Primitive Divisor of Lucas

Existence of Primitive Divisors of Lucas and Lehmer
Numbers
Yuri Bilu, Guillaume Hanrot, Paul M. Voutier
To cite this version:

Yuri Bilu, Guillaume Hanrot, Paul M. Voutier. Existence of Primitive Divisors of Lucas and
Lehmer Numbers. [Research Report] RR-3792, 1999, pp.41. <inria-00072867>
HAL Id: inria-00072867

https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00072867
Submitted on 24 May 2006
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access Larchive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinee au depot et a la diffusion de documents
entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publies ou non,
lished or not. The documents may come from emanant des etablissements denseignement et de
teaching and research institutions in France or recherche francais ou etrangers, des laboratoires
abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou prives.
INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE
Existence of primitive divisors of Lucas and Lehmer

numbers
Yuri Bilu, Guillaume Hanrot and Paul M. Voutier (with an appendix by Maurice Mignotte)
No 3792
Novembre 1999
THEME 2
ISRN INRIA/RR--3792--FR+ENG
apport
de recherche
ISSN 0249-6399

!"#$&%' )(#(*$& +' ,# %-/.0 ,
1324658795;:;2<>=@?A25;:B:DCE2
FGH'CEI
46JEKMLNCEIOQPRCS2:UTWVXJY2
K65;G>4MZ[]\5BK6^_CEI_CE`àGbIO5dcfegQThCE24i5;j>G
TQ5BkYIJEKiKMGmlon
p,qsritNuv3wyxRzi{s|}u"~>||}ui~
uU~~t3E~|>u
@]u~"
8sS>8mu"uiquqsu{3bvwy8>ut3uNi>wy>ui
is usu qSd>0suiuY;q!>{SuqtNui{st3Eu9q9-s|}t |}|um||6-p,qs|

~}~8, ~|U~~S{'uqtNui8{st3Eu,|}qs>m8 s|t ||}>u"m|}|>i
AbY9
~|{suiuisui{uu6bsu{usm|q{b|{su"u6>S|{Smp,qsu"uib|{i~}|{su6,dt|{-~}>>|}qsti
Di,D;
] ;MS]M!s]Y!;M}
dM;; ;Mo6BodB B
M
S Y;]DoBBDi6Mo;M; B6}M";M]8BR!MB;b3M"BMa;
";M]8B;D6 M; B6M ]; B]M]M;MMM ;]! B]MbM 8 "!$#&%')( * +#-,-( ./'
0 821" 3 3 #!4( 56#*87%9"3 7: #( ;<
= & oM; RsB>boM6ob@? A )CBM 8ED#3 F7GD/%8#H( .I7( H
J M; B6 M "BM]8;M]KM ]; 9LoM sBB]MNMfB6O!])LQP
];B]SRM ?MT;B;oMMBM]o 8
!U VG*/7%W%<4-X!#-%'( -YW,Z%8#/,
+/V( ;W<
Unite de recherche INRIA Lorraine

Technopole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique,
615 rue de Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LES NANCY (France)
Telephone : 03 83 59 30 30 - International : +33 3 3 83 59 30 30
Telecopie : 03 83 27 83 19 - International : +33 3 83 27 83 19
Antenne de Metz, technopole de Metz 2000, 4 rue Marconi, 55070 METZ
Telephone : 03 87 20 35 00 - International: +33 3 87 20 35 00
Telecopie : 03 87 76 39 77 - International : +33 3 87 76 39 77
' ) ' / ! %
##' 9/. ' $&%' )(3 # $& +' ,
8>ss>{bsu"E8& >ss~u"Y;|rt u"{s>t3sumu!>,umu!uqst uiUN>]s,s{ m||u
|t ||] )ui|{s>Suit umu9s{s{sui{su3~|u9
u mq]|}>u3mu6U{s>t3suimu9!>8umuNuiqst u{Um||u
|t ||]
6 |ui9z6sui{bui~|{szi|}uiiz6b|}>{3m|q{b|u{{suiiz6b|}>{3mup,qbu
dt ui~|{szi|}ui"ui{
~b|qst uii

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
02143 14365 143 7o 143 87o9;:69;7<>= 9@? 3 9}BA 5 <Ao;C 143
:DAo
6 3E5 9 1436F5 3 AUD7G H
ooB
820 7o143 9;:143695 14I1 63 3 5F3 :DAoA8DYi7] G36M5H8= S9@? D3 J89)MA M5 L<N Ao;O C!M287oP Pi1436K
Q 9 9
RTSU i
4V U W
XZY [VVd V U U U +\ sV U ]
W ^ R+W
_
V U \ m >` U R+a
bdcMe f \ 4 V U gihjkVBN l` U Vd R.m
a 9 i V m n `D p oqrlsFgihjutv U k Vdi U +\ U R+]
mdw V a !4 V U ( ` cMe + \ s V U U +xE x V > XlX
yzcMe | { U )miis4 } Xlm
~~ U VF VF U i
p
x m V U l ` 0 e ( ` U VF U w U } WlW
9!%' a
"u$% !&)%&
||} sFjJEgit S~}>us|@|{buiuSqqS jg { j)g ua{{mDuiR|t u)|}>{~|{>u>u
{ jhIg |{s'bR)s{|]>xR|ui{-!>S| sFjJEgt {u su {su6Rqsuu6E{Sm|}{uibsu{SuN#"u$% !&I
l$./! !a
jvg)v
v v sj6gt j|g s !. t 4
" *. u%&|R|} sj6gt E~uis|a|{bu>uq9qS sFjngit {S jg u,{s{mD uiR>s|t u,|{~

|{bu>u{ juhg |R{s)s{s|}] "'uqtNui| sFjJEgt {uNmu {suNqu u6E{Sm|}{uibsu{SuN
" *. -%$.,/! !)b
jvg)v ||ms

v v sj6gt jvg)v
jfg v
j g

|

|

u >

u
{
U|uquiu!>)S| sFjJEgt |8~N !uqst uS|is{
v, sFjn
v |}
0|8
gt v |}
0|8uui{
!>9{ !uqst u {st9Sui ubs|}uA~>|i~m]u6oN{uuSm|}u6 t{mqs>i[ uiu'|Eu{m
E| t I !d8 >tNuiqsu{|usuiu6~
C NM!
$'&%6 ($.F
{'quRu6ui{>Sui)u"{u{buU{'{uR!qsu"~muiss~ut,EmU!>,{'uiqst u{st3Eu *

D ( ! 'E(I 4 !o

!u sFjJEgt Eu!>S|iWs|}t u {st3Eu | ( sj6gt |} m|}|mui v smmu6
{8m|b|mu sjfgt E v s |{{u>t {3qsu ]8uui~>|E{> v |{st9Sui
!. . > > !" #% " $
qsudt ui{su6,qMuR{s s|}t |}|um||i
|t |}~~~u sj6gt Eu3!uqst uU|is|}t u"{st9Sui |8( ,4 8 v sFjJEgit |} s|}|mui v
mUmui,{sUm|b|mu sFji g)4t v
% &

mI } R R D sj6gt |ASS|3{ qsu{"d~~}8Rdt

-|t u |-|t ||}>u s|}|>
v sFjJEgt |{{~}||8|Ns|}t |}|um|| , v sj6gt

(' )
p,qsu d>~}~|{s>s~}uit u6 A'qsuEu>|}{s{|}{s-v ;q0u{b "uiu{0Au6~}|uRut !o!qs>sq|}

sbu6U{Ruuit EuNuui8d>t9s~u6-
u ms~||~} SuiqiSEuiiu3>{su9s~Aqm~'|}t>|}{u3|}Euu{>~}>ui-|{
+* ",
q'ui{su~|] -
V U ~
.0/213546760.58:9+4"1;4=<>?.@BADCE@+F;<&8CHG@BF1JIK/L3ANM:8D3O&F/7CP/L3/LQR@ >"/LQR/S1BMRF+1T
usu6|ui~}
U & psj6g t
9624"11/SVSWX4=6S6;3YF/ZO&6[@B1 'sFjJEgt
\18D9]A^3YA_4:3\3A_4D3 v sFjJEgt
/S1`4a.%8:9B41ab[MRF\.@+ADCE@BFdceO4=/SFf%4=<>
v Fs jJEgtdc;A_4"1<NMeO&F/SCP/Y3Y/YQ=@ >"/YQR/21+M=F1$T
b[MRF
p,quS ui{su~uis~S>m"qsuu m|ui{u ,s|}t |}|um||sui>+*AAu6~}0 >vsqsu{hgY|}

t >{m su6q v sFjJEgit q>8s|}t |}|um||8d8 # qu{ jJEgjilk p,qsu3|s~8>u g
,m{u3u>u{ u6~}|u ; @0 8|u3qqs|R|REuiE>|s~u|}{u "m8 s Itsn8 4t J
{muEu{Smu{b~
qsut uu6s~}>m|{sui'Eo|}*qsp{rq@{m|ui- ! |}{&6",S

{ii tN|qu~8} >a su6-qS|} sj6gt |" & iR| q|i j6X g iHs qsu{ sj6gt q>"
|t ||}>u9m||dR0 4 |{u9qu I ;q
|S>{i|{st3Euq>U{ss|}t |}|u m|}|>iSqs|v |Rb|{ Eui
E>|}s~u@ p,q|)>u
u{mu6 qsuu6~!uqst u)|@ n bv4D buu' tD b!ut t QuqtNuia|} sFjJEgt
| 6 !=& |} jiEg)) ias @m uu~ùs]M s! D

D|~}~,Eu'{ui{s|}ui{b3uqsu'd~~}|{sAutN|{s>~}> i uiSu6o|}>u~uqtNui! | sFjJEgt q
q v sFjJEgt uiSu6o|ui~} v sj6gt R qS{sAs|tN|}|um||R|}~~@Eu~}~ui0KvE ! I ,"$% & u6Eui|ui~}>
" !*+, E8&o
mI} R X
D)( ' { sFjJEgit |-iR|}6Yqsui{!>Ud>~}~8d>t ut*>}> sj6gt |R{0Y muduio|}>u
!>,|,|{S>{s~||}8|8{Y muduio|}>u"uqtNui|6
{'qsuiuRutqsu"su|~}tNui{b|{su6uis~}{Eudt3~ui'd>~}~8 6 Bw
c'e Y s [V e Wm dxzy 0 4 |{ M=F

r3A&@+F-@}4FB@~<NM >@+VY@R93Y/YQ=@;F-@-460.%8:9B41;4<>P.@+ADCE@BF5O04=/SF1$T
p,qsu)|}|{|t3SqRt >u@t s~|iu6d{s>{mDu6~!>{"!uqst u!|i 8qs|{s8Su6YEu {s{

S>m"qu|}{b|{| m|b|i"{S0!uqst u3{bt3Euqsu{ j { g uNt s~
u ;w*u v4;
_ %*
!v >|{i {s~|}{iM9s|n mqs|{ ui~ suUqsu{s>{m;u m|ui{uR!Y muduio|}>u"i,{uiqst u,|

d>u muu6m|}{ {u Eu6o|}>u~>t sms~u~mu">{{b, > @ui|}>~

b]{s| 3{| mqs|{ ui~ m|
", %
p S*
I3 ;MBBMM Bo i6] BN ;]}M]oB] a ; ];M B)B)Uo6 9MB] M6aMaM- ];M6B];]

d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
p
s~u "
v
;

]
]
]
]

]m d nm

]

;(
]
;
]&n d

]
] ;

] m
]
]

n

n
|}3|}q suEu{m|{s >{ j { g @ q|}~u t |qui~@{ u6 |~}~}ds~sm6

|{s|}{S|s~}u>u~ut u{b
>st u{bimqs|{ui~ su~|uisS>{'suu'b>~,{u{Smu{uUqsu> xRu~}d{S , u,|{suib~}|}]o
d*
bu,, )tsupmqs|{ui~ "uis~9u

ms~||&qs|{s'qS3 s~&m'p,qs|,|tN>ui
o "*

N |}{ I !{ >>|{ I
m

!,

cMe I 0 >> , { MRF 3YAN@+F-@J4=F-@;<NM >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@}.%8:9B41;4<> .@+A C @BF5O04=/SF+1T
!u8MqSU{-|{bu>u0|-

& ( E ! |}
{s!>{{s!uqst uS||Y muduio|}>u {'q|
ut p,quut u6s 0>
= v K
DRqSuiu{0~>|~~ {s{Y{S-dqsu ]|t u9E|{buim

u ms~||}~'f bu, DYqui{btNui
o @RQ=@+FdWE/7<&3 @:@BF /S1J3 M3 4=6S6 Wr<&MR< >@+VY@R93Y/YQ=@
|{sY mudu6o|}>u'!>9{uiqst u |}"d> f mui fu6mui30~|}{0{

u ms~||~}>|}>u{s|{&{s>t

r*
|}>sq{>|}{uuib|{-@muiuu s th Sqs|q'|8ui|qsuR ~}|{su68u6>S|{!>Sm|u6>S|{!sUp,qbu

u6>S|{! m|}{uSquib|{i{'Suui~u6u Yui|ui~} d~|}{ui{b>m|uib|}>{q|,|N
u "!
qsu3d>~ ~uSdp,qsu9u6b|}>{Aqs|R|Rmsu9 , ui' oYqs|Rt ui{Uq- bu,Uuimui qsuNt|{ ss~ut

-p
S{s|u qss>qqEu~ui~~{s+ )t sm|}>{

7* Ho *
{ qsup,qsu uib|{uiS>{m|{s& >uuAu6>~}>ui|}{sqsu0tNuqsm )p 6{ b|{

mu u>u- b |q >t uRt mm;| S|{! o8 {Su6>u{uqud~~}|{sN>,s>ui

$# "*
cMe Y > .@=3 14D3/21dVSW &% $# 4<> (' # T('AN@B<f 8$O 3 Ml@):8/LQ-4=6[@+<9-@ bS1B@@aG:@+6[MIcf%4=6S6 >@+VY@R93Y/YQ=@
.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF1 s th.4s t6h

4FB@JMRV 3A&@;VYM=FC+* -, s l t /. 0 -, 1. 0 32zfIKAN@BFB@ , 0 4=F-@4/LQR@+<H/S</'N4DG6@65"T
.@R3 > 4
1+4:3Y/S1VSWE# % $# 4=<> (' !T4'AN@+<f8OX3 M\@7):8/YQ-46@B<9B@Rf:4676 >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@.@+ADCE@BFO04/7F+154FB@;M=VK3AN@
VYM=FC8* Bs . '
, . t6hs .
0 , . th92fzIKAN@+F-@s-,( 0t
0 4FB@4/LQR@B<r/S<:'_4 G=6[@<; T
p) S/S| sFj Eg t { sFj Eg t u $.I& ; %|} j hj g hIg p) !uqst u
|} sFj Eg t {S sj Eg t u $.& lU |} j hj g hIg - s>ui bs|M~}ui{bi|} u
= ?>
qM>u v sj Eg t v sj Eg t p,qsuud>u>{suqsuit |9YDmudui|u|}U{{s~0|}quqsu9|ip,qsu't u

= = iA@ . CB
> >
qs>~duibs|~u{bUuiqst u|}i

D>
p,qs>sqp,qsu>uit t |uit uU~su6)|,|{s,s| ~N~|}dmudu6o|uS{Suiqst u,|

~Nd,quiuR~}su6d>~}~|{s{'|mu6Nbui- Dp,qsuiuts
E
cMe R W DF <WH.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF M , /21 >@+VY@R93/LQR@Rf_4=<>E4<"Wr.@+ADCE@BF O04=/SF/S1 4=<0> >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@=T
I.
{ MRF iG@
#HBRf4=6S6bL8Ol3 M~@):8/LQ-4=6[@+<9-@c s ths th >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@.58:9+4"1NO04/7F+1z4FB@5MRV3A&@KVYM=FCI* -, . 0 -, . 0 920f
IKAN@BFB@ s,l0t 4=F-@4/LQR@+<H/S</'N4DG6@KJ:T
C NM!
t $'&%6 ($.F
p
s~uv :
v
]
]
7n]
] nzJn ] 6
]&n
]
]
w ]
w Sn] n

]&n
]
]
d
;]
w ]
]
w ]
7n]
]
Sn]
]Nn

]
]
] ;
p
s~u" D
v
K<

!7"
#
n !$ zJn $&%'$)( !$ #*dnJn $&%+'$,

n !"$

!$
-$&%'$)( '$. !$ -$/% '$0( '$1

m !$ -$&%32n '$)4 5'$, n !$ 687&9$&% 32n$1;: m
!$ z-$&% 2n+'$1
n
!$ 6%09$&%2n '$.?n m
<=?>"@A>BC=EDGF IH JLKM?N MAOQPSRSTUNVH MW3RSXRST+'K M?YZ$[K T3R#\'N J3H WH ]R#H MW3RSXRSTUJ+^
{ MRF iG@ . % I B-f

+ # 4676 bY8O 3 M @7):8/YQ-46@B<9B@+c
>:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@ .@+A C @BF O04/7F+1 4FB@ MRV 3A&@
VYM=FC * s. M
, . 0t6h.s . , . 0 6t h 2 fIKAN@+F-@ s-,( 0 t 4FB@ !/YQ=@+<H/7</'_4 G=6[@-_DT
uu'muio|}>{'9d>,qsu"s]@
U |uibu
ui{|}>uRt sm|{Sm>{su"
8>{]uisui ; )>{]uisu 4)q
> +

q|q'|8Su6]8E>|s~ubp,qsu>uit { qsud>~}~|{s u6s~}|}{'M>s,qs|8{]u6ou,,s|{su6

K
c'e a` #b MsFjJEgt
V4`.@+ADCE@+F5O4=/SF 0 > )sFgihjut
/21e>@BVY@$93Y/YQ=@}VYMRF~4<r/S<&3 @ D@+F f3A&@+<dc ( T
e uiu s t ]{sd,qu~muR~>|}qtN|Rqsu|qb6suiuqsu"u{S!qs|Uu6o|{!

c
p,quRt|}{-uis~qs|8Eu8.{ t)qsu{]u6ou + o

c'e R _ gf 0
Q=@+FdWE/7<&3 @ :@BF /21)3 M:3L4=6S6 Wr<NMR< >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@=T
p,quut > {S> N ui{uqsui ~ xS e V U ~

"*
p,qu8sbEp,qsu>uit# "|@~{s{ |}{>~ui Dau6>S~~}9ui~}|uiS>{qsuiM3tqsuit |){Nqsu6Mb |}>!

ui~}u6o>{s|t sm|{S qsui{uqsuu|}>sq @o@p,qsu"t >8|~ui-|8~|}{ ,& Rp,qsu"u6b|}>{,8 I

*. 4* 6 ! uM u u6o|}>{ osS|{s t uqmu>u~Eui'|}{ s ! D

h
ji "i t
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
p
s~u"
v 7
n en
/ 7n
n Ken

n +
I /(

;

!"

