Tiu lun K thut tri ph v truyn dn a song mang 2017

MC LC
MC LC.............................................................................................................. 1

PHN M U....................................................................................................2

PHN NI DUNG.................................................................................................3

CHNG I. S PHT TRIN CA H THNG THNG TIN DI NG........3

1.1 Gii thiu....................................................................................................3

1.2. H thng thng tin di ng.........................................................................3

1.3. Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng...................................5

CHNG II H THNG THNG TIN DI NG LTE......................................7

2.1 Cu trc mng LTE.....................................................................................7

2.2 Cc quy tc trong h thng v tuyn LTE...................................................9

2.2.1 iu ch..............................................................................................9

2.2.2 Khi nim c bn v OFDMA..........................................................10

2.2.3 Khi nim v trc giao...........................................................................12

2.2.4 OFDMA trong truyn v nhn d liu..............................................14

2.2.5 SC- FDMA.......................................................................................16

2.2.6 Cc tham s OFDMA cho LTE.........................................................17

2.2.7 Cu trc khung v tuyn c s dng trong LTE...........................19

PHN KT LUN..............................................................................................24

TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................26

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PHN M U
S pht trin vt bc ca cc thit b di ng, i hi s nng cp v ci
tin lin tc ca cc nh mng di ng. Sut mt khong thi gian di nghin cu
v th nghim, cui cng mt mng di ng mi p ng c i hi v tc
cng nh p ng c phm vi s dng. l mt hng p dng kh mi v
nhm nghin cu mun gii thiu trong ti: Mng di ng 4G - LTE
Bo co c trnh by vi 3 phn, mi phn c trnh by thnh cc
chng, c thc hin theo cu trc nh sau:
Phn m u: Tng quan v cu trc ca ti.
Phn ni dung: c chia thnh 2 chng:
o Chng 1: Tng quan ti, trnh by v tm quan trng ca ti, mc
tiu thc hin v phng php nghin cu trong sut qu trnh.
o Chng 2: C s l thuyt, trnh by cc khi nim, l thuyt c s ca cc
kin thc lin quan n ti, cc thut ton trin khai trong ti, cng
nh cc phng tin, cng c h tr.
Phn tng kt: Khng nh vai tr thc tin ca ti, kh nng ng dng
v pht trin ca ti trong tng lai, trnh by nhng thun li, kh khn trn
c s a ra nhng bi hc kinh nghim cho bn thn.

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PHN NI DUNG
CHNG I. S PHT TRIN CA H THNG THNG
TIN DI NG
1.1 Gii thiu
Nhu cu dch v vin thng bng rng ngy cng cao, bng rng khng ch
n thun cho php ngi s dng dch v vin thng m cn cho php s dng
cc dch v tin ch khc p ng mi nhu cu thit thc trong cuc sng. Chnh
v nhu cu ny m dung lng mng, tc truyn dn v nhu cu mi lc, mi
ni ngy ang l mc tiu pht trin ca cc doanh nghip vin thng. Trc cc
nhu cu , cc h thng thng tin di ng th h u khng p ng cc yu
cu cn phc v, do chun cc h thng thng tin di ng 3.5G, 3.9G, 4G
c nghin cu, pht trin v ng dng.
Hin nay, nc ta ang tn ti ng thi nhiu th h ca h thng thng
tin di ng (2G, 2.5G, 3G). Tuy vic trin khai h thng di ng 4G vn cn ang
trong qu trnh trin khai th nghim, nhng trc xu th pht trin chung ca
cng ngh vin thng c bit l cng ngh thng tin di ng, vic pht trin ln
cc h thng di ng 4G tin tin nh WiMAX 2, LTE-Advance l xu th thi i.

1.2. H thng thng tin di ng

Cho n nay, h thng thng tin di ng tri qua nhiu bc pht trin
quan trng. Th thng thng tin di ng tng t th h th nht n h thng
thng tin di ng s th h th hai. Nhng nm u th k 21 h thng thng tin
di ng bng rng th h th ba v ang c trin khai v ng dng rng ri
phc v i sng con ngi. H thng thng tin di ng th h th t c cc
hng vin thng ln nh: lin minh vin thng quc t ITU (International
Telecommunication Union) nghin cu v chun ha. Hin nay, h thng thng
tin di ng th h th 4 c a vo khai thc thng mi ti mt s ni trn
th gii. Dch v ch yu ca h thng thng tin di ng th h th nht v th
hai l thoi cn dch v ca th h th ba v sau s pht trin theo hng dch v
d liu v a phng tin.

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Cc h thng thng tin di ng t bo s hin nay ang giai on th th

