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Zoroastrianism: observations and views :

Dr. Usama Adnan Yahiya .

2016 :
:




--
ashurbanipal668@yahoo.com :

Prevent copying or use of any part of this book by any means graphic or
electronic or mechanical, including photography and recording on tape or CD-
ROM, or use any other means publishing, including the preservation and
retrieval of information, without the written permission of the publisher.


...
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)1 :
James Darmesteter, The Zend Avesta,(Oxford,1880),Part: I; James Darmesteter,
The Zend Avesta,(Oxford,1882),Part: II; James Darmesteter, The Zend
;Avesta,(Oxford,1887),Part: III; E.W. West, Pahlavi Texts,(Oxford,1880),Part: I
E.W. West, Pahlavi Texts,(Oxford,1882),Part: II; E.W. West, Pahlavi
;Texts,(Oxford,1885),Part: III; E.W. West, Pahlavi Texts,(Oxford,1892),Part: IV
E.W. West, Pahlavi Texts,(Oxford,1897),Part: V; A. V.W. Jackson and Others,
Ancient Persian, In: The Sacred Books and Early Literature of The East,(New
York,1917),Vol:2.
:
Ervad Maneck Furdooji Kanga, Gatha,(Mumbai,1997); Ervad Maneck Furdooji
Kanga, Yasht,(Mumbai,2001).
:
( : .)1952
:
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(.)185()Erezifya ()Vaesaka
(Khshathro-
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(.)187

( )188()Pisanah
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(.)189 ()Husravah
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51
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(.)215


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52
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(()Azi Dahaka)
( )Bawri :100
1000 10000

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53
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100 1000 10000 .
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54
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(.)222

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55


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2.349-348
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)234 :21.2
61
] "(.)235
/
( )
(.)236


()Haurvatat ()Ameretatat
:
(.)237


()Asha
()Druj


()Ahura Mazda
: (()Asha - - )
(()Armaiti - )
(()Khshathra )(:)238"

)235 :35.9
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)237 :4.2-1
)238 .36
60
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( )240 (.)241
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(.)242

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( )243 :"

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.)244("...
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)240 :134:14.2
)241 :5.2
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)243 :4.3
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61
()246

(:)248 ()247

.1(:)Mahya()249 (.)250
.2 (:)Yairya (.)251
.3/( :)Maidhyairya/Maidyarem

(.)252
.4 ( :)Maidyozarem
(.)253
.5 ( :)Maidyoshahem
(.)254

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)247 : / :.2
)248 .102-101

)249
.


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)250 :28:67:7.10
)251 :29:7.11
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)253 :414:68:711 :1.2
)254 :29:414:68:711 :1.2
62
.6 ( :)Paitishahem
(.)255
.7 / ( :)Ayathrem

(.)256
.8 (:)Hamaspathmaedhaya
(.)257

:


.
:" "...
:
"(.)258
"
(.)259
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:1.2 )256 :29:414:68:711
)257 :4.14
)258 :4.5-1
)259 :11.4
)260 :12.3
63
64
65



( )

(.)261

(.)Avesta




( )Ashma
.

:

( )Asha ( )Druj:

)261 ( : .
) .153-152
66

()Dregvant ( )Drvant
( )Ashavan


( )Angra-mainyo ()Ahriman:

()Asha

:"

"(.)262 ( )



( )Ashma
( )Aesh

(.)263

)262 :31.15
)263 34-33.41
67

:
"
"( .)264 :"
()265
:" "...
.)266("...

( )267

- ()268 (.)269
:"
] ... .)270("...
":]

]

)264 :39.1
)265 :31.9
)266 :37.1
)267 .85
)268 - :
T. H. Griffith, The Hymns of the Rigveda,(India,1896).
)269 9:2.4
)270 :39.2-1
68
()272
: "( )271
" ... "()273 :
"( .)274 "



(.)275


.
.
.

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"(.)276

)271 :52.2
)272 :66.9
)273 :1.12
)274 :1.14
:14.54 )275
)276 :68.8
71
(.)277
:"

"(.)278

.








.



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)277 :29.6
)278 :21.1
70




(:)279
" ( ) ]
. ]
]
"( )280 (.)281
()Manthra

:" "( )282 .

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:" "( )283 .

