MOBILE POWER CRANE AND EXCAVATOR AND HYDRAULIC CRANE STANDARDS PCSA STANDARD NO. 4 _______ {supersedes PCSA Standards No.1 and No.2)A BUREAU OF ‘CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY (MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION The Power Crane and Shovel Association, formed in 1943 by United States manufacturers of power cranes and shovels, is one of the oldest and most Fespected MANUIACLUTEr Groups tr the Constrectiorr tdastry————~ In 1962, the decision was made to operate under the sponsorship of the Construction Industry Manufacturers Association. The companies which made up the Pawer Crane and Shovel Association already were members of CIMA and this move resulted in closer contact with other segments of the Construction Industry. It also resulted in greater economy of operation with- out diminishing the benefits to its members. PCSA has become recognized as the spokesman for the Industry in domestic and overseas activities and liaison with the Federal Government. Foremost among its activities hes been the promotion of members’ products on an overall Industry basis, Related to this has been the establishmentand updating of Industry standards in keeping with the advances of technology in newer materials and methods to give the manufacturer, the owner and the operator meaningful guidelines ‘The publishing of Technical Bulletins and Manualsis an important function of the Association. Not only have these bean well received by those directly connected with the Indusiry, but colleges and universities in this country and abroad have found them very desirable as technical reference books for classes being conducted in engineering studies. Many have been published in foreign languages. thie Rublicationwhichis oneofaseries,isanexempleofhow themembersof____________ _- the Power Crane and Shovel Association have combined their efforts in a Morthanil pret PCSA; FOREWORD ‘This standard and recommendations wore devetoped by Particular emphasis is placed on the latest recom- theTechnicel Committee ofthe PowerCraneandShovel mended engineering practices and method of specifica ‘Association(PCSA),a Bureauetthe Construction ndus- tion for the industry. Where epplicable, reference to try Manufacturers Association (CIMA). They are in- other technieal stenderds and recommended practices tended to encompass only mobile cranes described in _are included. Acknowledgement for use of theses made the SCOPE to the following: Society of Automotive Engineers ‘ff Road Machinery Technical Committee 490 Commonweaith Drive Warrendele, Pennsyivania USA 15096-0996 Construction Industry Manufacturers Association 711 East Wisconsin Ave. Mitwaukee, Wisconsin USA 53202-4879 Technical Committee, Power Crane and Shovel Association Note: Published in May, 1983; revised April, 1986. and May, 1988.TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION PAGE FOREWORD. 3 1. PURPOSE ... 5 2. SCOPE . 5 3, BASIC MOBILE CRANE « 6 4, MOBILE CRANE WORKING EQUIPMENT 9 5. SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA . 1“ 6, MOBILE CRANE CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS "7 7, GLOSSARY AND ABBREVIATIONS «1.0.4... 19 ADDENDUM A. . 24 PCSA Crane Rating Classification’ Revised and Approved May 3, 1988 REFERENCED MATERIAL* ‘A. SAE J48, “Guidelines fer Fluid Level Incicators™ B, SAE J67 OCTAO, “Shovel Dipper, Clem Bucket, and Dragline Bucket Rating” SAE J115 SEP79, “Sofety Signs ‘SAE J159, “Safety Considerations for the Operator” E, SAE J185 JUNBI, Machines" F. SAE J223 APRO, "Symbols and Color Codes for Mai tenance Instructions, Container and Filler Identification” ‘Access Systems for Off-Road G. SAE 1288, "Universal Symbols for Operator Controls fn Industrial Equipment” H. SAE J695b, “Turning Ability and Off Tracking — Motor Vehicles" |. SAE J752b, “Maintenance interval — Construction Equipment J. SAE J753 APREO, “Lubrication Chart — Construction ‘and Industrial Machiner K. SAE J754a, “Lubricant Types — Construction and Industrial Machinery” -L— SAEJ765.0CT80,Crane-Load Stability Test Code: “Documents referenced In this standard are avaliable from CIMA in 9 separate put ‘SAE J881 OCTEO, “Lifting Crane Sheave and Drum Sizes” SAE J958MARBt rene Shovels SAE J959 OCTBO, “Lifting Crane, Wire-Rope Strength Factors" SAE J883 OCTAO, “Crene and Cable Excavator Basic Operating Control Arrangements'"(Alsosee "V" below) SAE J987 OCTED, “Crane Structures — Method of Test” SAE J1083 OCTEO, “Cantilevered Boom Crane Strve tures — Method of Test” SAE J1152. APRAO, “Braking Performance — Rubber- tired Construction Machines” {addendum section only) ~ Off-Road “Nomenclature end Dimensions tor SAE J1234, “Specification Definitions Work Machines” SAE J1349 DECBO, "Engine Power Test Code — Spark Ignition and Diesel Suggested Mobile Hydraulic Telescoping Crane Basic Operating Control Arrangement (Also see “P” above]na i it i A CAAA LG eA SS ASS SSS SSS SES SSS SS SECTION 1 PURPOSE 1.01 This Standard is designed to serve the follow- ing purposes: A ‘To establish uniform methods end procedures for the guidance of manufacturers, distributors ang users in c To promote fair competition. To reaifirm generally recognized and accepted rules of good practice in cesign, construction, and epplice- tion of the types of equipment covered her specifying mobile cranes endin resenting datacon- To provide mesns for identification and certification eae of products which meet the requirements of this B To serve #8 9 bosis for common understanding, standard. between buyersandsellers, in determining the cape- bilities and characteristics of machines end in con: ducting trade negotiations. SECTION 2 SCOPE 2.01 MACHINE TYPE This standacd applies to self-propelled mobile cranes, either crawler or wheeled undercarriage, with an eretrueture capable of rotation using a boom and function, Attachments, including clamshell, magnet, ‘ragline, pile driver, of adaptacions of the same, as later dascribed herein, may be applied in lieu of the Iifting service function. powered wire Tepe Tor Tiling Service ay theprinrary———— 2.02 UNIFORM SPECIFICATION DATA tion in manufacturers’ literature of the data an the 4 a aes ‘ai the time of major operating components makes possible conve- ae This standard does not cover local or special reguia~ ‘ venient HSsOCION 2.03 SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 2.04 CERTIFICATION scatiiie'ee tacning Secign Io cone uction that Standerd No. 4” may so indicate on their products and ERE etmatie sat tissayand he szoe oe tous. tt wth pe of labels shownin fugue 1__ eee this stancardto.cover the entire subject of sefely asi relates to the crane manufacturer. Therefore, the selety consideretions contained herein should be Use 8s 2 supplement to other applicable sefety codes, Insurance requirements, federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations. The safety of the operater ‘end nearby personnel depencs upon the ‘operator's care and judgment in the use of the crane, CIMa’s “Crane User's Safety Manual,” SAE J183, “Salety Considerations for the Operator.” end manu facturer's manuals point out important details that should be stressed in operator training. Although certifieetion is intended only for eranes which fully campy. i is recognized that new devel opments and practices may comply with the spirit ‘although net the letter of this standard. In such eases, Ceriificacionandlabeling ere permissible when varia, tions are clearly stipviated in specifications on con- tracts and, where applicable, are shown on capacity plates ar other signs on the machine. Compliance ‘with this standard is intended only for these cranes beering the PCSA label manufactured after the publi- cotion date of this standard.SECTION 3 BASIC MOBILE CRANE A parking swing brake is a device, such as e friction brake, to restrain the upperstructure in any desired position with respeet tothe undercarriage. (See Pera- graph 6.01.11.) 