1

1.1

- ()
(Structure)

(safety) (esthetics)
(serviceability)

-
(Planning)

-
(Analysis)

-
(Design)
( strength and serviceability)

-
(Construction)

No

Yes

1-1

2
1.2 (Classification of Structures)

1.2.1 (Structural Elements)

- (Tie Rods)

1-2
- (Beams) :

1-2
(simple supported beam)
(cantilevered beam)
(fixed-supported)
(continuous beam)

(tapered or haunched
beam)
(built-up steel beam, plate
girder)
(wide flange)
1-2
(deep beam, L/h <5)

3


1-3

1-3
M
V

- (columns)


1-4

1-4

1.2.2

- (Trusses)
(Planar trusses)
(Space trusses)

5

9 . 120 .

1-5
1-3 (upper cord)
(lower cord)

- (Cables)

1-6(a)
46 .

1-6
- (Arches)

6
 1-7

- (Frames)
(pin) (fixed) 1-7

(indeterminate)

1-8

- (Surface Structures)


Georgia Dome

1.3 (Loads)

(building codes)
(design codes) .. 2527

1.3.1 (Dead Loads)

(, , , ) (,
, , , , )

200 250 /.2

300 370 /.2 540 630 /.2

1-1
W
2,400 ./.
7,850 /
180 /.
360
7 . 120
9 . 160
12-30
30

9
 1-1
10 . 2 .
2.4 .
1 50 ./.
1

1-1
10 . (0.1 .)(2,400 ./.3) = 240 ./.2 2 . (240)(2) = 480 ./.
(30)(2) = 60 ./.
2.4 . (360)(2.4) = 864 ./.
1,404 ./.
= 50 ./.
1,454 ./.

10
1.3.2 (Live Loads)
,

1.3.2.1






1.3.2.2
- AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials)
- AREA (American Railway Engineering Association)

r

1-9

11
 1-2
,
./.
1. 30
2. 100
3. 150
4. 200
5. 250
6. () ,
300
() ,,, 300
7. ()
400
() , , 400
8. () 500
() , , , ,
,, 500
9. 600
10. 800

1-3 2527

0
10
20
30
40
50

12
1.3.3



(stiffness)

1
q q = V 2
V
2

(American Society of Civil Engineers)

ANSI/ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures


q z = 0.0625K z K ztV 2 I ./.2 (1-1)
V 3 10 . 50

1-10
I ( 1-4)
Kzt
1
Kz

13
 2.01(z/zg)2/ 4.6 z zg

2.01(4.6/zg)2/ z < 4.6

z , . zg 1-5
1-4
I
I 0.87
I, II III II 1.00
300 III 1.15
250 500
50

IV 1.15

1-5
z , . G
g

21 . A 457 5.0 0.8

B 366 7.0 0.8
9 . C 274 9.5 0.85
D 213 11.5 0.85

14
 1-10

15

pz = qzGCp

ph = qhGCp

pz = z [ (1-1)]

ph = h
G = 1-5
Cp = 1-11
1-11

qh(GCpi) (GCpi)

(GCpi) = 0.18

1-6
1-6 2527


10 50
10 20 80
20 40 120
40 160

16
 1-11 Cp
0.25
F = qzGCfAf Af

M N Cf M N
M/N <6 10 20 40 60
Cf 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.75 1.85

17
 1-2

1-10 V = 40 / 1-4 I = 0.87, Kzt = 1

q z = 0.0625K z K ztV 2 I = 0.0625K z (1)( 40) 2 (0.87) = 87K z ./.2

1-5 C : zg = 274, = 9.5 G = 0.85

, h = 7.5 + 22.5tan10o/2 = 9.48 .

Kz Kz = 2.01(4.6/zg)2/ qz

z, . 0 4.6 6 7.5 h = 9.48

Kz 0.85 0.90 0.94 0.99
qz, ./.2 73.95 78.30 81.78 86.13

pz = qzGCp ph = qhGCp G

1-5 0.85 Cp 1-11

- : Cp = 0.8 p4.6 = 50.29, p6 = 53.24 p7.5 = 55.61 ./.2

- : L/B = 2(22.5)/45 = 1, Cp = - 0.5 p = - 36.60 ./.2

- : Cp = - 0.7 p = - 51.25 ./.2

18
- : h/L = 9.48/45 = 0.21 < 0.25 = 10o, Cp = - 0.7 p = - 51.25 ./.2

- : h/L = 9.48/45 = 0.21 < 0.25 = 10o, Cp = - 0.3 p = - 21.96 ./.2

qh(GCpi) (GCpi)

= 0.18 0.18(86.13) = 15.50 ./.2

- : p4.6 = 34.79 65.79 , p6 = 37.74 68.74 p7.5 = 40.11 71.11 ./.2

- : p = - 52.10 - 21.10 ./.2

- : p = - 66.75 - 35.75 ./.2

- : p = - 66.75 - 35.75 ./.2

- : p = - 37.46 - 6.46 ./.2

19
1.3.4



50 1-11
220 ./.2

1.3.5





(
1-12)
1-12a 1-12b

(stiff)

20


(a) (b)
1-12

(dynamic) 75
. (static)

1.3.6


1-13 h p = h

1-13

21

h

1.3.7

(shrinkage)

1.4

(Working stress design method)
(factor of safety)

()
25

(Strength design)
LRFD (Load and resistance factor design)

22


- 1.4() + 1.7()
- 0.75[1.4() + 1.7() + 1.7()]
- 0.9() + 1.3()

23