CITY OF KALAMAZOO

SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ANALYSIS

(2010-2015)

Cal Coplai, Analyst

City of Kalamazoo
coplaic@kalamazoocity.org
o: 269.337.8555
c: 734.560.9161
Overview
Background and Approach

Socioeconomic Status Change, 2010-2015

Additional Detail, SES Change

Current Status, SES

Trajectory (current status & recent trends)

BACKGROUND
How was socioeconomic status measured for this
analysis?
Defining Socioeconomic Status (SES)
Socioeconomic Status: The
aggregate economic and demographic
characteristics of the population in a
given area

Analyzed for each Census Tract in

Kalamazoo, using U.S. Census Bureau
data
SES: Economic Indicators
Comparison of indicators in 2010 and 2015 to
evaluate change

Median Household Income

Median Home value

Median Gross Rent

SES: Demographic Indicators
Comparison of indicators in 2010 and 2015 to
evaluate change

Median Age

Educational Attainment
% of Population with Bachelors Degree or Higher
Evaluating SES Change
Utilization of Z-Scores for each indicator, which provides
the number of standard deviations above or below the
mean a given value is.

For example:
Average Change in Median Household Income, 2010-2015: $5,000
Standard Deviation of all changes in MHI: $6,205
Z-Score using individual Tract change/value ($X)

Z-Score = (X $5000) / $6205

Understanding Z-Scores
A Z-Score tells you how an individual Tract performed
for a given indicator compared to the other Tracts

It also provides a standardized measure of

evaluation that allows comparison between indicators
(e.g., even though incomes are much larger than rent
values, we can more accurately compare the two using Z-
Scores)
Performance Measures
Z-Scores for each indicator were aggregated to develop
an overall SES score:
SES Score: Add together the Z-Score for each indicator

Sub-Categories
Economic Score: Add together only income, home value, and rent
scores
Demographic Score: Add together only age and educational
attainment scores
Baseline: Average Performance
Mean values for 2010 2015 change in Kalamazoos
census Tracts

Median Age: 1.7 years older

% of Population with at least Bachelors Degree: 0.5% increase

Median Household Income: $4,829 increase

Median Home Value: $16,486 decrease

Median Gross Rent: $47 increase

RESULTS
Which areas saw rapid increases in Socioeconomic
Status and which saw decreases?
 Demographic
Change

Major Increase:
Population became
younger and more
educated (compared
to the average tract)

Major Decrease:
Population became
older and less
educated
 Economic
Change

Major Increase:
Higher incomes,
home values, and
rent

Major Decrease:
Lower incomes,
home values, and
rent
 Overall
Score
Major Increase:
younger, more
educated, higher
incomes, higher
home values and rent

Major Decrease:
Older, less educated,
lower home values,
lower incomes and
rent
Overall Score Graph
3.50
Tract became older, less Tract became Younger, more
-+ educated, higher income, home educated, higher income, home ++
values, rent values, rent
2.50

1.50

0.50
Demographic Change (2010-2015)
(3.50) (2.50) (1.50) (0.50) 0.50 1.50 2.50 3.50
(0.50)

(1.50)

(2.50) Economic Change

(2010-2015)

(3.50)

Older, less educated

Lower income, home values, (4.50)
rent
--
Younger, more educated
Lower income, home values, rent
+-
(5.50)
ADDITIONAL DETAIL
How did each Tract perform on each of the indicators
included in the Overall SES Score?
Category Detail
Assessing the performance from 2010-
2015 for each Tract within each of the
following broad categories:
Major Decrease: 4 Tracts
Minor Decrease: 3 Tracts
Steady: 4 Tracts
Minor Increase: 7 Tracts
Major Increase: 4 Tracts
Major Decrease: Tract 10
Tract 10
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated 3.00

2.00

Older 1.00

Lower incomes 0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

Lower rent -2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -1.70 MAJOR DECREASE

Economic Score: -4.74 MAJOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -6.44 MAJOR DECREASE
Major Decrease: Tract 29.03
Tract 29.03
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Older 3.00

