g Feeding

The NUK Guide on

es
on
infant feeding.
A guide on infant feeding
th
after weaning, produced
in collaboration with
ds Petra Fricke,
Graduate in home
economics and
Consultant on nutrition
Dear Parents,
Editorial
As the saying goes, The way to someones
heart is through their stomach! And it
really is the case that what you give your
baby to eat and drink is an expression of
your instinctive love and care. Mummys
breast may initially have been the only
source of bliss and contentment for your
hungry, precious little one, but the time
soon comes when your growing baby
needs more.
Babys nourishment requirements are
changing and the curiosity for different food
experiences is becoming noticeable.
Certainly by now there will be many
questions to be asked and decisions to be yourself? This is possible, too, provided that
taken as to when, what and how you can you take certain things into consideration.
feed your precious little one. Of course, your This brochure is based on specialist
wish to do everything correctly wherever knowledge and should answer your ques
possible is understandable and a sign of your tions on all aspects of feeding your infant,
parental care and concern. You do, after all, at the same time offering many practical
want to be able to give your infant the best tips for you to put into practice.
start towards a healthy life and to promote Rest assured: with your love and your
development the best way possible. respect for certain basic rules, you will en
However, I know from many years of sure that your infant will enjoy food and
working in this field, and also from personal become a healthy eater.
experience, that there are many uncertain Both NUK and myself hope you enjoy
ties concerning the feeding of infants. The reading this guide and putting it into
range of prepared infant cereals and feeds practice!
is overwhelming, even for an expert. It is
helpful when deciding on which products
are suitable for your baby, if you have an
idea beforehand of the dependable, prac
tical evaluation criteria. For example, do Petra Fricke
you want to prepare meals for your child Graduate in home economics, Consultant on nutrition and mother

Feeding 
Food & drinkFeeding from the bottle an overview of baby milk feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
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Hygiene when preparing feeds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
The first solid foods when is the right time? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

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Eating plan for the first twelve months . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Home cooking or ready-made food . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Food choice made simple . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
What our baby should drink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Home cooking a selection of recipes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

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A vegetarian diet what do I need to watch? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Perishable foods and their storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

 Feeding
 Contents

6
Food & health
Risk of allergies and their prevention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
8 Food tips if your baby has health problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
9

Learning to eat
2
3
4 Eating like grown-ups do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
6 Food education your child learns how to eat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8

Last but not least

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Imprint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Food Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Feeding 
 Food & drink
Feeding from the
bottle an overview
of baby milk feeds
Without doubt, breastfeeding is best for
your baby, as nature has made mothers
milk exactly to provide all the nourish
ment your baby needs. Moreover, breast
milk is normally free of germs, it is the
correct temperature and readily available
without any preparation. Breastfeeding is
recommended exclusively for at least four
months, and up to six if it suits your infant.
Even if, for example, you start giving your
baby cereal at lunchtime after approx. six
months, you can still continue breastfeed
ing for the other feeds, if that is what suits
you and your baby.
If however, for career reasons or due to
illness, for example, you as a mother either
do not wish to or are unable to continue
breastfeeding for that long, you dont need
to have a guilty conscience about it. You
can also feed your infant from the bottle.
You can also give that important feeling
Contents of breast milk
and cows milk
Nutrients per 100 g Breast milk Cow's milk
Protein 1.1 g 3.3 g
Carbohydrate 7.0 g 4.6 g
Fat 4.0 g 3.53.8 g
Minerals 210 mg 740 mg
 Feeding
of closeness and intimacy conveyed when
breastfeeding when you bottle-feed. The
important thing is: what is in the bottle.
The composition of the nutrients in baby
milks should be as close as possible to
breast milk. Pure cows milk is unsuitable
for infants for the first twelve months. Its
higher protein and mineral content, for T
example, would be too much for your
babys sensitive kidneys to cope with (see
Table).
The so-called alternative milks, such as
corn milk, almond milk and soya milk, are
just as unsuitable, as these are not meant
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for feeding to infants. Their composition of
nutrients is unbalanced and they are lack s
ing in essential nutrients such as calcium p
and some B-group vitamins. In addition to
this, an infant is unable to digest the raw
grains of corn milk at all. This could result B
in growth problems and seriously hinder
the childs development. C
The safest alternative to breast milk is
offered by commercial baby milks. Strin p
gent food regulations control their compos m
ition, and they simulate breast milk, some
types being better than others. m
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r The composition of bottle milk feeds should match breast milk as far as possible.
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Important
Important: it is essential that you
breast milk you can feed your baby with
Pre-milk feeds on demand, in other
words whenever baby is hungry. From the
adhere strictly to the powder quantities
f psychological aspect this is an advantage,
specified by the manufacturer when as your baby will be more satisfied this
m preparing commercial baby milk feeds. way than when fed according to plan.
o Milks labelled 1 contain additional
w carbohydrate in the form of starch. This
t Baby milks labelled makes them thicker, which means baby
r Pre, 1, 2 and 3 will be satisfied for longer. They are also
Commercial baby milks are labelled Pre, suitable for feeding throughout your in
s 1, 2 or 3, depending on the com fants first year. However, it is necessary
position and degree of similarity to breast to adhere to the milk quantities speci
milk. fied for the relevant age and to keep to a
e Pre-milks are the nearest to breast rough plan as given on the pack. Due to
milk in their composition. They are just the starch content, feeding too frequent
as thin a fluid and the only type of carbo ly could result in overfeeding. Some of
hydrate they contain is lactose just like these products also contain other types of
breast milk. Baby can be fed these for the sugar, e.g. sucrose and glucose, which are
first twelve months from birth. Just as with undesirable from the nutritional aspect.