)279 .42-41
)280 :31.10
:13 88.89 )281
)282 :29.7
)283 :58.4
71

:"
"(.)284


/ ( )Arta/Asha -
.
(()Rta )

300



.
(.)285
/ :
.
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.)286("...

)284 :33.3
1.249 )285
)286 :33.6
72
( .)287
(/ )(: )Arta/Asha"
(()Vohu Mano ) "(.)288

:
"
"(.)289

: ( Vohu
)Mano
:
" "(.)290


:" "(.)291
( ) :"
"(.)292

)287 :44.20
)288 :28.1
)289 :29.10
)290 :28.3
)291 :29.1
)292 :29.5
73

:" "(.)293


.



(.)294 :"
"(.)295 :"...
]
.)296("...


( )Ahuramazda

( ) ( )297

)293 :29.7
)294 :33.4
)295 :44.20
)296 :49.4
)297 .34
74

:
"

"(.)298
( )Jahi
:"( )
"(.)299



.
()Yima ()Vivanghen
:"

"(.)300


)298 :29.1
)299 :21.1
)300 :32.8
75


()Haoma
(.)301





.



(.)302
:"

"(.)303

.

)301 .38
)302 .96
)303 9:1.7
76



:"
.
. :

"(.)304


.

-
:" ". ()Hware-Daresa:




.

)304 :32.10-9
77


.

-:
.
-: .




( )Yasna





.



78



-
( ) /
(
)




(.)305

(
)

.

()Grehma :"

)305 39-38 97.148


81
.)306("... () ()Kavis :
" "(.)307






()308

(.)309



(.)310
:

.

)306 :32.12
)307 :32.14
)308 .37
1.378 )309
)310 .95
80

:" "(.)311

() ()Karapan
/
( )312 :"
.)313("...

:"
.)314("...
()Daeva/



( )Daeva



()Rig-Vida: (()Asura

)311 :44.20
)312 37
1.378
)313 :51.14
)314 :44.20
81
)Ahura (.)315()Daeva

.
()Varuna
(()Agni )




()Varuna
()Indra
( )Aryans
.

)315 - (()Deivos )
( )dieu ( )Deus
( )Deva ( )Div ( )Diewas
(.)tivar : 1.236

-
: ( )sir ( )Vanir
: ( )Tyr ( )Odin ( )Thor (
)
. : ( )freyr ( )freyja
2.172 ()Njord . :
82
.
.


.


:" ()Asuras "(.)316

( )Brahmana


.


( )317

( - ) :
. " "

)316 9:41.1
)317
: : : .88
83
( )Ahi .

.




( ()Dyaus )
.


.
.
()Devas= Daevas

.






()Saurva ( )Asrva ()Rudra

84

( )Shiva ()Nanhaithga
()Nasatya ()Asvin .
: ( )Ahuras


( .)318

.
(.)319


( :32 12)14 :


:
"

)318 :
1248-247 251-250252
37-3640-39 :
( : )2011.502
)319 :29.4
85
"( .)320
.

:" ( )
"( .)321
( )

(:)322"

"(.)323


(.)324

.


)320 9:3.9
)321 9:7.6
)322 .95
)323 :48.10
)324 .95
86



.

.


) (



.



(.)325


)325 98-95
1.385
87
()



(.)326


.



.








)326 .94
88
:"
]




]"(.)327

(.)328



:

(.)329


-
(.)330

.98 )327
.200 )328
.98 )329
.125 )330
011

:
.1
.
.2
.
.3
.
.4
.
.5



:"
. ]"

:"...
]
.)331("...
:"...

)331 :49.4
010
"(.)332
:"
... .
] "(.)333

.

:
" :
( )
"(.)334
:"
( )"(.)335
:
"

"(.)336

)332 :51.14
)333 :46.11
)334 :29.2
)335 :29.5
)336 :29.9

011
. :"
.)337("...



.

:"

.
. .
". :46.2-1
:" ]...
] ] ]... ". :34.8
: .35
)337 :33.4
012
013
014
015


:
-


( )338
:"
.
.)339("... ( Gatha
)Ahunavaiti

:"


. ]


"(.)340 -

)338 / :.3
)339 :55.1
)340 :14.2-1
016
)341()Gatha (Vohu-khshathra
.
: ( Gatha
)Gatha )Ahunavaiti (Ushtavaiti
( )Gatha Spenta-mainyu - ( Gatha
.)342()Gatha )Vohu-khshathra (Vahishtoishti


( .)343
( )344 .
:"... ()
()Baresman )345("...