3.01 UPPERSTRUCTURE (REVOLVING) compar om y Beet ‘The upperstructure frame is the basic rotating struc- drauli¢ power back to mechanical force and mation. Acounterweight is @ weight used to supplement the consist of a winch, drum or hydraulic cylinder with ing loads. It is usually attached to the rear of the mechanism may be provided. The load hoist mecha- Se ares structure frame. iH ism. when properly. maintained and adjusted shall pe, ronmental protection and styling. Ce aaa, ree 3.01.8,1 Load Hoist Drums oe Operater «Stave hoist drum pitch diameter to nominal rope diameter peienor ene nieee rennet kiss 8. Rope Capacity — The drums shall have sufficient rope biden spre oy we near: tv a 2 motor, brake of lock, and gear tran. The swing Gee a eat eae aoe uu eet fone 0 in extreme positions stipulated by the manufacturer. Re PENEEAT OT TETON, 1S NIE Te UPPETSTrUCTOT R Scr tr = Bias ange. seahensig.ling augue ‘one or more fixed positions with respect to the under- eee See peri ane an ae ot carriage. When provided it shell be constructed to a fee eee eee eer ene ese prevent unintentiona! engagement or disengagement. ere Load lowering may be controlled by brekes acting on ‘drums, power load lowering or by other means. The lowering mechanism shall be capable of controlling rated loads,aaa a aa enna eran a Tanne ree OE OEE eer eet 3.0183 A Load Hoist Line Performance Availeble Line Pull — The line pull in kilograms (ko) {pounds {lb} developed by load hoisting mechanism or off the drum with specified pitch diameter drum or lagging [average pitch diameter of tapered drums), for the first ayer of rope, not exceeding thet developed by the driving mechanism torque. The manufacturer shall specify the canditions under which the aveilable Tine pull is developed. Fermissibla Line Pull — A tine pull, less than the available pull, restricted by rope strength, clutch or brake ebility, or other limitation in machinery or equipment. ‘Available Line Speed — The lina speed in meters per minute (m/min) [feet per minute (ft/min) at whe <écum, with specified plich diameter drum or tagging {overege pitch diameter for tapared drum). for the first layer of rope, The manufacturer shall specity the con- ditions under which the available line speed is de- veloped Boom Hoist Mechanism Defined as the mechanism to control the elevation of ‘the boom andto support the boom. A boom hoist may ~—-yerrape arc nranlitstriveorshydreuliccylinder(s)-——— In @ rope supporting and elevating arrangement, ‘boom lowering may be controlled by @ breke or by engagement to tne power train, The boom hoist mechanism shall be capable of elevating ard control ing boom end rated loed when adjusted according to manufacturer's specifications, The boom hoist mech~ anism shall be capable of supporting the boom and rated load without attention from the operator. For 8 rope supported boom, when used for other than iting rane service, Boom lawering may be controlled by @ brake or by engagement to the power trein. For hydraulic cylinder supported boom, when used for lifting crane service, boom lowering shall be possible only by release of loac check valve by positive pres sure from the power source. Boom Hoist Drums Drum Ratio — Minimum ratio of boom hoist drum ené sheave pitch diameters ta nominal rope diometers shall notbe less than 15 10 1.{See SAE JB81 OCT&O} Rope Capacity — The boom hoist drum or drums shell have sufficient rope capacity to operate the boom to highest angle parmittedwith recommended ope size __and reeving. Drum flange shell extend’ a minimum of 12.7 mm{(172 ineh} over top ayer of rope. Rope Reserves — No less than two full wraps of rope shall remain on the drum or drums with the boom point of erane, clamshell, magnet. dragline and pile driver sttachmeris lowered to the level of the ma- chine supporting suriece. ‘Adjustments — Clutches and brekes shail be provided ‘with adjustments where necessary tocompensate for wear and to ensure proper performance of these ‘components, 3.01.9.3, 3.01.10 3.01.11 3.01.19. 3.01.11.2 3.02 3.02.1 3.02.11 3.02.1.2 and retraction of-the.boom.—. A holding mechanism shall be provided for boom. ‘support regardiess of the type of drive, On rope boom support machines, a satchet and pawl or other positive locking device shall be provided to prevent unintentional lowering of the boom. For hydraulic cylinder boom support machines, @ holding device (such as load checks) shall be provided to prevent uncontrolled lowering of the boom, Crane boom hoisting and lowering times betwen minimum and maximum beom angles may be speci- fied witnout @ suspended load. Gantry A gantry is used on machines of the rope boom sup: porting type and isa structure mounted on the revolv ing upperstructure ofthe machine to which the boom ‘supporting ropes are attached, Gentries may be ‘available in different heights and types of verious conditions, Boom Telescope Mechanism Defined as the mechanism to contro! the extension ‘One telescoping boom, the retract function shall be capable of controlling rated load. A holding device (uctrasa toate! irbeprovidedat they lic eylinderts), ‘The time 1 fully extend and fully retract the telescopic boom may be specified without a suspended load. The boom telescaping extension and retraction time shall be measured at 8 boom angle of 60° from horizontal UNDERCARRIAGE The undercarriage san assembly which supports the Uupperstructure of the crane. It consists of an und cerriage frame, 2 swing bearing, or hook and load rollers, trevel mechanism, and steering mechanism. ‘The undercarriage may be either a crawler orwhecled twee. Crawler Undercarriage ‘The crawler undercarriage has parallel crewler assemblies, ‘Crawler Assembly ‘Acrewler assembiy ita track assembly with suppor'~ ing rollers, drive and Idler tumblers ot sprocket and fdler, track adjusting means and a tack frame. ‘Travel Mechanism Atrevel mechanism is the means of power transmis ‘ion tothe track assemblies to provide propulsion and Steering. The ‘ravel mechanism includes parking ‘and/or dynamic brekes. (See Paragraph 6.01.11.).3.02.1.3 3.02.1.4 3.02.2 3.02.21 ——3:02:2:2-—Travel- Control 3.02.2.2.4 3.02.2.2.2 3.02.2.3 A 3.02.2.4 Swing Bearing The swing bearing is the device which allows the Lupperstructure to rotate about the ax's of rotation with respect tothe undercerriage, and maintains the ragial and oxial position of the upperstructure with respect to the undercarriage. Outrigger An outrigger is @ member attached to the underear. riage frame which edjusts to rest on the ground to ineresse machine stability, Wheeled Undercarriage ‘A wheeled undercarriage has powered wheels or axles with wheels. ‘Travel Mechanism ‘Atravel'mechanism is the mesns of power trensmis: sion to the wheels to provide propulsion, The traval mechanism includes brakas. Generally, both dynamic ‘and parking brakes are provided. (See Peregreph 6.01.11) Single Operator Station wheeled unde ihe erator sta- tion has the travel controls in either the upperstruc- ture or the uncercerriage ‘Separate Operator and Transport Station ‘A wheeled undercarriage with seperate operator and transport station has the main over-the-road travel controls et a transporstationon the undercarriage. It has the working equipment controls, and possibly auxiliary travel controls, at an operator station inthe ‘upperstructure cab, Wheel and Axle Arrangement The wheeled undercarrlages are classified by two numbers, the first indicating the number of wheels, and the second indicating the number of wheels which are powered. For example: 4.x 4 signifies an undercarriage which has four wheels, all of which are powered for travel 6x4 signifies an undercarriage which has six wheels at wien Tour are powerat tor rave Rail:Wheol Attachment Wheeled underearriages are sometimes provided with auxiliary retractable, langed wheels for travel ing on railroad type rails. Generally the rail wheels are positioned so that enough weight remains on the tires, bearing against either rails or ties, to provide traction for both travel and braking, 3.02.25 3.02.2.6 3.02.27 3.03 3.03.1 .03,2__The-machine_sssoufacturer is oot responsible for 3.04 Complience with local regulations governing the use of such machines Both on public highways and/or public carrier tracks is the user's responsibility Outrigger ‘An outrigger is a member attached to the undercar- riage freme which adjusts to rest on the ground to inerease machine stability. ‘Swing Bearing ‘The swing bearing is the device which allows the Uupperstrueture to rotate about the axis or rotation with respect to the undercarriage and maintains the radial end axial position of the upperstructure with respact to the undercarriage. Ground Clearance See SAE 1234 Hydraulic System ‘The hydraulic system includes one or more pumps. valves, controls, hoses.tubing,motors,cylinders, etc, _ The hydraulic system converts mechanical power 10 hyéraulie power; transmits, controls and converts, hhyeraulie power back to mechenical force and motion. POWER PLANT ‘The power pleat for plants) includes the prime power source which mey be an internal combustion engine of elecirie mator, end the power take-off which may be direct drive, friction clutch, fluid coupling, hydro: dynamic torque convertor, hycrostatic, or an electric, generator tyoe, and may ar may not include @ ger ox Internal Combustion Engine Power at High Altitude Since neturally aspirated interna! combustion en- gines tend to lose power as altitude increases. the purchaser should specify the altitude at which the machine is to be used if this exceeds 914.4 m (3,000, feet) ebove sea level ‘compliance with lacal electrical codes, unless such compliance Is specified in the contract and copies of the codes are furnished by purchaser. POWER TAKE-OFF Power teke-off means from prime-power source may be direct drive, friction clutch, fluid coupiing, hydro- dynemie torque converter, hydrostatic, or an electric, ‘generator type.a aa aaa ieee eamaaersremnteretemennten meme nnn) TEE ree ee eee 3.08.1 Mechanical and Hydrodynamic Drives Iecnaricel and hydrodyemi dives shal sey nant tort to angage Where a ransmisin, ay hoot he flowing requirements Inaneuatpeson used in combination than A ‘The power take-off shal! include a disconnect clutch othe te eee contratled from the operator's station, Ed For machines using a hydrodynamic transmission, bn revelving upperucture mashinery ees, the the meene for daronnecting tne prime power fom Ghetennas ch anal be pondad sath pesilve thepower van maybe nine ananasion SECTION 4 401 LIFTING CRANE cata pandens The boom hls runing rope leeds tem hu goty fo te Towing om Parse, To SAE Figur 6) Machines (Se SAE 098 Manet, ewe 6) Machines wih hang boom tng I 1s pecnseery ony To Mang crane attaches ar used toate wer change the boom move and place loads. - a ©. ast Suspension — Simla o Pendant Suspension 4.01.1 Boom Structure theepterine lwingboem harness ssopporesby tara hinge near ne boom oe 401.14 _The boom and is suspension sytem ar ured to ee eee earaingondcrray rave oobi st Ue—g:otc1s6-—Boon Angle ndistor— ae cee An indicator showing the angle ofthe boo above ‘Shona shal be lated on the crave oe sry om soured. 