Lower incomes
2.00

1.00

Lower rent 0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -1.62 MAJOR DECREASE

Economic Score: -2.28 MAJOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -3.90 MAJOR DECREASE
Major Decrease: Tract 9
Tract 9

Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00
Less educated 2.00

Older 1.00

0.00
Lower home value Z MGR -1.00 Z Age
-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -1.58 MAJOR DECREASE

Economic Score: -1.20 MINOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -2.78 MAJOR DECREASE
Major Decrease: Tract 5
Tract 5
Z Ed
Notable Z-Scores 3.00

Lower incomes 2.00

Lower home value

1.00

0.00

Lower rent Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.58 MINOR INCREASE

Economic Score: -3.13 MAJOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -2.55 MAJOR DECREASE
Minor Decrease: Tract 3
Tract 3
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated 3.00

2.00

Lower incomes 1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -1.11 MINOR DECREASE

Economic Score: -0.71 MINOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -1.82 MINOR DECREASE
Minor Decrease: Tract 16.04
Tract 16.04
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Older 3.00

2.00

Higher incomes 1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -3.45 MAJOR DECREASE

Economic Score: 1.64 MAJOR INCREASE
Overall Score: -1.81 MINOR DECREASE
Minor Decrease: Tract 18.02
Tract 18.02
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated 3.00

2.00

Younger 1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -0.58 MINOR DECREASE

Economic Score: -0.60 MINOR DECREASE
Overall Score: -1.18 MINOR DECREASE
Steady: Tract 15.07
Tract 15.07
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated 3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -0.36 STEADY

Economic Score: -0.15 STEADY
Overall Score: -0.50 STEADY
Steady: Tract 12
Tract 12
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated 3.00

2.00

Higher incomes 1.00

Lower rent Z MGR

0.00

-1.00 Z Age
-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -1.66 MAJOR DECREASE

Economic Score: 1.41 MINOR INCREASE
Overall Score: -0.24 STEADY
Steady: Tract 2.01
Tract 2.01
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

More educated 2.00

1.00
Lower home value 0.00

Rent increase Z MGR -1.00

-2.00
Z Age

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 1.83 MAJOR INCREASE

Economic Score: -1.61 MAJOR DECREASE
Overall Score: 0.22 STEADY
Steady: Tract 18.01
Tract 18.01
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

More educated 2.00

Younger 1.00

0.00

Lower rent Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 1.46 MINOR INCREASE

Economic Score: -1.05 MINOR DECREASE
Overall Score: 0.42 STEADY
Minor Increase : Tract 16.03
Tract 16.03
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

Younger 2.00

Strong home value 1.00

0.00

performance Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.50 STEADY

Economic Score: 0.07 STEADY
Overall Score: 0.56 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase: Tract 15.06
Tract 15.06
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

Younger 2.00

More educated 1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 1.09 MINOR INCREASE

Economic Score: -0.37 STEADY
Overall Score: 0.72 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase: Tract 1
Tract 1
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

Rent increase 2.00

1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: -0.67 MINOR DECREASE

Economic Score: 1.61 MAJOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 0.94 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase: Tract 17.02
Tract 17.02
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Less educated
3.00

2.00

Younger 1.00

0.00

Strong home value Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00
performance -3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.15 STEADY

Economic Score: 0.85 MINOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 1.00 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase: Tract 11
Tract 11
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
More educated 3.00

2.00

Older 1.00

0.00
Rent increase Z MGR -1.00 Z Age
-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.54 MINOR INCREASE

Economic Score: 1.18 MINOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 1.72 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase: Tract 6
Tract 6
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

More educated 2.00

Higher incomes 1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.76 MINOR INCREASE

Economic Score: 1.02 MINOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 1.78 MINOR INCREASE
Minor Increase : Tract 16.01
Tract 16.01
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