Feeding 
Tip
Tip: if you wish to give your baby
sugar-free feeds, take a look at the list
of ingredients before buying.
Follow-on milks labelled 2 and 3 are
only slightly similar to breast milk in their
composition. They contain more calories,
protein, calcium and iron than the pre-
milks and are usually thicker due to the
higher starch content. They may also
contain other types of sugar. These can, if
desired, be given to your baby from the
5th to 8th month.
Tip
Tip: you should feed your baby to plan to
avoid overfeeding.
Tip
Tip: in order to prevent your baby from
feeding too hastily and choking, it is
important that you select the correct
size of hole for the teat. This will be the
right choice if the feed drips but doesnt
pour out of the bottle when turned
upside down. When buying bottles
ensure that they have vented teats.
Hygiene when
preparing feeds
Babys digestive system only develops
during the course of the first twelve
months. On the one hand, certain food
components can only be broken down
little by little. On the other hand, babys
immune system in the intestine is so
 Feeding
underdeveloped to start with, that harm
ful bacteria ingested with the feed can
quickly result in gastrointestinal infections
and diarrhoea. Food containing protein
in particular, such as prepared milk feeds,
form the ideal breeding-ground for unde
sired bacteria.
When preparing bottle feeds and when
cleaning, sterilising and storing bottles, it is
therefore essential that you observe some
basic rules of hygiene.
Always freshly prepare milk feeds.
Storing of prepared feeds in warm T
conditions or at room temperature is
not suitable. Dispose of any leftovers
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after each feed. r
At least during the first few months A
always use boiled water for the prepar a
ation of feeds. Later, once your baby a
is crawling and putting everything in
his or her mouth anyway, you can be
more relaxed about this rule.
Always store milk powders well-sealed
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and in a clean, dry place. Never store s
in the refrigerator as the condensation e
that builds up creates ideal conditions S
for germs to multiply. i
Bottles and teats must be cleaned i
thoroughly and sterilised after use. It m
will suffice if the components used t
are cleaned thoroughly using a bot f
tle brush with washing-up liquid and f
then all put into a large pan and f
boiled in clean, clear water for 23 c
m inutes. The sterilised bottles can a
then be left to drain upside down on r
a clean tea towel. Using a dishwash
er is not recommended, as the min i
imum temperature of 80C required f
for killing bacteria is not attained in m
the dishwasher. The aggressive clean j
 ing agents used in dishwashers also
n damage the bottle motifs and lead to
s premature wear of the teats. A much
n more practical, material-friendly and
, energy-saving method is to use the
NUK Steriliser, in which six bottles
complete with accessories are cleaned
n and hygienically sterilised with steam,
s and completely without the use of
e chemicals.

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m The first solid
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foods when is the Well-prepared for a trip out.
right time?
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After a few months your infants nutrition
al needs will also change. After 4 months
at the earliest (i.e. in the 17th week) and
Tip
Tip: bottle feeds can be prepared
for either a trip out or for the night
n at 6 months at the latest (from the 25th as follows: simply pour the required
e week), baby will require more than just
milk. The time has come to move on to amount of milk powder into a clean,
d the first solid foods. It does not really make dry bottle and, as required, add boiled
e sense to start on solids earlier, nor is it nec hot water from a thermos flask you have
n essary, as the risk of allergies is increased.
prepared before. Shake, then check the
s Smaller infants also have trouble feed
ing from a spoon, as the sucking reflex temperature. Bon apptit!
d is still so strong. However, from the 5th
t month your child will be increasingly able vegetables (e.g. baby carrots), preferably
d to digest foods other than milk. Month before the milk feed. Build this up each
for month you can then replace the milk week by adding first of all butter or oil,
d feeds with cereal-based feeds and pureed then well-mashed potatoes and finally,
d food. After about 9 months your infant finely pureed meat and fruit juice.
3 can try more and more solid foods and
n also gradually try eating the same as the
n rest of the family.
As a general rule we recommend start
ing with a meat-potato-vegetable puree
d for babys lunch. From experience it
n makes sense to start by offering your baby
just a few little spoonfuls of finely pureed

Feeding 
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By the end of the 6th month at the latest its time to start on solids. s

Dont be discouraged if your infant

immediately spits out the first solid feed
and screams in a heart-rending way. Each
Tip Tip: as soon as your baby starts on
solid foods, he or she will need some-
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thing to drink with the meal. It helps
child is a different personality. Some think
it great trying something new, whereas the food slip down more easily and aids y
o thers find it irritating. A spoonful of digestion. Suitable drinks include water, R
pureed carrot is new; it has a different g
unsweetened tea (from a teabag) or
consistency, tastes different and also has to b
be eaten a different way from milk. Maybe highly diluted fruit juice without sugar. B
it was too soon for your little one. Just try h
again after another few days. c
After about a month you can replace through the night. If preparing the meal t
the evening milk feed with a cereal made yourself use wholemeal products, such as C
with full-cream milk. The main ingredients oats or semolina where possible, and do L
here are full-cream milk, oats and some not add sugar. Instant baby cereals that t
fruit juice or fruit puree. Giving a cereal in only have to be stirred into the hot milk, P
the evening will make your infant feel con although practical, should also not con b
tent (and you, too) and help with sleeping tain any added sugar or other additives. s

10 Feeding
 A quick look at the list of ingredients will
offer guidance.
After approximately another month
you can give your infant an afternoon feed
of wholemeal oats and pureed fruit with
a little oil. This will provide your infant
with vitamins and iron. This meal should
contain no milk or milk products at all,
as milk makes it more difficult to absorb
vitamins. Whats more, infants will love
nibbling on these. Suitable fruit and veg
etables to start with include soft fruit such
as bananas, soft pears and nectarines as
well as cucumber, and later also pieces
of raw vegetables to crunch on, such as
carrots and kohlrabi.

Important
the iron. Further sweetening with sugar
is not necessary, and adding honey is Important: fruit and vegetables cut
actually dangerous due to the pathogen
up into small pieces for your infant are
Clostridium botulinum, as this settles in the
stomach and can poison the body. not only good for your child from the
At 9 months, most infants are able to nutritional aspect; they also promote
sit up, they may have quite a few teeth
both the development of the jaw mus-
and they are starting to grasp anything
within their reach including anything cles and help develop speech. Support
edible. Your little one is gradually grow your childs wish with regard to feeding
ing out of babyhood and the semi-solid himself or herself even if not everything
food phase, and is now able to try more
solid foods. The transition has begun to lands in the mouth to start with.
eating what the family eats. It is now suf
ficient to mince the food or cut it up into
small pieces theres no need to puree
any more.
You can now also start gradually giving
your baby bread and milk for breakfast.
Remove the crusts from a slice of fine-
grained wholemeal bread, spread with
butter and cut into mouth-sized pieces.
Baby can reach out and help himself or
herself. The milk will now not necessarily
come from the breast or bottle, but from
l training cups. The leakproof NUK FIRST
s CHOICE Learner Bottle and NUK EASY
o LEARNING Cup, for example, prevent
t the drink from constantly flooding out.
, Pieces of fruit or vegetable with bread can
be given as a mid-morning or afternoon
. snack and will increase the amount of A new experience for baby: the first spoonful of solid food.