7 visible to th fromhis position at the controls. persis ane boom angles te adustble by vero caerbedin Seaton 20%, Tre boom may Se ‘equipped with boom point sheaves end other parts 2s 401.1.8 Boom Length indicator Staucec Tho boom ay bo! several ert on Ttoscpie booms tat have on indicator shal show trectons ncaing te ftom Tho boom eng rom minimum fo maximum ore be te eee aninrotncopuatortomnissostonatinesontels fb Canilevered booms ined or telseonng Peer . epeaeanet ‘Stops shall be provided to resist the boom falling Gite atin a seknraonatcn nathvinsrapnaiien (S00 inSAE 88 MARAT, igure 8 Boom tenth ae is the straight fine through the centerline of boom fh ian oe telescoping Dien pivot pin tothe centerline of the boom point load hoist 8. A shock absorbing bumper. Bee pads te egmuteataes oe /ec +e ieaefeisanuninise iien al theteom etetiaeataeas 4.01.4.8 Boom Hoist Limiter ete eee ‘boom heist imi or shut! shou ba prow to ‘above horizontal of the langitudinal axis of the boom. automatically stop the boom hoist when the Boom oe receae a predcorine® nigh angle {01-14 Boom Host Ropes 4014.9 Lond Hooks (For the rope boom supporting type.) ee 7 fe Loachoote andloedblck shat be weighteoover- A. caninou upenon— Soon holt rnp reditiensattone tm te phen hod poston or sensei wanoatinerunton rome grey 9 peal teats om he ast nook pian the boom head. If the boom is lengthened or short- hoist rope, using manufacturer's recommended reev- ened by cansgrabe amu ay be esessary reesei lade obo ites Alene cork hooks ar errs ice eee ball assemblies shall be equipped with latches end Fondant Suspasion—A\loating boom hanes. br patnanemly ested whine ated eapscty ane dle, or spreader equipped with sheaves is connected to the boom upper section by stationary ropes usually ‘weight, Latches are intended only to retain loose rig ding, The latch is not @ load supporting device,_4.01.1.10 4.01.2 4.01.3 Jib or Boom Tip Extension {Seo "19" in SAE J958 MARE1, Figure 6.) An exten- sion attached to the hoom head to provide added boom length for handling specified loads. The jib may be in line with boom or hoist. ‘Jibs or boom tip extensions which can pivot in opera: tion shall be equipped with stops to resist falling backwards. Rated Loads (See Paragraph 6.02.1.) Lifting crane rated loads at specified radil shall not exceed the following percen- tages of tipping load {Paragraph 6.01.18) at specified radius {(e) Crawler Machines 75% {b) Wheeled Mechines 75% {c} Machines on Outriggers, 85% 4.02 Rated loads shall be based on the direction of min- imum stability, unless otherwise specified. Allowable Rope Loading The strength factors for wire rones shail not be less than those specified in SAE J959 OCTEO. Running Stending 4.02.1 Reted erene loads for recommended boom lengths at recommended radi. Basis of rane rating: firm, level, and uniform support- ing surface, outrigger position(s}, rating percentage (Paragreph 4.01.2) practical working load definitions. (Paragraph 6.02.2}. Rated loads based on factors ‘other than stability shall be so Indicated, Maximum foads in relation to recommenced rope size ‘and strength end number of parts in hoist tackle (see Paragraph 4.01.3). Allowances to be made to rated loads on the boom ‘when attachments such as [ibs are mounted. Data on ibs: Available lengths, permissible offsets and rated loads. CLAMSHELL Clamshell Equipment (See "21" in Figure 6, SAE J958 MARB1.) Machines: ‘with clamshell attachments are used to loed materiel from stockriles, gondola cars, barges, and the like, or from virgin soil generally out of small area holes, deep trenches, ar from below water. Orange peel buckers, —-srapples,-dnd.similar-rope.suspended.attachments 4.01.4 ‘Supporting Rated Losd 35 30 are included in this classification. ‘Supporting Boom and Attech= ments at Gantry Height to 4.02.1.1 Clamshell Bucket Seco ooate ‘Aclamshell bucket canba operated elther by ropes or Level for Erection 30 28 hydraulic evtinders, Rotation resistant cape shall havea strength factor of not less than 5. The rope strength factor shatl be considered to be total “nominal” breaking strength of all ropes in the eystem divided by the load imposed on the rope sys ‘tem when supporting the static weights of structure and crane rated Icad (Peragraph 4.01.2). Sheave Diameters Ratios of sheave pitch diameter to nominal rope diameter shall not be less than those specified in SAE Standard J881 OCTBO. ‘Sheave Pitch Diameter Minimum Ratio To Rope Diameter Load hoisting sheaves A rope operated bucket usually consists of two or more similer scoops hinged together and 2 heed assembly connected to the outer corners of the scoopsby struts. When the head and hinge are pulled toward each ather, the scoaps are forced together to ig and hold material. Control is by @ holding line reoved over 2 boom point sheave and attached to the heed assembly to support the bucket in open position and ususlly by a clasing line also reeved aver a boorn point sheeve, ending in a force amplifying tackle or other means batwean the head assembly and scoop hinge to close the bucket. A hydraulic clamshell bucket usually consists of 1wo for more scacps hinged to head assembly housing the hydraulic cylinder or cylinders and the force amplifying linkage to open and close the sccops and ‘to supply the digging force for the scoops. The bucket assembly is suspended from the boom by a rope. Beceuse digging bility is largely dependent upon 4.01.6 4.01.6 fon boom 18.0101 Load hoisting sheaves ‘rrtower ts 12040 Boom hoisting sheaves 150101 Drum Diameters For drum to rope diameter ratios, see 3.01.8.1(A) and, 3.01.9.1(8). Crane Rating Chart Aloadrating chart and/or label(s) shell be locatedon 99.4.5 the crane to be available to the operator from his position ot the control. It shall includ 10 4.02.12 ‘bucket weight, buckets ore Suppliedin varlous weight classes which range from light for easily dug stock- piled materials to heavy for excavating a hard pan material and the like, Boom ‘See Paragraph 4.01.1 Boom Angle Indicator See Paragraph 4.01.1.5,4.02.2 4.02.24 4.02.2.2 Tagline ‘A wire rope attached to the bucket and a spring loaded, counterweighted, or powered unit keeping it intension to retard rotation and pendulum swaying ot the otherwise freely suspended bucket. Clamshell Rating Shall be the lesser value as determined by Pero- graphs 4,02.2.1, 4.02.2.2 or 4.02.23, Rated Loads (See Paragraph 6.02.1.) The combined weight of the 4.02.6 clamshell bucket and contents shall not exceed 90% of the Crane Rated Load at specified redius. 4.03 Maximum Clamshell Load 4.03.1 ‘The combined weight of bucket and contents shall not exceed the limits imposed by allowable rope loading (Paragraph 4.02.3) ‘Mechanical Drive Machines — For normal operation, the combined weight of bucket and contents should not exceed 70% of the available closing fine pull [Paragraphs 3.01.8.3(8) and 5.03.4). -Nolt*Prime Power-Scurce-and/or-Other-Type Driv Machines — For normal oparation, the combined weight of bucket end contents should not exceed the permissible closing line pull [Paragraph 3.01 8.316!) Rated clamshelllosce for racommendedboom lengths at recommended radi. Basis for clamshell rating: firm, level, and uniform supporting surface: rating percentage (Paragraph 4,02,2) and precticat working load definitions (Para- graph 6.02.2) Maximum weight of clamshell bucket and contents (Paragraph 4.02.2) Notes on the erane rating chart may be used inliewot 2 separate chart Clamshell Bucket Capacity Rating See SAE JE7 OCTBO. MAGNET Magnet Equipment (See "26" in Figure 8, SAE J958 MARB1.) Machines with magnet attachments are used to handle ferrous products in either the form of raw materials as pig iron and serap, or 8s semi-finished billets, plates end castings, An electromagnet is suspended from the crane hook, OWErED Tone yeneratur-andreyulated attheoner ator’s station, ‘on bucket size that apply to particular machines, and ‘ La Angle Indi ‘See Paragraph 4.07 rhe reausaied: (0 eet ete 4.03.1.4 — Magnet Generator — Used to produce current to 4.02.3 Allowable Rope Loading ‘energize the electromagnet. whan eupporting the static weights of structure aoe 2.1.4.08. 