romlebic ganicdian bulings46

1. daimaxsovreT, rom bulingi ar aris Tqveni bra-

li, aravin imsaxurebs aseT mopyrobas;

2. daelaparakeT maT, visac endobiT - mSobels, mas-

wavlebels, megobars. uTxariT, Tu ramdenad mniS-
vnelovania es TqvenTvis. ufrosebs SeuZliaT Tqve-
ni daxmareba;

3. moerideT problemur adgilebs, sadac xSirad

xorcieldeba bulingi da SeiZleba aRmoCndeT mego-
brebis, an maswavleblebis garemocvis gareSe;

4. arasdros upasuxoT bulings CxubiT da fizikuri

dapirispirebiT. agresia gamosavali ar aris, aman
SeiZleba meti problema SegiqmnaT;

5. ar gamoexmauroT onlain sivrceSi ganxorciele-

bul bulings. waSaleT Sesabamisi angariSebi,
SeqmeniT sqrin Sotebi, romelic daadasturebs
bulingis faqts da aCveneT isini mSoblebs, maswav-
lebelebs an sxva ufrosebs, vinc SeZlebs Tqvens
daxmarebas; SegiZliaT faqtis Sesaxeb ganacxadoT
kokretuli saitis administraciasTan (magaliTad,
mimarToT Facebook-s postis waSlis moTxovniT);

6. bulingis SiSis gamo ar gaacdinoT skola da Tavi

46. Bullying: What To Do If Im Bullied .Mental Health America. . https://

goo.gl/b7nC3n : 07.04.2017

32
ar aaridoT megobrebs an saskolo RonisZiebebs.
Tqven gaqvT ufleba igrZnoT Tavi usafrTxod da
daculad, miiRoT aqtiuri monawileoba sasko-
lo cxovrebaSi da gqondeT urTierToba im adami-
anebTan, visTanac Tavs komfortulad grZnobT;

7. daimaxsovreT, rom sakuTari TavisTvis zianis

miyeneba gamosavali ar aris. Tuki grZnob, rom us-
afrTxod ar xar, yovelTvis SegiZlia daxmarebisT-
vis im adamianebs mimarTo, visac endobi.

33
6.2 rCevebi bulingis mowme bavSvebs47

miuxedavad imisa, icnobT Tu ara bavSvs, romelic axo-

rcielebs an romelzec xorcieldeba bulingi, Tqven
SegiZliaT SeaCeroT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis
nebismieri forma:

1. naTlad daanaxeT Tqven megobrebs, rom monawil-

eobas ar miiRebT bulingis procesSi. daimaxosvreT,
rom yurebiT, siciliT da umoqmedobiT Tqven waaxal-
isebT bulingis qcevas;

2. mxari dauWireT mas, vinc ganicdis bulings. msgavs

situaciaSi bavSvebs gansakuTrebiT WirdebaT mego-
bris mxardaWera. waaxaliseT igi, momxdarze daelapa-
rakos im ufross, visac endoba. agrZnobineT, rom is
marto ar aris;

3. daimaxsovreT, rom daxmareba esaWiroeba rogorc

bavSvs, romelic ganicdis bulings, aseve im moswavle-
sac, romelic mas axorcielebs. Tu xarT bulingis
faqtebis mowme, an flobT informacias bulingis ganx-
orcielebis Sesaxeb, aucileblad mimarTeT ufro-
sebs, visac endobiT. es SeiZleba iyos mSobeli, maswav-
lebeli, direqtori, mandaturi, skolis fsiqologi
da nebismieri sxva piri, visac SeuZlia TqvenTvis saW-
iro daxmarebis aRmoCena. bulingis Sesaxeb infor-
maciis gavrceleba sircxvili ar aris, radgan Tqven
adamians exmarebiT;

4. daelaparakeT ufrosebs maSinac, Tuki ubralod

eWvi gaqvT bulingis ganxorcielebis Sesaxeb;

5. ar gamoexmauroT bulingis SemTxvevebs (fotoebs,

videoebs, postebs) romelic xorcieldeba onlain
sivrceSi. mimarTeT saitis administracias postis
waSlis moTxovniT.
47. Australian Human Rights Commission. ,,What you can do to stop bullies- Be a sup-
portive bystander: Violence, Harassment and Bullying Fact sheet. 2011. .
https://goo.gl/VZKvYZ : 07.04.2017

34
6.3 rCevebi mSoblebs, rodesac bavSvi ganicdis
bulings48

1. bavSvi, romelic ganicdis bulings, iSviaTad

laparakobs momxdarze. Tuki Sesabamisi niSnebis ar-
sebobis SemTxvevaSi CaTvliT, rom arsebobs Tundac
mcire albaToba imisa, rom SeiZleba Tqveni Svili
ganicdides bulings, pirvel rigSi daelaparakeT
mas. mniSvnelovania iyoT momTmeni da kargi msmene-
li. bavSvs daanaxeT, rom TqvenTvis misi grZnobebi
mniSvnelovania;