Feeding 11
 Eating plan for the first twelve months

12 Feeding
Mid-morning Mid-after-
Breakfast Lunch Supper
snack noon snack

0 to 4 months or or or or or
*
From 5th month or or
** or or

From 6th month or or

** or
**

From 7th month or or

10th to 12th month + + + + + + +

***
Breastfeeding Vegetables Cereals
Bottle feed Potatoes Fruit
Vegetable, potato Cereal with
Fruit cereal
Milk Meat Bread (meat) semi-solid full-cream milk

*Breastfeeding and infant first solid foods if required, initially approx. 5 to 8 feeds a day, gradually reducing to 5.
**The first cereal can be given at 6 months if your infant is ready for it.
***From the 10th month solid foods can be gradually introduced (bread, fruit, etc.). This will very much depend on your child and whether the teeth are through.

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Home cooking or
ready-made food
Both have advantages and disadvantages.
The essential criteria are illustrated below.
So you can decide for yourself!

Harmful ingredients
The preparation of infant foods in jars or
as instant cereal is subject to stringent
food regulations. Thanks to the careful
s election of raw products, which are
increasingly being organically grown,
coupled with continuous controls, the
strict limits regarding use of nitrates and
pesticides are being observed. If you
would like to cook for yourself, you should
select the foods carefully, preferably using A freshly made cereal retains the flavour for longer.
organically grown products.
Preparation
Price This point clearly goes to the ready-made
It is always cheaper to prepare the food foods and instant cereals. Much time and
yourself rather than buy ready meals, even effort can be saved here. Of course, cook
when using the somewhat more expen ing isnt exactly a challenge for you; a few
sive organic products. tricks, however, will soon reduce the work
here to an acceptable level.
Taste
The natural taste of food retains its flavour

Conclusion
better when freshly prepared; this applies
just the same to baby foods as to food for
Conclusion: if you wish to cook for
adult consumption.
yourself you should select the relevant
Composition ingredients carefully. When buying ready
You should note the ingredients when
meals, such as jars and instant cereals,
buying ready-made meals. The follow
ing are not suitable for infant feeding: I recommend taking a good look at the
salt and spices, refined sugar and other list of ingredients.
types, such as glucose, fructose, glucose
syrup and maltose. When cooking you
can determine yourself which ingredients
to use.

Feeding 13
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Food Table pull-out see las t page f

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Food choice made

simple p
Whether you wish to prepare the purees the ingredients used will determine the w
and solid foods yourself for your little nutritious quality of the meal. There is a T
treasure, or whether you prefer to buy comprehensive food table to pull out on t
the ready-made jars, instant cereal, etc. the last page. t

14 Feeding
 Tips for selecting ready-made foods
and cereals
Jars, tins and other ready-made products
can complement babys eating plan in a
practical way. You can choose between
complete, ready-to-eat meals, that only
have to be heated up or may be eaten
cold, and individual ingredients for pre
paring cereal feeds (e.g. oats or semolina,
fruit, vegetable puree and meat puree).
The range is so diverse that you should
allow yourself enough time when buying
prepared infant foods, especially at the
beginning, to enable you to study the
product ingredients. These lists give you
the relevant information on the processed
ingredients. Manufacturers of baby foods
are increasingly orienting themselves to
wards nutritionists recommendations
when it comes to the selection of the in
gredients. Not to be recommended are
salt, sugar and other sweeteners, spices,
and onions. Only wholemeal pasta and
cereal products and natural brown rice
should be used.
Sugar
All these are types of sugar: sucrose
(household or granulated sugar),
glucose (grape sugar), glucose syrup,
fructose (fruit sugar), maltose
(malt sugar).
When selecting foods: preferably buy
products with few additives in accordance
e with the list of ingredients on page 39.
a The composition of these products makes
n them suitable for the basic cereal recipes in
this brochure. Your baby will then be fed
well. Equally suitable are individual ingredi
ents without any additives used for further
processing, such as pure fruit or vegetable
meals (e.g. apple and pear compote, baby
carrots, pureed meat), and rolled oats or
wheat cereal or similar, also as instant cereals.
Iodine makes a sensible additive to ready
cereals (potassium iodide or potassium
iodate).
Ready meals in jars or tins frequently do
not contain the required amount of fat (8 to
10 g per meal). By referring to the table of
nutrients on the label you can establish this
for yourself. You may then need to add the
required amount of fat to the heated food.
Some fruit cereals in jars also often con
tain either insufficient fat or no fat at all. Then
it makes sense to add the necessary amount
to make it up to 5 g (= 1 teaspoon) per meal.
You should also ensure that this cereal does
not contain any milk or milk products, as
these hinder the absorption of iron.
A large selection of jars and ready meals
complements babys food plan.
Feeding 15
What our baby
should drink
The fluid requirement of a baby in rela
tion to body weight is much greater than
for adults. During breastfeeding a healthy
infant gets the necessary amount of fluid
automatically from mothers milk. When
starting on semi-solids, however, you
should start giving your child something
to drink as well. The best drink is water,
but this does need to be low in nitrates
for your baby and to contain few min
erals, and naturally no harmful substances
such as lead, copper or other substances
damaging to the environment either.
Nitrate hinders the transport of oxygen
in the blood. A higher level of minerals
although desirable for adults is too much
for babys kidneys, which are not yet fully
developed. Mineral water types stating
that they are suitable for feeding infants
and baby water produced by some baby
food manufacturers fulfil these criteria
and are therefore safe.
You can establish from your local wa
ter supplier whether your tap water is suit
able for your baby, in other words low in
nitrates and free from harmful substances.
Especially in rural areas, if there is a well,
you should have the water thoroughly
tested in a laboratory. This also applies if
you live in a house that has old lead piping
or new copper piping. Poisonous metals
like lead and copper can accumulate in
tap water and can damage the health of
babies and small children. Some water
boards will undertake these analyses free
of charge if there are infants or expect
ant mothers living in the house. If the
analyses confirm too high a figure, then
16 Feeding
you should not give your child tap water,
changing to mineral water or baby water
instead even for making tea and prepar
ing cereal feeds.
Other suitable drinks for babies are
diluted fruit juices, special childrens teas
using tea bags or loose tea and diluted
tea.
Tip
Tip: find out from your local water
supplier about the quality of your water.
If you live in a rural area and there is a
well, or you live in a house with old lead
piping or new copper piping, you should
have the water analysed. Some water
boards will undertake these analyses
free of charge if there are infants or
expectant mothers living in the house.
Drinks not considered suitable in
clude instant infant teas, pure fruit juices,
all types of drink sweetened with sugar or
sweetener, fruit drinks and fruit syrups.
The sugar content of these drinks will
attack babys teeth. Tea without milk
T
and green tea both contain the stimu
lant tannin and should not be given to
your baby.
d
It is best to start by giving your baby c
drinks from a bottle with the smallest f
teat hole (extra-fine, S), then from the
6th month at the earliest, the leakproof
NUK FIRST CHOICE Learner Bottle and
NUK EASY LEARNING Cup, for example,
can help your child learn to drink like
grown-ups do. From the 12th month and
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The fluid requirement of a baby in relation to body weight is much greater than for adults.