4.03.2.3. Paragraph 4.01.3 for allowable rope loading. posea te nate eee included es support for @ loaded bucket. radius of operation shall not exceed 90% of Crane 4.02.4 Sheave Diameters ee eet oney exceed the limits imposed by allowable rope load: Sa ‘paolo ee oe Metianical DriveMachines™=Fornormetoneration: Boom hoisting sheaves 15.0101 Machines — For normal operetion, the combined 4.02.5 Clamshell Rating Chart permissible line pull [Paragraph 3.01.8.3(8)]. trols. It shall include n which may apaly particular machine or operation._ 4.03.3 4.03.4 4.03.5 Allowable Rope Loading See Paragraph 4.01.3, Sheave Diameters See Paragraph 4.01.4, Magnet Rating Chart, A load rating chart shall be located on the machine available to the opereter from his position at the con ‘vols. It shall include: Reted magnet loads for recommended boom lengths at recommended radi, Basis of magnet rating: firm, level, and uniform sup- porting surface; rating percentaga Paragraph 4.03.2); ‘and practical working load definitions {Peragreph 6.02.2). Maximum weight of megnet end foed (Paragraph 4.03.2), Notes on the crané ‘a soparate chart. ting chart may be used in lieuof DRAGLINE (See "22" in Figure 6, SAE J958 MARB1,) Machines with dagline sttachments are generally used to ‘excavate material from below the grade on which the 4.04.2.3 4.04.3 Multi Prime Power Source and/or Other Type Drive Machines — For normal operation, the combined ‘weight of Bucket and contents should not exceed the permissible hoist line pull [Paragraph 3.01.8.3(8) ‘The manufacturer should state eny other limitations ‘on bucket size that apply to particular machines and, when requested, to particular operations. Dragline Rating Chart A load rating chart shall be located on the machiné ‘available to the operator from his position at the con: trols. It shall include: Reted dragline leads for recommended boom lengths at recommended radi Basis of dragline rating: flem, level and uniform sup- porting surface; rating percentage (Paragraph 4.04.2), ‘and practical working [oad definitions (Paragraph 6.02.2}. Maximum weight of dragline bucket and contents, (Paragraph 4.04.2) Notes eon the crane rating chart may be used in lieu of a separate chart sain See SAE J87 OCTBO. icket Capacity Rating 4.04.11 4.04.12 4.04.13 4.04.2 4.04.24 4.04.22 Tiina fs pra A dragline bucket is loaded by the drag rope pulling it ‘toward the maching, is lifted and carried by the hoist rope reeved over the boom peint sheave, and is bal- ancedby the dump rope interconnecting the drag and hoist ropes. Buckets are supplied in various weight classes renging from light for loose formations to heavy for compact 10 cemented formations. Boom — see Paragraph 4.01.1 Fairlead — A device to guide wire rope for proper spcoling. Dragline Load Rating Shall be the lesser velue as determined by Pere: graphs 4.04,2.1, 4.04.2.2 or 4.04.2.. Rated Loads {SeeParagreph 6.02.1.) The combined weight of drag- line bucket and contents shall not exceed 100% of Grane Rated Load. Maximum Dragline Load ‘The combined weight of bucket and contents shall not exceed the limits imposed by allowable rope loading (Paragraph 4.02.3). Mechanica! Drive Machines — For normal operation, the combined weight of bucket and contents should rot exceed 70% of the available hoist line pull. [Pera~ graphs 3.01.8.3(4) and 5.03.4.) 4.05 4.08.1 4.05.1.1 12 PILE DRIVER Pile Driver Equipment (See “23” Figure 6, SAE J983 OCTEO.) Machines with pile driver attachments are used to drive or extract piling Pile Drive Units These units include the following Drop Hammer — A simple weight sliding in leads, ‘whieh is raised by the hoist machinery and allowed 10 rep on the upper end of the pile, can be used to drive both vertical (plumb) and off-vertical (better) piling. Power Hammer — A unit, usually guided by leads, that resis on the upper end of the pile and which contains within tsetf a member ram) which is caused to reciprocate either by means of externally supplied steam, bydeeulicfluid unc ira. oy inter ral camaustion within the unit. Itcan be used tocrive both plumb and batter piling. Vibrator — A unit which normally is firmly clamped or fixed to the upper end of the pile and which contains elements that produce vibratory forcos, usually longi- tudinal, ia the pile. The weight of the unit, in some cases supplamentedby counterweightor other down: ward forces, when added to the vibratory forces, drives the ple It can be used to drive both plumb and batter piling.4.08.15 Extractors ‘These units include the following: Pulling frame —A mechanism which amplifies hoist- ing forces to permit direct extraction of piling. Power extractor — A unit hanging from the hoist line or block andattached te the upper end of the pile and containing within itself a member (car) which is causedto reciprocate either by means of an externally supplied air, steam, hydreulic fluid under pressure, or by internal combustion within the unit. Upward pull fromthe hoisting machinery supplements the extrac- sion forces, Vibrator — Same as deseribedin 4.05.1.1 except that upward forces in excess of the weight of the unit ere added by means of the hoist machinery in order to extract the pile NOTE: When power or vibratory extractors are em ployed, high hoisting forces are usually required, and fa shock absorber or vibration isolator interposed. between the hoist line end the extractor is racom- mendad to reduce the shock and vibration transmit- tad to the boom and machine. Boom See Paragraph 4.01.1 Pile Leads ‘These units include the following: Box or Parallal — A structure consisting of two paral lal, properly shapec members suitably interconnected whieh form a guide within or on which the pite driving unit and pile cap may operate, Spud — A structure consisting of a single suitably shaped member on which the pile driving unit and pile cap. when equipped with suiteble guides. may operate. Pile Load Attachment The pile leads may be attached to the basic machine rane boom in several ways including: Free Swinging — Where the leads are suspended by ‘one of the hoist eables, Underhung or Fixed — Where the upper ends of the leads ere hinges directly et or near tha boom point. euis may be provided to tle the lower end into the machine, 4.08.1.6 4.08.1.7 4.05.1.8 4.05.2 4.05.2.4 4.05.2.2 4.05.2.9, 13 Extended or Cantilevered — Where leads are at- tached similarly tothe undarhung method except thet in addition to the lead hanging below the boom point, it extends upward for some distance above the boom point 2s well, This construction permits the driving of piling in lengths in excess of the boom length, Pile Cop An adepter between the pile driving unit and the ‘upper endof the pile used to center the pile under the pile ceiving unit and to reduce damage to the upper {and of the pile, Cushion Block ‘A meane of reducing impact damage to hammer anc pile. This unk: usually consists of plastic or wood cushioning material sultably retained and positioned between pile driving hammer and pile cap. Use of wire rope, steel plates, or other such inelastic mate-~ rial as cushioning means is not normally acvisable. Extra Drums Machines equipaed with pile driving attachments may be equipped with more than twe heisting drums to meet the various needs of this operation. Load Capacity When driving plumb piling, the combined weights of Teads, pile driving unit pile, and any etteched appur: tenances should no: exceed the rated lifting capacity of the machine with the boom length used at tne operating radius. If piling is tobe driven at a fore and aft batter (off-vertical but lying in @ vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of ma- chine and boom), necessary allowances for ihe chaages in radil of centers of gravity of leads, pile driving unit, and pile must be made to avoid exceeding the rated lifting capacity. Great care must be exer cisad for side-batter (pile inclined out of @ vertical plane passing through the longitudinal centerline of machine and boom| 8s such operation imposes severe demends uponboth strength and stability of machines, 50 employed. When extracting piling, the combined weight of the extractor plus pling plus piling-resistance should not exceed 70% of the crane rated load or 70% of the rated line pull ‘The manufacturer should state any other limitation PETETOT. ‘which may apply toa particular machine oiSECTION 5 SPECIFICATIONS AND DATA 5.01 UPPERSTRUCTURE 5.02.14 Brokes Locks or brakes shail be provided cepable of prevent- 5.01.1 Swing Speed ing track assembly rotation, without travel power ap- Manufacturer should specify speed atteinable on. plied, on any grade the crane is capable of climbing. level ground, rpm, Brakes are not intended to prevent skidding, Manu: facturer shall specify the type of holding means provided, 5.01.2 Swing Lock or Swing Brake AA swing lock or swing brake shall be provided. The 5-02.1.5 Crawler Dimensions manufacturer shell specify the type furnished. (Refer, Dimensions specifiedby the manufacturer shall beas 103.01.6.1, 3.01.8.2, and 3.01.6.3) shown in SAE J988 MARB1 5.01.3 Load Hoist Mechanism teen an ten The effective bearing length of each crawler assem- pene eee eraere bly on the ground is computed as the nominal center A Available fine pull [Refer to 3.01.8.3(A), to center length, Jp, plus 36% of (J, minus J). The a {otal crawler essembly bearing area is computed by . Serene rete eeepc oe multiplying the effective crawler assembly bearing Aveilable line speed [Refer 10 3.01.8.3{C) length (as sbove defined) of both crawler assemblies by the wiath of the track shoe, See Figure 2. “Sora ~ Cantey acest eeaeearia ee Manufacturer shall specify A, Condition of use. “Wy 8 Whether fixed or lowerable. 