( )346
( )347 .
( )348

)341 :20.1
)342 / :.1
)343 :14.4
)344 :71.11
)345 :2 1.12
)346 :7112 :15:162:20.3
)347 :20.3
)348 :59.32
017




(.)349
:"

"( .)350
:" ()Gatha
"(.)351

:" ...

"()352:"
.)353("... :"
.)354("...
(.)355
.

)349 :668-7:717
:23.1
)350 :41.6
)351 :71.6
)352 :2.13
:131:21.2 )353 :715 :
)354 :1.29
)355 :4.18
018
(.)356
( ) :"
...
"( )357 :"
...
"()358 :" ...
()359
:" ... "
( .)361 "( )360
( )362 ( )
(.)363
]
:" "( )364
( )365
- - (.)366

)356 :1.29
)357 :612 : :1.29
)358 :7.15
)359 :16.2
:16 5 8 11 14 1618 :1.29 )360
)361 :1.29
)362 :71.4
)363 :6610:71.10
)364 :7.2
)365 :13.1
)366 :23.2
001
-


.

:" "( )367
:" ... "( )368 :"
"( )369 :
" .)370("...
.

:"
"( )371
:"
)372("...

)367 :38.2
)368 :7.4
:8.1 )369
:10.145 )370
)371 :3.1
)372 :720:8.1
000
.

": ...
)373("... :" ... "( )374
:" "(.)375


:"
( )
.)376("...


.


.


)373 :7.26
)374 :25.2
)375 .21:2
:10.88 )376
001
.
:"
"(.)377


.



.
-





(:)378"...

"(.)379

)377 :26.4
)378 .85
)379 :39.2
002


(:)380"

( ) "(.)381


.

:








)380 .85-84
)381 :39.3
003
(.)382
:
.0 :

(.)383
.2 ()Atar( ):


:"
: :
"(.)384
( )




(.)385
(.)386

)382 .86-85
)383 :421:423:719 :1.28-27
)384 :43.9
)385 64.93
)386 .258
004



(.)387


( )388
:"
"(.)389

( )390
:" "( )391
(.)392


.

)387 66.94
)388 83-82
1.396
)389 :36.3
1.396 )390
:10.127 )391
)392 .138-137
005


.

.




.



.


.

.


.

006

: :

:
(.)393
:"
.)394("...
( )( .)395

( )396 ( )397 (.)398

( .)399 ( )
:"
]
"(.)400

)393 .89-87
)394 :62.1
)395 :24 :1.7
)396 :24:4 1722:6 3 1118:714 :1.9
)397 :36:49:76:244:71.23
)398 :2.12
)399 :1.9
)400 :3.2
007
(:)401"
"( )402 :" ... "(.)403
-
( .)404()Vohu-gaona
()
:"
"
:"

".
]
:
"
"

( .)405

)401 :4.2-1
)402 :7.2
)403 :24.8
)404 :19.40
)405 :10.13-6
008


.
()( )Pyraitha
(.)406
:" ( )
] "( )407 :" ...
"(.)408 : ( )Haperesi
/ ( .)409()Nemetka
(.)410

( .)411 ( )412
( )(.)413


)406 .200
)407 :6.18
)408 :7.26
:14.55 )409
)410 :24.8
)411 .107
)412 :212:416:611:714:6610:71.10
)413 :19.40
011



- (
- ... )
(.)414
( )415
-
( .)416


( )Urvasna - (Vohu-
)gaona -( )Vohu-kereti ( )Hadha-naepata
( )
(.)417

:"
...
"....

)414 :12.2-1
)415 : :19.23-20
)416 :19.24
)417 :14.3-2
010
(.)418

( ) :" ( )
"(.)419
.3 :
( )420 (.)421
( )422

( .)423

( )424
:"
"(.)425
( )426:
( )428 :" ()427

)418 :18.71-70
)419 :19.40
)420 .104
)421 .259
)422 .85
)423 .93
)424 :2 5 1216:37:4 917:6 4 1114:7 714 :16
:151 :1 10.30 2
)425 :65.9
)426 :1.10
)427 :19.2
011
)429("...
:" .)430("...
( )431
: ( )433 ()432
()Chaechasta
( )434
( .)435
()Hadhanaepata
:"... ()Hadhanaepata

"(.)436 ( .)437


": ]
].

