BI TP S CHT IN LI

Dng 1:Tnh nng cc ion trong dung dch cht in li

Phng php gii
+ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht.
+ Cn c vo d kin v yu cu ca u bi, biu din s mol cc cht trong phng trnh
theo tng thi im (ban u, phn ng,cn bng) hoc p dng C=Co. .
V d 1. Trn 100 ml dung dch NaCl 0,10M vi 100ml dung dch Na2SO4 0,10M. Xc nh
nng cc ion c mt trong dung dch.
Li gii
NaCl, Na2SO4 l nhng cht in li mnh nn ta c
NaCl Na+ + Cl- (1); Na2SO4 2Na+ + SO42- (2)
0,01 0,01 0,01 ; 0,01 0,02 0,01
0,01 0,02
[Na+] = = 0,15M; [Cl-] = 0,05M; [SO 2-]= 0,05M
4
0,1 0,1

V d 2. Tnh nng mol ca cc ion CH3COOH, CH3COO-, H+ ti cn bng trong dung

dch CH3COOH 0,1M c = 1,32%.
Bi gii
CH3COOH : H+ + CH3COO- (1)
Ban u: Co 0 0
Phn ng: Co. Co. Co.
Cn bng: Co(1-) Co. Co.
Vy: [H+]= [CH3COO-] = .Co = 0,1. 1,32.10-2M = 1,32.10-3M
[CH3COOH] = 0,1M 0,00132M = 0,09868M
Dng 2: Tnh in li ca dung dch cht
Phng php gii
+ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht.

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 1

 + Biu din s mol cc cht trong phng trnh theo tng thi im (ban u, phn ng,cn
bng) ty theo yu cu v d kin bi ton.
+ Xc nh nng cht (s phn t) ban u, nng cht (s phn t) trng thi cn
bng, suy ra nng cht (s phn t) phn ng (phn li).
n
+ in li = = N C
=
no N o Co
V d 1. Trong 1 lt dung dch CH3COOH 0,02M c cha 1,2407.1022 phn t cha phn li
v ion. Tnh in li ca CH3COOH ti nng trn, bit N0=6,022.1023.
Bi gii
nCH3COOH = 0,02 mol S phn t ban u l:

n0 = 1. 0,02.6,022.1023 = 1,2044.1022 phn t

CH3COOH : H+ + CH3COO- (1)
Ban u n0
Phn ng n n n
Cn bng (n0-n) n n
trng thi cn bng c tng s phn t cha phn li v cc ion l:
(n0 n) + n + n = 1,2047.1022
Suy ra: n = 1,2047.1022 1,2044.1022 = 0,0363. 1022 (phn t).
n 0, 0363.1022
Vy = 0, 029 hay = 2,9%
n0 1, 2047.1022
V d 2. Tnh in li ca axit HCOOH 0,007M trong dung dch c [H+]=0,001M
Bi gii
HCOOH + H2O : H- + H3O+
Ban u: 0,007 0
Phn ng: 0,007. 0,007.
Cn bng: 0,007(1-) 0,007.
Theo phng trnh ta c: [H+] = 0,007. (M) 0,007. = 0,001
C 0, 001
= 0,1428 hay = 14,28%.
C0 0, 007

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 2

 V d 3. a) Tnh in li ca dung dch NH3 0,010M.
b) in li thay i ra sao khi
- Pha long dung dch ra 50 ln.
- Khi c mt NaOH 0,0010M.
[NH 4].[OH ]
Bit: NH3 + H2O : NH4+ + OH- ; Kb = =10-3,36
[NH 3 ]
Bi gii
a) Tnh in li ca dung dch NH3 0,010M:

NH3 + H2O : NH4+ + OH- Kb = 10-3,36

Ban u: Co Co
phn ng: Co Co Co Co
cn bng: C0(1- ) Co Co
C02
103,36 = 18,8%
1
b) * Pha long dung dch ra 50 ln: C NH 10-2: 50 = 2.10-4M =Co
3

2.104 2 103,36 = 74,5%

1
in li tng v nng cng nh mt ion cng t th kh nng tng tc gia
cc ion to cht in li cng gim, in li cng ln.

* Khi c mt NaOH 0,0010M: NaOH Na+ + OH-

NH3 + H2O : NH4+ + OH- Kb = 10-3,36 (1)

Ban u: Co Co 0 1. 10-3
phn ng: Co Co Co (Co +10-3)
cn bng: C0(1- ) Co (Co +10-3)
(C '103 ).C '
V Co = 0,01M 0 0
103,36 = 14,9% <18,8%
(1').C0

Nhn xt: gim v OH- ca NaOH lm chuyn dch cn bng (1) sang tri.

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 3

 Dng 3: Tnh pH ca dung dch khi bit in li v hng s Ka , Kb
Phng php gii
+ Vit phng trnh in li ca cc cht.
+ Biu din s mol cc cht trong phng trnh theo tng thi im (ban u, phn ng, cn
bng) ty theo yu cu v d kin bi ton.
+ Vi cc cht in li yu l axit HA: HA : H+ + A-.
[H+ ].[A- ]

Hng s in li: Ka

[HA]
+ Vi cc cht in li yu l baz BOH: BOH : B+ + OH -.
[B+ ].[OH- ]

Hng s in li: Kb

[BOH]
+ [H+].[OH-] = 10-14
+ Tnh pH ca dung dch axit: Xc nh nng mol/l ca ion H+ trong dung dch trng
thi cn bng pH=-lg([H+])
+Tnh pH ca dung dch baz: Xc nh nng mol/l ca ion OH- trong dung dch trng
thi cn bng [H+]pH, hoc pH = 14-pOH= 14+lg([OH-]).
V d 1. Cho cn bng trong dung dch:CH3COOH + H2O CH3COO- + H3O+
Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,1M (Ka = 1,75.10-5).
Bi gii
CH3COOH + H2O : CH3COO- + H3O+
Ban u 0,1 0 0
Phn ng x x x
Cn bng 0,1 - x x x
[H O ][CH COO ] x2
Ka = 3 3 = = 1,75.10-5
[CH3COOH ] (0,1 x)
Gi s x << 0,1; ta c x2 = 1,75.10-6 x = 1,32.10-3 (tho mn iu gi s)
Vy [H+] = 1,32.10-3 pH = 2,9.
V d 2. a. Tnh pH ca dung dch Ba(OH)2 0,025 M c = 0,8
b. Tnh pH ca dung dch CH3COOH 0,01 M c = 4,25%

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 4

 Bi gii
a. Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH-
Ban u: 0,025 0 0
Phn ng: 0,025. 0,025.
2.0,025.Cn li: 0,025(1-
) 0,025. 2.0,025.
Theo phng trnh: [OH-] = 2.0,025. = 2.0,025. 0,8 = 0,04 M
10 14
Do tch s ion ca nc: [H+].[OH-] = 10-14 nn [H+] = 25.1014
0, 04
Vy pH = -lg(25.10-14) = 12,60.
b. CH3COOH + H2O : CH3COO- + H3O+
Ban u: 0,01 0 0
Phn ng: 0,01. 0,01. 0,01.
Cn bng: 0,01(1-) 0,01. 0,01.
[H3O+]= [H+] = 0,01. = 0,01.0,0425= 4,25.10-4
Vy pH = -lg(4,25.10-4) = 3,372.

Truy cp vo: http://tuyensinh247.com/ hc Ton L Ha Sinh Vn - Anh tt nht! 5