17 Ate. eimensons ADJUSTMENT RANGE —= eae NOMINAL CENTER TO CENTER LENGTH Upperstructure dimension (see SAE J958 MARI}. Us} (AT THE MIOPOINT OF ADJUSTMENT) EFFECTIVE LENGTH 5.02 UNDERCARRIAGE peer eare : NOMINAL OVERALL LENGTH 5.02.1 Crawler Undercarriage Wa 5.02.1.1 Gradeability Figure2 ‘Manufacturer shall specify gradeability for crane without load in percent of grace that allows satistac- tory travel, and idemity the limiting factor(s] such as engine lubrication, drawbar pull, traction, steering. or 5.02.1.7 Ground Pressure aerate Grounc pressure shall be specified andis the average pressure in kPa{psi) cerived by dividing the tote! work- BO212 Speed ing weight of the machine but without lose, by the crawler assembly bearing area. Machine configura, Manufacturer shall specify tavel speed (or speeds if tion shall be specified, more than one is vallabla} attainable under specified conditions, km/h (mph), " 5.02.2 Wheeled Undercarriage 5.02.1.3 Steering 5.02.2.1 Separate Engine Crane shall be capable of being steered right and left When the undercarriage has a seperate engine, the In both directions of travel. Counter rotation ability power plant shall be specified according to Section should be specified, 5.03. 14* 6,02.2.2 5.02.2.3 5.02.24 5.02.26 Gradeabitity 8 Manufacturer shall specify gradeabilty for machine ‘without load In percent of grade that allows satisfac- tory travel, and identity the limiting factor(s) such @8 engine lubrication, drawbar pull traction, steering, or braking ability, etc. Speed 5 Manufacturer shall spacify travel speed (or speeds if morethanoneisavailable) atieinableunderspecified conditions, km/h (mph. " Steering K ‘Manufecturer shall specify the “Turning Diameter— ‘Wall to Wall,” m (fs), and "Turning Diameter.” m (ft) for each mode of steering (see SAE J6956, “Turning Abilityend Off Tracking — Mctor Vehicles"). Machine ‘shall be capable of being steered right andieft in both directions of travel. Describe auxiliary steering sys~ tem if used. Brakes Brakes shall be provided to meat applicable regula- tions, Alse see SAE J1152 APREO, “Braking Perfor- ct ined tion, Spark ignition or diesel Number of eylinders, bore and stroke, mm (in). dis- placement, cm? [in’), end two or four eycle, Naturally aspirated, blown, supercharged, or turbo- charged, Special characteristics, such as after-cool- ing, it employed. Liquid or air cooled. Type of st fing equipment and voltage if applicable ‘Type of generating equiament including voltage and ampersge. Rated engine speed, rom. Gross engine power, KW (hp), end nat engine power, KW {hp}, rated speed, (rpm). (See SAE J1349 DECEO, Engine Power Test Code — Spark Ignition and Diesel”) Fuel tank capacity, (ell Altitude limitations, m (ft. Cooling system refill capacity, L (gal. Lubricating oi! refill capacity, L (qt. Slope operation limitations, percent of grade. Tocks or brakes shell be provided capable” ot preventing wheel rotation, without travel power @p- §.03,2 _Electrie Motor Data plieg, on any grade the machine is capable of limb: Bakes a id skidding Manvfacturer shall specity Manufacturer shall specify thetype of holdingmeans A, ‘Alternating or direct current, veltage, and frequency, provided He 5.02.2.6 Wheeled Crane Dimensions 8 ‘Type of motor. Dimensions shown by the menufecturer shall be 2s Motor rating [eontinuous, or intermittent time), KY shown in SAE J85B MAR@1 Ap), at rated speed, rpm. 6.02.2.7 Remote Control a ery Undereacriege functions conirolled from the upper- structure shall be specified 5.03.3. Pumps 5.02.2.8 Outriggers Manufacturer shall specify for each main pump: Menutacturer shell speci: Tyee. A Number and location of outriggers 8. Engine to pump speed ratio. 8 ‘Whether outriggers are fixed or extendable: ifexten- Flow, L/min (gpm), et specified pressure, KP@ (psi) dable, whether telescoping or hinged, and whether and speed, rom, operated manually or by power ©. Maximum working pressure, KPa (psi). ‘ Whether jacks and supporting floats ore furnished: if furnished, whether jacks are manval or powered. if ——iocks-are-lurnished-type-at-lock-shal-be-specified ___§,03,4__Mechanical.and Hydrodynamic. Drives —___ . ‘Whether cutrigger boxes are permanently ettached Net delivered horsepower end speed ot the power or removable toke-off shaft shall be specified, Machine perfor e \Whather outriggers are separately controled tmence specifications shall be besad on this power. Hydrostatic Drives 5.03 POWER PLANT ene Net delivered horsepower end speed at the flywheel 5.03.1. Internal Combustion Engine Data shall be specified. For hydraulic functions, perfor- ee a ‘mance specifications shall be based on the pump’s enter netgallonage at specified pressure and ecommended A Engine make and model number, cil perating temperature 155.04 WORKING EQUIPMENT 5.04.2.3_ Forhoisting mechanisms for hydraulic oper shel: PCr Te ting Crane Date Drum Pitch Diameter, The manufacturer shall publish the following data ‘Avaliable Line Pull see Paragraph 8.01.8.31A0. 5.04.1.1 Data on load reting chart (see Peregraph 4.01.6) Permissible Line Pull see Paregraph 3.01.8.3(8. B, Available Line Speed [see Paragraph 3.01 8.31C}) 5.04.1.2 Telescopic boom information (it applicable} _ ore A List the maximum telescopic travel length of each 5.04.24 For opening and closing mechanism for hydraulic boom telescopic section operated clamshell 8. Specify whether sections ere telescoped with power Hydraulic Flow, L/min (apm). oF manuel 8. Hydraulic Pressure, KPa (psi, c Procedure for extending end retracting telescopic boom section. 5.04.3 Magnet Data 5.04.1.3 Height of boom point load hoist sheave pin for per- i mistible boom contiguretions and operating renges. ‘The menufecturer shal furnish the following data: 6 a aectieer coes Poise amar haut mechani 5.04.3.1 Data on magnet rating chert (see Paragraph 4.03.5) A Drum Piten Diameter 5.04.3.2 For holst drum: 8. Available Line Pull [s¢e Paragraph 3.01 8.314) A Brum Pitch Diemater. c Permissible Line Pull[see Paragraph 3.01 8.318). 5 Avaliable Line Pull [see Paragraphs 3.01.8.3(A) onc o. Available Line Speed [see Paragraph 3.07.8,3{C)) 5.03.4}. ‘ERNE SORTING CHFSENY SE PAPER Co“ PeYRSISSTETE LE PUNTER PRTEGTEBHST OVE ASSAT 5.03.4 5.04.1.5 Hoist holding mechanism: . Avsilable Line Speed{see Peragrephs3.01.8.31C)end 7 a cally controlled, manually controled, if fee fall avail able, or any combination theraot. 5.04.3.3 For magnet generator: . Has vc ESTING A Driven by main engine or separate engine. 4.1 raul relief valve tif eppliceble) 04.1.6 Hydraulic Ive it epplicable) iz pe Relief valve settings shell be specified and any change in relief valve setting without the consent of Votrage. the manufacturer shall be the user's responsibility. _. KW Rating. 5.04.1.7 Tire Pressures 5.04.4 Dragline Data 5.04.2 Clamshell Data ° ‘The manufacturer shall furnish the follewing data: The manufacturer shall publish the following data: 5.04.4.1Dets on cragline rating chert(see Paragraph 4.04.2), 5.04.2.1 Deteonclamshellrating chart (see Paragraph 4.02.5}, : Leis eee 5.04.4.2 For hoist and drag drums: 5.08.2.2 For holding and closing crums: ad A Drum Pitch Diameter A Drum Pitch Diameter. 8. ‘Available Line Pull [see Paragraphs 3.01 8.31A) and 8 Available Ling Pull [see Paragraph 3.01 8.314]. Boa} c. _Permistible Line Pull (see Paragraph 3.01.8.318). c. ilable.Line Speadisee Pacagraphs3,0%.8.3{Cland. . ‘Available Line Speed [see Paragraph 3.01.8.3(C)). 5.03.4). 16SECTION 6 MOBILE CRANE CONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTERISTICS Mobite cranes may be subjected 10 @ wide variety of job applice- tions and environmental conditions. This section pertains to the physical capability and construction features of the crane in rela tion to pe farmanea of specitic work intended under conditions ‘expressly described by the manufacturer’s publications. Many construction characteristics and features of the crane design are covered elsewhere in this standard. For aditional ir the proper use of mebile cranes see CIMA’s “Crane User's Safety Manual,"the manufacturers’ manuals, the crane load rating chert and SAE J183, "Safety Considerations for the Operator. 