;

/(
% % < /4\n

%
% <

n
/ 7n n Ln

n (
m
; D-
+ /(
n

;Bn n
Bn -
+# : L m (
< 4 ; <
/4

% % /4\n
% <

%
[ S

; ^

%
<=A>S@A>SB =EDGF IH J K M?N MAOQPSRSTUNVH MW3RSXRSTE /K M?YGKTUR#M?N MAOQM?RSX K W3H ]R#H MWRSX RSTUJ !#"B $
!%" Yn $
$ $
" H J W&?R('8H )'NMAK*+*SH'JUR+,A- RSM.S* R."
H JLYAR'/ MARSY1j0 TUN23
54
7 6
6G7

87

" $ KMAY%" $ KTUR#Y?RE/ M?RSY7j0 T3N284 7 6G7 8 7 KMAY9 4 7 6G7

87
4 7 % B
: ; K T3R#YAR/'MARSY1j0 TUN2> ? KMAY/W?& R W3K)A@ R 4 7 7 7 ^
=< 687 87 C 4 ;

C 7; 7 % B D
U Aqs3uio|}>{mDbb u6o|}>{0>ub|uWqsuEu6H
{[ ui|{vm
qs|qui~}|ui"t|}{s~{qsu)>*0
bu,imu"uis~}|q>s|R|}qtNu|R~Lqup ;
F
F
D8q,Euui{ |tN~}||}~*{s{~{
3{ u
ms~||~} ui|}{ F E !,4; ssud{|{quU~|uu8{9>t s~}uusY|6
{qsut uUuio|}>{
u"qsQqsfqsum~}t ||}ui|{'uimui,ui{btNui|{sNYDmudui|u|>~}|{sN{stuib|{
{ muio|}>{ Ausup,quut>
q|qs{>m3Eu'AqsuN]|}>qbd,0{uibsui{uqsu
~}>tN||u|}>{{'quuis~,ui|{ vm

{ ui|{- )u"qsfq8|}U ui s>uRp,quut N>{s~dms->Su;duiuU~sui,
|
{ ui|{ uqsfqid{Y mudu6o|}>uR!uqst u,|} sj6gt qsu"bs|}ui{bH G gihj | ui~>u 8

E
|
s|tN|}|uY;q-b{s|]>@p,qsu"t|{~|qsum~>t ||}u|{

% B
{ u6o|{ -uN>m|}{'{s>{mB||~~}uEs{Sd oqr G v

>"'{uibsui{u ,Aq~u"ui|tu

d>R~|{suid>t|}{0]~b|qstmu3'su{bi |}>{su{Uuiuiui{ vs |{'~}|qb~Au {su6Ad>t

jt
{b|}{su6|{ |}>{su sEu{Sm| % )>tNS|}{s||}q9qsu,uis~}

qu muio|}>{ {3
u st |{s|{sUqsu>{>|}{su6
0U D*
d|{u m{|{)u|}{~u|"{st9Suiiu9su9p,qsu>uit dt{A~su6a|{0|s~6

Ù 9
d>8~~'bu;duuR . {d8~~s|tNu b
{ u6o|{Q0u muib|u-d>t >st|{fm]uiu|u qsu t uqsmsd{st u|~8~m|}>{ p,qbu

u6>S|{S,q|}>q-suuumuiu~Eui|{ s ;

{ ui|{ )uNsu3p,quut/> dqsuNuit|{s|}{ ms>Su;dui4u ,-ui~b|{sqsu>uiS>{m|{s

t
p,qsuuib|{,S|{sNqsu"t uqsms8sui|}Eui|}f{ u6o|}>{ m

p,qsusEu{s| 3mu s|u A|{su>3>{b|{-qsuu {ut u{bNqsuuis~}!su{b A|{su

Uuiuu{ ui'|f{ ui|{ s
U U U
* at
4 } U i U i uUu|{muimu6 s|u A|{suqm|{suibasau6>uii>u {sut ui{>)Yqsu

su{b A|{su 8uiuiui{ quut-{~}~ui @3|{~}su8qs|at{|m)){sSui{m| >saSuii
\U ~U
u'us~}u6ui&q{ &U~{ , >u6 ~)t ui{u>

s~}|Sui{bE|t-a8{Sm6 iu]98 |u| >@8{m u
U D*
mq|}{ iu~!{ t un { bui,d8|t3~|{sm|S|}>{i

* (o * *
C NM!
$'&%6 ($.F

!" $#% $&'$ (
u"u c)sjit d>,qsu~muR~}>>|}qst |Rqsu|qb
qsu~}>us|8{st9Sui j )uii~~Yq
0 0 0
csFjut*)
+ , )-./10 + , )- .3254r6o87 s6:9 j*9 t
quu , |N{{st3Euu~{b|}{s|{s j {&qust/s{S3>u"qsu~}|{3qsu ui~ , {st~|;iui
-u
ui{ qsu]{ |{.{s|}u> D>m|9~}|{R - D|u~~ {s{ {|}|~UqRqsu|}>q>;qS{
|mu|"|}{SmuEu{su{b9qsuqs>|u , D + ; . |"qsut |}{|}t~
l
*
s j t s; j t
E~{st |~ j >u Nq r=<?> s ; t )qu{ ;
X
, $ ,! , iak
$ $ $
k , ,
$
A $
)sjit
c 2B4r9 , 9 2B4r6,oC7 sE:9 j 9 tED Y
@ $ /

uiu v",I;u{'ui|{As4
Dd~~}8,|t tNu6m|ui~}d>t qsusu{s|}|{'q
sFj
c
>
git # sFjut) )c sFgt)F2B4r.
c sFjg
c :
t # )sjit) c s gt
c )sj v t 9 9 csFjut
c
p,quiu>o,|}~~Eu"u6qss>qss)qsu"Eu|}qmUSu6|~uduiui{u>

umu{u" oq6r$G qsu"s|}{S|~~su"!qust u{b q8|i IH oqrG H o
umu{u"K J3LMJUqsum|]{udN t L 9qsu"{su6ui,|{buiu6
% #
u"Pu O s t ,b{b||uRui|{qsut |~}| O s tRQ TS O sVUt t ui{ 9 S 9 U

ias
u"uqsud>~}~|}{N|}qst u|~Yd{o|}>{

#
W s t qsu">u6ui,|t us|}|>
|}Xq W sE4t ZY
s t [ s~u ds{o|}>{ Y
!
\ t ^]|}ds{o|}>{ Y
s U
_ s t qsu"{st9Sui8m|]|}{8s|}t um||
,~; s ( t ]{sd>,qsu">u6ui,t t {-m|}|>, { >t u|t uiiM>|>{md|}>{muRSuRqu
{|{ r`<3>>s ( t
-, 0 , 0
uA{S~muqs|u6o|}>{ >u|t s~u~ut tqs|q|}~~Eu u{ ui>t u|t uiN|}qs>mEui|~
-, 0
uduiui{u>
) R b ba .@=3 4=<> G@|FB4:3Y/M=<_4=6)/S<&3 @ D@+F+1-f j6g . 4< 4F$G/Y3YF+4F]W 1):84=F-@lF-MM3rM=V f 4<> 3AN@|F-MM3L1 MRV
c 8 c . da:T4'AN@+<%e
/ T 'AN@J4=6 :@G=FB4=/Y9 <&8CHG@BF G gihjX/21}MRV5>@ !FB@@}4D3C M13 T
/7/ T b r=<?> s fat P3A&@+< G

V /S1}4\F-MM35MRV 8<D/L3SWH/SV4<>EMR<D6 WH/SV
s fat i$@
>
s It > sE4t > s 4t > s It > s 4t B tB
/S/7/ T b ijiEg)pia
V h s T>&g r G ?4=<>X9 jh9 9 g$9b24<>?AN@+<09B@+VYM=F3YAi9 G 9 - c$T
3AN@B<
/YQ:T b VijiEg)pia h s 4=<>r`<3>>s fat ?3YAN@+<dcs G t 254r9 j*9 2B4r9 gh9 T

b < t /21;4 <NMR< F-@-46&.@+ADCE@BF O04=/SFJ3AN@B<^>g r G :fj9 G 9
O04F3Y/9$864=Ff/SV8sFjJEg 4=<0>;cs G t 254rk9 j*9 2B4r9 gh97T
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
(`Wp,quR{st9SuiHG{ G uqsu"b a c 8 s 8at c a @p,qs|,sui |

D r`<3> s at qsui{ Gh{Eu&b"s{s|}] qsui{f{ >{s~}qsu{ a { 9 8a&9 qs|q|

u6>|}~u{b,

#
?>
p,qsu{st3Eu jiEg uaqsu,

c 8 s 1at c Fa DSqsui3u{s{mDui~>qu{ j g) {S ji6g) u
t
t s~
u >{]s>u> u{u 9 jh9 9 g$9 { 9 G 9 D|{qs|>u >g r G qsui{ G >q|q|t s~|}u6 j g
z
'
e
>{bm|o|}>{p,qsuud>u >g r G
K
D>

|{~~}>S|} ji6g)ph { r=<?> s fat qsu{ a c 8 s 8at c a |Uqu3t |}{|}t~
E~b{t |~! G>u
o
ias k
o L

)s G t 2B4r9 a&9j6,oC7 s 254rk9 G 9 t F6,oC7 s 254r9 G 9 t 254rk9 a&9 2B4r9 j*9

c

p,qsu"~ut tN|8s>ui
Q
3 / a , (' '"
%'(
{-qs|Uu6o|{-uuis~|q-st|{ |}qst u|i~~ qsu ;
F , D FS,p,qs>q'|}Uq>,Suiu{ {s{
@~}u6|t s~||~}>~{s">u,ds{S3|{Nqsu8M|~s~u,~}|}uisu){t s~uu,sSY|}ip,qsu|t qusu6ui{b
L l*
ui|{'|, ~}~qs|>

s>st u{b)u~|}u6,sE{qsuuis~u u, I;sqs>snq bui,qs|t u~}uim|})qut9t9q'ui~|}ui
mqs>im{s~}!> v ; tN|quu~ }> {!uqst ui- v>Iv D
t

~ 4 Vd4 V U X R sFjJEgit .@R3 v

G:@l4j.@BADCE@+F O04/7FE4<> @ B 3AN@ 9BMRFF-@B1 OM=<>"/S< j1B@):8!@B<9B@lM=Ve.@+ADCE@BF <&8CrG:@+F+1T
'AN@B< %e
/ T { M=F~4=6S6 OM1d/L3/LQR@~/S<N3 @ D@+F+1 'sFjg v t "T
I%@;AN4!QR@
/7/ T b V "9 3A&@+< 9 v 4=<>fs v h t}>"/LQR/>:@B1 h _T

/S/7/ T { M=F~4=6S6 OM1d/L3/LQR@~/S<N3 @ D@+F+1 @ 4=<> I%@~A_4!QR@'s v t Q$< v3 T
$
/LQ:T b V4JO&F/SC @ >M@-1<NM3 >"/LQR/>@ jgsj# g)ItP 3YAN@+< >"/LQR/>:@B1 z T
$ $
Q:T b V4JO&F/SC @ >"/LQR/>:@B1 3AN@B< >/YQR/Y>@B1 h T
$
QR/ T b Vz/S< 3AN@O&F-@RQR/[M8"1/L3 @BC A
E3YAN@+< @D4:93Y6 W >"/LQ$/Y>@-1 $ h $
T
9 3AN@B<f @ 49$36 W >"/LQ$/Y>@-1

QR/7/ T b V
$ $ h $ T
QR/S/7/ T b V4JO&F/SC @ A -
E>"/YQR/Y>@B1-sjfgt 3AN@B< >"/LQR/>:@B1 /7V 3A&@+< @ 49$36 W >"/LQR/>@-1 T
/ 0T b V4JO&F/SC @
>"/LQR/>:@B1-sFjngit?3YAN@+< >"/LQ$/Y>@-1
/7V -
3YAN@+< @ 4:936 W >"/LQR/>:@B1 T
(` p,qs|| tNt uit t > E dt ID {s~#ui|}>{ 9 d>t |}ut || |{s
d>t~~/u6 u, Wm |} | bs|}u ~>|~ { ui> su v {suui_|}_ 6 4>,
"t
qsu{ v h sFjiv g)vl t6h.sj g t p,qs|3uimSui3quu|{&qsu'>uqu{ |3ms{

qsui{ v h sFj g t6hsFjngt @8|u qSbu, v uiS>{s- v qs|}~uqs| v q>"

iHk
m| Yuu{b8t ui{|}{sS
iHk
7p
!RM iM];!M]M6 !@M]6-
C NM!

$, $'&%6 ($.F
Y m X X .@=3 -sFjJEgt?G:@`4H.@+A C @BF~O04=/SF 4=<>$@ v Bl3AN@ 9-MRFFB@-1LOMR<>/7< a1+@7):8!@+<9-@PMRV .@+ADCE@BF)<N8"CrG:@+F+1T { M=F

4<WÒ&F/SCE@ <NM:3 >"/YQR/Y>"/S< j)g 3A&@+F-@e@:/S13Y1 4JOM1d/L3/LQR@;/S<N3 @ D@+F @ 18D9]A 3AN4:3 9 $ TK.@=3 @ G:@\3AN@e1C 4=6S6@-13 @ IK/Y3YA

3YAD/215O&F-M-O@+F$3SWT 'AN@+<
9 $ @ 9 @
4<>
@ /7V A 4=<0> 9 sjfgt

P
@ /7V 9;sFjngtE B
@ 9;s 4t;MRF @ 9 s kIt M3A&@+F$IK/S1B@4 ,B
b < O04F3Y/9$864=Ff/SV >:M!@-1<NM3>/YQR/Y>@ j)g 3YAN@+<
@ #
/SV uE>M@B1;<NM3 >"/LQR/>@ sj g)It I
4
M3YAN@+F$IK/21+@
4<>P/7V >M@B1 <NM:3 >"/YQR/Y>@ jg^3YAN@+<

'sj# gt 6v

/SV >M@-1<NM3>"/LQR/>:@
@ #
n M=F;# M:3AN@BFIK/21+@ I
( ` p,qsuRu
m|ui{uR qq 9 d~~}8ad>t |ut |o ||}|{ | %o@p,qsu DD|}t s~|i|}>{|}{
d>~}~8Ud>t |ut |}|R{@ qsu ;D|}t s~||}>{ d>~}~88dt |}uit |||sqsu6 U{ 8d~~d>t

$
{|ut ||}|,{S |}su6Eui|ui~}>

) ,
u u~u |}q Bo Dd~~83dt { |}uit | %9q qsu{ 9;sFjngtE p

u6]s~|q B oS)u"qM>uRsuqSU|{-qs|Uiu mui{Um||mu @ J @ qs |8|>b|iaUh>st u

q - qsu"s|{st |~Ydt3~
%
% %o
j g sFjfgt 6 4> iB
m|}{u r`<3> sFjngitsFj git m|b|mu6 {N|{u 9 sjgt qsu8~uis|a|{bu>u jfg |@s|t u, !p,qsuiu
d>u i ) |u~s
K K
sjfgt 6 4 > +

m|}{uRqsu"|}>qbDq{'|mu B )|,{sUs|}||s~u"b !sN|,qsu"~}u Dq{S|su@p,qsu~~ |,s>ui

\
p,qud~~}|{s]E~b{t |~@|}~~S~M |~>~}u8|{ quuibsu~;p,qsu a{suU| v s c t >quUqs>tN>ui{su>
m~>t |S>~}{s>t |~mu, K
v s c t *
6 52v c 2 iHk s c t
7

7
p,quui{{uR| v s c 't mqsu"qt >u{sui 6 !&=-m~}t
|RS>~}{s>tN|~>mui0
s c 't s <?4 sCH%h t c t Ms c #t iak
7
S%
7
p,qu] S>~}{s>t |~uRui~u6qsu|su{b|}]
v s c t v s c J c t
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! >
D sFjJEgt |!uqst uS|iqsu{
; jg { B

j g t
u|{S~Y|}{buuiiqs|q'|t s~|}u6q v sFjJEgt v s ; t d>0

bu, I;!ut t sMqsuiUqSqsu@s|}t u@m||>qsu@|{S~|{>u>u v sj6gt |dU>u8u6]|o|}>u
iak
{m|}|{Sp,qsud>~}~|}{3||~u|{|U|~Yd>qs|>st u{b

t t

s "9 t v 9;s v h t
% M
uqS~~{s8{suiuiqsud~}~
]ui{squ bu, ,u6s~}imm8{s~qsud~~}|{s|}t s~ui

~ 4 Vd4 V U X W ^ > mM -sFjJEgt v sj6gt 0

@
.@=3 ?G:@P4H.@BADCE@+F}O04/7Ff4<> 4PO&F/SC @ >"/LQR/S1BMRF M=V Bf IKAN@+F-@ :T
'AN@B< fzIKAN@+F-@ /21~4 <NMR< <N@4D3/LQR@;/7<&3 @:@BF$T
( ` M o Am|b|mu6 D,qsui{d>~}~8@dt @qS 9 |u mquu s t D

qsu{m>|{ M ouUqSM u v 9 v h v 8~ 9 v >q|@ q >|}{Nd~~8 d@ t 8@ E> ||}>{vm ||
o R

|t s~}|uiq 9 sN{bs||{p,qs|,sui)q @p,qsus>Sb|}|{'|,s>ui

K
2 2
%
U0u@uu6m8d>t9s~u{Ss>u
qsuam~>t ||}u|{) !{|}{buiui0 sm W s t W s h.s t6t
u6~~YqS W s t {sd>,qsu"t m|t~s|}t u"m||) o {-qsui)>si K
W s t W s t |}qsui||u qsud>t
cMe X _ ] VB Vd V U 4
sFjJEgt W s t
.@R3 h G:@l4=< /S<&3 @:@+Fa>/S13/S<93\VFBM=C # 4=<0> DT 'AN@+< 4j.@+ADCE@+F
v sFjJEgt 'sFjJEgit -4
.
O04/7F ~/S1 >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@}/SV54=<>rM=<D6 Wl/SV iG@ B!T F 621+Mf&4P.@BADCE@+FO04=/SF ;/21 >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@}/SV
4<> M=<D6 WH/SV sj6gt i$@
> > > >
# B$T
> >
( ` u"],d>tqu M U V ` ut u{b6p,qis~u80Su{' {-|{bu>u|db|{s

~
{ h h' #
{ sj6gt {'Y muduio|}>u"uqtNui|6

!u Eu0s|t um||9 &@E>||}>{ vm uqM>u @ @qsuiu m |{u |N{s
s|tN|}|u"m|| v suRqSMuR{sv u
qud~~}|{sNm|}>{
} Xo `
@ |}q Y iB
@ { 9;sFj g t v B ,
Dd>~}~8)d>t )~~vs vqSiqs|quui iB { v )qs>~simuRqSMu ",
W s t |}
I+ vmI
>8 |}
I+
('

pt s~uuqsu"
qsu {s~|} ui|}>{|8ut|{Nu6]s~|qqsud>~}~|{s
~
-
u s~m|b|mu6 v
vv
u>{|mui)]>u6mqs|q-uiS>{ iB { v omuiEuio|}>u~ ",

M]RBM]M] Y IPi]bM! ;Bo]B] 6BBR
C NM!
Mv $'&%6 ($.F
Y s R @ |q
{'qs|iu @ 9 s h t ui{u 9 v e
^ as R A
2

a>Sb|}|{vm ||}t s~|uiq u so~}Nm|b|mu6 v h v D@d~~}8{ dt Mq u

s>o~9s|}|mui v

2

^ as R { mui,{s8m|}|mu sFjig)It

uhqMu )~~ vmvm-qsui{uh |q k 8|ufq |u>u{ {

q @ 22 jg k6 4> s u{Su m||mu6U 8~}u6U{su"qsu{st9Sui { 2p,qs uiudu m|}|mui
e
n n
@~}u6{suSqsu8{st3Eu { D@d~~}8

q 9 >qsuu |}q { |s~6 9
) J
n m n m
a>Sb|}|{Avm |}| |}t s~|ui, q

u s>o~m||sui v h v s{S@ u">tN~}uuRqsu"
|}{s M v

%
=
n m $ 2
2
^ as R { 9;sFjig)tE

{ qs|iu SE{A |q U|{s|{m|{|{ Eu9q~~>uq u so~}-m||mu6

d> m @ {Sm uu6 9;sFjiJ g)It qu{u 9 sjg)It {qsu qsuiq{S jg k6 4> qsu{u

u so~}m|}|mui j g

H

|t |}~~|} 9 j g qsui{
u s~m||sui j g ,p,qs|Usui vv ,~|{

* 87 87 2
qs|8Eiu 6G7
Y s X @ { 9;sFji g)tE P
{qs|9iu _|{uqsu|u qs|q |3{s ~~}ui&0qsu'st m|}>{ u{u u so~} e

s|}|mui v b@>Sb|}|{Avm ||}| ,{ | %oap,q|,su6)qsu {s~|} i
iG@ #HB \
~
$
U_u6]s~|qqsu V ` ]uit u{bi@!u8Eu{-|{bu>u|db|{s {S sj6gt uiqst u|}8qq

