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chapter2 (ระหัสรีเลย์) PDF
chapter2 (ระหัสรีเลย์) PDF
2.1
(Protective Relay)
(Protective Relay)
2.2
(
)
2
2
2
1. 1 2
L (Line)
N (Neutral)
220
(Volt)
2. 3 3 1 4
3 1
220
380 3 4 220/380
1 3
2.2.1
2-2
1.
2. (Over voltage)
(Switching surge)
3. (Under frequency)
4. (Over load)
- (Reliability)
- (Dependability)
- (High speed)
-
-
-
2.2.2
1.
2.
(Manual
operated) (Re-closing relay)
3.
2.1
(OCB) (CT)
(PT)
2-3
2.1
: (2538 : 11)
2.2.3
1.
1) (Rated voltage)
115 kV, 69kV, 24kV, 12kV, 600 V 240 V
2-4
3. (Rated frequency)
50 Hz, 60 Hz, 400 Hz
4. (Continuous current rating) (Rated current)
2-5
2.3
: (2538 : 14)
6. (Short time current rating) RMS
4
7. (Interrupting current rating)
(RMS Value) 8
(Cycle) (Interrupting
MVA rating)
8. (Time rating)
1) (Interrupting time)
8 (Cycle) 8/50
2) (Reclosing time)
20 30 (Cycle)
9. (Duty cycle)
(Auto recloser relay) 20 30
2-6
(Cycle)
co + 15 sec + co co
- (Close-Open) 15
2.2.4
2.2 ANSI
M G
: (2538 : 15)
2-7
2.4 3
: (2538 : 16)
1.
2.1 3 2.4
2.5 ()
2.5 ()
()
2.5
2-8
()
2.5 ()
: (2538 : 16-17)
2.
2.6
2.7
2.6
2-9
2.7
: (2538 : 18)
V1 I1 V2 I2
I1 V2
K (1)
I2 V1
I1 X* 2 I2 x X 2
2 2
2
I2 1 2
X 2 x X2 x X2
*
(2)
I1 K
I2 1 X1 = I2 2X*1
I1 X1 I2 x X1*
2 2
2
I
X 1 1 x X1 K 2 x X1
*
(3)
I2
3. (Per-unit)
Pu. (Base)
2-10
kVbase = (Line to Line Voltage)
MVA base = 3
115 kV 12 kV
Heater
600
350 kV
x 10%
jxt
E 600
Reactance diagram
2.8
2.8
E
I (A)
jX T 600
2.3
1. (Short circuit)
2. (Over Voltage)
(Switching Surge)
3. (Under Frequency)
2-12
4. Out Of Step
5. (Over Load)
6. (Loss of Synchronism)
2.3.1
2.3
2.3
(%)
(Overhead Lines) 50
(Underground Cables) 10
(Switchgear) 15
(Transformer) 12
(CT and VT) 2
(Control Equipment) 3
8
Total 100
: (2548 : 8)
2.3 50%
3
Single Line to Ground Fault (SLG) 2
Line to Line Fault (L-L) 2 Line to Line to Ground
Fault (L-L-N) 3 Three Phase Fault (L-L-L)
2.4
(%)
1. Line to Ground 85
2. Line to Line 8
3. Double line to Ground 5
4. Symmetrical Three Phase Fault 2
Total 100
: (2548 : 9)
2-13
(Stray Capacitor)
(ON Circuit Breaker)
(Single line ground fault)
2.4.1
2
1. (Vacuum Circuit Breaker)
(Plasma)
(Interrupter)
2-14
2.9
: (2548 : 11)
2. SF6 SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
2.10 SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
SF6
(Recovery Voltage)
2-15
2.10 SF6
: (2548 : 12)
SF6 2
1. Single Pressure Puffer Cylinder
SF6
2. Two Pressure Double Pressure SF6
(Air Blast Circuit Breaker) SF6
(Interrupter) SF6
Circuit Breaker SF6
HV EHV SF6 MV
0.03 - 0.08
(Trip)
(Protective Relay)
2.5.1
2
1. (Primary Relay)
(Trip)
(Overlap)
2. (Back-up Relay)
2.5.2
(Zone of protection)
2.11 1 3
3 4 Y
BF BF A J
2-17
2.11
: (2538 : 315)
2.5.3
1. (Sensitivity)
2. (Reliability)
3. (Simplicity)
4. (Selectivity)
5. (Speed)
6. (Economy)
2.5.4
1. (Single line diagram)
2-18
2.
3.
4.
5.
(CT)(PT)
6.
2.5.5
2 -
2.12
2.12
: (2538 : 318)
1. - (Electromechanical relay)
2
1) (Electromagnetic attraction)
(plunger type)
2.13() (Instantaneous trip)
(Inverse time) 2.13() (Hogged
armature type)
2-19
2.13
: (2538 : 319)
2) (Electromagnetic induction)
2
(Induction disk) 2.14() 2.14()
(Power relay)
(Directional relay) (Induction relay) 2.15
(Distance relay)
2-20
2.14
: (2538 : 320)
2.15
: (2538 : 321)
2-21
2. (Static relay)
-
()
2.5.5 ANSI
2.5 ANSI
(ANSI)
2.5 () ANSI
(Field relay)
40
(Unit sequence starting relay)
44
(Reverse phase) (Phase-balance current
46
relay)
(Phase sequence voltage relay)
47
(Incomplete sequence relay)
48
(Machine thermal relay)
49
(Instantaneous over current relay)
50
- (AC time over current relay)
51 -
(AC circuit breaker)
52
52a 52b
(Power factor relay)
55
59 ( Overvoltage relay)
(Grand protective relay)
64
(AC directional over current relay)
67
(Blocking relay)
68
(Alarm relay)
74
(AC reclosing relay)
79
81 (Frequency relay)
(Carrier or pilot wire receive relay)
85
(Locking-out relay)
86
2-23
Toper
Current
Is (Relay Current Setting)
2.17 -
: (2538 : 327)
Definite IDMT
Minimum
Time
Current
Is (Relay Current Setting)
- (Time Dial Setting : TDS) (Time Multiplier Setting :
TMS)
11
0.1 1
2.6
2.6
(A) CTs (A)
0.5 2.5 ( 0.5 2) 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5
1.5 6 ( 2 6) 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4, 5, 6
4 16 ( 4 12) 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 16
: (2538 : 330)
2-26
2.5.7
(Protection Coordination) 2
(Grading Margin)
2-28
1.
1) 0.12 6
(Over travel time)
0.05 0.1
2) (Error)
3) (Safety Margin time)
0.1
0.4 0.5 2.21
2.21 (IDMT)
: (2538 : 338)
2.
1) (Phase Overcurrent relay)
(Minimum pick up current) 2 1.25
2.5
2) (Overcurrent ground relay)
30%
3)
4) (CTS)
CTS > 2
CTS < 1/3
5) 1 A 5 A 5 A
5 A
2-29
2.22
: (2538 : 361)
2. (Overvoltage relay)
2.6
3
1) (Open Type) 2.23
(Expansion)
2-30
2.23
2) (Open-link Type)
(Fuse link)
3) (Enclosed Type)
NEMA 2 (Fast) K
(Kwick) (Slow) T(Tardy) 2.24
2-31
2.24 K T
(Minimum melting time)
(Maximum clearing fault time) 2.25
2.25
2-32
2.7 (Co-ordination)
2.7.1
CBB CBA
G
Source
B F2 A F1
2.26
B F2
A F1 F1 F2 F1
B A
2.7.2
(Time Delay)
2.7.3
(Inverse Time Overcurrent Relay
2-33