6.01 6.01.1 6.01.2 6.01.3 6.01.4 CRANE DESIGN REQUIREMENTS. The following requirements in Section 6.01 ere the responsibility of the crene manufacturer. Hydraulic Pressure Limiting Device Hydraulic relief valves or other devices used to limit prassuresathinshenydraulic system shell-havesres:. sure settings of sufficient magnitude to provide the capabilities of operation described in previous sec- tions. Gauge ports shall be provided in each hydraulic ‘ire fer creck S fi setting Clutches and Brakes Clutches and brakes shell be provided with adjust- ments where necessary to compensate for weer end tomaintaia proper performance of these components. Cab Construction Insofar as practical, without interference with opera- tion, exbs shall provide protection for the operator from the woether, Cab windows and/or openings shall be provided and arranged for good visibility of the wark area, Visibility of other areas should be pro~ Vided 98 extensively as crene component arrange- ment and enclosures will perm: All operator station ‘windows shall be of shaties-resistant glazing. Equi- velent glazing materials may be used unless prohi- bited by other regulations. Provisions shoule be made in the cab for storage of ‘operator's manuals are es = mation or instructions. Mounting provisions should be mace for storage of @ fire extinguisher in the operator's stetion(s) Access to the Cab or Enclosure For steps. ladders, and grab handles used for entering and exiting the cab or enclosure for servicing or oper ating, the crane should comply with SAE J185 JUNI, "Access Systems for Off-Road Machines.” 6.01. 6.01.6 6.01.7 ~BIOTB Guards ane Wariiny 6.01.8 7 Doors and Windows All doors and windows whether of the sliding or swinging type shall be adequately restrained from accidental opening or closing. The cab door shall either swing outward or slide rearward to open, Cotwalks, Walkways, and Steps Allwalkways andsteps should comply with SAE J1 85 UUNBI, “Access Systems for Off-Road Machines.” Principal waiking surfaces shall be of a skid resistant ‘ype. Engine Exhaust Engine exhaust gases shall be piped to the outside of the enclosure and directed away from the operator. Suitable guards shall be provided to protect operators ‘or maintenance personnel during their norma! duties, SP sors 2 ccharacteristies on the machine (such as rotating machinery parts}, If = guard is impractical, itis the responsibilty of the manufacturer to warn by means ‘of an appropriate sign. This sign should be designed ‘and instatled in sccordance with SAE J115 SEP79, “Satoty Signs,” consistent with physical limitations on size and location. Rope carrying sheaves, which can momentarily be unloaded, shall be provided with close-fiting guards. to guide the rope jn the groove when the load is, reapplied Lubrication fittings and fluid fil points (fuel, coota nyérauilie fluid, ele.) should be located in arees thot are easily accessible end will not collect fluid spills Fluid level indicators should follow the guicelines set forth in SAE J48, “Guidelines for Fluid Level Indica~ tors.” Lubrleation charts shall be furnished by the janutecturarThepreferredlotmatotthe lubrication __ chert is shown in SAE S753 APREO, “Lubrication Chart — Construction and Industrial Machinery.” Preferted maintenance intervals are covered in SAE J752b, "Maintenenee Interval— Construction Equip- ment.” Lubricant types used in lubrication charts are shown in SAE J7542, “Lubricant Types — Construc- tion and Industrial Machinery." For preferred sym- bols and color codes for fluid fils, see SAE J223 APRGO, "Symbols and Color Codes for Maintenance Instructions, Container and Filler Identifications.6.01.10 6.01.10.1 6.01.10.2 6.01.11 6.01.12 6.01.13 6.01.13. 6.01.13. 2. Controls Controls may be located on the upperstructure and/or the underearriage, All controls essential to operation shall be located within easy reach of the operator ‘when at the operator's station(s), The placement of controls shall allow for proper coordination of hand and foot movemant required by the various types of working equipment. See SAE J983 OCTEO, “Crane ‘and Cable Excavator Basie Operating Control Arrange- ment” and Reference V, “Suggested Mobile Hydrau: lic Crane Basic Operating Control Arrangement.” Hand Levers and/or Foot Pedals Controls for load hoist, boom hoist, swing, and boom telescope, shall ceturn to neutral position eutomati- cally upon operetor release when not intentionally restrained for functional purposes. The function of all controls as specified in SAE J983 (OCTEO and/or Reference V shall be clearly identified, Indentification should be labels or diagrams as de- scribed in SAE J983 OCTAQ, SAE J298, or Reference V. Control Forces and Movements When controls and corresponding controlled ele- ‘ments are properly maintained and adjusted and the ‘machine is operated within the manufacturar’s rating with recommended mechanisms, the following shall ~~-berprovided-under normal operation." Control forces not greater than 15.9 kg (35 Ib) on hand levers, Forces not greater than 22.7 kg (80 Ib} on foot el Travel distance on hand levers not greater than 35.56 em (14 inches} from neutral position on two-wey lev- fers and not greater than 60.96 em (24 inches) on one-way levers. Travel distance on foot pedals net (greater than 25.4 om (10 Inches), Brakes, Parking Parking brakes, such as travel and swing, shell be of 2 design that can de set in the holding position end remain so without operator attention. Electric Motors Electric powered machines shall be adequately rounded between the upperstructure and the mount- ing bese to evoid damage to anti-friction beerings. Tipping Conditions A machine is considered to be at the point of tipping ‘when a balance is reached between tha overturning moment end the stabilizing moment of the machine. Note: For suggested test procedure ses SAE Recom- mended Practice, 765 OCT }-1 When outriggers are used, wheels or crawler tracks: shall be relieved of all weight by the outrigger jacks or blocking, unless otherwise specified by the manu- feoturer Radius of load (see “Y" in SAE J958 MARB1, Figure 6) Is the horizontal distance from a projection of the axis of rotation to the supporting surface, before load- ing, to the center of vertical hoist line with load applied. 6.01.13.3 6.01.14 6.01.14.1 18 Tipping load is the foad producing a tipping condition at 2 specified radius. Weights of hook, hook blacks, slings, and other [oad handling devices shall be con- sidered part of the load to be handled, When more than e minimum required hoist reeving is used, the ‘additional rope weight shell be considered part of the lead to be handled. Backward Stability With Boom Structure Installed. The backward stability of a crane is its ability to resist overturning in the direction opposite to boom point while in the unloaded condition. The resistence to backward overturning is reflected in the mergin of backward stability ‘The general conditions for determination of the back- ward stability margin, applicable to all cranes within the scope of this section, are as follows Crane to be equipped for crane operation with short- est recommended boom positioned at its maximum recommended boom angle for that boom length; Crane to be unloaded (lower load block on support) Outriggers free of the beating surface; Crane to be standing on a firm supporting surtace level within 1% grade: “All-fuel-tanks-to°be ateast-half-full end-ell-other—~ fluid lavels as specified. Minimum Backward Stability Conditions “The following are minimum acceptable backward stability conditions: Crawler Cranes (1) The total [oad on the tipping fulcrum on the side fr end of the undercarriage supporting the least load shall not be less than 15% of the totel weight of the crane. (2) When applied to crawler cranes equipped with r trectable crawler assemblies, the manufecturer must provide cautionary information on the erane visible to the operator f the criterion described in 6.01,14.1 A(T) is not met when crawlers are retracted. ‘Wheel-Mounted Cranes (on tires or on wheels) (3) With the longitudinal axis of the roteting super- Structure of the crane at $0 degrees to the longi- tudinal axis of the carrier, but total load on ell wheels fon tho side of the carrier under the boom shall not be tess than 15% of the total weight of the crane. (2) With the longitudinal axis of the rotating super: structure of the erane in line with the longitudinal xis of the carrier in elther direction, the total load, on all wheels under the lighter loaded end of the csrrier shall not be less than 15% of the total weight, of the crane in the manufacturer's specified work area, and not less than 10% of the total weight of the crane in the area not specified as 2 work area, (3) The on-tice or on-wheels limitations must be met tniess cautionary information is placed on the crane, visible to the operator. This information shall state the operating conditions that require the outriggers 0 be set to maintain sufficient backward stability: \Wheel-Mounted Cranes (on outriggers) Under the conditions of 6.01.14 A, B, C, D end E, and with the machine supported level on fully ex- tended outriggers with al tires free of the supporting surface, the resistance to overturning in a backward direction shall be equivelent to those conditions specified in B[) end (2) above. 