~ [
v W. s t |}|}
44++ i
@
> > vB B ('
@ #HB
u"qM>uUs>u8q sj6gt |YDsudui|u>

> > > >
% !u -Su |t us|}|> v Dd~~8adt K
g v j v sj6gt v+
v
q v Sui~}>{s>)3qsut3s~}|s~|i|uRui{suui quR{st9Sui |}q @ { @ 9 {qsu{stN
Eu sjgt sFj g t ui{u m||mu6@ui|qsu{suUq>u >a>{su8qsuU{st9Sui sFjngt sFj g t
e
$
D m|b|mu6 |q #qsui{ | i{s{Sufhs|tN|}|u m||6&u~~&|}A| s|}|mui&>{su

5
$
qsu sFjngit sFji g)tE @

P %
$
D -s|}|mui qsu{!s vB om|}8| u6 vmI o {'|s~6 9 D qsui{ Ab|{|,{sNs|t ||}>u

s|}|>i D @ v qsu{ 9 @ qs|q'|tN~}|uiis mq 9;sFjig)tE @

N
$
%
p,qis|{{siuRi{ -SuNs|tN|}|u"m|| v @p,qsuquut#|,su6

P $, %
Y m X b
?F 0 >
<a/S<&3 @ D@+F /21J3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@~/SV 3YAN@)@):84D3/[MR<
v s; t W s t v i$@ B
F9 ; 9
> >
AN41<NM 1BMR6L8D3/[MR< 1 -s ; t iHk eIK/L3A T
( `#!u sFjJEgt SuN{AY mudu6o|}>u9uiqst u|i8p,qu{ j)g { jiJg) >|}>u3~m|{A v o )

p,quut 3 j Eg h )0ut t 9 j*9 9 gh9 ;

p,qsuiut 9 )sFgihjut S u{u 9 ; 9
}o
82
p,qu~~ |su6
iHs ò ò u c h e

d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! 6
(
{qs|u6o|{0)u9su9p,quut/> Eu u{Sm|}{qu >st u{bU>m~|}{ui0bfbu,|{ ;p,qsuiut s m
|~}>{b0i|}{&{uiqst u"|}"| Dmudui|u{&{!uqst u3|"| Dsudui|u>8~S!|}3|

\
u699>u|dNq,| s ( t |@dtp
~}usbqu{ Bs t6h.s M t6h |){Y mudu6o|uRi|})d)qsu
-, 0 * , . 0 , :. 0 32
u6E{s|}{sY{ |} s l t dt p
~}u9qu{ s t6h.s t6h |{YDmudui|u9!uqst ui|}
, 0 * , . 0 , . 0 2
d>,qsuu6E{s|}{sN
. .
Duit |}{SNqs q)da I. M uiSu6o|ui~}> % 4 @qsuiuUuU{s 3uibs|>

~}ui{Iu aY muduio|}>u"i uiEuio|}>u~muiqst u |)qsui,q{qs>ut u{b|{su6'|}{qsu"uib|S)Sq

iG@ #HB iA@ # B
{ q|ui|{ sFjJEgt |&!uqst u|i uAu'qsu {|{ sjngt a jg ,{ u mu S{su

s{|bsui~}' j g 9q

.
a
j6g . >
.

u"qMu
a ' vtB
r`<?>)s v at r`<?>>s v at `r <3> s at v>
s atMiA h @ > s 4t > s It > s 4t > s 4t B v
D
sFjJEgt |!>)S|,qsui{'usm @ jg . Nq

a
j6g @
.
>

"u tMtNuRq
@
us~|}{ sj6gt {u6>|}~u{b8S,S|is{uqMu
`r <?>)s @ at vB
s @ fatMiA h @+s 4ts. I tBB ",B

!u sFjJEgit Eu mudu6o|u!>"|6p,qsu{uiuAs|}t um||" m|b|mu6 sFj gtE 8 a D
d>~}~89d>t v3qS qsuA>{s~Sb|s~}u-s|tNu s|}|>N @ | m |}{# u @@ s)u-qMu @ @ qsuu

| {s>{m;{u>|u|}{buiuii&8b|{ vou'qMuu|}qsui a I6 4>, 8~S@|}Nd>~}~8"dt B

q s atMh Bs 4t4s 4t ui{u s ( t s @ at |,

>{s uqsu]N]bEuiUm|s~Mu6|{-p
~}u"s
",
i$@ B e -, 0

!u sFjJEgt Eu mudu6o|u uiqst u |i p,qsui{ uiu s|t u s|}|> a m|
|mui sFji g)tE s Fat s at D d~~}8d>t v> &q qsuh{~} E>|s~u_s|}t u #m |b|

n
|sus~|}{ sFjJEgt {&uibs|~u{buqtNui|}6!utMtNuNq ui{u

qsuu

n n n
e
|-{s>{m;{u>|u |{>u>u68b|{ v> o)uqM>u u|}qsui -> a _ 64> mn |{u a |}d~~8 n n
dt v
q s atMh +s 4ts It ui{u s ( t s at |a{su8YqsuU])]Euias|s~MuiN|{p
s~u8
'
e
D sj6gt iS|i
qu{ a @ ui{u s ( t s @ at |3,>{suqsu]) ]bEui
iA@ B , 0
m|s~M>ui|}{Ap
s~us

e -, 0
C NM!
i $'&%6 ($.F
!u sj6gt Su mudu6o|u !uqst ui_|}6 |}{Su s t &uui s|}t u m||_ 8a m|

|mui sj g)It s 8at s 1at ui{u'qsuA{s~ E> |s ~u-s|t u m|b| | uis~>|{s sFjJEgt

n
e
{u6>|}~u{b)!uqst uia|}6u8s|{ >qsuiuUu|}qsui "> a 6 4>, |}{Su 8a b|)d~}

~8dt v
q s fatMh Bs ItsE4t4s 4t u{Su s ( t s at |a{suUqu8]"]Su6am|~M>ui
' 5

e
|{Aps~uRS
iG@ B , 0
D sFjJEgt R!>|6qsui{ 8a |@REuduiabu>!p,qs|||t Sb|s~}uqu{ >Su6Su a |ms

D "qsu{ @ |msm{|} qu{ @ |uui{ |{u a @ qsuR| s ( t s @ at |

J

>{su
qsu]N]bEuis|s~Mui|{-p
~}u"s
-, 0
!u sFjJEgit Su Dsudui|uuiqst u|}6 )qsum~>t |R|u|}>{

Ko
s ats at iA@

>
>
B
quu
{

|{u | ,qsuds{t u{b~s{s|}U -
s . t suRqSMuRu|}qsui

a + a + sI
>
a a
>v . .
quu - { |N{s>{mD{sub|u|}{buuiiuis~|{s sFjJEgt b{'uibs|M~}ui{b!uqst ui|iut M

>st uRq
iG@ 3B
|}{ 4,{S |}{ >v B

u6>~}|{sNqsu"~|{suiu6b|}>{ 4{ >vs{|}{ Bomum|{mu6Eui|ui~}>mu|}qsui

+$( R( ( u (

$
$ R

. .
+
2 2
a z

. .
quu |qsuM
|}E{>|u6>u{us>
@ B
$ +$ $( $(

$
a
+
+

quu B |,qsu~|~)"u$% !&I =$% ( ! ;s!s>B)su{su6d>t
{ z $
v osu"qM>u |}{-qsu3iu +o S{ ' |{-qsuiu o e ui{u s ,( 0t s at |8{u"
@
qsu]9]Euim|s~M>ui|}{Ap
s~u"
o
!u sj6gt Su mudu6o|}>u uiqst u S|i p,qsui{ u >u s|tNu m|}|> m|

|mui sFjig)It # s at s jats [1at >v o>qsuR{~} E> |s~uUs|}t uRm|}|>a u {
#
m
Ko
n m m m m
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
uis~|{s sFjJEgt A{u6bs|}~}ui{>uiqst u|6Su9tMAst uqS s u9>m|}{ # qsuiu

{ uR{s>{m;{u>|uR|}{buuii8>|}{- v>m)uqM>u{suqsud>ss|{ m

m
& Y { a _ 6 4 > &Y

{ _
'
a 6
4 >
, Y a h6 4> '
>
P#
|{u . a m|})d>~}~8ad>t v q s > fat s It u{Su s ( t s at |!{suR!qsuds

]Eui8m| s~M>ui|}{Ap
s~u
' e -, 0
D sFjJEgt |Ai'|6Uqsu{ a |A Suidu6o >Su p,q|-|-|}t E>|s~u&qsu{ REu

iu a 6 4> s qsu { u_qSMu a -qsu{Su 6 4> sA{ *6 4>

qsui{ s D d>~}~8q |u>u{0{ @ uh tMu~>uh|f @ M|{s m{suh@ qs|iu m

' ' P#
>
|{ a s @ 4t6h s p,qs|3>|}>ui"|u qu ]3]) muEu{s|}{s0{ququ A "]bEui

e
z
s ( t s @ at m|s~Mu6|{p
s~u9 qsu{ uqM>u @ 8 a Squ{u @ f 64> m

{ @ f 6 4> |} m u"qMu a @ h mqs|q'~ui quR{
u ])N]Euii
-, 0 ;
P#
!u sFjJEgit Su{ Dsudui|u"uiqst u|}6 qsum~>t ||}u|{

Ko
s ia . ts Fa . tiG@ > > B

qsuiu J . {S . |{u
muRqMuR{suR!qsuR]9>m|{
|)qsuRds{t u{b~s{s|} - s . t
ia a B . . + "t
a a b
. . . . +
qsuiu - { |N{s>{m;{u>|u|}{buiuiiuis~>|{s sFjJEgt {u6bs|}~}ui{>8!uqst uS|iuRtM

>st uRq
i$@ 3B
|{ { |}{ b z t
u6>~}|{s qsu ~|{sui u6>S|{S {S |}{s )u m|{ a H |}{ u B

{ 8H a |{>u bo
qsuuqsuuibsui{u6 3H {S umu {sui&|{ p
s~uS Aui{>|}>{
"t
$
q H | b{{'> ) $% ( ! s{ I |qsup !#%&%F

> $% uu I Dss> ES
a @ B @ B U
$
v m)uqM>u u{u s ( t s at |,{suqsu]N]Su68m|s~Mu6|{Aps~}uS

@ B * - = @ B - =
o e , 0

{su9ui;| ui8|}t t uim|u~'q sj6gt s jJEgit u{Su s ( t u{bui8qsuN~}|{suNuiS>{m|{s |}
{>{s~|} s I .t u{buiqsu"~|}{suu6E{S m|}{
e , 0

0 ,
I
!u sFjJEgit Su I mudu6o|uuiqst u|}6 qum~>t ||}u|{ Ko
s a ts ia %t B
iA@
> > > >
# B
qsuiu { s m|}{u |qsud{st ui{>~,s{s|}9 - s t @{ |{u

qsuiu J { msuqMu>{su!qsud~~|}{sNd>sm|}>{
. . .
. .
ia ia B
C NM!

$t $'&%6 ($.F
ia .
ia . +
,B
ia i
a + I
a .
i a . + bv
quu -3B { |N{s>{mD{sub|u|}{buuiiuis~|{s sFjJEgt b{'uibs|M~}ui{b!uqst
ui|iut M
>st uRq
iG@
|}{ >,{ Ios{S - |{ { v

>B !,
u6>~}|{s'qsu~|{suiRu6b|}>{"{0|}{ >Bo!u m|{ { a qsuu 'u r
E{s >E vouiSu6o|}>u~s{Sqsuds8uibsui{u6 usu{su6'|}{Ap

s~u
$
v ouqM>u s t s ts It4s ts t i

|{~~}> u{Su s l t s at e
|s|s~Mui|{'p
s~u"
o ' , 0
$ $
'%' @ '

N%'("
M
/ %'.0 ,
{'qs|ui|{-uqs q8|}U uisup,qsu>uit N>{s~dms->Su;duiu{st9Sui,
D'|}~~Eu0{ui{s|u{b|}{bmmuSu6|~R|~Umu|}{{ qsu0u'"Sb|}|u0|}{buuii u
Eu])0Sb|}|u'|}{buuii&Ust u ]NqN |N{s Uqsudt uAMq (&D nI 9

{s|}>{ Y
> |}) 9 { qsu {st9SuiR {
qM>u3qsut u9uams0s|t uNs|}|>i {
t3E~ |u 4 sqsuu uRm||{o8ms's|}t u6 ~~}uil ){

0 )

7
"
p,qu{' |}{>{s~| 4 |}q

UQst uq8 m uMq8 | N|q

7

p,qisu>uSb|}|u|{bu>u|mt |{uiu|}qsui8{'ms-buBduuR|{>u>u,

~ V V U _ R .@R3 f_4=<>\O8 3
s t
h
%

+
h
/SV /S1e@RQR@B<lM=F /S1eM:> >
/SV /S1eM:> > 4<> /S1~@=QR@B<
%
s t -

/SV /21~@RQR@B<lM=F /21~M:> >
/SV /21~M:> > 4<> /S1~@=QR@B<

F 118CE@~3A_4D3 ^ 4
4=<> h' sFjJEgt
#

}4=<>)6[@R3 ;G@ ns j6gt
4=< 2 >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@ .@BADCE@+FO04/7FRT 'A&@+< /S1%4< >@BVY@$93Y/YQ=@
.@+ADCE@BF5O04=/SF$T
( ` {su"ui;| ui|t tNu6m|ui~}qU |u~s v s c 't v s c !Et {TW s t W s t u{Suqu

e
uis~},d~~}8dt qsum~}t ||}ui|{!

Y m _ X b V 4=<>
/S1)3 M3 4=6S6 Wr<&MR< >@+VY@R93Y/YQ=@$f03A&@+<l1+M\/21 T
Y m _ W DF > sFjhIgt
118CE@;3YA_4:3 4<> T b V c #^ VYMRF%4=<W >@+VY@R93/LQR@ .@+ADCE@+F0O04/7F sj6gtf 3AN@B<
/21J3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@T
(` ~~}8dt#@>Sb|}|{'{-p,qsuiut 9 u
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
~ 4Vd4V U _ _ .@R3 G@a4<^/S<&3 @:@+F 1+4:3Y/S1VSWD/7<HX# %
$# 4<>
h'
4!T 'A&@+< VYMRFr@=QR@+FdW
>@+VY@R93Y/YQ=@
.@+ADCE@+F5O4=/SF MsFjJEgtJI%@~A_4!QR@ csFjhIgt #^ T
(` ~~}8)dt#p,quut
cMe _ b _ /2154`9-MR< %e
>
'AN@MRF-@+C 5T e 1B@):8!@B<9B@MRV3A&@ VYMR6S6MIK/S< VYM=FC 4=6S6 WrIK@4 :@+F5411B@+F$3/[MR< z@=QR@BF]W?MD>D>\1):84=F-@ VF-@@
/S<&3 @ D@+F /21J3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@T
( ` Ust u3qu>umsbuBduu"|{bu>uR0 |U~~{s>{m mudu6o|u>{A>uqqs|qs>~s

d>uui|{buiu >m
D Y|Umt |{uib'{'msbu;duuR|}{buiui0 mmqsu{-|~}~{s>{mDsudui|u )>>~}~ vm
Uqsu|uqsumm,mss|t um|b| )mui{su
suiui&p,qsuud>u |m>t |}{u60

s|tNu'{st3Eu {s
u suiuim|{s& > b>{su'8qsu-{bt3Eu [ >u st |}{Su6 |

m>t |}{u6 u>u st |}{Su6&& |9mt |{ui {u>u mt |{ui& |
$
m>t |}{u6 3> u{u" |mt |{uib{su!qud~~}|{s {st3Eu

$#
" e
% . % %8 .8 8 . %
; R #
p,qsuiudu |,~~}{{m mudu6o|}>uR )>>~}~ {@E>||}>{S S

+
%' 9 * ! ( # %'
{0qs|u6o|}>{uNqsqRd"{0YDsudui|u uiqst u| sFjJEgt Yqu bs|u{b gihj |R
u ut u~ ~>u9-
s|tN|}|u3YBq'8{s|]>p,qu|"st u{b8>bu6> p sqs|}%{ uJ~
{| bui ;Ssm8qsu|mui
|{s { b uutSu"{sui"
+*
cMe b R sFjJEgt
G gihj

.@=3 aG@`4=< /S<N3 @ D@+F 4=<> )4< >@BVY@$93Y/YQ=@ .@+ADCE@BF O4=/SF T ;8D3 T 'AN@+<^3A&@+F-@

@ /213Y1;4 bS1/7<H6[@c O&F/7CP/L3/LQR@
3AaFBMM:3%M=V58< /Y3SW `18:9]A 3A_4D3
) 9oq6r(s G t?9 6 3Hh s t?9 j*9 v

%
% * B
H 3 2 t
/SV
IKAN@BFB@
H
s t
/S1%OF/SCE@$f
H % W s t /SV /S1e9-MRC OM=1/Y3 @=T

uii~~)q ! s t | [ s~u Nd{o|}>{W s t |3qsu-t m|}t~|t u'm|| U){ _ s t |Nqu{st9Sui

m||{o8s|tNus|}|>

(` |{uG |{s8!s{s|}]Mqsuuau m|
U|}{~uaY;q3!s{s|}] q"qS ) 9Eoqrls G t?9 % Hh
!u @ Euqsum||&Sqq |Ns|tN|}|u @ ;q's{s|}])p,qsu{
9Eoqr G 9 1Hh | "9 0sm @ ' 9 %
9Eoqr G 9 % `Hh | @ 9 "9
8{ P G i |q 9 G"9 {u"q
sh:H)t39oq6rG"9 # 9 G- =9 # 9oq6rG"9
!M;RMo M]o]
C NM!
$'&%6 ($.F
p,quudu |} 9 0m @ 9 ( .h 9G 9
>B
# # '
}| @ 9 9 sBh:H)t # 9G 9 #
U~Yu3{suiui qsu9d~~}|{s|}qtNu|~|mu{b||}u6YqsuM]aqsuit S ui|}{s'u~~ {s{{-qu9~U]

u6 su
z*
/ \ s h +t
s t Y / \ s h + t 254r s t Y
/

s t6h Y
/

2B4r 2B4r
s t6h

uu |qsu X]s|,ds{So|{! |qsu">{ {s>~ds{o|}>{ {
7 7
e \ s t U

s t aU
s t }|}|

h'
|{s~~Yq|isui{-ui|tu 9 v s G t?9 dt#Sui~} )
254rk9 v Es G t39 \ s h Bt2B4r G

/
v
2B4r

2B4r 254r

254rs t

/
/

/ H / \
*
2

87

$ v
7
2B4r

2B4r
7
254r 2B4rJ
/ /

/ H /

87

87

7 7
254rls t
/ \
* 2
$ v
2B4r
sR2B4rJt
2B4r

2B4r

/ / \
*
2
/
H / \
*
2

v

$ v
m|}{u0 qsuu6>{st M{s|qsu6 u>{>|}{su>muis~|{s @ |}{'qsu"~>],]st
7 7

J 254r

2B4r M s 254r t 254r
/
/ H @ / /

7

7

7 s t

\
h@
2B4r \
52 4r @
h@
;v/ 2 $

;v/ 2$
v3 ( 2B4r s t6h ;v3 2B4r *I ;v 2 $ s h @ tlhC2k254r#s :h H @ t

# v 2$ ( 254rls h @ tu s h @ t%h s h @ t) s h @ t254rls @ ht

# 3 v ( 254r
s t6h *I v2$ s h @ t%h92254r(shCH t
v 2$ ( 254rls h @ t) s h @ t%h s h @ t2B4rls @ ht
# 3 v ( 254r
s t6hj254r(shCH)t) s h @ t 2B4rls @ ht
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! 6
p,qim)u"qSMuRs>uiq

| @
# ;v3 "2B4r K254rs Hht %
| @ 0{|
254rH,F2B4r j254r
2B4r9 v s G t?9

Ns|t u{bt3Eu B L ,
;v ( "254r 2B4rHpj254r | @ 0{|

>tNE>|}u{st3Eu6
9
{ qsuAqsuiq{a{u-i{ ui>|~}u6]|}tu 9 v sE G t39 d>t Eu'|}{s0qS 9 v sFjJEgt39 W s t qsu