Important

o
epending on the development, your
d Important: never give a bottle or cup
y child may be able to practise drinking just to suck on, to help your baby go to
t from a beaker or cup without a spout.
e sleep or for comfort! The teeth will develop
f caries if constantly flushed with drink.
d Although this applies in particular to
,
sweet drinks and/or those containing fruit
e
d acid, it also applies to pure water and tea!

Feeding 17
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Home-cooked meals a real treat.

Home cooking

a selection of recipes Potato-vegetable meal
with meat or fish
Home-cooked meals a real treat, one that
your little treasure will surely also appreciate.
This section contains some basic recipes 1 medium-sized carrot (approx. 100 g)
for home-made infant feeds, both cereal or other vegetable P
and vegetable-based. The quantities given 1 small potato (approx. 5070 g) b
are based on past experience. It may well 2030 g meat or fish fillet t
be that your infant prefers either smaller 10 g oil or butter t
or larger portions. This is fine, as long as (1 level tablespoon) a
your child is developing at an appropri 2 tablespoons fruit juice (30 ml)
ate rate according to his or her age. It is Peel and wash potatoes and other vegeta-
therefore not necessary to weigh out every bles, cut into small pieces and cook until soft
single gram. You also do not need to have with the finely chopped meat or fish and a
a guilty conscience if not serving a freshly little water in a pan with the lid on. Finely
cooked meal to your little treasure every puree and stir in fat and juice.
day. Ready-prepared foods can easily com
plement your childs food plan.

18 Feeding
 Tip
Tip: it is practical to cook and freeze
larger quantities of meat in advance.
Tip
Tip: if you have a freezer, you can cook
larger quantities in advance and freeze
Boil 600 g finely chopped meat in 100 ml in portions. In this case, add the fruit
water until soft, puree, divide the pureed juice or fat after re-heating and just
mixture into portions (1 portion = before serving. For approx. 20 portions
3035 g = 2 heaped tablespoons), fill you will need approx. 600 g meat,
ice-cube bags or trays and shock-freeze. 1 kg potatoes, 2 kg vegetables.
Frozen meat cubes should be stored in
airtight containers until consumed. If
desired, add to freshly cooked potato-
Full-cream milk cereal
vegetable meal. Approx. 20 portions.

200 ml pasteurised full-cream milk

2 heaped tablespoons wholemeal cereal
or semolina (20 g)
Potato-vegetable meal
50 g fruit puree, grated apple or
without meat
2 tablespoons fruit juice
Boil up cereal flakes or semolina in milk and
100 g vegetables leave to soak for 5 minutes. Stir in fruit puree
1 small potato or juice.
l 1 heaped tablespoon wholemeal cereal
(oat flakes, millet, rice)
10 g oil or butter
(1 level tablespoon)
Fruit cereal
) 2 tablespoons fruit juice
without milk
Peel and wash potatoes and other vegeta-
bles, chop finely and cook until soft with
the cereal and a little water in a pan with 90 ml water
the lid on. Finely puree, and then stir in fat 2 tablespoons wholemeal cereal flakes
and juice. 100 g fruit puree or finely grated apple
1 level teaspoon butter or oil (5 g)
- Boil up cereal flakes in water and leave to
t soak. Stir fruit and fat into the warm cereal.
a Tastes good hot or cold.
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Feeding 19
 Tips on quantity
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Food type Weight in grams a

Oil/butter, 1 level teaspoon 5g t

Oil/butter, 1 level tablespoon 10 g T
Wheat semolina, 1 tablespoon 10 g n
Wheat semolina, 1 heaped tablespoon 20 g v
Rolled oats, fine-grained, 1 tablespoon 5g
n
Rolled oats, coarse-grained, 1 tablespoon 10 g
Instant cereal flakes, 1 tablespoon 2g
Potato, 1 small approx. 60 g
Carrot, 1 small approx. 40 g
Carrot, 1 medium-sized, peeled approx. 80 g
Kohlrabi, peeled approx. 100 g
Potato-vegetable puree, 1 tablespoon 30 g
Apple, 1 small approx. 100 g
Pear, 1 medium-sized approx. 150 g
Banana, 1 small approx. 125 g
Apricot, 1 approx. 50 g
Fruit juice, 1 tablespoon 15 ml
Fruit puree, 1 tablespoon approx. 30 g

A vegetarian from meat. You should therefore observe

diet what do
I need to watch?
Some parents do not wish to
feed their child meat. This is
of course possible, but care
must be taken when preparing
food to ensure a sufficient supply
of iron. Iron is important for the forma
tion of blood and an iron deficiency can
manifest itself in the form of pallor and an
increased susceptibility to infection. The
iron absorbed with food is utilised con
siderably less from vegetarian foods than
the following: if you decide not to feed
your child meat, you should conscien
tiously buy ingredients with a high iron
content and you should replace meat with
wholemeal flakes that are rich in iron. You
should also add vitamin C-rich juice or fruit
to every cereal as vitamin C improves
P
the absorption of iron. Iron-enriched baby t
fruit drinks are also suitable. W
s
p
H
t