2. Tuki bavSvma Tavad gadawyvita momxdarze Tqven-

Tan laparaki, ar mianiSnoT, rom SeiZleba bulingis
mizezi Tavad yofiliyo. magaliTad, ar SeekiTxoT,
Tu riT daimsaxura aseTi moqceva. mniSvnelovania
ar uTxraT, rom ignori gauwios mis mimarT ganxor-
cielebul qmedebebs, es mxolod aswavlis mas, rom
bulingi SeiZleba iyos gamarTlebuli, an daSvebu-
li da ara Sewyvetili, rac zrdis bulingis gagr-
Zelebis safrTxes, maT Soris ufro mZime formebiT;

3. SeagroveT detaluri informacia momxdarTan da-

kavSirebiT: TariRi, adgili, dro, ganxorcielebu-
li qmedebebi, ganxorcielebis sistematiuroba, vin
Seeswro faqts, ra Sedegebi gamoiwvia momxdarma
Tqveni SvilisTvis da a. S.

48. :
-What you can do. Parents. stopbullying.gov. . https://goo.gl/Rkxn5t
-What to do if your child is bullied. bulluing.co.uk. . https://goo.gl/ew9p9Y
-My Child is Being Bullied What Should I Do? Elisabeth Wilkins. empoweringpar
ents.com. . : https://goo.gl/kgRX0M
-Bullying Among Children and Youth with Disabilities and Special Needs. stopbul-
lying.gov. .: https://goo.gl/FZkjJh : 10.04.2017

35
4. SeuTanxmdiT Sexvedraze damrigebels/ skolis
direqtors da miawodeT maT Tqvens mier Segrove-
buli informacia. moerideT skolis an maswavleb-
lis momxdarSi dadanaSaulebas. auxseniT, rom
Tqven maTi daxmareba gWirdebaT. Tu faqts Seeswro
romelime maswavlebeli, Tumca ar qonia momxdarze
saTanado reagireba, SeatyobineT amis Sesaxeb sko-
lis direqtors. iyaviT momTmeni, mieciT saSuale-
ba skolas aRmofxvras problema, Tumca CarTuli
iyaviT procesSi nebismier etapze da aCveneT admin-
istracias Tqveni mzaoba, rom aqtiurad miiRebT
monawileobas problemis gadaWraSi.

5. ar aiRoT situaciis mogvareba mxolod Tqven

Tavze. SeekiTxeT Tqvens Svils, Tu ra reagirebis
ganxorcieleba surs mas Tqvengan. magaliTad, Tu
gadawyvetT skolaSi misvlas da im bavSvTn dapirisp-
irebas, romelic axorcielebs bulings, an Tqven
Svils aiZulebT masTan/mis mSoblebTan Sexvedras,
SeiZleba mdgomareoba garTuldes da Tqveni Svili
aRar dagelaparakoT;

6. masTan erTad imsjeleT problemis mogvarebis

gzebze. waaxaliseT Tavad gamoTqvas mosazrebebi,
Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes arasasurveli qmedebis
Tavidan asacileblad, Semdeg erToblivad gansaz-
RvreT konkretuli Sedegebi. mniSvnelovania mas
qondes grZnoba, rom Tavad wyvets am problemas;

36
7. daarwmuneT Tqveni Svili, rom es ar aris misi
brali. bulingTan dakavSirebuli stereoti-
pebidan gamomdinare, dRes araerTi idanaSaulebs
momxdarSi Tavs. auxseniT mas, rom bulingi ar aris
ganpirobebuli bavSvebis sisustiT an siZlieriT;

8. ar waaxalisoT bavSvi Tavdacvis Zaladobriv

meTodebze. es ver daexmareba mas problemis gad-
aWraSi. iqedan gamomdinare, rom bavSvebi, romlebic
ganicdian bulings naklebad Tavdajerebulebi ar-
ian, SesaZlebelia problemis am gziT mogvarebis
mcdelobam ufro metad gaarTulos bavSvis mdgo-
mareoba;

9. Tuki bulingi xorcieldeba sagakveTilo proces-

Si an mis Semdeg, ecadeT Tavad (an bavSvis aRzrdaSi
CarTulma nebismierma pirma) waiyvanoT bavSvi sko-
laSi da wamoiyvanoT misi damTavrebis Semdgom;

10. Tu Tqveni Svili sargeblobs individualuri

saswavlo gegmiT, sTxoveT skolas individualur
saswavlo gegmaze momuSave gundis Sekreba. aux-
seniT maT problemis arsi da erToblivad ganix-
ileT misi gadaWris gzebi.