~}>tN||u|}>{
#
254rk9 v sE G t?9 254rk9 v sFjJEgit?9 s t2B4r9 j*9 !
254r W s ti s t s G t # I ! c L
254r s t # v ! L
Euiiu )s G t bp,qsu>uit 3
c
D qsui{ s tu 2B4r ;v ("254r F2B4rls Hht |tN~}uNt ss|}>{qs8qqs|U|{su6>S~|]
^ u
|>{>@ >m|o>qu{- >> u6~}~Yq8 >>p,quut u{Su @ {qu"u6s~}|

% ! G# 3
e
m|u6oU{uibsui{uR { 4
# $# $# o
Y , Y
Y Bm b X b < ; jg
3A&@P1+@=3 8O MRV"'AN@MRF-@+C
jiJg) !T5 O8D3 4=<0> !T:'AN@+< 3YAN@+F-@ @ :/213L1 4<X/7<&3 @:@BF
h r`<?>>s t B
1+4:3Y/S1VSWD/7<
% % L
9 ; < 4s8H%h ti 9 s t?9 jh9 ;v +

4<>
# - 3 L

|}{Su sFjJEgit |!uqst ui|i ; { u|{~E|{buiui

( ` U|}{s B { u uu qS 9 G 9 9 G =9 s t?9 jh9 ;v { |t |
~~} 9 G 9 s t?9 jh9 ;v |{u | s|t ||}>u YBq -{s|]>quu

u m| { |}{buui
t # 9

|d|}{s {q'qS <?4sCHlh t @p,qsui{

# 3
L
9 ; <?4sCH%h ti 9 9 ; 9 G G s # t

9

9 j*9 9 G 9 9 G

#
# s t39 j*9 ;v9

>,{>ui
, (" /"
('
)3
N%' ' )
{'q|ui|{')u"qsfqU{|{bu>u,|,~}~{s>{m mudu6o|u|}|}U|Suiui|{'t s~|iuimss8qsui
t |~9|}{uib~|}] {9|s~66uiui"msNbuBduua0 . {uiui"s|tNu ,|
~}~"{s{sDmudui|u
D sj6gt |-{_YDmudui|u0!uqst ui|}qsui{Qp,qsuiut |t s~|}u6q $4% u6]|}tu d> 9 oqr G v 9

qsuiu G gihj {-qsu3quq{ExRui~d>{ qsu>~}|{suidt|{]~>|}qt ,|t s~|}u6Uq ;

u6]|}tu d"qsut ub{b|}]'p,qsut|{&uduu{uNquu|qsuuiu{bEu, vm )!su{bi A|}>{su{

j
Uuiuu{ {|s~6@p,qsz>ritNu dt vm |u63~}u9ui|t ud9qsu'~|}{su69dt H 2B4r G

U
qsuiu 9 G 9 qs|q'|
u s~q,u{suu6
*
0 (0
C NM!
v
", $'&%6 ($.F
U{mds{Sui~}>bqsuRui|tudt vs Su6>tNu6a{{m;|}|~E{s~ qsu{ { uU |u{b~}~u>qs|q

t ui,|}8s{s|}s~}ud>8ssSbu6@8>su6bsuii s|u A|}>{su"ui~S> ui t uSu
m|}~}u">u|{
0 0 E
qs|ui|tu>suiu"p,qsu>uit# 9d>t qsusEu{m| @U8 {uibsui{uR|6suR>m|}{qud~~}|{s

"* U )U
~ V V U a R G , 9G 9
L
.@R3 G:@ 4j9-MRC O&6[@ 4=6 :@G=F+4/9 <&8CHG@BFPM=VJ>@ !FB@@ f IK/L3A "f GD8D3}<&M3e4lFBMM3JMRV)8<D/L3SWT
L
s G t ^9Eoqr G 9 Hh
.@R3 G:@P4=< /7<&3 @ :@BFf 4rFB@4=6K<&8CrG:@+F 1+4:3Y/S1VSWD/7<H # # f4<> 4POM=1/Y3Y/YQ=@ FB@4=6<&8CrG:@+FRT F 118CE@
3YA_4:3 c 4<> T 'AN@+<
9 oqr G v 9 s v U%

n t 7-L( v Y"

B % % D
IKA&@+F-@

s L t ,/. 021435769! 8 : ;< = > ! " 6 #%?
! "$#&%(' *) + -

n
s L t 1H L s L t 8H s L t 2B4r L 2B4r L

4<>aIKAN@+F-@\3AN@ ):84<N3Y/Y3Y/@-1
4=<0> A@
a4=F-@)>@ D<&@$>E41/S<:'AN@M=FB@BC F T5"T J:T
( ` uRtM >st u8q Hh oqr G H muis~>|{s GA |t s~u

>{]sbu|
{suiui>!@s #
{~}u Suqsu"{su6ui|{bu>u,N soqr G t6h:H p,qsui{A {S 9Eoqr G v9 9 H 2B4r G 9
G% % 0
{'qu"{s|{'p,qsuiut N)uqM>uCB { U u{Su

0 % 0 # 0 (0

e
9oq6r%s G v 3t 9 9 0 H /0 254r G 9 B D/% FE D; D

quuG |8muS{suidt 6v K
D8uit|{){s|uRqG # 52 4r
Y m a X sFjJEgt G gihjT L
L
.@=3 G@ 4< >@BVY@$93Y/YQ=@ .@+A C @BF(O04/7Ff(IKAN@BFB@ fX4=<> .@R3 1+4:3
/21VSW %e # # T 'A&@+<
H s G t
c
s t J I s L t
/ T { M=F~4=<W @B/Y3YAN@+F # MRF
! # Y Bt
I s L t s 254r s L Et t !C2 X
IKAN@+F-@
* s L t Y
sR2B4r(s s tEt) 254r Vs 2B4r )t t
n

s t K I sL t
b < O04=F$3/Y9864=Ff_MR<N@e46YIK4W 1 AN41
! # Y
H
s t Y B
/7/ T { M=F~4=<W 18:9]A 3A_4D3
!
n
s L t sR254r
s L tEt !
6,oC7 @ | Lus L t
IK@}AN4!QR@
)s G t
c # B t",B

t ;v ;v
Lus L t FE s B FE v % ME N %
v % FE9 N D FE
IKAN@+F-@
tsI

;v

7
B FE v % FE N
3
9

n
9
3
% n

b < O04=F$3/Y9864=Ff:/7V ! s t

n
s L t>sR254r
s L t6t ! 3A&@+<
c)s G t # Lus L t t>v
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! vs
(` |{s {S a|}q u"s|{
o !t
9oq6r G v 9 s t?9 jh9 ;v s t ;v # B 3

3 7 t
u6~~@q )s G t 254r9 jh9 o8~S|{s |q )um|{ 9oqr G 9 Hh |{u k s)utM

ss~@E>||}>{ }> )>t3s|{s|{s { m)u> m|}{

c "
Ht Y t
s t s G t ! s 254r t
c
# s s G tEt) * 2 c
254r2s 254r t F2B4rls s tEt +

n
t

qsui{su>u s G t @p,qs|sui ){ {uib~|}|ui ){ bv @d~~}f|}uRu6~~Eq )s G t 9

c c
p,qsuiut 9@p,qsu"s
|t s~uu>
Y t t,
Y" t ^
)>>~}~ sv9s>ui) {|mu,qsub{b|}|ui

?t
6 Lus L t { 6
I s L t
B

7 E ! ! n
p0Suiui sqsut sm|{Sut |{s|}t | u L {S I>uN| {s|}u-u9U~sui9 L! s> I u

ss L # @{Smu {su
Lu" s t 6 Lus L t I s t 6

I s L t t

4 73%

# # $%&$
'

|}q'qu{>u{b|{ Lus t )( |}qsu"t |}{|}t9st#|, ui{>u)qsu"uitNs]ui
"
sqsu6md>8 |u{-)u"~~}| u {'qsu"m|}t~~su" D s t I s ( t qsu{'quu"
u m|U
"*
s{s|>4u ,~m|{ +s t Nqsu"uib|{

S* %
!
` `
s t 6

s L t>sV2B4r s L t6t
! B t"t

n
{suuiquN|qbDq{S|mu |"{b|{smu6ui>|{sds{o|}>{0 !qs|q0ui{s ( qsu{ +*

{u{, "I s ( t qsui{ ,* (
tt
sqsu6 Lus t ){|muui>9ds{|{|}{ @| {b|}{s>9{ suiui>|{s >{qsu|{bui~ s t

|}q Lu" s 4t -( { Lu" s ( t ( p,qsuiudu
qsuiu@u m|,{s|bsu)>~}m|}>{ s t ,qsuauib|}>{ Li" s ( t

m|u6oU{uibsui{uR )~~ v9|

` %
?t
Y Bm a W sFjJEgt .@=3 )G:@J4=< G guhj

>@+VY@R93/LQR@}.@+ADCE@+F5O4=/SFf0IKAN@BFB@ %e fN4<> T 'AN@+<
/ T { M=F~4=<W s G t @+/L3A&@+F c s t I s t
# MRF ! # -T b < O04=F$3/Y98"624F
s t I s t ! b # t
/7/ T b V s t I s ( t
! s G t s te3YAN@+<dc # T
xR|ui{9u6~b{bt3Eu/ .)umu{su, 10 s . thCa 0 s . t qs3u 2b;q {>uu{b!squ,{b|{sSd|{u S{|}>{4 .

xR|ui6{ 5_ m)uss a.s . 5 t a 0 s . t { a s . 5 t a 0 s . t mqu7u 2|8mu {suidt a 0 s . t 85 a 0 s . t

z # % z
) a _
{ MRF~4<WlMD>D>P1):84=F-@ VF-@@ 1+4:3/21VSW:/S<
I s > t s t I s t # ! # t
4<>`VYM=F~4=<W
H1+4:3/21VSW:/S< jb 3J$c}MR<&@;AN41
a s <?4 sCH%h t 5 s tEt # s s tEt ;v3 tB

s t

IKAN@BFB@ 5 :9 ; N ;v3--T
C NM!
v>v $'&%6 ($.F
( ` p,qs|h>hs{su m|}ui t sm|}>{ |{s s>t {S quvm s>tN

t |{s ~}|s p,qsuiu u v {bt3EuQ |]d|{s o { |{ ~|] > {bt3EuQqu
,
d>t < 4 s Hh t uuA>{|muiu6 {u6 s t )uAui&>bmssEu'ss m|}t|{ [ s t |db

t t =t"t "tt
|{s s tu Lus s tEt s t Rp,qs|Rss m|}t|{->Ut smui 'qud~~|}{ssmuimsu uN

>u9~u m{>tNmuqsuuibsu{Su Lus Lus tEt b{>|}~EqsuRsui|}ui|{su6>S~|]qs>~p,qs|)~},Mm

# # " *
misu6A utNb] ui v>{MuiuIoUp,qsu3~>t sm|{~!|}t uN{ hu{b|}st a-v >

$
qs~A sMmi
Jt ,",

U_uu6m ui~}|qqu"t |}{-uis~},!qs|Uu6o|{!

c'e a b ?F <
MD>D>?1)8!4=F-@ VFB@@ /S<&3 @ D@+F 14D3/21dVSWD/S<
s t I s t ! B =,
/21J3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@T
( ` Ust |{s'qsu{b 0{YDsudui|uuiqst u"|} sj6gt p,qu{ )sFgihjut > qu|u B c

{bs| )~~ |E
# =,
{qsuRquq{b|}{Su s t I s > t I s t )~~ s |a|}t s~|}u6@q s gihjit s t p,qs|

?t
c
|u~s 254r9 j*9 s guhjut sEIht 254r 5 s t { S|s~( 6@d> ; jg uAqMu 9 ; 9 5 s t Qp,qsuiuduqu
K! `t #
c
qsu>
{b|{suido|}>{ uu>d|{{Su)}6I;sp,quut6N{0 )>{suq
#
#
h8a J a <?4sCH%h t J J ; < 4 sCHlh t J s t39 j*9 ;v

# <# I
<# 9
quu |8mu S{suidt )>>~}~ v9{
a as< 4 s8H%h t 5 s tEt a a sD<?4sCH%h t 5 s tEt

uii~~Yq J JR{Ssd,qsum|]{udtqsu"{su6ui|}{buiuii@
)~~ s | 8qsuN{st3EuR| Sui b oYqs|qA>uqsu|q |ui o- |{u9|ms{

bu;duuMu)qSMu B o )t3|}{su63|}q m4 qs||}ui~ 254r 9 j*9 )sFgihjut qs|q9{bs|p,qsu>uit 3

o Ht t =, t
c
p,quR
|Ut s~uu
t #^ u
p,quAd~~}|{s ~~ sui qsu0m|}ui't sm|{ qsu0|qbDq{|mu BNdms bu

duu >> |}~~{sSu"ui'|{'qsuuibsui~Bmss8|8>|}>ui,>t uR|mu6Em,qu]ui{sqp,qsuiut
=,
$# t
Y m a a _ s t
_ s t

f Q=@+FdWlMD>D>P1):84=F-@ VF-@@/S<&3 @:@+F IK/Y3YA ^ /21J3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@T b V /21;4=< MD>D>?1):84FB@
VF-@@}/S<&3 @:@+F)IK/L3A #^ 3AN@B< s %t
/21)3 M:3L4=6S6 WH<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@ s t @
IKAN@B<N@RQ=@+F BfIKA&@+F-@ /21J>@ D<N@$>?/S<
Ce

3YAN@}VYMR6S6[MIK/7< a3L4 G=6[@

b < O04F3Y/9$864=Ff @=QR@BF]WaMD>D> 1)8!4=F-@ VFB@@ \/21J3 M3 4=6S6 WH<NMR< >@BVY@$93Y/YQ=@=T
%- , )( ! % + %' /

N%'(! ( U ,
{'qs|Uu6o|{'umu|uRdt>st|{Ass]uioui|}ui_t uqsms,d{st ui|~>~}m|}>{p,qsuu6>S|{S
qs|qAmuiuu> uqS~~uqsuiu"t uqsmsd8~|}{sNqsu"uib|{ v o
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! v
p,qsu-qs|R{st u|i~8~m|{ |sq{b|{su-uib|}>{sui S &6 @qsui{ , >u { RM>
iu {sS> v43>tN~}uu~f~ui_ uit ] ui~}~"u6>S|{S p,qsui u6 qsu&)ui~}~} {s{>o-qS-uui
eu +* "t ô * û
~>u >~}s|{|u6|u0 ui&t~}~ M~}u,qsu~|{suidt s t 2B4rj 2B4rj 2B4rj

L*
qsuu j b j { j u-u ~}||}~ >|}>u{~u|{bt3Eu {|}{bui~,E|{> s t U|}{ ui

B E 0 0 0 0

qsu>~}>>|}qst | dt isqsu's|{su6'qbu >s{ ,sSuiUEs{S'd 6,o87sf9 9 :9 9 t , u8qs|

0 0 o "*

u S{m|{s 2B4rj h254rj |{b-{b|{sui d>o|{!Sqsu qsui'q 9 s t?9 i{s{sREu9t~~

qu{
0 0
{ s{ qsu'|}{buiui9Sui~}qsu-qsu'Es{ p,qsuud>uqsuAm]ut{s{sNqM>u ~>u ~m|{iqs|~}u

0 0 0

t~}~ R~m|{i{'Su"u6|}~ui{btNuiu6

0 ` B
p,qs||mui ,Umu>u~Eui'|}{A|s|}ui|{

uq S(bu|{su6Sp i{ |ssu uiuii{'t{qsuiUm

qsp,qsu8sm]u6o@Euit u8uiSu6|~~}3S>ss~@qsui{u{S]>ui{R{ 6 vI Ss>uiu6NE~{st |~~}

*
bs| 3~>|}qtdu {Sm|}{{ ~}t b]qui ,u6o>|}{R~|u uduiui3"a!!D~}>|qst |}{ qsu8uibsu~ o

p,qsu! ~>|}qst tmuR|},E>|}s~uN
u ui{qsu|mu6 , >u){ RMui{sEaN~>|}qtN|d>t)|}{quiu
+* ]
>Ut u|s~uiiqsui{ {b|}{su6-d>o|}>{8{ {sUSuNuiA{bt u# muu bbv>4 d>su|}~uiAsui|}m|}>{

o * Eu
qsu"t uqmqs|qsu"ss]uioU{'
u ui{|}>us|s~|}>sqs'Ai s
3|}9,9~u6m0|}{s|iu6|{qu|{>mmSo|{!qsu'tNuqsmU)p 6{ |9{su uuip b d9
u ms~||

ui~m|{8p,qsuu6>S|{S>u6 |}qt u t s|i|{S d>"qsus,p,qsuiut u>u6qsu

"*
e
t s~uu8~m|}>{9Sqsut|{N>s~}uit uibs|u6>~}|{sRp,qsuu6b|}>{Yui"qs|qmuiuu>qsuuqsut uqsms
bbvb u{s,u |u{bU{t up,qsu"t|{'m| s~}|uiUu
E E "
VMi V d p,qsu6uUtNuqsmsau6bs|}u8~uis|t sm|}>{ |{|s~6>tNm|{s"ds{Sst u{b~{s|

|}{ qsu m|ui'{st9Sui# ui~ 2 u~s@qs|qsuuu>qs|Us~}uit |R]|}~~
UEu>{Aqsu ||}u6
qsu"t mmu{-t ss|}>{~{st9Sui,qsui u,u 6vmvm I o ,
^ U i V Wp,qsu! ~|}qst q>,Eus~}|ui t{ )~|u6uiqs|}>qAm|}t ui{>|}>{sqs|q-|

ui~}"
{ uu"~ |}>,qs{q,qsuui{m| s~]{'EuR>u>tNu !>{su"{'>~}>uRp,qsuu6>S|{S

|{s {s~>{b|{buid>o|{S , u{ M>u{sE,s|% {S|}qm8|{~|}{3qsu! ~|}qst-

t E
)>{ui{s|{s9qsu S8m| s~]>m] s| Yuu{b8|mui>)uu"u6]ui|} { {

o "* au
E p L
VMi, V y Dqsum|uiR{st3Eu ui~{b|}{S!8s. ui~muiuua!~}u6

ui - qsu{9|
|
|}ui{b
>t smu"{s| {qu8~uis| ,|{'qsus. Su~

HE
:p
^ U k VB R+y p3ui~u83p,qbuUuib|{b|} ui@Nt ssu"ds~}~Y{ Nmuit s{muiSui{mui{>s{s|}

qsuqS{A mut#
ds{stNui{b~!s{s|}! |}{'qum|ui{bt3Eu8 ui~
E D*
U8>su>qsu6u|mu6u{3 |u{bAui~}|t |}{Suqs,u S3m| s~}]0|{ui{su~;!{S {m|{s-ui>>{s~u

|}qst d>{btNui|~>~}s|{'s|p,qsuuib|{,
q|}>q'muiuuut|{, q~~}ui{s|{s ss~ut-
E E
s{ui~}> qu {st3Eu u~ |u6 qsu uib|{ v | qsu 6 !& ;

