How The Plant Cell Makes Proteins

In the plant cell, there are mainly 4 organelles involved in the synthesis of
proteins, which is the nucleus, Rough ER, Golgi Apparatus and ribosomes.

In the making of proteins, the nucleus first synthesises mRNA (Messenger

Ribonucleic Acid) according to instructions given out by the DNA. The mRNA then
travels out of the nucleus through the nuclear pores and gets translated into amino
acid sequences by ribosomes. The synthesising by the ribosomes is initiated by the
AUG codon. The ribosome continues synthesising, reading 3 nucleotides at a time
until it reaches the termination codons, UAA, UGA and UAG, which tells the
ribosome to stop producing proteins as the protein is completed.

After the protein is synthesised, it is then sent to the Rough ER. It folds into a
three-dimensional shape from a string of amino acids. When the protein is ready to
be exported, the Rough ER packages it into a transport vesicle and sends it to the
Golgi Apparatus.

The Golgi Apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging these

macromolecules for cell secretion or use within the cell, with its primary use as
modifying proteins delivered from the Rough ER. One side of the Golgi Apparatus
serves as the receiving dock for transport vesicles. The vesicle from the Rough ER
containing proteins will fuse with the Golgi sac, thus transferring its contents to the
Golgi Apparatus with it. Upon receiving the proteins, the Golgi Apparatus will
chemically modify them. Finally, the proteins will sent sent to various parts of the cell
or even out of the cell to perform their various functions when they are ready.

In different plant cells, they perform different functions, such as transport and
storage within the cell.

References:

http://www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/584proteinsyn.html

http://www.biology-online.org/1/7_protein_synthesis_2.htm