)428 :421:669:71.9
)429 :42.1
)430 :68.6
)431 :422:6610:71.10
)432 :1.9
)433 :424:68.6
)434 :426:66.9
)435 :68.6
)436 :7.3
)437 :24.2
012


"... (.)438
( )439

()
-


(.)440
(.)441()gah Uzerin

: ( )Arag
( )Marv ( )Vehrud



.
.

)438 : :65.15-9
)439 .
)440 :19.2-1
)441 :1.7
013

.
(.)442


(.)443
.4 : ( )444
()445

() Fararitividushe
( )(.) ()446()Hvadaenaish
.5 : : ( :
) ( :
) ( :

)(.)447
:" "(.)448
]

)442 :21.4-3
)443 .200
)444 :216 :16.2
)445 :1.28
)446 :21.3
)447 :669:71.9
)448 :42.4
014
( )449()Vouru-kasha
(.)450



:"

"(.)451 :" "(.)452
.6 : ( )453 :
( )454 :"
]"( .)455 :"
)456("... :"
"( )457 :" ... ...
"( )458

)449 :42.4
)450 :66.9
)451 :13.54
)452 :1.7
)453 :216:4 1721:6 1115:714:669:719:162 :1.10
)454 :42.2
)455 :1.7
)456 :59.28
)457 :71.23
)458 :6.10
015
( .)459 ( )460
(.)461 :"
... ()462 "( .)463
()Hadhanaepata
:" ( )
( )Hadhanaepata
"(.)464



:10.145 )459
)460 :669:71.9
)461 :162 :1.28
)462 :

.
]

":

". : :
.338-337
)463 :1.7
)464 :3.3
016

.
.7 :
: - ( ()Ushi-darena )

( )466 ()465

( )Asnavant
(.)467()Raevant

(.)468 :"
"( )469 :" ... "(.)470
.8 : (:)471
" ( )

"( )472 :

)465 :214:419:613:7.16
)466 :42.3
)467 :1.9
)468 :419:613:716:6610:7110 :1.28
)469 :42.2
)470 :1.4
)471 :669:719 :.12
)472 :4 13.21
017
" .... )473("... :
" ....
"( .)474
:" "( )475 :"
"( )476 :" "( )477
:" "( .)478

.
.9 :
()Spenta ) : (Mainyu
" ... ."...
( ()Titrya / )
( .)479
( .)480

)473 :6.7 :6:10:7


.13
)474 :7.10
)475 :4.16
)476 :7.13
)477 :1.12
:7 3.5 )478
)479 :4 1621:610:713:669:719 :1.13
)480 : .168
018
:"

"(.)481



.

()Apaosha
.
( )
( .)482

:"

] ".
.


:8.58 )481
1.400 )482
021
:"

"(.)483 ()Vanant
( )484 ()Satavaesa
] (.)485
: .10


.




.



( )
.

:8.60-59 )483
:21 1 :1.13 )484
)485 :1.13
020




(.)486

.

(.)487

:
" "( )488

( )489
(.)490

)486 75 83-8285
1.396
)487 .87
:10.13 )488
:10.142 )489
:10 125.136 )490
021
.
:" "
.
-








-


)(305-234) (()Porphyry
(.)491


(.)492

)491 .129-128
:192 :1.11 )492 :421 16:610:713:669:719
022
.11 :
( )493
()495
( )494
.12 : : :" ( )
.)496("...
.13 : ...": ...
"(.)497
.14 :


) ( )498 (
:"
... "( )499 :"
()... )500("...
( )501

)493 :4.21
)494 :1.22
)495 :42.3
)496 :4.21
)497 :42.1
)498 :4.21
)499 :6.5
)500 :7.8
)501 :7.26
023
( )502
( .)503
:" ]
( )]"(.)504
:"
( ) "(.)505

)(.)506 (




:"
"
.

.

)502 :66.10
)503 :71.10
)504 .21
)505 :21.2
:210 : :1.7 )506
024


.
.
:
()507
:" "... " ...
.)508("...
:"
... ( ) )509("...