F
;
v - s<?4Bs8Hh tEt mqs|q'qSqud~~}|{s9]) sEu|ui
=
- 3
VMi ~ ~ M p,qsu Su~

;v |Eu~|{ >|{S|s~6|} m|}|mui)|}mu>uiu s t6h qsu{
v q>)s. Su~
mu>uiu >u -
3 ! 3
^ U ~
~ M qsui{|s|}t u9Su6qs u u~
;v qR{ 6 F ds~~{ Amuit a|{mu
i
Sui{mui{>8{s|
3 N L D*
Ms Hh th -sVHh t s h s t 4t

# % v
~}~ui $ ;&-$.%o
:
C NM!
v $'&%6 ($.F
p,quudu"Eq qsu|mu6Ui{AEu9u6ds~~}'ut s~u6d8qsu3ui~m|}>{'qsu3uib|}>{ v o A>uiu6qu

] |suiubs|}u"|{muEu{Smu{bU{S'i{'Sut9s|}{uiuu |}ui{>~}>
;U
E
mI} m R ~}ui v I uiu'~v 3s>uiq |s~3s{|3d>t ds{stNui{b~m]ut dN b

p,q|~}~8{su ~uqu"t |}{-s~}uit d ui,
u } os|{s {s~qu"tNuqsm'8 I;
U "t G# #
$# # t
qS3d>~}~8| >{|umu6|m|{8qut uqsmuui&d>3qsuu ms~}||} u6>~}m|}>{Up,qsuuib|}>{i

D|t3|}{su6dtqsuAt uqsms { } ;,|}q t uAsm|}|{S~|mui> { q|ui|{ )u-d>s{ |}
t uqsmm>~}>|~~ASuuiA>{|mui'u{u~p,qsu uib|}>{ {0qsu{su bui|{)uqs qs qsut uqsm

,,>smui qsu"|~u6b|}>{ v o
`
u |u->{s~} &ui{su~,ui|u RqsuAt uqsmt |}|}{s&uiqs{|i~Umu|}~~| >u's|{suAsb

u ms~||}

u msu6|{d@{{biu8~~st ||{smu|}~{9Eud{N|}n{ ;+ ui|{ >|}{ |s~6MqsuU{{b c

7*
{ E ,u~~~}~Yqsu>{{b,|}t s~|}u6'b O s t uu ~}||}~m|s~M>uiqsuiui|}{

K&%
'%(
u >{|muiqsup,qsu"u6>S|{
s ; t
s j ; t ( 2
, B
quu h |N|{S~{st3Eu6 j {'~}>us|U{st9Suimu>uiu m{
- sjt
!u , Eu-. u~0
Qmuiuu + , )-. s u{su quNui~ut9Su6sm|{s> , {
, , 3,
s t 4s t qsu"|}, @ >tN~}u >{]s>uut9Su6sm|{s > 9q @ 8[

?u
@s z
s c t s j c t ,k+ c .D s c t s s c 't6t

2
i M+
Nq s c 't s c t s c t $
m R R ~ 4 V> `D s ; t
p'Sui|{0|}q!u6~~
qd"{ ~m|{ s ; t # |}q 9 ; 9 c quu9u |"u6~>{]s>u j
j >u - "Sqq
iHk
9 h ; j 9 9 ; 9 (v #

e uu c { uUu Eu6o|ui~}t sms~uSb|}|uR>{]{bi uu>bd,|}{S]{u Dsut t usmmui

|{ !ut tN}>} | Eqsuu
u ms~||8u u6|{S@d>,qsu{{>* c { uR|u{!
p

{>{uu9u st s~uiqsu{{> c |>u t~}~;!{S~m|{"|d|}{ 9 ; 9 c {Euui|~}Aui{bs

t uiui

#
>t{sf>{m)u '9ui~{]s>u j {'{S|mu~m|{S|d|}{ o p {-~~Yqsu"~m|{S

|}q 9 ; 9 c mqsu"smuissumu6|Su6'Sui~}QqNEu"uEuiuid8~}~ j B

p,qsu mui0>{]s>u j |E ui s6j t d">t u B 8|}{s'R|[{ ;) msuio|}>{0}>

um|{d>u>u>~}m|}>{ s ; t 4 |d|}{s qsu"u~|}>{

)iA@ 9B
s ; t sE6j t ; s t s t B

2$ ;' L =t

m R X cMe \ U 4 Vd

| "{'sm '
s t 7 s ; t % s j t

% s ; t 7 s j t

d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! v
Dd>~}~8)d>t aqS
s t
t
U~m@E>|}|{-sv >{buiui)qS

'
d>8Ns|}s~}uq|uR { uq~}~>st u |}{'quuibsui~B

% $ E&(

U ~u Su' uit
ds{st u{b~as{s|}9qsu S u~ , |{u 2
s ; t ,
quuu{~}
{|u~t{E>|s|~}|}|uid>,qsud|{~|sui~ s s ; tEt K
Dd~~}8q
s ; t \ 7 B
qsuiu 0 0 ilk 8{ \ Eu~{sb {s|}uupEu6o|}>u~ t sms~u u
, |{s{ b qsu
tS @{S*|{s qsuu6~@9 qsu~}>>|}qst-
)um|{&qsud~~}|{s uit -~}|{sui3u6>S|{S
|{ |s~}u6 0 0

2B4r9 s 3t 9 T254r9 s \ t39F2B4r9 s ; t?9 sE J t Y B,

/
0 # # ;'

su >s{st u|}>{ qsu~}|{suim]ut q'{s>{miumuut |}{{biW8ui~b|{sqsu0m]ut-U{

|{s Bosum|{ uiu ;s u6b|}>{ ,{ 6
u
=t $t
. 254r9 ; 94 L O 9 ; 9 s 0 t

I # # Y
qsuiu . {^ L uRui~{st3Eus{ A 3d>8>t u

[ b~}|}|ui B){ 4 )|}t s~q
'

v
Y ,
U 2B4r ; Up Y
qsuiu U 6,oC7>s:9 9 :9 `9 t 0 0
m X R 9. } U

Dd>~}~8)d>t aqS
g 4g B
g

7 Y
qsuiuaqsu,~uis|{bt3Eu g g Eg g Eg g {"Suui>|~}u u6uiu ~}||}~p b

|{s qsus|}{S|~~su! )qsu"~b|qst#{S|{s { m)us|{A 9 9 9 ; 9 qsuu
_ 7 % "*
7 % 7 %
% Z

2B4rg 1 0 254rg 0 254rg 0 z H

{ 0 z iak |u6 90 z 9 U U|}{s Y vsusu|}>uUdt#qs|q
% 9 9 Y +
qsuiu |{-u Eu6o|ui~}t ss~}uE>||}>u{{bi
{9qsuUquq{ , u !qsu>3|}t s~|}u6aR~)uiui|t u,d> 9 9 Equ,dt 9 9 U 4 s|mu6
p
qsuiu '|"u Eu6o|}>u~0>t sms~up,qsuEui {s{0A3>S{b|}|u ~su d |"|ui{&b ui

o "* '
7
{ qs>;~ ' ;b>uv i )~>u U bqsu~}uaui|t uUd 9 9 >{bm|o B

p,qs|)|}t s~|}u6q U U

p \* |o "*
qsuiu U |-{_u Eu6o|}>u~ft ss~}u ~uIE>||}>u0{st9Suii {Qs>o|i~t ss|}>{ U {_{s>u

, # }

dt uiu{'s|>u o
} p
~

ui
u ;% u6o|}>{- d,dsqu8mu|~
n n
C NM!
v
"t $'&%6 ($.F
m X X
4 V U
R{u
A|R-u6mu3qsu ssEu"Es{d U |}{qsu{b|}{su6 d|{u6qs{s|bsuii9p,qsu |muiu6
S 9 , u){ RMui{sS>2 v; u8d~~ D.sui|{sv"{S uRqS~~E>st uqS D
*
qsu{'qsu"u6m|{'||}t |~8{'t9q'|tN~}uiisuu Dlsui|{'vm

+* o "* ?u

|{u sut Mu~|}t |{u 254r 9 ; 9 dt 4s|{{u>s| 9qsui{

Y '

90 0 L 9 # 9; 9

quu {^LAuui~E{st9Sui{

9t mmuiu{S]{bi D,d~~8q K
U
254r 6

90 0 L 9 Bt
%

7
4
quu |At~~a>{{b6p,qsut |{s|}t9st |}{&qsu|}>q>;qS{|mui{&Eubs| ~>t smu6 >i
3~ui>]6
t |{sui% u S{m|{s |}{bA->{b|{buid>o|{ uun4Diu6o|}>{0S}>dqsumu|~!o us|]|i~~}>
+*
e
qs|t |}{s|t3t#|,t {s|}Smu U ( sqs|q-b|u~sN{suiQsSui8S>s{d U
t>{s|}mu 254rU

Du|{s,qs|!suimu>i>{sum|{i6 u])Bqsuiu]ui,u6{s~}u
ssEuS>s{Rd> U Mmt>{s|}mu

>S@p,qsuSb|}~}u RSui~}_qs|Es{-i{'Su"u6|}~u{st uiui uu, D%ui|{

A>uiuiim|}8{Umq6S|{At >8qu3>u6sui{st u|{st~~ |8sEu sS {muiui ,|}ui~

0 0
{sSui8Es{'{s{s~d U ssmd> 9 ; 9 >,)ui~}~;m

qsuRd>t
U 0

2
9; 9 # 2 6
90 0 L 9
4

7 %
quu U |NquuimSui ssEuEs{Sd> U [ {st u|}{qsuA>~}m|}>{N|]d|{s 3i{ Eu-m{su->u

bs| ~}>Su6SuqsuR|}>q>;qS{|muR a|bs|}ut mmuu ]s|i~~}> >+ouiSu6|~~}qu{ |)~u>
Y
p,qs|t uqsm'u6mo|}>{|}~|}]md|{{u> |8N|{~{st3Eu6uu4DlsSu6o|{' ss{}d>

+* Y
mu|}~ui-{S~|)!qs|U{qsu qs~>|}u6 o
t

5

% $ E&(
D9s{3m9q3qut uqsmmui|Su6Eu m|q~}|qb3t mm|;S|{i|8uqM>u{s~&-ds~~){
m]ut
|{muiSui{mui{>8{s||{]ui>ds{Sst u{b~s{s|}i
* D*
p,qi~u@{s SuUds~~{ 3muit Y|}{SmuEu{su{bas{s|}@Eqsu8ui~ , u{su qsu|}{Smu

N
qsuUss>>s u{uu63 |}{ qsuds~~{s|s! Da|@{saui>3t smu b" sm){suUi{ t]>u
* ;u 0+
|}"|}{s'qsu ui|t u @ d>qsu u~R)qsu Su~ , unu } m!v >I ou Su{ssEu"E{

0+
d> m|{suiqs|,,M p)s|i~~}> " |8t{s|}su E

$t 0

{u6' ))u"qSMuR{s
0 0
s ; t 4 \ 4 s t

7
q|q'|}t s~|uiis|}{S]ui 4 qsu"u~|}>{
0
h30+ A 2B4r9 ; 9 L O 9; 9 sE # # t s% t
e uiu{'Sui~}Qqsu3|}t s~||R{S]{b,|{-qsu"u6b|}>{ 8uRu6b~ qsu9uiS>{mu{b8>{{b,|}{ ) o@
sqsuii
Uh90+ 254r ; Uh30B sB t
quuR{ U 6o87s0+:9 0 9 :9 0`9 t
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! vb
m W R 9.} U

{u6 ))uqM>u
s t

4 g 4 g g

7
D 4 qsu{!,Eud>u>s)u>m|}{qsu"|{su6>S~|]
'
9 9 " 4 %

0

2 s ;t
qsuiu{s
254rg 254rg
"2B4rg 0+ H 10 0 10 z
U>|{ , >u |{suib~}|}]|t s~}|uiq U U mqsuiu U |U9~uRE>||}>uR{st9Suii

D 4 mqsu{ oq6r 8Hh sqs|q>uqsu|}q { vos|t s~}|uiq U U
Do * #
p,qim|}{A{bu U U ) 6,oC7 sRU fU t {'ui~t ss|}>{i U |,~~}t3q-t~}~u,q{ U @

30+ Y #
# }

m W X
4 V U
|{s
90
0 L 0+=9 # 0"
+ 9; 9 "
0+ 24 s! t
um|{

Uh "
0+

2B4r 0+" 254r 6 90 0 L 0B 9 s# t

%
7

4 4
4

p,qsu3tN|{s|t3st {-Su3bs| ~}tN|{s>ui'|{s qsu9 m|}t iu {|{S~!@uu, b4!d8qsu3su|}~i)p,qs||tN~}|ui 7
{suiQsSuiS>s{d U st>{s|mu " 254r$U >

+*
8 u3dui ~~}>])+)|u|{Sm>{sum|{ U U qsuu U |,t{|mu " 254r "

0
U_uRqSMuqsud>~}~|}{NsSuiS>s{d 9 ; 9

# 0 0
2

9; 9 # s 0" t 2 6 90 0 L 0 9 s t

7 % 4

4 4
7

p,qsuN|}>q>;qS{ |mu9 8|Ru-t suu ]s|~}~Bo{SAquN~m|{S|d|}{s i{ EuNui|~}

ui{btNuiu6

+ -( ((

us{'Nqu"sp,qsuiut {- |}ui_p,qsuiut |8ut|{N>uUqsud~~}|{sS

t
cMe y R ,f
Q=@+FdWlMD>D>P1):84=F-@ VF-@@;/7<&3 @:@BF )14D3/21dVSWD/S<
> s t I s > t G# M=F ! # Y"
/21)3 M:3L4676 Wr<NM=< >:@+VY@$9$3/LQR@T
C NM!
v $'&%6 ($.F
)>>~}~vm m|}8| |u{b qs_qimd>uuiq'mqu"uib|}>{

o E
s < 4 s8H%h t c t

s <?4sCHh t c t 2 iG@
>
> W s t B B
7 "7 %

qsuu

;v9 -s!< 4 >sCHh tEt UqSR{s->~}m|}>{ s ; t |q 9 ; 9 3p,qs|>m>{suN|{sqsu t uqsm
sui|}Eui|}{fu6o|}>{Am%o)ui~}_)uqsfqs_qs|t uqsm'>smu69qsu"|s~,uib|}>{ Y Bo
p,qi( { ms bu;duu"|{>u>uU |]d|{s Y" oU|{m|u6A|}{ ui|{mSu3qSMu"qs>u
t~~ 0s.S u~ ,
#9suuu @ + , )-k. mUuqi|{u
hC- |-Eu~|{8d>u6q @ m||
|{s +
)-. ! s t6h mqsu u~
qS . u~'mu>uiu @
u'su {su6&qu ui~ , {>{s| ui0qsut sm|{S3|{]m|7pEuiui{>NMmsuEu{m|{s0{qsuqsui3>
{ ! s t6h q)t~}~ Rm||s|>uqS{ pNEu"sui|um~u
. @ B B ",
Euqsuu9U~~ams&|t ui">uqu3|}q muui&>|{m|ui @q9| suiu6mui {S&qu|uqu

>su|}{s |8{s~;)!u Eu"qsu9t~~ui |}q uiSu6o8 qs|8>su|}{s+ ,m|b|8 s th dt qu3u
h \
p,qu{')u"qM>uU]>u6 Y s {S Y s m
! ,
#
I (=
u"qM>uUqsuium|}>{
s|}|mui
s It6h d>8>t uR|t u 9
sI
m

{
s

| t "
u m
}
|

|
>

,

| I
6 4 > S

{ '

8

~ i
u >
]

{ R
u
| 6
4 > P >v `
{-~}~s|tNu"m||,
u 6 4> S
B
{ >u sIfqsbuqsu t~~ui |q q|hsEu]{ ss @ p,qu x~}>|Qs qu
Su~
- sf< 44s8Hh tEt ui - |m~|)qs|q tNu6{Nq|}q>N&|}{~u-s.Su~Rmuiuu @ ui -

^
u"~u , Euq|8s.Su~

{'u >v~u EuRqsut ~}~ui)|t uRm|||]d|{s k6 4 > { a qsut~}~uiquqsui

|t uam|b|s D a 6 4 > qsui{)uasm , - a D a _ 64> qsu{
u s~Rs|}|mui s ath

~ P
{)u"mu {su , >qsu|{s~u"s u~'

mu>uiu >u -
z
P . .
!

m|}>{ B ){su>u,mu6|{-s8t sm|{S
}
|{uqM
u ui~ , |Uui>>{~} t ~}~ ou3>tNmu6-qsu9s{s|}>>ss>uquU|}q qsuN~8|{s

qsu9~}>|qst qst{s{m )qsui{m | | ~}||}ui' m

iI DY|}t s~ut ui{>ui0Uqsu !ds{|{

Y

DsmmSuii|{A|s~iSNds~}~
{ 'mut |{muiSui{mu{bU{s|Uqs-u Su~ ,
qs|q u"{buu6Eu
5o u lu d ,
d{st ui{>~s|}{su8>st ui
qsu8>u{sui~}| u63|ut{{qbEqsui|i u,qsu{ui9qsu sds{|{

D*
ui|}dqsuuis~}

s{S{Sm||}>{s{~}~ qs|U,qsuqSmui8Uqsu9t sm|{S Uuq
qsq )uu8s~usui~S|q{s>{mBd{st ui{>~m]utY{s|)mui|Su69|{ u6o|}>{m )uUq~}~Em
qs||{ u oY|}ut|}{qs|qs~Asuduis~}u3'u3ds{Sst u{b~muit i|{u3qsuuiS>{m|{s~>|}qt
s{|{s;| S{b~ u6
o
p,qsu"u uiuRqsuEu|{s{s|{sNi msuio|}>{Am v @|,>tNmu6mu6t E>|}{3qsu|mu6~ s W t |{b 3smm

!s|}t u|mui~ Eds{|{
o>u{st u|}{9~~Yqu|mui~{s>t W m{Sui|{s3qsutd,Sui|}{

|{|~ ds{|{

!

" #BoE8~}ui{|ui~}>~~qsu6u,uSu)>>sSu6|{Nqsuds{|${
!
%&! >
p,qsuRuU Eu6bs|}ui)mu {s|{s9u6b|}>{qsu ui~ , D{Euu6|}~Nt smui|>{su {s8i>|}q'

|u{bsui||}>{s~~>{]sbu6,9>u{sui> , ui - Up,qsu6u"i{'Sud>s{d>t qud~~}|{s ~}uit t
~
~*
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ ! v
) y X .@R3 G@j4(18 G7F-M8$O MRV nsk h kt M=V\/S<>@ @ 4=<0> J 3AN@h9-M=1B@R3Y1 M=V ?T F 118CE@
-Ji
$~
<?4 s3,=Hh t s
3YA_4:3 T 'AN@+<

/
# # @ 4t
!

4FB@e4=6 :@G=FB4=/Y9 /S<N3 @ D@+F+1~MRV%>:@ F-@@ @
f9BM=< $8C4D3 @JMQR@BF I-}T

(`m|}{u - s>{suq ! mqsuu ) v {-|s~6 u"~u|U|}{buiuii 2
]mui{b|}d s 2h t |}q o82?-s t%hC- b * s * t @p,qsu{ o82 - s tlh8- ){S|}|ui~} {
ei K

{ s|}~| uiUui>qAqut- u{Su u9{]sbuui - ,m|}{u o12?- s t(hC- |Sui~}|{Eui>q

Yk k ,
$~
e
>u{suiui)qsut us.Su~ , , - s t {'S|s~6 , - s t

$}
pqsfq , , )uuqsud>~}~|{s9>u{sui~Y u|{!