6.01.15 Backward Stability With Boom Structure Removed ‘The manufacturer must provide cautionary inform- ation if te criterion dascribed in 6.01.18.1 is exceed- fed with conditions as in 6.01.14 but with the boom structure removed from the crane, This eautionary information shell be placed on the crane, visible te the operator. This information shall also caution if the counterweight must be either removed or securely supported from the surface upon which the crene stands before the working equipment may be removed, 6.01.15.1 The total load on all wheels, outriggers, erawer track cf idlers (tipping fulerum on the side or end of the ‘undercarriage Supporting the least load shell not be less than 5% of the total weight of the crane. Forward Sta Cranes may no: hove Sufficient forward Baby Om the direction of the boom) to hance some boom Tangthe. information shal be provided onthe load or chars [imiations in boom {engih, engle for specified operating conditions of tuiiggers. ection of boom or oer requirements LOAD DEFINITIONS Rated Load Rated loeds at specified rail are the lesser of 2 speci fied percentage of tipping loads or the machine's hydraulie or structural competence as established by 6.01. 6.02 6.02.1 ‘the manufacturer's rating charts’and are maximum loads at those radii covered by the manufacturer's werrenty. Weight of hook, hook biocks, slings and ‘other load handling devices shall be considered part of the load to be handled. When more then the min- imum required hoist reeving is used, the additional rope weight shall be considered part of the load to be handled, Practical Working Loads Practical working loads for the particular job shall be tablished by the user with due allowance for oper- ating conditions, These conditions include the sup- porting surface end other factors affecting stability, ‘wind, hazardous surroundings, experience of per~ sonnel, etc, CRANE STRUCTURE TESTING ‘These uniform test methods provide the manufac ‘turer with a systematic nondestructive procedure for determining induced stresses in erane structures Lattice Type Booms ‘See SAE J987 OCTED. 6.02.2 6.03 6.03.1 6.03.2 Cantilevered Type Booms See SAE J1083 OCTBO. CRANE INSPECTION, “SERVICE AND MAINTENANCE—~"~ Inspection, servicing and maintenance are extremely important in the use of mobile cranes. Frequency Jements depend ous factors, such ‘as crane activity, severity of service, vulnerability of parts to weer and damage, and the extent to which parts may be deemed critical. Manufacturer's opers- tor and maintenance manuals should recommend inspection, service and maintenance frequency for the particular crane involved. 6.04 SECTION 7 GLOSSARY & 7.0 The tollowingis glossary of technical terms anddefinitions as used in the Crane Industry. ACCESSORY. A secondary part or assembly of parts which con- tributes to the overall function and usefulness of @ machine, A-FRAME, See Par. 3.01.10 and "MAST. ALLOWABLE ROPE LOAD. The ‘ofthe rope divided by a sirengl ANGLE INDICATOR (BOOM). An accessory which measures the ‘angle of the boom above horizontal ATTACHMENT. See Section & AXIS OF ROTATION. The vertical line around which the upper structure rorates, BACK HITCH GANTRY. See Par, 3.01.10. BACKWARD STABILITY. Resistance to overturning of the machine in rearward direction, See Par. 6.01.14. “nominal breaking strength ABBREVIATIONS BAIL (BUCKET). A yoke or spreacer hinged to sides of dragline bucket 10 whieh is attached connecting sheave or chain for, hoisting and draging operetions. BAILBLOCK. Block attached todragline bucket through which rope line is reeves, Alco referrec to as “PADLOCK.” BAIL PULL. Total putl developed at point af attachment of rope 0 dipper or bucket, sO GIE-AXiE~Two-or-more-anles-mounted-to-2-teame-so_as 1o___ istribute tne load between the axles and permit vertical oscillation of the axles, BOOM. See Far. 4.01.1 BOOM ANGLE. See Per. 4.01.1.3. BOOM CHORD. A main corner member of a lattice type boom, BOOM HOIST. Mens for controlling the angle of the boom. BOOM LACING. Structura! truss members at angles to and sup- porting the boom cherds of @ lattice type boom. 19BOOM LENGTH. See Par, 4.01.1.2 BOOM SECTIONS, See Per. 4.01.1 BOOM STOP, A device used to limit he angle of the boom to the highest recommended boom angle, BRIDLE [FLOATING HARNESS). A frame equipped with sheaves ‘and connected to the boom by stationary repes usually called pendents, BUCKET. See "CONCRETE, CLAMSHELL AND DRAGLINE BUCKET.” A structural container suspended from the boom used fer handling material CAB. An enclosure which covers the operator and/or machinery. See Par. 6.01.3, CABLE. A flexible electrical conductar, CANTILEVERED BOOM. A boom, fixeder telescoping, supportedat some point between the boom pivot end the boom point CARBODY. See "UNDERCARRIAGE FRAME.” CARRIER ROLLERS. Sae “TRACK CARRIER ROLLERS. CATWALK. See SAE J185 JUNAt CENTER PIN. Vertical pin or shaft which acts as rotation centering device and connects revolving upperstructure and under- carriage, ‘CENTERLINE OF ROTATION: See “AXIS OF ROTATION. CHASSIS. Sec “UNDERCARRIAGE.” CLAMSHELL, Soe Par, 4.05 CLOSING LINE, The rope reeved from hoist drum to controlelosing of rope operated clamshell bucket CLUTCH, A friction, electromagnetic, hydraulic, pneumatic, oF mechanical locking device for engagement er disengage: ‘ment of power. CONCRETE BUCKET, Bucket for handling wet concrete, (COUNTER ROTATING TRACKS. The ability of the machine tosimul- teneously drive tracks in opposite directions causing the undercarriage to rotate about its center. COUNTERWEIGHT, See Par. 3.01.2. CRANE STRUCTURE TESTING. See Par. 6.03. CRAWLER ASSEMBLY. See Par. 3.02.1.1 CRAWLER BEARING LENGTH AND AREA, See Per. 5.02.1.6 CRAWLER BELT. See "TRACK ASSEMBLY.” CRAWLER CHAIN. Chain used as final drive to the drive sprocket CRAWLER FRAME, See “TRACK FRAME.” ___CRAWLER_UNDERCARRIAGE See Par2.0: CUSHION BLOCK. See Par. 4.05.1.7. CUTTING EDGE [LIP]. The pert of the bucket which penetrates material 1o be excavated. Teeth may or mey not be attached. CUTTING WIDTH. The maximum wieth of the opening cut by a bucket measured by the overall width of the teeth or side CYLINDER, A device which converts fluid power into linear mechanical force and motion. DERRICKING. Operation of changing boom angle in @ vertical plane. See "BOOM HOIST.” DRAGLINE BUCKET. See Par. 4.04.1.1 DRAG ROPE. Rope for pulling in bucket in dragtine operations. DRIVE SPROCKET. Adrive roller with teeth which engages match: ing recesses or pins (bushings) in the track assembly. DRIVE TUMBLER, A drive roller with recesses which contact ‘matching lugs or pins in the track assembly, DROP HAMMER, See Par, 4.05.1. 1). DRUM (ROPE}, A rotating cylinder with side flanges on which cope used in machine oparation is wrapped. ENCLOSURE, See Par, 3.01.3, ENGINE HOUSE. See "ENCLOSURE. FAIRLEAD, See Per, 4,04,1.3, FREE FALL. Lowering of the hook (with or without load} without being coupled to the power train, with the lowering speed boing controlled by @ retarding cevice, such as a brake. FRONT END. See Section 4, FULL LOAD SPEED. See “RATED ENGINE SPEED. GANTRY (A-FRAME), See Par. 3.01.10. GOOSENECK BOOM-Abeomwhichhasan.intagral uppersection—-- projecting at an angle from longitudinal axis of lower section, GOVERNED SPEED. Engine speed controlled by the power plant sgoverner. GRADEABILITY. See Par, 5.02.1.1 and 5.02.22 GROUND CLEARANCE. See SAE J123%. GROUND LINE Horizontal ground plane or grade. See SAE J1234 ‘and SAE J958 MARBI GROUND PRESSURE. See Par. §.02.1.7. GROUSER. Projecting lugis) attached 10 or integral with the track shoes to provide additional traction. GUY ROPE. A supporting rope which maintains a constant distance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope. HAMMER (PILE). See Par. 4.05.1.1 HAMMER HEAD 300M. A boom on which both hoist and boom suspension lines are offset from centerline of boom for load clearance, HOIST. The process of lifting. HOIST MECHANISM. Boom Hoist, See Par. 3.01.9, “Toad Hoist. See Par. 3.01.8, HOLDING LINE. The cable reeved from a hoist drum for holding clamshell bucket or grapple suspended during dumping ard lowering operations, HOOK BLOCK. Block with hook attached used in lifting service. It may havea singla sheave for double or triple ine, or multiple sheaves forfour or more parts ofling. (See "LOAD BLOCK.”) HOOK ROLLERS. Rollers whieh prevent the lifting of the upper structure {rom the undercarriage. 