BTM 3101

PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

.

. .
.
, .
.

, :

1.
.

2. .

BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

1.

.
. .
, , ,
, , ,
.
. .

1.

. (voiceless)

, .
(vocal chords) . .
.
. (voiceless) .

.
.
. .
(glottis) . (glottal
stop) .

(glottis) (voiceless).
.
.
(vibrations) . (voiced sounds) .
b, g, d
. p, c, t . b, g, d
(voiced) . p, k, t (voiceless) .
BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

. (whispers)

, ,
(whispers) . (glottis)
(friction) .
, (pitch) .
.

( )

. (stop)
,
. (, , ).

. (spirant or fricative)
,
. (, , f ).

. (nasal)

.
. (resonance)
. (, , , , , ).

. (trill)

, .
.

. (lateral)

.
. ;
. (latern fricative) . ,
. , .
BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

. (flap)

()
. . , .
: . ,
.
(velar sounds). ()
. , , . soft
palate velum .

2.

(pharynx)
. (root)
. (q) . qoran q
. . (uvular)
(uvular stop) .

3. (oral cavity)

. ,
.

. (consonants)

,
. (voiced sounds),
(voiceless sounds)
. ,
.
, , ,
.
.
.

. (palatals):

,
. ( - (palate) , .

. (retroflex):
, . ;
. , .
BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

. (alveolar):
. ,
.

. (dental): ,

. (labio dental):

. (bilabial): ,
- --90
.

. . ,
. (points of
articulation) .

(3 ) (articulator)
. (voiced). (voiceless) .
(manner) . , , ,
, , (modification) .

,
. (classification) . ,
, .

(k)
(g)
(c)
(j)
(t)
(d)
(t)
(d)






BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

, , ,
. .
1. High

2. Lower High

3. Higser Mid

4. Mid

5. Lower Mid

6. Higher Low

7. Low

(advancement of the tongue) .

, ( ) , , (
) . , .

(3*7-21)
. (lip rounding) ,
. (2*21-42)
. (phonetic script)
. 42
. .
. ,
, .

Low Central
High Front . .
High Back . .
Mid Front .
Mid Back .

. 42
. ,
BTM 3101
PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

. .
.

Most pure vocoid articulations in most languages can be described in

terms of three factors: lip position tongue-height and tongue
advancement. - Hocket. P.77

: (voiced sounds);
.

Vowels are modifications of the voiced sound that in volve no closure,

friction, or contact of the tongue or lips. They are ordinarily voiced.
-Bloomfield p.102

(front) (centre) (back)

Unround Rounded Unround Rounded .. .

ed ed ..
. .
High ..... .... ....
Lower ..... .... .... ..... .... ....
high
Higher ..... .... .... ..... ....
mid
Mid ..... .... ..... .... .....
Lower ..... .... ..... .... ..... .....
mid
Low ..... ..... ..... .....

.
. , . -
. , .
- ;
. , . .
, .
, .
.
BTM 3101 PENGANTAR LINGUISTIK BAHASA TAMIL

CLASSIFICATION
MANNER &
MODIFICATIO
N
(p) .... (t) .... (t) (k) q ?

(b) .... (d) .... (d) (g) G ....

.... f .... .... .... .... ....
.... V .... Z .... .... .... .... ....
.... .... ....
.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....
.... .... .... .... , .... .... ....

.... .... .... .... .... .... .... ....

 Kod dan Nama Kursus

.
. : ,
(affricate) .
. ,
.
.

, (frictionless retroflex continuant).

, (half-lateral and half-friction retroflex)
; - (lateral retroflex continuant) .
, .
(frictionless palatal continuant).
(frictionless labial continuant). (, )
(semivowel) . ,
(t) .
. .
(trill) .

1


.

2: .

9
 Kod dan Nama Kursus

,
, , ,
, , , ,
.

,
, , ,
, , , ,
.

, -

() (. 75)

,
(. 76)
( )
()

. (. 77)
( )

. (. 78)

. (. 79)

10
 Kod dan Nama Kursus

. (. 80)
. (. 81)
. (. 82)
. (. 83)


. (. 84)
. (. 85)
. (. 86)

2

.

11