K

$} $}

.@R3 G:@`4 3 MIK@BF M=V @

N@B6>1\M=V;9]A_4F+4:93 @+F/S13/Y9 R@BFBMfz4=<> 4118CE@?3YA_4:3 jXi :@+<&@+FB4:3 @-1 MQR@BF
0T 'AN@B<

+
3YAN@}<&8CrG:@+F+1
q! !"
2
sj t sE $#
# # + )^. t
D@+<N@BF+4D3 @ MQ=@+F T
p!s>uqs|iS{s|u3q |U>u{suiu6>u bqu9u |}ui{bqsu9t |}{s|t~

S>~}{s>t |~! j ui
{qsuiuu |}ui{b{Eu"u
msuiui',E~b{t |~|{'qsu"{ st9Sui B)|}q-|{>u>~Yu |u{bi@
E
U_|}U|8ui t s~uuqsu

qsu3~}uitNtJ|{u q
&% s t dU{b su
E E
qM>u , -2s t , Ss>,{bui

i$@ B , iak

$} 32 $}
p,qi|}{ uu{ui>|~}&>t smuqsu-~uis|sA{suu6muid3qsutNuqsmmui|}Eui|}{ muio|}>{

qs|q'qsuiui{-Eu"u6m|~ss~|ui |{ Ds|}8>s~}|uit9q~ui,
u st s~uiims > o

* K(=('
{ qs|)>uuUmu {su qsu8t |}{|}t~Ems s|}t u8m||a s W 4t6h >quuW W s t |qsuUt |t~s|t u
m ||UU|uq@ @ {suiui-{s8Euuib~ |}{-qsu u Rlsqsu6um uS{su , ,qsu3|}{s>~}us.Su~

&)
muiuu @ ui - Up,q|qs>|u , |~}~Eu"t |ui'|}{'qsu"~>]sqsui|{ vm
)o
u qsu"|t >sq|t

* ) s h W t h * o12
&) hC-
Yk k @ 9B

* + )
< 4s8Hh W t,* <?4 s =Hh W t >
,

3,

p,qsuss>>s -& * |}{s

u @ u6E{Ssa|{ a. o12
&) h , S
y X R / U Vd, S ~ U f
{"qsu >u iqu ui~ , |s~u@muiuu ~ui>] {"s~>u@m||t |}{{b

p,qs|!t >uiqsut ss|}>{
qsuR~@ {s{|s9qsu )Sqst{s{m )qu{m U| | ~}||}ui@t uqsmui9s~}u6>tNu>>{
o *
qsuui| Si|}>{'~}t >qsEu~uii

eo u ?u d
e)uiu6u>u{N|Yqsu8>tNm|{ "muit Eds{t u{b~ss{s|}auiut|{>>os~uu8{t ssuui

u6|}~ muits{s|}!ds~~{ Ym>m|}{su6 |{sNqsu"{t
qsu|}s~,s{|
&)
D* *
0 oM]];] sBo@M]oaMBo8 5 AEA K21 9

: 5 9}J 9;<7<4 3 6587 9;:=<>
9
C NM!

, $'&%6 ($.F
) y W { M=F%@=QR@BF]W , i * 3YAN@ 4=6 :@G=F+4/9z<N8"CrG:@+F

9 )sRH , h W t6h s H h W ?t 9 A@
$/21IK@B676 >:@ D<N@R>Df4=<0> s t ! " $
/21 4rV 86S6%F+4< 1]WD13 @BC MRV /7<0>@]O@+<>:@+<&3)8<D/L3Y1 M=V~3YAN@ (@

N@+6Y>
&) T { 8"F3YAN@+Ffz6[@R34,!
, , i * G:@P4H1 W 13 @+C
M=V0F-@]O&F-@B1B@+<&3L4D3/LQR@-1%CEMD> 86[M - fD4<>

2 s tT 'AN@+< s t
%/21 4 V 8"676FB4=< ?1]W 13 @+C
$
MRV/7<>:@]O@+<>@B<&3
8"<D/Y3L1}MRV 3AN@ @&@+6Y> , T $}
( ` p,qsuN|}{SmuEu{su{u9@qsu |u~~} {s{->oiuu3d|{]{up Dp,qsuiut vm D|}t s~|}u6q

d>8{|{bu>u
L* J
! @70

B

A
/
0

2B4rk9 )s H , h W ?t 9 / D 2 0
0

s-,Ei * t "tB
!
!
D8|,ui>uiuRq +

s t 9 )s-, 0 H h W t6h s 0 Hh W t?9 mqs|q-|t s~}|uiq
A A
9 s-, , H h W t39 D 9 )s =Hh W 3t 9 D
-, b
! !

Uf~u

7

$}
8 7 Eu"9suEu{mui{uu~|}>{dquR{s| s $} t U|{s b o)uRu|u8q|>

$}
/
0
/ 254r9 )s, , Hh W ?t 9

!
quu ui{u
0B 0 /0 $ o@p,qu"~}uitNtN|,s>ui
e 0 0 $ t
u~'{suiui-t ssuNqsuu |q&s"qs>|u9aquSu~ , @qs|s>s~ut |"t s~uu~Au~|}t |{ui

{Smuu6qsu,s|t u|sui~ s W t ~~t | u6|}{
&) sE < 4 s8Hh W tEt &) >{S3qsui{u8~RtN|;u6
~~}

32
|{ , > s< 4 sCHh W t6t )p,qbSsu{' >u" quu 6 s<?4sCHh W t6t ap,qs||

$ *
@ B
q |{qsu u )uqsbu , >"-s u~

&) n {s u q"qsu>{]So|{quu,|}{suEu{mui{b
2 2
{s|,dt#!ut t i{'Suss~|}u6{s. ui~'

d>8{s|tNu Am||s|}{s)
Po

y X X SU xS M V U e i m V ~ !4 V U . U L Kx

p,qut ss|}>{~~~|}t |}|{s ]u)qsu~>|}qt s @ ;

{Su qu~uis|9{st3Euqsui0s'|
{s{!m|,|{u|{sNquRt| + 254rk9 s t?9 . mq|q-|,|}t s~||~}u6bs|}uimui|u|mu{b|] I ad>t o
t
uiiu8qsuRuiNqs|qsui||{{suiuimu6|}{qs|)ui uU{suiui {s { L Nui9qs|qsui||{

* ,

d>qsu)uiso|}>{3]uMs3Ruiu~qs>{m||}|{qua]i4u M{qsu)Au ut u ~~u)m|}t ui{|{3mqu

o \*

t| |{9u|{9iui 3R ||s{sui~|]|aRu|qbd>,xSu~|}t |{|}>{ uqMua

u ms~|}
qsu"|s~,dt
qut| t |}{ d>t qsuoqqs-u ui~'|8Eu~|l{ )mu|}>u"Nt sm|}>{~~}

{d>t9s~3d>,qsu"|{uiut|
) y _ @
.@=3
G@ 4 L D< /Y3 @ 4 G@B67/4=< F-M8$Of /L3Y1 > 8!4=6 F-M8$Of|4=<> 4 Q-46Y8!@R> V 8<93Y/M=< M=< ?T
~8D3
+ Lus +
& tu Lus tE. ^>g ! " $ s t=Lus t;4=<> + , .5IKAN@BFB@

G T 'AN@+<
2s +& ts s t 4t
/
'
9 9
Lusjit sjit
,

oBM@oBBommBM@M]BoRRB)6;]8L R O M]8
d
@

!#"$% &'&(") !*+, -%$.,/ !
( ` ud~~ qsus,su6ui{bui&|{k D
!ut t v d>"qsu 3,qsu~ut ts-u Euqsu
> uiou D~sui ds{So|{S { qq s t mp,qsus o{ b{~|{!
t
q8| s lt s c t s "c t Uu {su qsu"~}|{su6{dt|}>{ Lus t

c c
c c
umu S{suR]) >u6, @m
%u
9 9Z
s; t
+
9 9
P 4&g q g
p,qsui{ + dt#N|d @Uuq
p,qsu{s>{m;|}|~q>oui){ dt#N|,
ui|}>u{u6oa
@ ' 3B

sc t
/
Lus t s "c t s / Lus t s tEt s c t

Nqqsumuuit |{{b8{|{b>uuR uu6>t smu"|{'qsu"S|

U ~}u-qs qqsu0t| | 3]S]'qsut| "qu0ui{mt >sq|t |}{_qsu| 9 u
@ 9B
t smu
sc t uL s t s "c t uL s t s c t Lus+j t
s c t
/ / 7
8 /

Lus+%t s c t / Lus2+j t
s c t / sLu2s +j ti Lus+%Et t
s c t

L
L
p>uqu,|q'qsut sm|{-!qu"u|u{~su6S>uqs|,>ui)qsud>t9s~3d>,qsusuuit | {{b6
{su ~uis|}~-u|;uiUq 9 9 s2+ t u6~}~q 9 9 9 9 R{S s s2+%t It
u{u
&

s2+ ts s t 4t
e
s2+ t s+ t

'

/ /
9 9
LusFjut sjit 9 9
Lusjit sjit

/ 9 9 /

p,qs|8{~}suiquR]

uQSu6 quQ~ut t |}q * h - o82s , h8--t {|}q#qsuQds{|{ L mu{ui>{ quh>u$-

Lus - t / 2B4r9 )s H G h W t?9 "8s~}|{s'!ut t SE>{su9i{ |{uiqsuNt| + 254rk9 s t?9 .
4 {
-, ,

t smuqu9 !{ st9Sui A {K L U{md{u~Yu>u{Aqs|t sm|{|U~{dUqsuN~

u
@ R p,qu]
7
7 87
t|{-u6{ad,qs|8uRqsud>~}~|}{
VMi bqsu"s|ui)| qsuEb>ui,| , >u )S>s{ U bs{Ss>{u6bsu{b~bqsuqs|}>qsu>> |,uibs|ui

d> {T L {qsu)>@ uU mqu{ @ mu{uuisuitN>uqS{ >3mu6|t ~m||})d,Eq
o *
{ L

^ U 9{sui{ uud>t o
qsu'u{b|ui3qu|{b>uut | u>|}>u{9t 9 @ ut
sqsu6 { L qsutu~u63ust3 @ uit9|}{>~}|{s-quu{b|ui3qu|{uut | uu ;

[ b|{ BE u{um|{>muia' S{ . > L {suRqa >t smu>m|qu buit u~qs|}>qsui||{9sss~u

e
{su6]ui-st s @ It uiti
t

su)Eui|~d>t sqsutNt{si)u)t {>uiUu u6

U|}t s~ust uiti d u,t |}
qsu9mu|}~Yqs|qu"||~!ssR>uuiqs{s|~B@ U{mds{Sui~}>Y)A u"d>s{{s,M@ |}t s~|d-qsu3u msu6|{
u

d> L @p,qsuud>u>mt ss|{s qsu"{st9Sui L |qsu8~ui,ui'!qsu~>|}qst-

{'|}uiQ!q|imqud~~}|{s |t s~}u">uM|{|,ui~}~|{su~s~}u
Eudt qsu"uiso|}>{m{su{suiuis
{s A {F L >{s~d>3] m|]|}{N~}su6
uqsui3|}q u6{s~}qSsSui9E{&d3qsu

ut|{s|{s~}su6 qs|q0i{Eu ui>|~}->m|}{su6% op,q||b|~ut A~~}ui-SYd>R|{{u>Y'u6mu3qsu

*

t sm|{|t ud t uq{A>

*

!

I ^ M& ( (= (

!"$#&%&%')('*+

,+-/.0%(1'32&'4#&5&5'1,!687"#&%9;:<7", 9; 9 >=?5&@')9A6B-DCEF/GH7/,ICEBFJGK/$/@>L-K=#(MN=A
@@>'),$2+
%NOLP
3Q<R TSUWV 3XYZX&[\S]^YK_`X&[0UWa
b 5
,2:<,7"=c2&'AdLe9L-B!%&')')9'*9N:<7",!2&'`(17/%2%B#&')9N:<,+"(f27/%g'h5/%>7"%7/:i@'1=?=ADCj kG.B2&'I2+7
2+/@l(7"=;5#2+
27/%/@
2+>=?'D/m,7"#&n/&@-o7/%&'g-/'*
,p=A"(M&>%'q08
,+')9r7"%st:<'1vu&w^xyw@>2,M"uB58
,M(fpMdq
%9{z!|czH')%"2+>#=??7/:^}
,+>7"#;(@7B(M~
5'1')9
&'`%&n/@'}L/@>#'IB)B.&:<7/,33&J(MD'"9N2+7?2+
~"'
.B2+77"~N7/%'&:2D7
:Z2'2=;'6B-N>2+'1@>:
@>6&,M
,+- Kx7/2'I2823>%|!/'2/!5&,+7/6/6&@-A%&7
22'

&'5&,+7/n",+/=c!"3,+>202')%D>%|4.&
%9#')9q2&'
,+n/2$(M&7/J('"./0%(1'3'9J9;%&7
2$%'1')9?/%-m05')(18( >p:<#%(f2+>7"%m'1h(1'152K2+&' p9=?'1%>7"%
@&i
z$,+7/6/@>-".
'(17/#&@J9
(17/%J9'1,M
6&@-m5'1')9?#5A2&'I(7"=;5#2+
27/%C<6B-qFBE" q.
/()(7/,M9%&n277/#&,')02=?
2'*+G.">:\.B>%02'*/9C7/,$2+7/n"'2'1,3>2G
Hi.!';/9t#0'*9@>6,+/,')^L}B>%&ng05')(1/@H,7"#2%&')4:<7",^2+&'?7/5'1,M27/%87/%}/'),-D@J
,+n/'`87"2+>%nq57/%"2MI%#=6'1,M
&
C<:<7/,%\2M
%(1'/.:"\2=#@2+>5&@J(12+>7"%t,+7/#2+>%')MGf.l#(MT"^ 7/, # mw%:<7",02+#&%2+'1@-/.l!';,'*
@>)')9D2+&7"%&@-3&'1%o
#&602+/%2J
@58
,2^7
:H2'm(7"=?5&#2+
27/%^/9/@>,+')"9-q6'1')%t(7"=?5&@>'12' b 2282457/%2).82&'2=?'!'(7"#&@9t\2+>@@i8L}/'
n
%&')96B-N#>%nm2+2@6&,+/,')9J9g%&7
2K\#8\2+:<-q2&'`"9&9>27/%/@'7/,2,+')#&,+')9q:<7/,3,+'13,+2+>%&nm2'5&,7"n/,M
=
x^7
2'2
2K2&'^/@>n"7/,+2+&=,+')"9>@-9J02,+>6&#&2'))'1}/')%;:<7/,$>%&n"@>'3}/@>#&'37/:K.B9>'),')%2$}L/@>#')K7/:(1/%?68'32+,'*2+')9
6B-q9&'1,+'1%2=A/(M&%&'*7/%(1'42\!7;,7!7
:Z2'>%B}/'),+'I=?
2,+hL}/'I68')'1%(7"=?5&#2'*9
T'm"(M~%73@>'*9n/'2+&'m#&5&57/,247/:$I^|0ut
%9i')(M%&+(M&'w^%&}/'1,M2M2II,M
".83&7q~%9@-
@@>7!')9g#
2+7?#0'2+&'1,(7"=?5&#2'),3,'*07"#&,M(')2+7?(17/=?5&@'2+'2&'`(17/=?5&#2M27/%8!9&')+(,+>6')9g%2+&J30'*(f27/%

< l
f
`q&M v
i1
f11 " "
!"$#&%('*),+-).!/0 13242465

7 89;:-<9>=@?BADCE9F?GIHJA;:-HLK ADCEMN9>OP:-HJ=D?RQ6ST<U>=PA;?R?HVQ3WXHJYR?HZ:-HJ=[>A F
\ Q ] "^ ]X`&_ SJacbd X&[\S]Q
{egtwfiuh &j kmfiln|qjRhoqvp`fJf~hsuvr-f{}tc|quvtwtuy|xz{fi|tc}4~wfip| }4Zunp`fi|{ln}u;~fio3hwwjRj ok }u;kwwj jRkmo p`fV}4u>yfihfi|;u}ht4uvt43hvf{|~tww}|hv;{(If
N
rqvfi|f k }4uv o }|fJ`tw&hfJunhfiwfi|{Rhvt4hq~tw&t4R4f{uvf| }4~h lyr-fJ&v`tw&fZhv}hc j k yL}uP j o ywRh
* j kjRoi v- V j kw&j(om-
-vfJ>}uD|f{&v~ht4 {g{
c ygnvX k o( q 0 0 k(k 0 oo k oD 0-& L` y &RP D 6 > 6w

m o m k k o&m
J q gq{ kR` `-
( k o 0&4V 6w &-m&P
s4 j Pw j m; j
V n v0c

j k j o
km k L
oR! kg " o4
#$ o % L &
n4 ENn4 y4 k0 o{ L '(
) 6
+ * n w R + * - ,/. 021 354769 8 :;o 8 {=o < 354?>@ 8 :;k 8 m=o <=A B L CD

|Ef{fiO|fccr-4f4{lvtwur &fJ y&fi|Z}4h~~g2f fmFsy{vt4{;fVvh~vHf GJfZIJt4m~}~tm&rqfw3uvj >k & ~wJh&}4uv}|`j(f{ocuvuvJ}>t4{Rtw-;7P{~t4Kf |GQ{;}4~f2wfi'p| t4}4- niun p`fi|Vt4;tn~t4uvfwM LN|t4-f{t4x
c gn v X S R &(v jE[Z ( y{ * T V jnZ c 06 \wZ {ZR&v L j 6 6 y &n n 4vV Un ` 4 j W U &;Y X
N k ^ ] o wj L _&
R 6 U k ` o L0&4` y& # 0& wj3m4 ; cRjR ` 3a 6 mV 0&46w L c(
b
y d *
4 k J] o k o o k
eHfhg(i"jk^lnml Do/pq2o Wr&sut kvlnwWxj/y+z{lnm j/xvxvi2| o/s i}(l xvi}~5` r l pnr l jk^}(ik[xuj q2o/ i2l x t j q w o xuln~ p i$|l xvgxug&i j/x o xvlnj @s x p i o }
w r k^wJj s i s j/y;xvg(iw(kî s i xw o wJik @ l pnr
o/tt iw&x s y r&pnp kî s wJj (s ln~&l p l x"ySjk o/pnp kî q2o l l m[l (o/ttr k o/t lni sK
i to/pnp xug o x+9 s x o } s ySjkxug&i o ~ s j pnr xvi p jm o kvl xvg q l t g(ilnmgxj/yxvg(i o/p mi~(k o l t Wr(q ~Jik s ii r ~ s i t xulnj `nK
/
k

( 0&4V6w Uy d

4 k k k # L &
( 0&V34 6@v6Ld` wRv 6

4 ,/. R k o L
(
d 50 m Ro o k k o N k
, ,

k J ] 4 w ]3
021 y& w w k B
. *
R6
k w 4 w k

&mw@Z
E k L (
) 6 V 4J6 w y46
w y o k oR w d w P4 - . 0 km o % w c!(
fJ}~&t;t4ph }u@hvf tw~~trquD;t|\f Fsv&fi|&x |fiu~J I|f{&v~hm
. 3yv # "* j* 6 ;' . - )*>`RiP 0&% $44 & `w wj 6{n`/>&` ` k n6D ow 6( m d & (
) wj ]+* `d ` ` &, 0
's J ]
&46w
U 0 6(y
321 b J ] ; j(4 3 . 50 mn k o d o
5 5]3 0 ]6 ]6 d d 7 6 5
8:9<;=?>A@B CEDGFIHKJ.L MONQPJ.L MHSTVR U PW R XY[Z J.L MO\ ]AP^`_ a B B Y P B W C Pb]R Hcd U2R T P,B R X+Y P^`_ ^ W Bfe
) 6 n g ] d ik hDo K j7k (4 h d R4 d Eww-