20 Feeding
 Important
Important: a strict vegan diet, whereby
not only meat and fish, but also eggs
and dairy products are excluded from
the diet, is totally unsuitable for infants.
This type of diet is lacking in highly
nutritious protein, calcium, iron and
vitamin B12, all of these nutrients being
necessary for healthy growth.
Plant foods with high iron
c ontent (mg/100 g)
Millet 7.0
Rolled oats 4.6
Cornmeal (polenta) 3.9
Wheat flakes 3.2
Whole-rye 2.7
Fennel 2.7
Carrots 2.0
Peas 1.8
Courgettes 1.5
Broccoli 1.3
e Strawberries/raspberries 1.0
d Kohlrabi 0.9
Parsley root 0.9
n should be heated to eating temperature,
Pumpkin 0.8
h but not boiled. A double saucepan, baby
u food warmer or microwave are all suit
t
s
Perishable foods and
y their storage
Whether a vegetable-based meal or in
stant cereal, care and hygiene are top
priority when preparing foods for infants.
Here are a few questions and answers on
this topic.
How long does baby food keep?
With baby milks and instant cereals the
best-before date is printed on the pack.
Opened packs will keep for two to three
weeks, provided they are stored in a
sealed container and in a cool, dry place.
Opened packs should not be stored in the
refrigerator due to water condensation.
Any leftovers from prepared milk feeds
must be discarded. Cereals may be stored
in the refrigerator for no longer than one
day.
What must parents watch out for with
ready-made meals?
The best-before date is printed on the label
of jars. These can be stored unopened in
the cupboard, but once opened they will
keep at the most for one to two days in
the refrigerator. If you wish to feed the
contents of one jar in several portions,
you should place the required amount in
different bowls. This way you will prevent
the food from becoming contaminated.
Which is the best way to heat up baby
foods?
For jars of fruit, room temperature will
suffice. Vegetables and ready-made meals
able. N.B.: remember to unscrew the top
when using the microwave and only heat
up for approx. 30 seconds and at 300 to
400 watt. Stir well before feeding and
ensure that the food is not too hot. Never
reheat baby foods or leave longer than 30
minutes in the pan, otherwise essential
nutrients will be destroyed.
Feeding 21
Food &
health
Risk of allergies and
their prevention
There is widespread fear amongst most
parents that their own child may develop
neurodermatitis or an allergy. And not
without justification as approx. 25%
of all newborn babies are born with an
increased risk of allergy. Hereditary pre
disposition will play a decisive part here.
However, it is not the allergy itself that
is inherited, simply the susceptibility to
developing one.
If you, as mother or father, or an elder
sibling already suffer from an allergy such
as hay fever, asthma or an allergy to house
dust, the probability of your child also de
veloping an allergy will increase.
Preventive measures make sense here,
as they can reduce the risk of an allergy
occurring, or at least postpone its onset
for some time.
22 Feeding
The allergy risk with other
family members already
s ufferers
No allergies in the family 515%
One sibling with allergy 2535%
One parent with allergy 2040%
Both parents with allergy 4060%
Both parents with
same allergy 6080%
Our infant is at risk of allergies
what can we do?
What your child eats will play a major part
F
in the prevention of allergies, although
this alone is not decisive. The immune
system of a baby is initially still underde
veloped; the intestinal mucous membrane
is sensitive and at the moment can still
absorb foreign protein ingested with food,
e.g. from milk or eggs. If these enter the
bloodstream they can cause an allergy.
It therefore makes sense to avoid cer
tain foods for the first year.
Try and breastfeed for as long as possible
and exclusively for six months at least.
t
Food plays a major part in the prevention of allergies.
h
e
If it is not possible to breastfeed for
e this long, hypoallergenic baby milks
l are the only recommended alternative
, to breast milk. These are recognisable
e by the HA label on the pack. Do not
give your baby normal infant feeds
from cows milk or soya milk. The lat
ter can trigger an allergy just as easily
e as cows milk.
. tuted in other ways.
Other semi-solid food and drinks such
as fruit juices, teas and cereals should
not be given for the first six months.
Whether prepared by yourself or in
ready-made products, there are cer
tain foods that your child should not
eat for the first year. However, you
need not worry about any lack of nu
trients, as these can easily be substi
Feeding 23
 Prevention of allergies with babies at risk by
Im
I
(
selecting suitable foods
i
Food additives to be avoided Substitute with
in the first twelve months
d
s
Cows milk Breast milk, HA milk
w
Milk-based cereals, Prepare HA milk-based cereals or
instant milk-based cereals breast milk, HA milk-based instant cereals
Milk products, ice cream No substitute
Soya milk Breast milk, HA milk
B
t
Soya products, e.g. tofu No substitute
a
Fish Meat a
Eggs No substitute t
Egg pasta Pasta without egg, wholemeal pasta, a
rice, potatoes p
Wheat bread, bread rolls, biscuits Bread types made without wheat, p
rice, potatoes
Wheat flakes, wheat semolina, muesli Rice flakes, millet, rolled oats
Citrus fruits, orange juice Apples, pears, apricots, also as juice F
Nuts No substitute h
Instant teas (protein-based) Water, diluted fruit juices, baby teas (tea bag) I
Jars or other ready meals containing Jars or ready meals with few ingredients s
many ingredients and equivalent to home-made meals f
d
a
It is also wise to avoid too many differ Try and stay relaxed. Not every rash i
ent foods, introducing them to your that appears is necessarily neuro g
infant one at a time and not more dermatitis or an allergy. Seek advice m
often than at weekly intervals. This from your family doctor or a pae
will make it easier to determine any diatrician if you are unsure. If neuro F
possible reaction. Exotic fruits such as dermatitis is diagnosed, there is one F
pineapples and mangoes should be consolation: with many children any b
avoided. Apples, pears and bananas allergies occurring in the first twelve t
will almost certainly be better toler months frequently disappear after a c
ated. few years. a
y
a
f

24 Feeding
 Important
Important: hypoallergenic baby milks
(HA) serve only to prevent allergies with
infants at risk. If your baby has already
developed an allergy to cows milk or
soya, you should consult a paediatrician
who will advise on special milk feeds.

Baby comes into contact with many po

tential allergens, not only through food
and drink, but also from the air breathed in
and materials from clothing worn against
the skin. These can all increase the risk of
allergy. Keep yourself informed of other
preventive measures from an early stage,
preferably during the pregnancy.

Food tips if your baby
has health problems
If your baby has a health problem you
should always seek advice from your
family doctor or a paediatrician. Only a
doctor can assess whether your child has
a harmless condition or an illness requir
h ing treatment. So do not shy away from
going to the doctor, even for seemingly
e minor problems.
Flatulence
e Flatulence is completely normal with
y babies. It only becomes a problem if
e the wind becomes trapped, causing the
a child pain. If you, as the childs mother,
are still breastfeeding, it is wise to check
your own feeding plan and try excluding
any flatulent foods from your diet. Such
foods include vegetables like cabbage,
Feed your baby correctly right from the start.
onions, leeks, garlic and pulses as well as
raw wholemeal products, and sometimes
even fruits with stones such as cherries
and plums. These food types should also
not be added to cereals, so as not to over
tax the sensitive digestive system. With
persistent flatulence special anti-colic
teas, e.g. fennel, caraway or aniseed can
help. Try also carrying baby around face
down or in a sling, or a gentle tummy
massage with special ointment from your
pharmacy these have also been known
to help in some cases. With bottle-fed
babies persistent flatulence may also be
put down to lactose intolerance or allergy
to cows milk.