11. Tu Tqveni Svilis mimarT ganxorcielebuli

qmedeba moicavs danaSaulis niSnebs (fizikuri Zal-
adoba, muqara, gamoZalva da sxva) mimarTeT samarT-
aldamcav organoebs.

37
6.4 rCevebi mSoblebs, rodesac bavSvi axorcielebs
bulings49

1. moekideT bulingis problemas seriozulad.

bulingi ar aris mxolod bavSvobis periodisTvis
damaxasiaTebeli movlena, romelic ,,male gaivlis;

2. aswavleT bavSvs problemis araZaladobrivi

meTodebis gamoyenebiT mogvareba, aucileblad Sea-
qeT minimaluri warmatebis SemTxvevaSic ki;

3. daelaparakeT Tqven Svils, ecadeT gaarkvioT Tu

ra mizeziT axorcielebs igi bulings. iyaviT kar-
gi msmeneli da Tavi aarideT mis dadanaSaulebas.
daelaparakeT mas imis Sesaxeb Tu ras igrZnobda Ta-
vad rom iyos bulingis msxverpli;

4. xeli SeuwyeT bavSvSi empaTiis unaris ganviTare-

bas. waaxaliseT Tqveni Svili daexmaros maT, visac
es gansakuTrebiT sWirdeba;

5. moerideT konfliqtis gadaWris dros agresi-

uli meTodebis gamoyenebas, es zrdis imis albaTo-
bas, rom isic imave gzebs mimarTavs konfliqtur
situaciebSi;

6. iTanamSromleT skolasTan Tqveni Svilis winaSe

arsebuli problemebis aRmofxvris mizniT.

49. : Mary L. Pulido,

Ph.D. ,,My Child is the Bully: Tips for Parents. Huffingtonpost.com. updated Jun
19. 2012. . : https://goo.gl/UuUhwx ,,What To Do If Your Child
Is A Bully. Stompoutbullying.org. .: https://goo.gl/KGcdf1 .
: 13.04.2017

38
6.5 rCevebi skolis administracias 50

skolaSi miRebul gamocdilebas bavSvebis social-

izaciis procesSi mniSvnelovani funqcia akis-
ria. aq moiazreba rogorc sagakveTilo procesi,
ise urTierToba skolis administracias, maswav-
leblebs, moswavleebs, mSoblebsa da skolis sxva
personals Soris. RonisZiebebi, romelic bulingis
winaaRmdeg SeiZleba iqnas gatarebuli sakmaod
mravalferovania, Tumca arsebobs sakiTxebi, rome-
lic Tanabrad aqtualuria yvela skolisTvis.

1. bulingis sawinaaRmdego politika: skolam unda

gansazRvros bulingis daZleva ganaTlebis poli-
tikis erT-erT mniSvnelovan mimarTulad. bulingis
sawinaaRmdego programis SemuSaveba da misi CarT-
va saswavlo gegmebSi, bulingis Sesaxeb mimarTvia-
nobis/bulingis faqtebis gamoZiebis sistemis Seqm-
na da informaciis gavrcelebis gazrda aRniSnuli
politikis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi unda gaxdes.
am procesSi unda CaerTos sagakveTilo procesSi
pirdapir an iribad monawile yvela piri: skolis
direqtori, administracia, TanamSromlebi, mos-
wavleebi, mSoblebi da skolis sxva personali. maTi
monawileobiT unda moxdes bulingis sawinaaRmde-
go politikis ganviTareba, implementacia da mon-

50. ; Andrea Cohn & Andrea Can-

ter, Ph.d. ,,Bullying: facts for Schoold and Parents. NCSP National Association of
School Psychologists. 2003. . https://goo.gl/vr4Jm6 :
16.04.2017

39
itoringi. aRniSnuli politika unda moicavdes
moqmedebis gegmas moswavlisTvis, romelzec xor-
cieldeba bulingi an vinc aris misi mowme, raTa maT
icodnen, Tu vis SeuZliaT mimarTon dasaxmareblad.

2. adreuli intervencia: adreuli intervencia

gulisxmobs bavSvebis farTo jgufisTvis social-
uri unar-Cvevebis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobas da
muSaobas bavSvebTan, vinc avlens bulingis subieq-
tis an obieqtis qcevas. skolebSi adreuli inter-
venciis programebis SerCevis, ganxorcielebis da
SefasebisTvis saWiro konpetencia gaaCniaT skolis
fsiqologebs da fsiqikuri janmrTelobis dacvis
sferoSi momuSave specialistebs.