4
Z
0 b c4
l d ; ` 3 N4 ` 6Z c d
h wm3 4 Pw - 0 4 w4 cm&
]3
J ]

h-vvftw;wt4Dhhvtwyhf{>h}4>~r}h}{fJh0~t~gw~t7t fnyh| }fVh|vfmfi}4|q;fi|qf{&&t4;lyfhqqf{}fit4|&0>rq?f vo;ip fiunnnhu >t4|t4| fi}hih>m}}4h~gfZ{twv;fVm}4u@h }Hf hGyt4ùvf{{ilyhm&lnuuvt4{hfJ{t4fuvhfZv{}}4hmu lnrq&`hfi ind d u
twuvfJt4ph }u{l} hfi|Vfm}@itw;vy h }htwu{lhft4~~tmrquvy 0
4Z n o g jR* 0 { g 4q 3 bw > o k 4W y k N c/ '(
r fZt4;hhfZ|ttRt4 L/ '( &uvifLh}|&h{~}||f{&v~hut4hq&fm u@hfZ>}4u@hKf Gyhqt(hvfZv}4`fi|m
ms
< l

e
\ Q _S!SNSaSq_&aU \ Q ]$Q

r fR&}~~n}4v~J-vfit4|f{ cwrqh}&h }pv~ftw{ft4nhvf}| }4;fihfi|{0-vf|tt tw~~tmrq({~tw&f{~Zhfy|tt4yt4v-P{t|Q{;f'
t4- m
+ R+ ! "# % $&$'v2w(&)1+*J2,# -&11.*
-vfJv}| }4;fhfi| }u }|fy0f /ufm>u c
(2 1Vtr h
k n k N o 4 3 m o 6k 5 o 7 3 R k 8o 5
d
r fZuf{fmD&f{fi| }~0&;v~fZy|tw`fi|&hf{qt4(hf{&fJ}| }4;fihf|{ N|hml d cf{~y
d n 6 o LHCD
Nv|&hfi|ml JN lyrqv @yf{~ d d
m(I L_&
V~&tl d
kq L/c(
yfi~ y q d n L &
Nu}4~~l
o R k o ok 6 ] 4o o o ] 6 o 3 o k L!
(
+ R+ 9:)424! ';$`24< )*.1 &>=@?BADC$6 F E<GIHJLKMON;POK<QSR

TZ0f /vuvf l l }4uv }4qu-f{t4|f{O Lww -vf{u
w 4 w k w ]g 3 4 ]g 3
*
L! (
-vfJy|tt4Rqf{&&f{uh}4~~@hfJ}4;fJ}qhv }ht4( egf{;>}; t- n{U 1thifZh}h

k o , o ,
o- o m o k o o

k k
o o R k o R k
twr-pyh f}4u &fmcv! f(|f hvfuvWf Vnv}4~h o k{lrqv t4~~tmrq |tw c!
(X 1tmr |t{f{f{uv Hf G}ih~}@uE {lqg+ 'y _lqr-f
LN|tw egf{;>}>wJt- n{3r-fJ4fih
kg oi y k{> Y k o o [ Z o L 2 (
rqvfi|f k
Z
o ,\ Y k k

s s^],_a`/b
j

+ R+ (2 ' 1+* y10 !24!10 #+ 5

yh d
Ny4 ( myw k ( o
&uv L (l c 2(l c (}4uvL_&lyr-d fJt4ph }4u

ENn4 w g ]g 3 k
d y 4 kY4 k o o Z o

P4 Ny4 o k
Zw g d ] 3 k N y ki>Y Z k o Z o
P4 myw c k o mg
Zw g ] 3 k N y ki>Yw k o Z o
-v;~fi-h}h I d lyrqvfi|f

d y 4 k Y k o o
Z o Pw *Nn4 4 gs ] 3 k k
uv{f k o lyr-fJwfh
d Z n 4 kg Y k o o ! y c

pn;hfJ`thvf{&t4u
+ R+ L&1.1 *L+1 * " # 1 &< ' + !0+

r fZ{t4uv&f|hsr-t {}4&f{{
{ ) `V6 &y &

o k
o # o c 4&
u}4 JuVDhv`pDmh}& fJf {hegRvt4f|vcf nnfH~Gy~{fLh(ùv`f twV &v}4h~h fDuwhZf{4 fi| ]

- 6 woj-y}u" m jR o- &v4 cnhhvEV}f{h uv i f o ki r f}mf+ N o ] -6w j-l

w o ; j(RPk 4 o (I4
o o- 3 o 4
J o-m o-I w- c 5'(
shqqfm}4Dht &f{fZhv}h o o o k o d c CD
u{twuyf{&ffmV6vl f{ uo {f;t4$ $ L / CD L}4uvm! L k & o -v L |ktRf{- L| fmCDl{f{rq c CD&gtmhrqtVchhf v}uvh Wf Vncv}4 5~'(h J; L { &v }|`fi |Ld hl}rquIvh vf Rf{}4&uc|fm;;Lfm!}(hf
-vq{tw;~fhf{hvfZy|tt4(u hDf /v|hm}&fw
u@ wh m}4&f { ) `V6 &y & ' &7& * {RL{
! " $#&%'
j k j o
km
#$ Hk % k
o kg !" o #$ o % o o m
ms
< l

F
p-nvL{l- nitwulyyhh}t4h uvE#Ly }4&uvuv LL &c(td Jlyr--fJvfit4t4p|h f{} u Lw}|f }h6/fm6 t4uv{f|uvuvP{twuvhtwu c '(h | f{>}uvhtP|tfwl

k d 4 Z o kPw 4 w g ] 3 k
k Z n k & Pw P4 g 3 y ] k

n
}4r}@uh-fm3vf{t-|nf{Ov{lyc{t44uJr hfJtwu }mcf '(-}4~&t;fi| /f{3 * d d
* 4Z y L W_&
rqvfi|f V0f /vuvfm>u c CDgt twpyh }4u |t4 hv}4ufih>}hft| lvut4h{fZhv}h
k o $ R o o L 5c(
k( o $ m q R k k L 7&
r fZ>}{@}4&&;fh}h .
0 n o y k %" L 2
(
uvf{fm6l#L 2
(}4~&f*hvfiu p c Wc&N}4u L 7&r fEv}wf o .
50 k o % 4 lrqv.;v~f{
.
h}hq4 Vw Iw 0 km /o %(lv&v}|`fi|qhv}4u L ( L 2
(
* ! 3 . 0 %" o . 0 k{ o %
b
rqv htw4fihvfi|qrqh L W _& yf{~$ c! (-vf{t|f{ cw |tfm6
\ Q _ S!SNSaSq&_ aU \ d Q $] Q
r fJ&fL-vf{t|f{ cw rqh h % TZ0f /vuvf k l o l l l l l }4uv k }4q|f Vv|fmDu-f{t4|fi Lw nl6}uDfi|&n
*
hvfZitwuyht4uv" c c(l L W}4u c (
+ +! ; &! B$`2w!10 .1 *@#
+ 05 $6 .#
+ 05

uvi0fZt r-fJf|&vy& fV hvcfJ &|luuv{th}4{~3fZ4h}4~}vh fZt hv fJ~t4 k}|lyhrqv l y4 f{~jJ ] h Efiuv{{f L c(-}h6 /fm6
5 y

d
d d d k L 2(
6 k
-vq;v~f{hvfZuvWf Vnv}4~hf{
d
4 k k& k k y g y k{& 5
d
d
4 k k& 5 y

}4r}uhfm3
s s^],_a`/b
E

+ + 9I)424!' d $`24!sd / GBMH RI$6
uv{fZ h lyr-fJv}wf

N h
d
c 7

' (
Nv|&hfi|ml
5 4 k q 0 ] 3 1 n d &` 5]3 q 0 ] 3 k
y , 0 ` b w4
rqvDyfi~ y
o
k ] d 6 d o o d o 5 ] 3 d1 3 d1 /44d b 3 1 j b & 6`6n

c n
'
1 k

uv{f o ki

c w
' &
r-fJtwpyh }4u
k o b 0(b w`j b c 'W'(
}4uD&uv{f }4uuhf{wf|mlr fJ}mf 4 0y c '5CD
Ef{u{f
k +k 4 0 ! Wy b c '&_&
}4u ,

, 4 , 4

K j
,
k j b & 676 4K j 4K j ! 4`j

, , 0 , c 'Wc(

+ + 9I)424! ' $`24!s/ $6 SM $6 g &! B$624!10 +1 *>#+ 5

r fZv}wf
4 * w k wq 3N 4 k o 4V ww7 j
44 N b - &n b
wq3N 4 k w - 0 W 0 c `
' &

&uv L 7 (lyr-fJt4ph }u

w kN y &(Pw w k(Pw d y d gN n ki
Iw ] 3 1 n gN 1 a
` j
uv{f 3 mlu}whtwu h`t c 'KW r-fL}mf
4q 3 w k P4 0 & 0 ; 4VmZI K jq 0 W 0 >
Ef{u{f

wq 3N 4 k N n (Pw 0 & 0 c 7
' (
Nv|&hfi|ml
w 4-w 0 w , ! ww b
4 0 b 0(b
ms
< l

}4uv w 3 y ] & w 3 n ] & ! &n j4

b 0&b 4 o
-vq&vtmrqqh}h d

k J] w b &y jw
Ef{u{f h d
h k
pDhfZfi|&@yf0/uht4u t4 t4uyht4-u c ( qfi| /f{3
+ + @1+' v24!s/2,# &1R+1 *

-nv{lyhvfJ}&&v;ht4u t4-f{t4|fiO cw }|fJ}h6 /fm6+d v~yuvhml}u@&uv . L '7(}4uvL 'w&lyr-fJt4ph }4u
4Z o k d o w I(w Iw 50 d k o % d 4
0 ]6 kihDo k w 6 w h q(4
Ewy 4 L '7(
h-v}fRh uviht k w 3yf{i|fm}&f{t4uLhfuhfi|4}4~ 4
uvif- k p{ c 'n lr-ftwph }uglv&uv2L 2(

4

k (

4
g 1 y
d
3N k 1 a # K j
k 4 k
] 3
] 3 1 k

1
pv0hthitwh;uvvc~fihvhfhhvtfVL|t '7t4(slvlhr-|fJf{>twpy}h }4uv u htL&v4tmr h}hmlrqvf{u d }4up 3 4lytwufm}uf /uvf hd }4u cW rN}h r-f
}mfht&vtmr hv}hvuvfi|-hf{&fL}4&&;htwu{lhf|wh&x}u@&yfJt4 Lm& -q4|fm}hfi|Vhv}4u uvif
wm 3 4 ]6 w - 0 4 wm 3 d Pw ] I4 0 w y
hV& o;{f{ht &tmr hv}h 4q 3 d Iw ] w wV d q d
0
t4|qh}h d
4q 3 b q4 0`0 j
&uvc 7&lr d fJtwph }u
3 id1 o 3 1 o 0`0 j b b 44{ wq 3;
b w `
0 0 4
j
4

M
] 1
}4r}uhfm3-vq{t4;v~fihf{-hfJ|tt4t4-vfit4|f{O L4 'y
s s^],_a`/b
k
HJCHZ:-HJ=HJY
K
* +HML# NH)OP#Q# $ !#RT"#S) U)$V%WX&6Y%Z'#[(
\%]')6^(*_a`),+-aY.0H /1 2#')3 )(4(*5")36% #798 :;<-')(= (*2# (*7(*36% -.> (*?(* 7<!+@!) )3 +$.AB=7CEDF'# GAHJIE 3#7CH
ba
cCade4 gf9 hcCicj#kalAmI>')(9(*5"#3 #7no Q9qsr 3#Q$to u qsv Mw1"#3Hmx#HMyz3'JHm;{.A Q|W}b\S)~|WXaYZY\%]abY*`)6_^H
_a
cC iJ@ <z#*lmk C@OP?3 ')B= N1.A1 B=p 7>3#Qz ? ")2631 p(% (*7)xcHM (* #(<3#?(1HMyz3'JHm)JS@WX6YY_\CPaYa`cZbH
6
P i)mIE3G ')(*( 7 (9)Q#(* 7?(*G 7 (*C#I> Q#77 ..Ayz3HEW}\%mWX6[[Z\%J^6`[]a_a`)6_^H
a#P) Mm>HM )LcQ#(*3G c"c {&#?b7P"#62MY(*Y (*H G G 2c N/1 2)'#3 #(g(*5"#3 )7]!+<%'#(B=(')Q<.M1(*G .A#Qc`>3(*C2#(*2# EY6Yyz3')*B=36 5")(*7PLNC'#37, 5"#(*7
Za#P g> Md Ee i)klPLcG c )?4I0'"#(F5"#3 )7>. ?'z/1(*? (*()x#Hm"#B4!M(*>I>'JH MU)~WX6YYZ\%M_^_a`c_YbH
â#P g> Md Ee i)klPLcG c )?47"#2M(* (*G G 2# N/1 2#')3% )(1(*5"#3 )70!+3(*C 7B=('#QJmB=2M7 =yz3'MH Pm#S@WX6YY[\%Mb^_a`c_6bH
[a#P g> Md Ee i)klJI>'"#((*5"#3 )7 %'N*B=2M7 %(1m(*G Q)7C)>N3= 'JH #=32)2M(*3CH
Ya f F6mk1dge4 P 4M iJAhCM;<&%'#(9 (*? 3GJQ# c 7 70. EM)MHMyz3'JH]W}b\1WX6Y\%P6^_a`)a[H
a6b)â M`_PYJ%cDF ?imCimHmyz3B='J2#HM"#Mm )#?N* G 3')77E")?7 (*C"#m2#737,#Q
M ](*?a"#YG Y636c%H 7 7"#!M({c2Mp )(* 3G B=(i&Lc*B= )3 (FQ)(>I>')* (>Q#(*7]B!) (*7Q#(D3 7>6Y[[6[Y
|1 f 00 XCm cC m;1'#("#B=(* N*3Gm.A3N% 706.')(93 '#B=( N.A B=71 &E m)MHMyz3'MH]Wb\%]#WX6Ya_\%M_a`c^H
6ba|e4 0k6MCimm"#7 (9 $B=2#"#36% #3GJG ?(*!) 3 N<")B!M(*I0'#(*,+mM1 3Q#")36%(9I]({%70 zyz36'JHP#V)JmLc2) #?(*CMaYY_H
6_a|e4W,a YY0^k6\%MmiM_d_*`0 cfH 6
&fX 6*d| 0 h6XmLc"#!M({c2M#(* 3Gc3G ? %'#B=7F.A>N*G 37 7>? "#2&3)QT"#) >N*B=2)"c3 #7C#x#H)L+cB4!mG N>B=2)"cH mS#
a6F
gf#*lJg{cN*(*2c #3GM (*3GJO](*'#B=(*>7(*5"#(*#N*(*7cD3N* MN<x#HMyz3'MH m|WX6YY\%m_â`cH
6aF
gf#*lJg{cN*(*2c #3GM (*3GJO]"#N*3707 (*5")(*#N*(*7C#D3N* MN<x#HMyz3'MH Jm@WXaYZa\%M[Y*`Y6cH
6Za|1 EMC,%z i)J)3G + N1.} B4"#G 37.A0'#(<(*?")G 30.g3="#B4!m(*>m(*G QJ)8mHmyz3'JH J)WX6Y[Y\%JYYa`cZbbH
6â Ee imCkld K *7 G "c &(J(*N (<QM *5"#3 #7>Q) 2)'#3 (*##(*7:E3G ? ')B=(*7>(32)2#G N*36% #7)I>'#*7()) (* 7 %< Q#(*3"c{-P6YY^H
6[a Ee imCklAJLcG c #?
I>'")(9(*5"#3 #7 '#"c'#(<.A"#G GJ"#) ? "#2Mmyz3'JHMB=2MH #32#2M(*3CH
6Ya
M c FcAiMl,%ci]C] "#(*Q&.A 3N #7<W} K "#7 7 3)\C,3"#a3)aJyz7 N*a1]6Y^[H
b6|] FP i))m"#)Q#3B=(*3G 7>6.g/1 2)'#3 #(91(*B=(,+m)L#2# #?(*CJ6Y[_H
bm| ]WXP6 Y)YC\%iJMlbd[|a` _bzH iPkllXad9F ]4C*lXCimk#m B=(*7>G )*3 (*7F(*&Q#(*"c{=G ?3 '#B=(*7>(>Q#(*B= )3%7FQM (* 2MG 3 Jx#H)"#B4!M(*FI>'#(*,+
bbaf4 e4 F]CczC#({%(*#Q#(*QT'#(*,+6.gOP"#N*37C#.A")#N #7C))MHmyz3'MHMVJ-WX6Y_\CMcaYa`[H
b_a
4 F]i)*lAC dge4 F]Cim*lC 1% d0g FPkh%*dm3N% )?42MG +c#B= 3G 7 %'36 #3GPN*(TN* (*7C)yz3'MHM)MHS)UJ$W,aY[b\%M6*`c_cH
b6|0 ) h icC=]iJci)PG 37 7")B!M(*B=2#"c%36 #76. K (*3GJ!M(*G 3")B!M(*0E (*G Q#7Cmyz3'JHmB=2MHMVm|WX6Y[b\CMZY_a`^^H
ba|1 gPPC %)I0'#* (9Q#(*7>.A#N #7>")B=* 5"#(*77 B=2)G (*B=(*>2M* Q# 5"#(*7C#B=(*CH)x#HMyz3'MHJ@W,a[^[\%Ea[a`cbcJb[Ya`c_bH
bZa) g@ CACMG 37 7"#B4!m(*7>. (*3GPN+cN*G N1"#B4!M(*M(*G Q)7 %'7B=3G GPN*#Q)"#NC)B=2M7 yz3'MHmVMWX6Y^[\%MbYâ`_6YH
bâ>
#.XHM*l>m3JmHm"#B=B42#!m"#(*360%I> 'J#Hm3GJyz7 7CH(M'#3Q)c7EmP6>Y[['#M( Q)K (9(*17 G "#"c+(*TCP6.Y/1Yc m2#'#^3â` Y#b(H F5")36 #7CJAi K H 9HMyzG G @WA(*QMH \%#"#B4!M(*I>')(* +m:gDF NH# 7,
b[a| Ek6c*lAMF #( K (*?"#G 36% 3!#7N%')6*")#?c#!)'MHmyz3'MHJLc(*B&H)3B4!#") ?
MW,aY^[\%MYa`#aZH
bYa| Ek6c*lAJB=2#"#3 )3GJG ?(*!) 3 N9")B!M(*I0'#(*,+mm/<yL#(*B= #3SM)) ')")7 (*C)37 (*GAP6YY_H
_6| Ek6c*ldFe4 EF %6Ci)m #CMG ? ')B= N9G ?(*!# 3 N1"#B4!m(*0I>')(*,+mJ3B!) Q#?(<# mH)DF (*7 7C]aY[YH
_FW,a YZ [\%Pk6*^lAi)C`)ak^h^ Jd>yz
3 'MPHmC1cL)i)L 6K ]LcDF!M B=# = (4WXQ#6YcZ [7 \%] 716_*.`)a'#(4Y(H {c2#(*7 7 | @3G ?(*!# 3 N")B!M(*m(*G Q)7W K ")7 7 3m\%Eyz36*HPL#!m ) $m
p
ms
< l
k8d
_ba-DF N*(*(*Q) #?76.')(98X(* )36 #3GJ#? (*7 76.Fyz3'#(*B=3 N* 3)7C# NC'MJ6YYmgG "#B=(4mm ')")7 (*CJ6YYH
__a|1 "c+ (*Ci ]CakYY#mI0cC'#`c(<[_H !m#3N*N*m"#B4!m(*73)QT%'#(1 N N9;1N*(*3MMi-(*')3 3c)m 7 NC'T3#QOP =WA(*Q)7CH \%)L+cB=2M7 3
13"#7 7 3#3cM>#.XH)9)Q#(
_6
P]%ci)6 )DF B= (>Q) c 7 7F.J'#(({c2) (*7 7
3G ?(*!# 3 N0")B!M(*Em(*G Q)7Cx#Hc (* #(3)?(<Hcyz3'JHS)U) )S)UmTW,aY^6\%)b^*`c__H
_a3# JQzMl, 2# 02) G a N*lAc3DF )B=7C# > N*(3Q#Q#(* cB= 7 N< DF7F(*.M7O]7CJ"#aN*Y3^7F^3P)^Q=YaÒPY(*b'#H B=(*p "#B4!M(* 7Cciz<H3(*F3#Q=/H sHcyz377 (*WA(*Q#7H \CI]3)7 N*(*#Q)(*#N*(FI>')(* +m:>Q#63)N*(*7
_Za EJlX 0 alP;1zQ# c 7 70.m(* B=3) !M#3N*N*AcO]"#N*3703#QOP(*'#B=(*0"#B4!M(* 7C)DF NH)OP#Q)zyz3'MHML#NH]W}_\0VMWX6Y^^\Cmb6}^H
_â|4 P6 iP 6*d>1 | Fc-T,#Cm;1'#(DF 3N N*3GJLcG "c &.'#(I>'"#(9F5"#3 J)xcHM")B!M(*0I>'MHJVM@WX6Y[Y\%MYY*`)6_bH
_[a| 9MkMlXmDF B= (1Q) c 7 76.gOP")N*373)QzOP(*'#B=(*07 (*5"#(*)N*(*7C)yz36'JHmB=2MHMU)WX6YY\%M[ZYa`[[[H
_Ya| 9MkMlXmDF B= (1Q) c 7 76.gOP")N*373)QzOP(*'#B=(*07 (*5"#(*)N*(*7C#8 8mx#HmI>')(*CH)B!) (*7Qc{mH M|WX6YYZ\%Mb`b^H
6| 9MkMlXmDF B= (1Q) c 7 76.gOP")N*373)QzOP(*'#B=(*07 (*5"#(*)N*(*7C#8 8 8myz36%'MHmDF NHm>3B4!# Q)?(9DF'# GAHmLcNHJ)S#V|WX6YY[\%mâ`6YH
cF A < %ci)lXki)P8X Q)"#N N+cN*G B= NM(*G Q#7Cm< 3Q)"#3(<IE({70 $yz3'MHMmVJmLc2# )?(*m6Y[bH
ba 9 CmI0'#( % #7 N<Q) c 7 76.gOP(*')B=(*>"#B4!M(* 7C##JHMyz36%'MH]W}b\%JUMS@WX6Y\CMb_6`b_ZH
_a 9 EEzal)8XQ#(*3G (<G (* #(*> B 8XQ#(*3G G 37 7 (*"#)Q(* )( K (*?"#G 33!)7 N%')6%*"##?c#8X(*HJyz36'JH mUmSWX6Y[6\%M_Zâ`c_[H
6
]CkiJ M")0I0'#(* (9Q#(*0DE(*)* (*7,()yz#37 'MHJyz36'JHmV|WX6[Yb\CMbZa`b[6cH
s s^],_a`/b
Unite de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopole de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique,
615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LES NANCY
Unite de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex
Unite de recherche INRIA Rhone-Alpes, 655, avenue de lEurope, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN
Unite de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex
Unite de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex
Editeur
INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)