Feeding 25
 i
i

H
B
c
b
b
s
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s
t
a
a
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i
f
s
d
w
t

S
I
If your baby has a health problem you should go straight to the doctor.
t
R
Diarrhoea should put your baby to the breast or t
Your baby has diarrhoea if he or she is offer herbal tea slightly sweetened with l
regularly producing stool that is loose grape sugar. This is because the most A
and often mucous, and which also has important thing with diarrhoea is to en b
a noticeably different odour. A tem sure that your baby is given sufficient b
perature or vomiting at the same time fluids to prevent dehydration, which is j
indicates a gastrointestinal infection. In always feared. The doctor will then prob
this case you should seek medical advice ably prescribe an electrolytic preparation b
immediately, taking the last full diaper and recommend a special remedial food o
with you in order to clarify the cause. plan. In mild cases of diarrhoea a mashed e
Particularly in the first twelve months this banana or finely grated apple can help b
is not to be taken lightly. Until then you from the 5th month. o

26 Feeding
 If the stool is very soft, but the child
is otherwise perfectly content, then there
is no cause for alarm.
Hard stool
Breastfed babies hardly ever suffer from
constipation. However, as soon as your
baby starts on solids, there may initially
be some digestive problems. Serious con
stipation needs to be treated by your
doctor. If your baby complains frequently
due to constipation, it is essential that
you give him or her enough to drink:
still mineral water, unsweetened infant
teas or diluted fruit juices are all suit
able. Apricot puree and wholemeal flakes
and semolina added regularly to cereal
can also aid digestion. Do not give your
infant more milk than is specified in the
feeding plan. Bananas and grated apple
should be removed temporarily from the
diet. Although adding lactose to cereal
will have a laxative effect, it is not a long-
term solution.
Soreness
If your baby is prone to having a sore bot
tom, this may be caused by acid fruits.
Rather than giving orange juice it is bet
r ter to add juice or puree from fruit with a
h low acid content, such as apples or pears.
t As the acid can also be absorbed into
breastmilk, it is advisable for mothers still
t breastfeeding not to drink too much fruit
s juice with a high acid content.
However, a sore bottom may also
n be caused by intolerance to toiletries
d or by not changing diapers frequently
d enough. Even when teething some
p b abies have sore bottoms irrespective
of their diet.
Temperature
A temperature is often accompanied
by loss of appetite. If your baby is not
eating, there is no immediate cause for
concern; every child has enough in re
serve to last a few days with little food.
But you should give your child some
thing to drink on a frequent basis, as
the fluid requirement is increased with
a fever. Breastfed babies will continue to
suck at the breast. Apart from receiving
nourishment, baby should be comforted,
so important when feeling poorly. Fruit
and vegetable feeds slip down better if
they are prepared with more liquid than
normally. It is important though, that
medical help is sought to establish the
reason for the temperature.
Being sick or vomiting
It is nothing to worry about when your
infant regurgitates a little milk when
bringing up wind, provided he or she
is flourishing and putting on weight. It
may help to ensure that your baby isnt
feeding too quickly and thus swallowing
too much air. You should also check that
you are using the correct hole size for
the teat. If possible, always use vented
teats. Violent motion directly after feed
ing is not a good idea either. If, however,
your child is vomiting large amounts and
also possibly the stool looks different; this
probably means either an infection or a
food allergy. In this case you should seek
medical advice.
Feeding 27
Learning to eat
Eating like grown-ups do
Once your baby is one year old he or she
can gradually start to eat what the family
eats. By this time you should certainly be
getting baby accustomed to healthy eat
ing by choosing suitable foods. So what
exactly do we mean by a suitable choice
of foods? In their composition and quan
tity suitable food items should cover the
nutritional needs and thus promote the
growth and development of your child
as well as help prevent illness. The meals
should be tasty, which will encourage
your infant to enjoy eating. Becoming
accustomed to a healthy and varied diet
will stand your child in good stead for
the rest of his or her life. As the saying
goes You cant teach an old dog new
tricks. Studies show that what a child
gets to like early on, will still be appreci
ated later in life.

Three simple food rules

Use sparingly:
high-fat foods (oil, butter,
margarine) and confectionery

Use with moderation: animal foods (milk,

milk products, fresh meat, cooked meats, fish and eggs)

Use generously:
plant-based foods (vegetables, fruit, bread, cereal, muesli,
potatoes, pasta, rice) and drinks

Plant foods should, therefore, form the
basis of an infants diet plan and should be
included in every meal, complemented by
small portions of animal foods and sparing
use of foods with a high fat content. As
with adults it is important for children to
drink ample fluids. The quantities speci
fied in the following table offer a rough
guide; it is not necessary to weigh the
ingredients. Children will sometimes eat
a larger amount, sometimes less, depend
ing on their personality, how hungry they
are at the time and the stage of develop
ment. Each child is an individual and will
eat as an individual.
F

28 Feeding
 s
e
g
t
r
g
w
d

e
t

From approx. the 12th month a child can gradually start eating the same as the rest of the family.

Feeding 29
 Quantities recommended for 1224 months
Food Quantity Comments

Drinks 600650 ml/day Water, herbal/fruit teas;

diluted juices are best
Bread, cereals 80100 g/day 2 slices or 1 slice of bread (flakes)
(flakes) and 1 portion of cereal flakes
Potatoes 8090 g/day 2 small potatoes, alternatively
noodles or rice
Other vegetables 120130 g/day Fresh, frozen or raw

Fruit 120130 g/day For example 1 apple
Milk/milk products 300 ml/day 100 ml milk or 1 slice of cheese
Fresh meat/cooked meats 30 g/day Preferably lean
Eggs 12/week Eggs should be well-cooked N

Fish 5060 g/week Preferably sea fish

Oil, butter, margarine 1520 g/day 34 teaspoons

(Total energy 9501,050 kcal per day)

Examples of menus

Breakfast Lunch

1 slice of wholemeal toast with a cream Home-made creamed potatoes, broccoli,

cheese or butter and Gouda, a few pieces
of cucumber or pear, 1 cup of milk
or small portion of fine muesli with
sliced banana and natural yoghurt, 1
cup of fruit tea
steamed fish fillet, herb sauce, diluted
grape juice
or wholemeal pasta with freshly made
tomato sauce, fruit fromage frais, min-
eral water
or colourful rice and vegetable risotto,
chicken fillet, fruit salad, diluted apple
juice

30 Feeding

Supper
1 slice of wholemeal bread, with or
without crusts, with margarine and mild
cheese or delicatessen chicken breast,
raw vegetable pieces with fromage frais
dip, herbal tea or mineral water
or cream of vegetable soup with a
wholemeal bread roll, 1 cup of milk
or 1 slice of wholemeal bread with
herb fromage frais, pieces of raw ap-
ple, fruit tea mixed with fruit juice)
Not only sweets: small pieces of fruit are ideal for snacks.
,
d
e
-
,
e
Three meals are not enough
A childs stomach is small. Children
therefore need a little snack every two
to three hours, i.e. between main meals,
to increase their energy levels.
Fruit and wholemeal cereals are rec
ommended, as well as plenty to drink
(water or diluted fruit juice). Every child
likes pieces of fruit such as apples, pears,
bananas, oranges, mandarin segments,
peaches, nectarines, plums and apricots
and whole strawberries. They also love
slightly sweetened wholemeal cookies,
rice cakes, pretzels and wholemeal rusks.
These snacks are also ideal to take with
Feeding 31
 l
c
M
m
i
s
b
e
y
e
D
g
o
y
i
e