3. mSoblebTan TanamSromloba: mSoblis CarTulo-

ba bulingis winaaRmdeg brZolis procesSi mniS-
vnelovan rols TamaSobs. mSobels SeuZlia moax-
dinos bulingis SemTxvevis identificireba da
ganaxorcielos Sesabamisi Careva bulingis qcevis
aRmofxvris mizniT. Tumca, is yovelTvis ar flobs
informacias buligTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis
Sesaxeb. xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac agresiuli
qceva ,,bavSvobis periods miewereba da ar xde-
ba bulingis Tanmdevi Sedegebis gaTvaliswineba.
sasurvelia skolam uzrunvelyos treningebis,
sainformacio Sexvedrebis an sxva RonisZiebebis
Catareba mSoblebisTvis, Riad daafiqsiros maTTan
TanamaSromlobis mzadyofna da uzrunvelyos mSob-
lis CarTuloba bulingTan brZolis yvela etapze.

40
4. moswavleebis cnobierebis amaRleba: mSobleb-
sa da skolis TanamSromlebTan erTad, bulingis
faqtebis Sesaxeb informaciis mniSvnelovan wyaros
Tavad moswavle warmoadgens. moswavleebi xSirad
xedaven ufrosebisgan ,,damalul saziano qmede-
bebs, Tumca sxvadasxva faqtorebis gamo (izolaciis
SiSi, indiferentuloba da sxva) momxdarze dumils
amjobineben. skolam unda uzrunvelyos moswavleTa
codnis donis amaRleba bulingis Sesaxeb: bavSvebma
unda icodnen ra aris bulingi, rogoria bulingis
gamoxatvis formebi, Tavdacvis gzebi, bulingis
faqtebis Sesaxeb gancxadebis maTTvis arasaziano
saSualebebi da a. S.

5. usafrTxo da tolerantuli saswavlo garemo:

skolis TanamSromlebma uyuradRebod ar unda
datovon bulingis SemTxvevebi. bulingis qceva
ar unda iyos ganxiluli rogorc bavSvebis zrdis
Tanmdevi qceva. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania
tolerantuli da mimRebluri saswavlo garemos
Seqmna im moswavleebisTvis, romlebic sxvadasxva
faqtoris gamo gansakuTrebiT mowyvlad jgufebs
ganekuTvnebian, ganicdian diskriminaciul mopyro-
bas da xSirad arian socialurad gariyulebi. ase-
Ti bavSvebi xSirad imyofebian bulingis safrTxis
qveS.

skola ara mxolod unda iTvaliswinebdes rig

SemTxvevebSi bavSvebis gansakuTrebul saWiroebas,
aramed unda zrunavdes maT socializaciaze sasko-

41
lo garemoSi. zogadsaganmanaTleblo dawesebule-
bebSi, romlebic zrunaven pozitiuri, toleran-
tuli da mimRebluri saswavlo garemos Seqmnaze,
sadac moqmedebs martivad gasagebi qcevis wesebi,
gaZlierebulia socialuri interaqcia da gaTval-
iswinebulia yvela moswavlis individualuri saW-
iroeba, gacilebiT naklebia bulingis SemTxvevebi,
vidre sxva skolebSi.

aqve mniSvnelovania aRvniSnoT, rom maSinac ki,

rodesac skolaSi ar moqmedebs bulingis sawinaaRm-
dego raime programa, maswavlebeli ki ar flobs
informacias bulingTan dakavSirebuli sakiTx-
ebis Sesaxeb, is mainc warmoadgens im mniSvnelovan
rgols, romelic survilis SemTxvevaSi, usafrTxo,
pozitiuri da mxardamWeri saklaso garemos Seqm-
niT xels Seuwyobs bulingis prevencias da SeZlebs
Tavisufali da Tanaswori sagakveTilo procesis
formirebas.

42
 7. vis SeiZleba mivmarToT
bulingis SemTxvevaSi?

Tuki Tqvenze xorcieldeba bulingi,

an flobT informacias bulingis faqtebis Sesaxeb,
SegiZliaT mimarToT:

socialuri momsaxurebis saagento

cxeli xazi: 15 05, el-fosta: info@ssa.gov.ge

mandaturis samsaxurTan arsebuli fsiqologiuri

momsaxurebis centri

tel: 2 200 220 (30-25), el-fosta: pscentri@gmail.com

saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis aparati

cxeli xazi: 14 81, el-fosta: info@ombudsman.ge

43
 sagangebo situaciebis marTvis centri

cxeli xazi: 112

an/da

mogvwere Seni istoria

,,mSobelTa sainformacio centris (PIC)

veb-gverdis meSveobiT: www.PICGeorgia.com

an dagvikavSirdi:

telefonis nomerze: 591 66 19 29

el-fostaze: infopicgeorgia@gmail.com
socialur qselSi Facebook: fb.com/PICGeorgia

ar gaCumde !

44
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48