Less educated 2.00

Younger 1.00

0.00

Income increase Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.24 STEADY

Economic Score: 1.68 MAJOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 1.92 MINOR INCREASE
Major Increase: Tract 15.04
Tract 15.04
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Home value increase 3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00

Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.47 STEADY

Economic Score: 1.89 MAJOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 2.36 MAJOR INCREASE
Major Increase : Tract 17.01
Tract 17.01
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
Home value increase
3.00

2.00

More educated 1.00

0.00

Younger Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

Income decline -2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 2.74 MAJOR INCREASE

Economic Score: -0.07 STEADY
Overall Score: 2.67 MAJOR INCREASE
Major Increase: Tract 2.02
Tract 2.02
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
More educated 3.00

2.00

Older 1.00

0.00
Income increase Z MGR -1.00 Z Age
Rent increase -2.00

-3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 0.27 STEADY

Economic Score: 3.09 MAJOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 3.36 MAJOR INCREASE
Major Increase: Tract 55.01
Tract 55.01
Notable Z-Scores Z Ed
3.00

More educated 2.00

Income increase 1.00

0.00

Strong home value Z MGR -1.00 Z Age

-2.00
performance -3.00

Z MHV Z MHI

Demographic Score: 2.11 MAJOR INCREASE

Economic Score: 1.46 MINOR INCREASE
Overall Score: 3.57 MAJOR INCREASE
CURRENT STATUS
Regardless of change from 2010-2015, how do the
census tracts compare as they sit today?
2015 Educational
Attainment

Citywide Average:
32.2% of population w/
Bachelors Degree or
higher
2015 Median
Age

Citywide Average:
Median age of census
tract population is 32.1
years
2015 Median
Household Income

Citywide Average:
$35,160 median
household income
2015 Median
Home Value

Citywide Average:
$100,967 median home
value average
2015 Median
Gross Rent

Citywide Average: $685

average median gross
rent
2015 Overall
SES Score

Overall Score
represents the sum of
each individual Z-Score
OVERALL TRAJECTORY
Comparing SES trends from 2010 to 2015 and current
status to understand the trajectory of Kalamazoos
census tracts
Category Detail
Assessing current status and recent
change of SES indicators by census tract

Steady: 4 tracts
Slowly Changing (+ or -): 10 tracts
Rapidly Changing (+ or -): 8 tracts
Trajectory: Steady

Overall SES Current SES

Tract 2010-2015 Change 2015 Current
Score Category Score Category

18.01 0.42 Steady -0.94 Low

2.01 0.22 Steady -0.47 Average
15.07 -0.5 Steady 0.46 Average
12 -0.24 Steady 4.41 Very High
Trajectory: Slowly Changing
Overall Current SES
SES Change
Tract 2010-2015 2015 Current
Category
Score Score Category
3 -1.82 Minor Decrease -4.73 Very Low
1 0.94 Minor Increase -1.39 Low
11 1.72 Minor Increase -0.61 Low
18.02 -1.18 Minor Decrease -0.34 Average
16.03 0.56 Minor Increase 0.29 Average
6 1.78 Minor Increase 0.65 High
17.02 1.00 Minor Increase 1.58 High
16.04 -1.81 Minor Decrease 3.12 Very High
16.01 1.92 Minor Increase 3.76 Very High
15.06 0.72 Minor Increase 4.89 Very High
Trajectory: Rapidly Changing
Overall Current SES
SES Change
Tract 2010-2015 2015 Current
Category
Score Score Category
9 -2.78 Major Decrease -4.83 Very Low
10 -6.44 Major Decrease -4.30 Very Low
55.01 3.57 Major Increase -4.03 Very Low
2.02 3.36 Major Increase -1.10 Low
29.03 -3.90 Major Decrease -0.04 Average
5 -2.55 Major Decrease 0.24 Average
17.01 2.67 Major Increase 0.34 Average
15.04 2.36 Major Increase 3.02 Very High
 Questions?

Cal Coplai, Analyst

City of Kalamazoo
coplaic@kalamazoocity.org
o: 269.337.8555
c: 734.560.9161