E
A
p
r
Children learn by copying and watching how the grown-ups do it. m
a
you to the playground for example. And months you as parents will decide to a p
a slice of cake, some biscuits or even an great extent what is put into your babys o
ice cream are fine once in a while. This feeding bowl or bottle. But soon your m
should, however, be just that. It is all infant will become a little child full of r
too easy for your child to become accus curiosity, will increasingly want to eat in
tomed to these, then becoming reluctant dependently and also have a say in what N
to accept nutritious snacks. goes into his or her mouth and what does C
not! Certainly at this time you will need s
to be loving and patient, at the same p
time exercising prudence to enable you o
Food education your to assess the various learning situations m
and gently guide your child through this i
child learns how to eat process. a
Eating habits, taste preferences and, in h
particular, the attitude to food, are de Set a good example a
veloped during the first few years of your Children learn by copying and watching t
life and the basic traits at least usually how the grown-ups do it. This applies a
remain for life. In the first ten to twelve just as much to food preferences and dis t

32 Feeding
 likes as for how to learn to eat. If Daddy junkie avoid oversweet foods and give
categorically refuses to eat vegetables, your child the chance to get to know
Mummy drinks her coffee on the hop, other tastes. The natural taste of foods
most of the food comes from a can or without added sweeteners, prepared
in the form of takeaways, big brother or with loving care, offers many different
sister continuously walks around with a possibilities.
bag of potato chips/crisps and dinner is
eaten in front of the television how is
your little one supposed to learn how to
eat healthily and appreciate good food?
Do it right yourself and set your child a
Tip
Tip: if your child starts crying at the
supermarket checkout where all the
good example at least most of the time sweets are on display, stay calm and
of how it should be done. For many dont give in.
young parents the birth of their child
It can help if you take a toy with you or
is the opportunity to rethink their own
eating habits. if your child is allowed to select something
before you reach the checkout, e.g.
Ensure a good atmosphere at the table a special yoghurt or fruit juice.
A hectic atmosphere, scolding and com
plaining and meaningless conversation
Not everything lands in babys mouth.
ruin the appetite. A friendly, cosy at
mosphere on the other hand, and an
attractively set table promotes the ap
a preciation of food and this applies not
s only to children. It can also help to start
r mealtimes with a ritual, maybe a little
f rhyme for example.

t Not only sweets

s Children but not only children love
d sweet things. From the psychological
e point of view this means a taste that
u offers security, as baby started with
s mothers milk, which is very sweet. Many
s infant foods such as yoghurts, drinks
and infant cereals are, for this reason,
heavily sweetened. From the nutritional
aspect and for healthy teeth, however,
g this bodes ill. Furthermore, it encourages
s a preference for sweet foods. To ensure
that your child does not become a sugar

Feeding 33
Learning to eat splashing and
spilling has to be
Your child will soon be grasping for spoon
and beaker and will try to feed himself
or herself.
Even if most of it lands on clothing
and on the floor to start with, instead
of in babys mouth, try and stay relaxed
your child cant do any better at this
point. But do encourage it, as practice
makes perfect. A large bib, preferably
with sleeves, a wipe-clean tablecloth and
a second one under the high-chair as well
as a facecloth kept ready will help keep
cleaning to a minimum. A childs own
cutlery, such as the NUK Cutlery Set, will
help your child to learn to eat. To help
with drinking there are beakers and cups
to grow with baby, e.g. the NUK EASY
LEARNING Cup.
Food is not an educational tool
Giving a bar of chocolate to console your
child or as a reward is a sure way to upset
the childs natural relationship with food.
Your child will learn to relate to food as fol
lows: when Im sad, eating helps and when
Ive done something good, I get something
to eat. And this is irrespective of whether
the child is hungry or not. This message
becomes imprinted in the subconscious
and will be there for life. Many overweight
adults have such related problems.
Respect natures rule of hunger and
contentment
Everyone is born with a natural feel for
hunger and contentment. A child will eat
when hungry and stop when satisfied
irrespective of how the food tastes. The
portions will vary considerably. In growth
34 Feeding
phases or after physical activity the child
will eat more, and when resting, not as
much. Often the child eats so little that
some mothers become concerned as
to whether their child will actually ever
grow. However, this concern is normally
unfounded, as each child has sufficient
reserves. Let your child decide whether
to finish the plateful or not. If you keep
making your child eat then the natural feel
for hunger and contentment will be lost
and that will be the start of the power
struggle at the table. Not every whine
means that your child is hungry certainly
not with infants and small children. If your
child learns that every time he or she is not
happy this will be treated with food, the
result will probably be eating problems
or disorders in adult life.
Dont let your child constantly suck
at the bottle or eat when doing some-
thing else
Whether you are at home with your child
or on the road ensure you put aside time
for meals a start and a finish. Eating at the
same time as doing something else, e.g.
a sand pie in one hand, a banana in the
other, will encourage subconscious eating
and eventually overeating. Constant suck
C
ing at the bottle or beaker causes caries
and can lead to jaw deformities.
a
Cook together with your child s
All children love it first watching Mummy w
or Daddy cooking and later helping. Even e
very small children can help mix foods n
such as fromage frais, stir cake mixture f
or knead pizza dough; older children can h
chop up fruit and vegetables or cut up t
cooked potatoes for a potato salad. There
d
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r
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Children love it: cooking with Mummy and Daddy.

s

are plenty of opportunities to help. At the
same time your child will learn a lot, and
y without your having to especially say, for
n example, that a hotplate is hot and must
s not be touched, or explain what various
e foods look like, what they are called and
n how they taste, or that preparing food
p takes time, etc.
e
Cooking with children takes long
er and means that you can forget all
thoughts of perfection for a while. It also
requires much patience. But its worth it!
Your child will enjoy a meal more if he or
she has helped to prepare it.