( .)510
(.)511


.
( -
-- - - - - - .... )
.

)507 :6.14
)508 :18.2
)509 :66.10
)510 :71.10
)511 :71 4.17
025



( )512
( )513 :"
)514("... :"
"( .)515
:"
)516("... :"
"(.)517 :"
... ()Vishaptatha( )"( )518 :
" .)519("...
:" : )520("..."
)521("... :"

:21.1 )512
:14.5 )513
:1 28.31 )514
:5 96.121 )515
:6 1.4 )516
:6.6 )517
:7.4 )518
:7.5 )519
:8.2 )520
:8 4 6 8.10 )521
026
( ).
( )
"( .)522

(.)523



.

.

.
: :

.
-
-

:

:8.12 )522
)523 :13.5
027
.
:
(.)524

:"


"(.)525
:
"
...

].
"(.)526
:" ()Vanant
"( .)527
:" :

)524 .89
)525 :71.6
)526 :7.5-4
:8.12 )527
028
"(.)528

.
.


:

(.)529



( ) (
) ) (
( )
] (.)530


:

)528 :19.17
)529 ..218
)530 :1.1
031
.1 .
.2 .
.3 .
-
( )Chinwad
(: )Garo Nmana"
...
"()531
:" -
"(.)532
-()Hvareno
( )
:

( )533
(1038-961)
: (.)534
( .)535

)531 :7.1
)532 :1.30
)533 .178-177
)534 .7
:19 14 21 83 88.91 )535 :716
030

:"
.
: ( )Vohu-Mano - (Asha-
)Vahishta ( )()Atar (.)Ahura-mazda
: - ( )Akem-Mano ()Aeshma
)Azhi - (Dahaka
( )Spityura "
:" ...
(.")Vouru-Kasha
()Anahita
(.)536
:"
( )Athravan()

. ( )
( ) .
( )
( )
"( .)537

:19.51-46 )536 :
:19.54-53 )537
031


( .)538 :"
"()539


( .)540

- ()Takhma Urupa
( )541
()ahmorath :"
"()542
(()Yima /.)543()Djem
()Thraetaona ( )544()Athwya
()Afrdhon
:" "()545

:19.69-67 )538
:19.72 )539
:19.84 )540
:19.28 )541
.7 )542
:19.31 )543
:19.36 )544
.36 )545
032
()Keresaspa ( .)546
()Menodjehr ()Iradj :"
"()547 ()Zaw(:)ahmsf"
"()548
Kavi Kavi - ( : (Kavata
)Aipivohu- ()Kavi Arshan - ()Kavi Usadha
- ()Kavi Pisina - ()Kavi Byarshan -
Kavi )Kavi - ( (Syavarshan
.)549()Husravah
()Kw
(:)Djodharz"
"(.)550
()Vistaspa :"
.)551("... ()Bahman
/(:)Isfendiydh"
"( .)552 (241-226)

:19.38 )546
.52 )547
)548 .130
:19.73-70 )549
.220 )550
:19.84 )551
.378 )552
033
( .)553
()Lohrsf :
()Bishtsf ( )Zarr
:"
.)554("...




( )Kohram :"
"( .)555

()Kakos
:" "( .)556

()Kakhosra ()Bran
:" "

(.)557

.474 )553
.245 )554
.283 )555
.164 )556
.215 )557
034

( .)558
()Yima :" ( )


] "( .)559
( )()Djem
:" "(.)560

:
" "(.)561


:"
"(.)562
()Naudhar ()Menodjehr
:"

)558 .394
:
( : )2015.42-38
:19.34 )559
)560 .16
)561 .167
)562 .397
035
"(.)563 ()Djmsf
(498-496()Faroz):"
"(.)564



( )os ()Kostahm
(.)565
()Homi

:"
"(.)566


(()Frangrasyan )
(.)567
:"

)563 .109
)564 .590
)565 .130
)566 .389
)567 :
:1964-56.82
036


"(.)568
:"
]
"(.)569

( ) ( )570
(.)571
:" "( )572 :"

"( )573 :"
.)574(]...

