1

(Stress ) (Strain)

(Normal Stress)
(Shear Stress)
()
(Isotropic)
(Elastic
Constant) (Young Modulus)

2

1
(Unidirectional Fiber Reinforcement) (Stiffness)
E

(Orthotropic)
EL
(Longitudinal Modulus)
ET (Transverse Modulus)
EL = E1 ET = E2

(1)

=E (1)

1 = E1 1 2 = E2 2 (2)
1
 (Plate)

(Plane Stress)
(Poisson Ratio)

3
T 2
12 = = (3a)
L 1

L 1
21 = = (3b)
T 2

4
1 2
1 = 21 2 2 = 12 1 (4a)
E1 E2

2
1 2 2 1
1 = 21 2 = 12 (4b)
E1 E2 E2 E1

G 5

12 = G12 12 (5)

12 ( 12
1-2) 12 2

2
 3
6

21 E1 = 12 E2 (6)

4 5 7 8

1 S11 S12 0 1

[ 2 ] = [S12 S22
0 ][ 2]
12 0 0 S66 12

1
S11 =
E1

1
S22 =
E2

1
S66 =
G12
12 21
S12 = =
E1 E2

3 x 3 6,6

9 10

1 Q11 Q12 0 1 1 1
[ 2 ] = [Q12 Q 22 0 ] [ 2 ] [ 2 ] = [Q] [ 2 ]
12 0 0 Q 66 12 12 12

3
 E1
Q11 =
1 12 21

E2
Q 22 =
1 12 21

Q 66 = G12

12 E2 21 E1
Q12 = =
1 12 21 1 12 21

Q (Reduce Stiffness)

1


( Principal Material Coordinate )


3

(1-2-3) 1
2 3 3
(X-Y-Z)
3 (1-2-3) (X-Y-
Z) (X-Y-Z) (1-2-3)

dA
1

F1 = 0 = 1 dA X (dAcos)cos Y (dAsin)sin
XY (dAcos)sin XY (dAsin)cos (11)
4
 2

F2 = 0 = 2 dA X (dAsin)sin Y (dAcos)cos
+ XY (dAcos)sin + XY (dAsin)cos

2 3b

F2 = 0 = 12 dA + X (dAsin)cos Y (dAcos)sin
XY (dAcos)cos + XY (dAsin)sin

(11), (12) (13)

1 = X cos 2 + Y sin2 + 2XY sincos

2 = X sin2 + Y cos 2 + 2XY sincos

12 = X sincos + Y sincos + XY (cos2 sin2 )

1 cos2 sin2 2sincos X

[ 2 ] = [ sin2 cos2 2sincos ] [ Y ]
12 sincos sincos cos2 sin2 XY
3x3 15 (Transformation
Matrix ) [T] (X-Y-Z)
(1-2-3)

1 X
[ 2 ] = [T] [ Y ]
12 XY

5
 (1-2-3) (X-
Y-Z)

X 1

[ Y]= [T] 1
[ 2]
XY 12

cos 2 sin2 2sincos

[T]1 = [ sin2 2
cos 2sincos ]
sincos sincos cos 2 sin2

1 X X 1
1
[ 2 ] = [T] [ Y ] [ Y ] = [T] [ 2 ]
12 XY XY 12

9 17

X 1 1
[ Y ] = [T] [ 2 ] = [T] [Q] [ 2 ]
1 1
XY 12 12

12 = 212

X 1 1 0 0 1
1 1
[ Y ] = [T] [Q] [ 2 ] = [T] [Q] [0 1 0 ] [ 2 ]
XY 212 0 0 2 12

6
 X 1 0 0 X
1
[ Y ] = [T] [Q] [0 1 0] [] [ Y ]
XY 0 0 2 XY

[]

1 0 0
11
12
2
16
[] = [T]1 [Q] [0 1 12
0] [] = [ 22
226 ]
0 0 2 16
26
66
2

= =

11 = 11 4 + 2(12 + 266 )2 2 + 22 4

12 = (11 + 22 466 )2 2 + 12 (2 + 2 )

22 = 11 4 + 2(12 + 266 )2 2 + 22 4

16 = (11 12 266 )3 + (12 22 + 266 )3

26 = (11 12 266 )3 + (12 22 + 266 )3

66 = (11 + 22 212 266 )2 2 + 66 (4 + 4 )

7
8