ISSN 0249-6399

Primitive Divisor of Lucas

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Primitive Divisor of Lucas

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Existence of Primitive Divisors of Lucas and Lehmer

To cite this version:

HAL Id: inria-00072867

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access Larchive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est

Existence of primitive divisors of Lucas and Lehmer

is usu qSd>0suiuY;q!>{SuqtNui{st3Eu9q9-s|}t |}|um||6-p,qs|

Unite de recherche INRIA Lorraine

{'quRu6ui{> Sui )u"{u{buU{'{uR!qsu"~mui ss~ut,EmU!>,{'uiqst u {st3Eu  *

 mI } R R D sj6gt |ASS|3{ qsu{"d~~}8Rdt 

p,qsu d>~}~ |{s>s~}uit u6 A'qsuEu>|}{s{|}{s- v ;q0u{b "uiu{0Au6~}|uRut !o!qs>sq|}

p,quS ui{su~uis~S>m"qsuu m|ui{u ,s|}t |}|um||sui>+*AAu6~}0  >vs qsu{hgY|}

c'e  Y s [V e Wm dxzy 0 4 |{ M=F

p,qsu)|}|{|t3SqRt >u@t s~|iu6d{s>{mDu6~!>{"!uqst u!|i 8qs|{s8Su6Y Eu {s {

!v >|{i {s~|}{iM9s|n mqs|{ ui~  suUqsu{s>{m;u m|ui{uR!Y muduio|}>u"i,{uiqst u,|

d> u muu6m|}{ {u Eu6o|}>u~>t sms~u~mu">{{b, > @ui|}>~

 I3 ;M BBMM Bo  i6] BN ;]}M]oB] a ; ];M B)B)Uo6 9MB] M6aMaM- ];M 6B];]

|}3 |}q suEu{m|{s >{ j { g @ q|}~u t |qui~@{ u6 |~}~}ds~sm6

bu,, )tsupmqs|{ui~ "uis~9u

cMe   I 0 >> , { MRF 3YAN@+F-@J4=F-@;<NM  >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@}.%8:9B41;4<> .@+A C @BF5O04=/SF+1 T

!u8 MqSU{-|{bu>u 0|- 

DRqSuiu{0~>|~~ {s {Y{S-dqsu ]|t u9E|{buim

|{sY mudu6o|}>u'!>9{uiqst u |}"d> f mui fu6mui30~|}{0{

|}>sq{>|}{uuib|{-@muiuu s th S qs|q'|8ui|qsuR ~}|{su68u6>S|{!>Sm|u6>S|{!sUp,qbu

qsu3d>~ ~uSdp,qsu9u6b|}>{Aqs|R|Rmsu9 , ui' oYqs|Rt ui{Uq- bu,Uuimui qsuNt|{ ss~ut

  S{s|u qss>qqEu~ui~~{s+ )t sm|}>{

{ qsup,qsu uib|{uiS>{m|{s& >uuAu6>~}>ui|}{sqsu0tNuqsm )p 6{ b|{

.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF1 s  th.4s t6h

qM>u v sj Eg t v sj Eg t p,qsuud>u>{su qsuit |9YDmudui|u|}U{{s~0|} quqsu9|ip,qsu't u

qs>~d uibs|~u{bUuiqst u |}i

p,qs>sqp,qsu>uit  t |uit uU~su6)|,|{s,s| ~N~|}dmudu6o|uS{Suiqst u,|

cMe  R W DF <WH.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF M , /21  >@+VY@R9 3/LQR@Rf_4=<>E4<"Wr.@+ADCE@BF O04=/SF/S1  4=<0>  >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@=T

IKAN@BFB@ s,l0 t 4=F-@4/LQR@+<H/S</'N4DG6@KJ:T

w Sn]  n 

{ MRF iG@ . % I B-f

q|q'|8Su6]8E>|s~ubp,qsu>uit  {  qsud>~}~ |{s u6s~} |}{'M>s,qs|8{]u6ou,,s|{su6

e uiu s t ]{s d,qu~muR~>|}qtN|Rqsu|qb6suiuqsu"u{S!qs|Uu6o|{!

p,quRt|}{-uis~ qs|8Eu8.{ t)qsu{]u6ou + o

p,quut > {S> N ui{uqsui ~ xS e  V U ~  

p,qu8sbEp,qsu>uit# "|@~{s{ |}{>~ui Dau6>S~~}9ui~}|uiS>{qsuiM3tqsuit |){Nqsu6Mb |}>!

*. 4*  6 ! uM u u6o|}>{ osS|{s t uq mu>u~Eui'|}{ s ! D

           ;   

 %   % <  /4\n

"  $ K MAY%"  $ K TUR#Y?RE/ M?RSY7j0 T3N284    7     6G7      8 7 K MAY9 4   7     6G7   

{ ui|{- )u"qsfq8|}U ui s>uRp,quut N>{s~d ms->Su;duiuU~sui,

{ u6o|{ -uN>m|}{'{s>{mB||~~}uEs{Sd oqr G v

{b|}{su6|{ |}>{su sEu{Sm| % )>tNS|}{s| |}q9qsu,uis~}

d|{u m{|{)u|}{~u|"{st9Suiiu9su9p,qsu>uit dt{A~su6a|{0|s~6

{ ui|{ )uNsu3p,quut/> dqsuNuit|{s|}{ ms>Su;dui4u ,-ui~b|{sqsu>uiS>{m|{s

p,qsuuib|{,S|{sNqsu"t uqsms8sui|}Eui|}f{ u6o|}>{ m

p,qsusEu{s| 3mu s|u A|{su>3>{b|{-qsu u {ut u{bNqsuuis~}!su{b A|{su

4 } U i  U i uUu |{muimu6  s|u A|{su qm|{suibasau6>uii>u {sut ui{>)Yqsu

u'us~}u6ui&q{ &U~{ , >u6 ~)t ui{u>

mq|}{ iu~!{ t un { bui,d8|t3~|{sm|S|}>{i

p,quiu>o, |}~~Eu"u6qss>qss)qsu"Eu |}qmUSu6|~uduiui{u>

u"Pu O s t ,b{b||uRui|{qsut |~}| O s tRQ TS O sVUt t ui{ 9 S 9 U

u"uqsud>~}~ |}{N|}qst u|~Yd{o|}>{

/7/ T b r=<?> s fat P3A&@+< G

/YQ:T b VijiEg)pia h s 4=<>r`<3>>s fat ?3YAN@+<dcs G t 254r9 j*9 2B4r9 gh9 T

D r`<3> s at qsui{ Gh{Eu&b"s{s|}] qsui{f{ >{s~} qsu{ a { 9 8a&9 qs|q|

p,qsu{st3Eu jiEg uaqsu,

ui|{'|, ~}~qs| >

~ 4 Vd4 V U X R sFjJEgit .@R3 v

/7/ T b V "9 3A&@+<   9 v 4=<>fs v h     t}>"/LQR/>:@B1 h _T

9 3AN@B<f @ 49$36 W >"/LQ$/Y>@-1

is usu qSd>0suiuY;q!>{SuqtNui{st3Eu9q9-s|}t |}|um||6-p,qs|

{'quRu6ui{>Sui)u"{u{buU{'{uR!qsu"~muiss~ut,EmU!>,{'uiqst u{st3Eu *

mI } R R D sj6gt |ASS|3{ qsu{"d~~}8Rdt

p,qsu d>~}~|{s>s~}uit u6 A'qsuEu>|}{s{|}{s-v ;q0u{b "uiu{0Au6~}|uRut !o!qs>sq|}

p,quS ui{su~uis~S>m"qsuu m|ui{u ,s|}t |}|um||sui>+*AAu6~}0 >vsqsu{hgY|}

c'e Y s [V e Wm dxzy 0 4 |{ M=F

p,qsu)|}|{|t3SqRt >u@t s~|iu6d{s>{mDu6~!>{"!uqst u!|i 8qs|{s8Su6YEu {s{

!v >|{i {s~|}{iM9s|n mqs|{ ui~ suUqsu{s>{m;u m|ui{uR!Y muduio|}>u"i,{uiqst u,|

d>u muu6m|}{ {u Eu6o|}>u~>t sms~u~mu">{{b, > @ui|}>~

I3 ;MBBMM Bo i6] BN ;]}M]oB] a ; ];M B)B)Uo6 9MB] M6aMaM- ];M6B];]

|}3|}q suEu{m|{s >{ j { g @ q|}~u t |qui~@{ u6 |~}~}ds~sm6

bu,, )tsupmqs|{ui~ "uis~9u

cMe I 0 >> , { MRF 3YAN@+F-@J4=F-@;<NM >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@}.%8:9B41;4<> .@+A C @BF5O04=/SF+1T

!u8MqSU{-|{bu>u0|-

DRqSuiu{0~>|~~ {s{Y{S-dqsu ]|t u9E|{buim

|{sY mudu6o|}>u'!>9{uiqst u |}"d> f mui fu6mui30~|}{0{

|}>sq{>|}{uuib|{-@muiuu s th Sqs|q'|8ui|qsuR ~}|{su68u6>S|{!>Sm|u6>S|{!sUp,qbu

qsu3d>~ ~uSdp,qsu9u6b|}>{Aqs|R|Rmsu9 , ui' oYqs|Rt ui{Uq- bu,Uuimui qsuNt|{ ss~ut

S{s|u qss>qqEu~ui~~{s+ )t sm|}>{

{ qsup,qsu uib|{uiS>{m|{s& >uuAu6>~}>ui|}{sqsu0tNuqsm )p 6{ b|{

.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF1 s th.4s t6h

qM>u v sj Eg t v sj Eg t p,qsuud>u>{suqsuit |9YDmudui|u|}U{{s~0|}quqsu9|ip,qsu't u

qs>~duibs|~u{bUuiqst u|}i

p,qs>sqp,qsu>uit t |uit uU~su6)|,|{s,s| ~N~|}dmudu6o|uS{Suiqst u,|

cMe R W DF <WH.58:9+4"1%O04=/SF M , /21 >@+VY@R93/LQR@Rf_4=<>E4<"Wr.@+ADCE@BF O04=/SF/S1 4=<0> >@BVY@$9$3/LQR@=T

IKAN@BFB@ s,l0t 4=F-@4/LQR@+<H/S</'N4DG6@KJ:T

w Sn] n

q|q'|8Su6]8E>|s~ubp,qsu>uit { qsud>~}~|{s u6s~}|}{'M>s,qs|8{]u6ou,,s|{su6

e uiu s t ]{sd,qu~muR~>|}qtN|Rqsu|qb6suiuqsu"u{S!qs|Uu6o|{!

p,quRt|}{-uis~qs|8Eu8.{ t)qsu{]u6ou + o

p,quut > {S> N ui{uqsui ~ xS e V U ~

p,qu8sbEp,qsu>uit# "|@~{s{ |}{>~ui Dau6>S~~}9ui~}|uiS>{qsuiM3tqsuit |){Nqsu6Mb |}>!

. 4 6 ! uM u u6o|}>{ osS|{s t uqmu>u~Eui'|}{ s ! D

;

% % < /4\n

" $ KMAY%" $ KTUR#Y?RE/ M?RSY7j0 T3N284 7 6G7 8 7 KMAY9 4 7 6G7

{ ui|{- )u"qsfq8|}U ui s>uRp,quut N>{s~dms->Su;duiuU~sui,

{ u6o|{ -uN>m|}{'{s>{mB||~~}uEs{Sd oqr G v

{b|}{su6|{ |}>{su sEu{Sm| % )>tNS|}{s||}q9qsu,uis~}

d|{u m{|{)u|}{~u|"{st9Suiiu9su9p,qsu>uit dt{A~su6a|{0|s~6

{ ui|{ )uNsu3p,quut/> dqsuNuit|{s|}{ ms>Su;dui4u ,-ui~b|{sqsu>uiS>{m|{s

p,qsuuib|{,S|{sNqsu"t uqsms8sui|}Eui|}f{ u6o|}>{ m

p,qsusEu{s| 3mu s|u A|{su>3>{b|{-qsuu {ut u{bNqsuuis~}!su{b A|{su

4 } U i U i uUu|{muimu6 s|u A|{suqm|{suibasau6>uii>u {sut ui{>)Yqsu

u'us~}u6ui&q{ &U~{ , >u6 ~)t ui{u>

mq|}{ iu~!{ t un { bui,d8|t3~|{sm|S|}>{i

p,quiu>o,|}~~Eu"u6qss>qss)qsu"Eu|}qmUSu6|~uduiui{u>

u"Pu O s t ,b{b||uRui|{qsut |~}| O s tRQ TS O sVUt t ui{ 9 S 9 U

u"uqsud>~}~|}{N|}qst u|~Yd{o|}>{

/7/ T b r=<?> s fat P3A&@+< G

/YQ:T b VijiEg)pia h s 4=<>r`<3>>s fat ?3YAN@+<dcs G t 254r9 j*9 2B4r9 gh9 T

D r`<3> s at qsui{ Gh{Eu&b"s{s|}] qsui{f{ >{s~}qsu{ a { 9 8a&9 qs|q|

p,qsu{st3Eu jiEg uaqsu,

ui|{'|, ~}~qs|>

~ 4 Vd4 V U X R sFjJEgit .@R3 v

/7/ T b V "9 3A&@+< 9 v 4=<>fs v h t}>"/LQR/>:@B1 h _T

9 3AN@B<f @ 49$36 W >"/LQ$/Y>@-1

qsu{ v h sFjiv g)vl t6h.sj g t p,qs|3uimSui3quu|{&qsu'>uqu{ |3ms{

qsui{ v h sFj g t6hsFjngt @8|u qSbu, v uiS>{s- v qs|}~uqs| v q>"

!RM iM];!M]M6 !@M]6-

Y m X X .@=3 -sFjJEgt?G:@`4H.@+A C @BF~O04=/SF 4=<>$@ v Bl3AN@ 9-MRFFB@-1LOMR<>/7< a1+@7):8!@+<9-@PMRV .@+ADCE@BF)<N8"CrG:@+F+1T { M=F

@ /7V A 4=<0> 9 sjfgt

4<>P/7V >M@B1 <NM:3 >"/YQR/Y>@ jg^3YAN@+<

{|ut ||}|,{S |}su6Eui|ui~}>

u u~u |}q Bo Dd~~83dt { |}uit | %9q qsu{ 9;sFjngtE p

m|}{uRqsu"|}>qbDq{'|mu B )|,{sUs|}||s~u"b !sN|,qsu"~}u Dq{S|su@p,qsu~~ |,s>ui

s c 't s <?4 sCH%h t c t Ms c #t iak

u|{S~Y|}{buuiiqs|q'|t s~|}u6q v sFjJEgt v s ; t d>0

{m|}|{Sp,qsud>~}~|}{3||~u|{|U|~Yd>qs|>st u{b

~ 4 Vd4 V U X W ^ > mM -sFjJEgt v sj6gt 0

'AN@B< fzIKAN@+F-@ /21~4 <NMR< <N@4D3/LQR@;/7<&3 @:@BF$T

( ` M o Am|b|mu6 D,qsui{d>~}~8@dt @qS 9 |u mquu s t D

|t s~}|uiq 9 sN{bs||{p,qs|,sui)q @p,qsus>Sb|}|{'|,s>ui

W s t W s t |}qsui||u qsud>t

( ` u"],d>tqu M U V ` ut u{b6p,qis~u80Su{' {-|{bu>u|db|{s

{ sj6gt {'Y muduio|}>u"uqtNui|6

Dd>~}~8)d>t )~~vs vqSiqs|quui iB { v )qs>~simuRqSMu ",

a>Sb|}|{vm ||}t s~|uiq u so~}Nm|b|mu6 v h v D@d~~}8{ dt Mq u

^ as R { mui,{s8m|}|mu sFjig)It

uhqMu )~~ vmvm-qsui{uh |q k 8|ufq |u>u{ {