(:)575"

:19.78 )568
:19.89 )569
:19.10-9 )570
:19.15-14 )571
:19 9 27.30 )572
:19.13 )573
:19.65 )574
:19 24 54 64 87 90.96 )575
037
"( )576
:" ...
"()577 "
"()578:"
"()579 :"
... "
:" "(.)580

:
"

( )581
"(.)582

:19.8 )576
)577 :7.16
:19 14 21 83 88.91 )578
:19 25 45.55 )579
:19.20 )580
)581

()Vouru-Kasha
. : :19.51
()Frangrasyan
:19.56 . :
:19.52 )582
038


(.)583
: -

:" ...
.)584("... .
"( )585 :" ] :"
"( .)586
:"
"( )587 :" "(.)588

.
-

()Fravashis

:

)583 :1 9.25
)584 :7.26
)585 .21
)586 :24.4
)587 :66.5
)588 :7.1
041


.

(.)589

:

( )590 (.)591
: (()Gaya Maretan )Gayomard/
( )Kavi Vishtaspa

( )

.

) (

)589 84 86172
2.347
)590 . : :71.2
.
:13.86 )591
040
.

.

(
)(.)592
:"
.)593("...





(.)594

.
( )595 .
:"

:13.87 :162 )592 :234-1:425:26 3-2 511-7


)593 :26 4.6
:13.16-2 )594
)595 :23.1
041
"(.)596
(.)597

:" .)598("...
:"...
)599("...
( .)600
(.)601
()gah Aiwisruthrem( )

(.)602 ( )603

/ /
( .)604

:13.12 )596
)597 .173
:13.55 )598
:13.34 )599
:13.42 )600
:13.148 )601
:210 :1.7 )602
)603 :2.17
)604 :2 611:4 6 16 2224:6 5 1019:7 8 1322:244:261
:1346 :1 19.30 :665:713 :71
042
: ()605

(.)606

( .)607
:
] "

". :
"
]


"(.)608

(.)609

)605 :32:618:1021:162:245:71.2
)606 :1.30
:13.51 )607
:13.73 )608
)609 :23.4
043
- ()610



: ( )611
( )612 ( )613 :
" .)614("...
:

( )615 ( )616


( )( .)617

)610
.
)611 :215:6.14 : :420
". : :717 :"
: :1.30
)612 :36:49:6.3
)613 :21.3
)614 :60.12
)615 :419:613:716 :4.1
)616 :66.12
)617 :71.12
044
()618 (.)619 :
" "(.)620

:" ( )


]"( )621 :" (...)

()622
:" ( )... ]"
]
)623("...

(:)gah Aiwisruthrem" ...
... "()624

(.)625 :" "( )626

)618 :41 :1.2


)619 :1.30
)620 :7.2
)621 :6.5
)622 :7.8
)623 :6.13
)624 :1.7
)625 :1 20.22
045
gah (
.)627()Aiwisruthrem
: (()Ashi Vanguhi
)( )628 (.)629


:
.1

....
.2 .

.
-

:

(.)630

)626 :1.6
)627 :1.7
)628 :716 :1.25
:151 :1.2 )629
)630 :217:4 822:6.16
046
:" (
) ( )


"( )631 :"


"( )632 :"


"(.)633




.


:

)631 :4.15
)632 :6.9
)633 :7.12
047
( )634 :"
"(.)635 (.)636

.
(.)637
:" ...
"(.)638






.

:" "(.)639

)634 :71.3
)635 :71.4
)636 :71.23
)637 :613:723:14.3
)638 :24.3
)639 :7.22
048
.

(.)640

)640 :71.12
051
.0 : :
. 6102


.

.
.
:

.


.



.


.
.6
. 6102

.
: .3
: : .0421-0492

050
6102 .
-


.

" " 1991-1945


.1950-1945
:

.
.9 :
. 6102









.


.

051
:




.

.2

6102 .

27-23 1917



. 125-


.
1917
.

.2

6102 .



- -

052
:

.
.


.
.


1962 1947 1950




.
.7 0412-0949
6102 .


.

.


.

053
.

.
- .1905-1904
.9
. 6102 :








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.




.

.




054


.









.
( .4
:)
. 6102





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.01 : ( )

6102

055
.


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.00( )
6102

.


.
.
.06 : .0474-0490
. 6102


( ).



.


( ).

056





1975 .


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057

:


.
:






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