20MIDLER. Large end roller of track assembly atopposite end from drive ‘Sprocket, and which is not power driven. IDLER ROLLER. See “IDLER, TRACK ROLLE! RIER ROLLER.” IDLER TUMBLER, Large end roller of track assembly at opposite tend from drive tumbler, and which is not power driven. INDEPENDENT FUNCTIONS, An operation independent of other functions JACK SHAFT. Term applied to an intermeciate shatt JIB, See Par, 4.01.1.10 KING PIN. See “CENTER PI LACING, See “BOOM LACING, LAGGINGS. Removable andinterchangeeble drum spoo! shells for ‘changing heist drum diameter to provide variation in rope speeds and line pulls. This construction is optional with ‘manufacturer, 1" or “TRACK CAR- LATTICED BOOM. Boom of open construction with lacing between main chord members in form of truss, LENGTH INDICATOR (800M), See Par, 4.01.1.6. LIFT CAPACITY, See "RATED LOAD.” LINE PULL. The rope pull generated off @ rope drum or lagging at @ specitied-pitch-diameter-SeePatr3.0NE.3m man LINE SPEED. The rope velocity at a rope drum or lagging at @ specified pitch diameter. See Par. 8.01.8.3. TIVE ROLLER CIRCLE Arrassemt tipleswingrolters free roll between revolving upperstructure and undercarriage LOAD BLOCK. See “HOOK BLOCK. LOAD DEFINITIONS. See Par. 6.02. LOAD HOIST. See Per. 3.01.8. LOAD HOIST DRUMS. See Par. 3.01.81 LOAD HOIST LINE. Another term for "hoist line.” Ia lifting erane ‘service It refers to the main holst. The secondary hoist is referrad to as 2 "whip line.” LOAD LOWERING. See Par. 3.01.8.2 LUFFING. Operation of changing boom angle in the vertical plane. See “800M HOIST.” MAGNET. See Par. 4.03, MAGNET CONTROLLER, Electric controller for governing flow of ‘current to magnet. Part of magnet equipment. MAGNET GENERATOR, See Par. 4.03.1.4 MAST. Structure hinged at or near the boom hinge and extending shove the cab-fer use inconnestionvatty supporting eboom, Heed of mast is usually supported and reised or lowered by ‘the boom hoist ropes. MATS. A device used for supporting mschine on soft ground Usually of timber construction. OUTRIGGER. See Par. 3.02.2.5. OVERHAUL, Cepability to gravity lower the load block. PENDANT. A supporting rope which maintains a constantdistance between the points of attachment to the two components connected by the rope. a PERCENT OF GRADE. Measurement of slope expressed es the ratio of the change in vertical distance (rise) to the change in horizontal distance (run) multiplied by 100. PILE, Usually @ tong slender member driven into the ground. PILE CAP, An adapter between the pile driving unit and the upper fend of the pile PILE LEAD. A structure on which the pile driving unit and pile cap ‘may operate. PITCH DIAMETER. Root diameter of crum, lagging or sheave, plus the diameter of the ropa, POWER CONTROLLED LOWERING. A system or device in the power train other than the load hoist brake, which can con- trol the lowering rate af speed of the load hoist mechanism. POWER PLANT. See Par, 3.03. POWER TAKE-OFF. See Per, 3.04, POWER TRAIN. The means to transfer power from one point to ‘another eocomplished by gears, chains, hydraulic pump and ‘motor, or other means, or « combination thereof, PRACTICAL WORKING LOADS. See Per. 6.02.2. PRESSURE, MAXIMUM WORKING. Pressure as stated by the machine manufacturer as the maximum pressure etwhich & circuit shall be opereted. This pressure may be limited by & salietvalve orother- means... PRIME POWER SOURCE. See Per, 3.03. PROPEL. See “TRAVEL.” RADIUS (OF LOAD). See Par. 6.01.13.2 RATED ENGINE SPEED. See SAE J1349 DECEO, RATED LOAD, See Par. 6.02.1, RATING CHART: Lifting Crane, See Par. 4.01.6. Clamshell. See Par. 4.02.5. Magnet, See Par. 4.03.5 Dragline. see Par. 4.04.3. REEVING. Arope system where the rope travelsarounddrumsand sheaves, REVOLVING UPPERSTRUCTURE (FRAME). See Par. 3.01 RING GEAR. See "SWING GEAR.” ROLLER PATH, The surface upon which run the rollers that support revolving upperstructure. kt may accommodate either cone rollers, eylindrical rollers, or live rollers. ROPE, Refers to wire rope unless otherwise specitied. See “WIRE ROPE. SCOOP. A pivoted member of the clamshell bucket which digsend handles material ‘SHOES. See "TRACK SHOES.” SIDE LOADING. A load applied at en angle to the vertical plane of the boom. SLEWING. Seo “SWING,” Par. 3.01.6. SLIDE BAR, Stationery elements in @ track frame which support ‘and guide the upper track chain or shoes.STABILITY. The ability to resist tipping. Also see Par. 6.01.13 and 6.01.14 STABILIZER, Sea “OUTRIGGER.” STAY, See "PENDANT," STEAM HAMMER, Steam driven pile hammer, STRIPPER. Machine used for excavating overburden in open cut ‘mining. The term is usually applied to a dragline modified or designed for greater reach, than the manufacturer's rating for the particuler standard size of machine, & stripping drag line usually has en extre long boom with a correspondingly smaller bucket than one of nominal rated capacity as fur nished with @ boom of base rating length, STRUCTURAL COMPETENCE. The abiliy of the machine and its ‘components to withstand the stresses imposed by rated loads. ‘SUPERSTRUCTURE. See “UPPERSTRUCTURE," Par. 3.01 SWING, Rotation of the upperstrueture about the axis of retetion, SWING BEARING. See Per, 3.02.1.3. ‘SWING BRAKE, See Par, 3.01.6, SWING CIRCLE. See “SWING BEARING.” ‘SWING CLEARANCE. The maximum racial distance from the exis of rotation to the outermost extension of she upperstructure, SWING GEAR. External, or internal geer.that.meshes.with.the. ‘swing pinion to provide swing motion, SWING LOCK. See Per. 3.01.6.1 NG_MECH) rotation of the uppersiructure. SWING SPEED, See Par. 5.01.1 TACKLE (HOIST). Assembly of ropes and sheaves arranged for cing. TAGLINE. See Par. 4.02.1.4 TAIL SWING, See “SWING CLEARANCE.” TELESCOPING BOOM. See Per. 4.01.1 THIRD DAUM (AUXILIARY). 4 hoist drum in addition to two main hoist drums, often used in pile driving, TIPPING CONDITION, See Per. 6.01.13 TIPPING LOAD. See Par. 6.07.13.3, TOOTH ADAPTER. Main part of bucket or dipper towhich aremov- able tooth is fastened, TOOTH BASE, See “TOOTH ADAPTER. TOOTH POINT. Removable and repleceable point for dipper or bucket tooth, TOPPING SPEED. See "Boom Hoisting Time,” Par. 3.01.8.3, TOWER ATTACHMENT. The tower attachment consists of a luffing boom of variable length mounted on a vertical fixed tower of variable length. A mast is mounted on the tower to provide boom suspension. All lower attachment functions are pro: vided wich power fram the basie crane, TRACK ASSEMBLY. An assembly of track shoes and connecting members, TRACK BELT. See “TRACK ASSEMBLY.” ‘TRACK CARRIER ROLLERS. Rolling elements in/on a track frame which support and guide the upper track shoes or chain, TRACK FRAME. The structure that supports the rollers, sprockets, or tumblers, and adjusting means in a track assembly TRACK ROLLERS. Rolling elementsinatrack frame which trenster ‘the machine weight to he track assembly. ‘TRACK SHOES. The members ofthe track assembly that distribute the load to the supporting surface. TRAVEL, The function of the machine moving under its own power from one location to another, ‘TRAVEL MECHANISM, The power tain transmitting power te pro- duce wave TREAD. See "TRACK SHOES.” MB “IDLER Gee TURNING DIAMETER, See Figure 1, SAE J98E MARE] and SAE 6950. TURNTABLE. See "UPPERSTRUCTURE,” Par. 3,01 UNDERCARRIAGE. See Par, 3.02 UNDERCARRIAGE FRAME, The principal structural frame of the undercarriage UPPERSTRUCTURE. Sea Per. 3.01 UPPERSTRUCTURE FRAME. See Par. 9.01.1 WHEELED UNDERCARRIAGE, See Par. 3.02.2. WHEELED UNDERCARRIAGE CLEARANCE DIAMETER, See SAE 8950, WHIP LINE, Secondary hoist line, Also see "LOAD HOIST LINE," WIRE ROPE. A flexibie, multi-wired member usually consisting of core member around which a number of mult-wired strands are “laid” or helically wound, WORKING EQUIPMENT, See Saction 4, WORKING WEIGHT. Weight of machine in working order with complete front end equipment and one-half tank of fuel, Machine configuration ehall be specified, 22ABBREVIATIONS AND CONVERSIONS Symbol Unit of Measure Conversion Factor Metric (English) Metric (English) Metric to English mi{ft) meter (feet) mx 3.281 Liget) liter (gallon) Lx 2642 Liat liter (quart) Lx 1.0568 L/min (gpm) liters per minute L/min x .2642 (gallons per minute) KW (hp) kilowatt (horsepower, SAE) KW x 1.347 He hertz - mm (in) miltimeters (inches) mm x 03937 em? (in?) cubic centimeters cm? x .06102 (cubic inches} rpm revolutions per minute sas m3 (yd?) cubic meters: mix 1.308 (cubic yards) _~ke.lib)weight.... kilograms (pounds)... ka 2.2048 ae N (lb) force newtons (pounds) Nx 2248 km/h (mph) kilometers per hour km/h x.6214 kPa (psi) kilopascat kPa x 1450 {pounds per square inch) deg degrees = sec seconds. - 23ADDENDUM A Crane Rating Classification Classification -- Lifting cranes shall be classified by a symbol, consisting of two numbers based on crane rated loads (par. 4.01.2) in the direction of least stability, with outriggers set if the crane is so equipped. (1) The first number of the group shall be the crane rating redius, in feet, for the maximum rated load, with base boom length. (2) The second number of the group shall be the rated load (expressed in pounds divided by 100, and rounded off to the nearest whole number) at 40-ft. radius, with 50-ft. boom length. Example -- To illustrate the above method of classification, assume a truck crane rated 40 tons at 12-ft. radius with base boom length, and 19,600 Pounds at 4O-ft. radius with 50-ft. boom length. The classification of this crane would be: "4O-ton truck crane (Class 12-196)" The number 12 represents the radius, in feet, for the 40-ton rated load, and the number 196 represents the rated load in pounds, at 40-ft. radius, divided by 100. Thi is i el F Figure A-I. Method of Determining Crane Rating Classification. 24