Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Detailing and Placing Reinforcing Bars
Detailing and Placing Reinforcing Bars
Bar fs = 20 fs = 24 fy = 60 fs = 20 fs= 24 fy = 60
Size fy = 40 (WSD) (USD) fy = 40 (WSD) (USD)
#2 (plain) 12 18 18 12 18 18
#3 12 14 14 12 14 14
#4 12 18 18 12 18 18
#5 15 23 23 15 23 23
#6 21 27 31 18 27 27
#7 28 33 42 21 32 32
#8 36 43 55 27 36 38
#9 46 55 70 34 41 48
#10 58 70 88 43 49 61
#11 72 86 109 53 60 75
* Minimums 12 in. or **(a) For plain bars (#2) minimum laps are doubled.
For fs = 20 ksi Top bars, L = 35.9 D2 > 24D (b) For fc other than 3,000 psi, multiply laps shown by
fy = 40 ksi Other bars, L = 26.5 D2 > 24D 3,000
For fs = 24 ksi Top bars, L = 43.1 D2 > 36D fc but lap not less than minimums at left. fc
Other bars, L = 31.8 D2 > 36D (c) Except in columns with spirals or extra ties. For lap
For fy = 60 ksi Top bars, L = 54.5 D2 > 36D with cover or spacing less than 6 inches or 6D, add 20
percent to all tabulated values.
Other bars, L = 37.8 D2 > 36D
stresses. It neglects transverse stress effects and so gives Figure 3WELDED WIRE FABRIC
no indication of the induced tension tending to split the
surrounding concrete.
Numerous recent tests show that our modern de-
formed bar cannot develop its full bond value unless the
concrete is prevented from splitting. At all lap splices,
hooks, end anchorages in limited thickness concrete
sections, and any other tight spots, a conservative de-
signer will consider using special ties, stirrups, spirals, or
transverse reinforcement.
Field welded connections (including arc and thermit
welding) will be more commonly used especially with
the growing use of large bars, high strength steels, and
precast concrete. (For common details see Figure 6).
Several patented mechanical connectors are on the mar-
ketconsisting, in general, of high strength steel sleeves
with serrated interiors, fitted loosely on the bar and filled Splice for 1/2 or less than 1/2 permissible stress
with nonferrous metal or with wedging type sleeves with
toothed interiors. End-bearing connections for pure
compression splices are acceptable and more economi- with a deviation up to 2 degrees at the contact surfaces
cal than the fully developed (125 percent) tension-com- of the two bars. A 2 degree tolerance on the ends of the
pression weld or connection. Note that the end prepa- individual bars is recommended. Field adjustments
ration of these bars requires a saw-cut. An ordinary such as rotating the bar may be necessary to ensure a
sheared end will not provide adequate bearing. Pilot close contact. In the application of these purely com-
tests indicate no significant loss in compressive capacity pressive column splices, it is essential that splices be so
staggered to maintain a symmetrical arrangement of un-
FIGURE 4.MINIMUM RADII ON INSIDE OF BEND FIGURE 5. CRUSHING INSIDE BENDS OF BARS
BAR MINIMUM
SIZE RADII
#3, #4, or #5 2 1/2 bar diameters
#6, #7, or #8 3 bar diameters
#9, #10, or #11 4 bar diameters
#14S* or #18S* 5 bar diameters
FIGURE 6c.
FIGURE 6b.
SLEEVE SPLICE
FOR COMPRESSION ONLY
FIGURE 7. RECOMMENDED SIZESSTIRRUP & TIE HOOKS
D= 1 1/2 in. for #2, #3, #4, and #5 bars
Structural and Intermediate Grades
spliced verticals in each face of the sign of detail connections of the new standard 90 degree stirrup
column. The percentage of bars columns is just below the supported and tie hooks with 6 bar diameter
which may be spliced at each stag- slab or drop panel. Additional ties extensions (tails) have long been
gered position, usually 25 to 50 per- at the top of a column are always de- preferred by the steel setter and fab-
cent, must be determined by design sirable especially where the framing ricator to the 1956 Code hooks
requirements and shown on design beams are not balanced on four which were either 135 degrees or
drawings. The code implies that the sides, and such transverse rein- had 12 bar diameter tails. Figure 7.
remaining unspliced bars provide forcement is specifically required The new provisions require a sepa-
125 percent, at working stress or ul- just below the sloping portion of off- rate tie corner only at alternate in-
timate load, of the maximum ten- set column verticals, where no ner column verticals and permit a
sion at the splice point. Ties just framing beam is available to confine 45 degree bend at the vertical bar in-
above and below any such splices the lateral thrust. stead of 90 degrees, which results in
are a precaution which prudent de- Some of the 1963 ACI Code considerable economies. For exam-
signers will require. changes produce substantial ple, in a square column with 20 ver-
Another critical point in the de- economies in details. For instance tical bars the 1956 Code required 5
ties per set; under the 1963 Code on- design, the more exact our analysis, bar support fails its purpose. A de-
ly 2 ties per set are required, one the more we should never forget the signer or inspector checking details
square tie enclosing all the bars and importance of proper bar placing. should not accept less than the 1963
one special octagonal tie for alter- The new code for the first time spec- CRSI Industry Standard for Bar Sup-
nate inner bars. Figure 8. Not only is ifies placing tolerances for the final ports. This standard for bar sup-
there a material economy, but the position of reinforcement. These ports plus much other information
concrete placing is facilitated tolerances were first published in on proper details required by the
through the clear core area with the book, CRSI Recommended 1963 ACI Code will also appear in
much less likelihood of honeycomb Practice for Placing Reinforcing the 1964 edition of the ACI Detail -
since there is plenty of space for vi- Bars, 1959. Bar supports do not fig- ing Manual.
bration and no obstructing ties. ure in a design and they dont come
Finally, the more elaborate our under code jurisdiction unless the
PUBLICATION #C650005
Copyright 1965, The Aberdeen Group
All rights reserved