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,

4.
10. 2014 .

.

1. (20.10)


2. (27.10 3.11)
3. / (10.11)

4. (17.11 24.11)



5. (9.12)
6. (, ) (15.12 22.12)


7. (23.12)
8. (29.12)
9. () (30.12)
10.

.
2

()
()
(non-interceptible processes)

-
(Observable deterioration processes) (fast unfolding processes sudden events)

-




(slow non-observable deterioration processes)



()

.
3

.
4

.
5

.
6
Tjrn ()

.
7

.
8

.
9



-
(

)


,
,
- ()
-
,
,
, () -
-



fib 34 2006
.
10

. 11


( )




()
()

/

P C

.
12
/





(= +
)


.
13


(=)

.

( , )
()
( )
( )
( )
20%
80%

.
14

: 5 6
: 2




, ,


:


.
15
-
, , , ,
,
(Schmidt- )
, ,
pH ()
,
,


,

,

(Rapid chloride
tester)

.
16

.
17

.
18

?




?
, , ,
( ?)


/

->

.
19
:


,
+ .













()

,
(
,

, )
.

.
20
:
. ,





()
.



-




S 235


150 m2


()
,
(,

(
,
, )
)
.

.
21
:
&
,







-





()
.





-



(, )
S 235
150 m2



.
22

. 23
(1)






(Non-destructive testing)

Data fusion

.
24
(2)





()





.
25

(k.cm)
< 10
10-50
50-100
COST 509 >100

.
26
. 27

2
Pa Pi Pa P0
ln
Vc Pa Pi Pa P0

kT
Ac 2 Pa t t0 720 s


kT (Torrent) m 2

= Ns/m 2

1 m3

Vc
= , 0.15 m3 /m3
Ac 1 m 2

Pa N/m 2

t s
t0 s
Pi 1 t N/m 2
P0 1 t0 N/m 2

. 28
. 29
. 30
. 31

.
32

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