Feeding 35
Last but not least
Dear Parents,
In my family, emphasis was always placed
on good food right from the start. To
this day it is important to my mother to
lovingly cook each meal fresh; we never
bought cakes from the bakers, nor did
we have canned vegetables. Even during
hard times and there were many the
principle was never to save on food! Today
I am extremely grateful to my parents that
they passed on to me this appreciation
of eating, both of the food itself and its
preparation.
This is how I have come to be of
the opinion that good food and drink
are an invaluable cultural asset and
worth fostering. Nowadays children are
e xposed to numerous external influ
ences from kindergarten, friends and
food advertising. Hectic hustle and bustle
everywhere and the constant immediate
satisfaction of all needs even food
seems to be what children want. Fidgety,
badly nourished and overweight children
speak another language and these are
increasing all the time.
36 Feeding
Eating and drinking means more than
simply satisfying hunger and quenching
thirst. Eating meals together can become
conscious calm points during the hectic
daily routine, giving the whole family
much-needed time to relax. The sense
of togetherness that your child experi
ences from eating with the whole family
is precious and just as important as the
food that is being consumed.
This conscious appreciation of food
is, however, only possible, if no one is
playing or reading at the same time or if
the television is constantly on, distracting
everyone from eating.
Dont let eating become a tiresome
triviality taking place alongside other
activities.
The time that you invest in preparing
and enjoying meals is valuable; it is an
investment in the health of your child.
With this in mind I would just like to
say enjoy preparing your food and bon
apptit!
Petra Fricke
Graduate in home economics, Consultant on nutrition and mother
 Imprint
This brochure was produced in
collaboration with Petra Fricke,
Graduate in home economics and
Consultant on nutrition in Hamburg.

Published by:
n MAPA GmbH . NUK Baby Products
g Industriestr. 2125
e 27404 Zeven
Germany
c
Tel.: + 49 (0) 42 81 - 73 - 0
y
Fax: + 49 (0) 42 81 - 73 - 241
e
Editorial and layout:
y UMPR Ute Middelmann Public Relations GmbH
e Mittelweg 111A
20149 Hamburg
d Germany
s Tel.: + 49 (0) 40 - 48 06 37 - 0
f Fax: + 49 (0) 40 - 47 86 63
g E-mail: info@umpr.de

e Photos:
r Dietmar Banck, Bremen, Germany

Illustrations:
g
Robert Erker, Augsburg, Germany
n
For further queries on NUK products please
o contact our NUK Parents Service.
n Tel.: + 49 (0) 18 01 - 62 72 46
(_ 0.04/Min.)
Or visit our website
r www.nuk.de

Feeding 37
 Food Table

38 Feeding
Easy guide to food
Foodstuff Recommended
Meat Lean, tender, non-stringy chicken,
turkey, beef, veal, pork
Fish Filleted low-fat sea fish such as coley,
plaice, cod, fresh or frozen
Vegetables Carrots, pumpkin, parsnips, fennel,
kohlrabi, cauliflower, peas, broccoli,
courgettes, spinach, later also
cucumber, tomatoes, peppers
Fruit Bananas, pears, apples, peaches,
nectarines, bilberries, raspberries,
strawberries, stoned cherries,
apricots, seedless grapes, plums,
unsweetened frozen fruit, fruit puree
without additives from a jar
Cereals, bread, Cooked fine wholemeal flakes of oat,
cereal products, rice, pasta millet, rice, wheat, cooked whole-
meal semolina, unsweetened instant
cereal, later fine wholemeal bread,
wholemeal toast and rice wafers,
mixed rye-wheat bread, wholemeal
rice and pasta
Potatoes Potatoes boiled in their jackets, or
peeled and boiled without salt if the
water is then used
Fats and oils Soya oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower
oil, wheatgerm oil, cornseed oil,
safflower oil, olive oil, butter
Eggs An occasional hard-boiled egg yolk
added to the cereal feed
Seasonings, Fresh or frozen finely chopped herbs
herbs and spices, other
Milk, dairy products Full-cream pasteurised milk
(3.5% fat) with cereal, proprietary
infant milk feeds, at 1 year mild
natural yoghurt or small amounts of
cream cheese, fromage frais, quark
Not recommended
Fatty meat cuts, ready-made dishes
from mince; cured, smoked and
seasoned meats, cooked meats and
sausages, offal
Smoked fish, canned fish, fatty fish
such as eel, carp
Flatulent vegetables such as
cabbage, Brussels sprouts, beans,
leeks, onions, garlic, pulses,
mushrooms
Exotic fruits such as mango, pine
apple, kiwi, tinned fruit in syrup,
small whole nuts and whole berries
(risk of choking), powdered fruit
Cereal feeds without any whole-
meal component, raw cereals, e.g.
uncooked cereal feeds, sweetened
instant cereal, white bread, coarse-
grained wholemeal bread, uncooked
muesli, refined rice and pasta
French fries, potato chips/crisps
Other oils of uncertain composition,
margarine, lard, low-fat margarine
Raw or lightly boiled egg
Salt, pepper, all spices in whatever
form, ketchup, mustard, cocoa,
chocolate, sugar, honey, sweeteners
Semi-skimmed or skimmed milk,
unpasteurised milk if not boiled,
sweetened infant yoghurts, salty
cheeses, tinned evaporated or
condensed milk
Comments
Meat is an important source of iron
and provides valuable protein,
6x weekly 2030 g as part of the
midday feed
Eating 2030 g sea fish once a week
improves iodine intake
Vegetables are an important source
of vitamins and should form part of
the midday feed, later on with bread
or raw as a snack, up to 6 months
from a jar
Fruit provides essential vitamins and
satisfies babys desire for something
sweet in a healthy way, pureed in
fruit cereal or milk pudding and later
small pieces of fruit as a snack. Fruit
should always be washed before
consuming and peeled if necessary
Cereals contain valuable satisfy-
ing carbohydrates; wholemeal
products contain more iron and
more vitamins than refined cereal
feeds. Babies are unable to digest
uncooked wholemeal cereals
Potatoes contain valuable protein,
carbohydrates, essential minerals as
well as vitamin C
As a source of fat-soluble vitamins
and essential fatty acids the specified
fats and oils are the most suitable.
Tip: alternate between butter and oil
Insufficiently cooked eggs can
contain salmonella
Salt puts a strain on babys delicate
kidneys; spices can cause indigestion
Due to its low vitamin D content
low-fat milk is unsuitable for infants;
vitamin D is necessary for process-
ing calcium, which is essential for
growth of bones and teeth
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 Feeding F
The NUK Guide on infant This brochure is the second
feeding was produced in publication in the NUK Library Series
collaboration with Petra Fricke, and contains valuable information on
Graduate in home economics and the following topics:
Consultant on nutrition Feeding babies from the 6th month
in Hamburg Milk feeds
The first solid foods
Home cooking or ready-made foods
Feeding tips for infants
with allergy risks
Food education