th hai cng (2.5G), th h th ba (3G) v th h th ba cng (3.5G). p ng
nhu cu ngy cng tng ca cc dch v thng tin di ng nn ngay t u nhng
nm 90 ngi ta tin hnh nghin cu h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba.
Lin minh vin thng quc t b phn v tuyn (ITU-R) thc hin tiu chun
ha cho h thng thng tin di ng ton cu IMT-2000. chu u, Vin tiu
chun Vin Thng Chu u (ETSI) thc hin tiu chun ha phin bn ca h
thng ny vi tn gi l UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System:
H thng vin thng di ng ton cu). H thng ny lm vic di tn 2GHz v
cung cp nhiu loi dch v bao gm t cc dch v thoi, s liu tc thp hin
c n cc dch v s liu tc cao, video v truyn thanh. Tc cc i ca
ngi s dng c th ln ti 2Mbps. Tc cc i ny ch c trong cc pico
trong nh, cn cc dch v vi tc 14,4Kbps s c m bo cho thng tin di
ng thng thng cc macro. Ngi ta cng nghin cu cc h thng
thng tin di ng th h th t c tc cho ngi s dng khong 2Gbps. h
thng di ng bng rng (MBS) th cc sng mang c s dng cc bc sng
mm, rng bng tn l 64MHz v d kin s tng tc ca ngi s dng n
STM-1 [1].
Hin nay, hu ht cc quc gia trn th gii trin khai h thng thng
tin di ng 3G. Theo thng k ca hai hng Informa Telecom & Media v WCIS
and 3G America, hin nay c 181 hng cng cp dch v trn 77 quc gia a
vo khai thc dch v cc mng di ng th h th ba ca mnh. Vi h thng di
ng 3.5G (HSDPA) th c n 135 hng cung cp dch v trn 63 quc gia
cung cp cc dch v ca h thng di ng 3.5G. H thng tin 4G (Pre-4G) l
WiMAX cng c trin khai v a vo khai thc dch v mt s thnh ph
nh London, NewYork vo qu 2 nm 2007.
nc ta, cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca thng tin lin lc ni chung,
nhng nm gn y thng tin di ng ra i nh mt tt yu khch quan nhm
p ng nhu cu trao i thng tin trong thi k i mi ca t nc. Vo thi
k ban u, xut hin mt s mng thng tin di ng nh mng nhn tin ABC,
mng nhn tin ton qucc tnh cht th nghim cho cng ngh thng tin di

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ng. Sau nm 1993, mng in thoi di ng MobiFone s dng k thut s

GSM c trin khai v chnh thc a vo hot ng vi cc thit b ca hng
Alcatel. Nm 1996 mng Vinaphone ra i, n nm 2003 mng S-Fone s dng
cng ngh CDMA ca Saigon Postel i vo khai thc. Nm 2004 mng GSM ca
Viettel cng chnh thc i vo hot ng. Nm 2009, 3 doanh nghip v 1 lin
danh vin thng Vit Namchnh thc i vo khai thc mng di ng th h th ba,
bao gm: Tng Cng ty Vin thng Qun i (Viettel); Tp on Bu chnh Vin
thng Vit Nam (VNPT); Cng ty Thng tin di ng (VMS) v lin danh Cng ty
Thng tin Vin thng in lc (EVN Telelecom) v Cng ty c phn Vin thng
H Ni (Hanoi Telecom).

1.3. Qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng

Khi mi trin khai, h thng di ng 1G mi ch cung cp cho ngi s
dng dch v thoi, nhng nhu cu v truyn s liu tng ln i hi cc nh khai
thc mng phi nng cp rt nhiu tnh nng mi cho mng v cung cp cc dch
v gi tr gia tng trn c s khai thc mng hin c. T cc nh khai thc
trin khai h thng di ng 2G, 2.5G cung cp dch v truyn s liu tc cao
hn. Cng vi Internet, Intranet tr thnh mt trong nhng hot ng kinh
doanh ngy cng quan trng, mt trong s l xy dng cc cng s v tuyn
kt ni cc cn b di ng vi x nghip hoc cng s ca h. Ngoi ra, tim
nng to ln i vi cc cng ngh mi l cung cp trc tip tin tc v cc thng
tin khc cho cc thit b v tuyn s to ra ngun li nhun mi cho nh khai thc.
Do vy, p ng c cc dch v mi v truyn thng my tnh v hnh nh,
ng thi m bo tnh kinh t th h thng di ng th h th hai tng bc
chuyn i sang h thng thng tin di ng th h th ba. Khi m nhu cu v cc
dch v a phng tin cht lng cao tng mnh, m tc ca h thng 3G
hin ti khng p ng c th cc t chc vin thng trn th gii nghin
cu v chun ha h thng di ng 4G.

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Hnh 1.1. Qu trnh pht trin ca thng tin di ng

T qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng t khi ra i n nay

tao c th tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng qua bng sau:

Bng 1.1. Tng kt cc th h thng tin di ng.

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CHNG II H THNG THNG TIN DI NG LTE

H thng thng tin di ng 4G c a vo khai thc v s dng ti
mt s quc gia pht trin trn th gii t nm 2012. Vi s t ph v dung
lng, h thng di ng 4G cung cp nhng dch v phc v su hn vo i
sng sinh hot thng nht, cng vic cng nh c s tc ng ln n li sng
ca chng ta trong tng lai gn.

2.1 Cu trc mng LTE

Trong ti ny, h thng LTE c m phng vi phin bn rel 8 vi kh
nng ci thin mnh m thng lng. Mc tiu DL gp 3-4 ln so vi HSDPA
release 6 v mc tiu UL gp 2 ti 3 ln so vi HSUPA release 6.
Ngoi ra cn gim thiu ng k tr v c tnh linh hot cao.
H thng LTE c gii thiu theo tiu chun mi nht ca 3GPP c
gii thiu theo hnh sau:

Hnh 2.1. M hnh h thng LTE

Mng truy nhp v tuyn RAN (Radio Access Network): mng truy nhp
v tuyn ca LTE c gi l E-UTRAN v mt trong nhng c im chnh ca
n l tt c cc dch v, bao gm dch v thi gian thc, s c h tr qua nhng
knh gi c chia s. Phng php ny s tng hiu sut ph, lm cho dung
lng h thng tr nn cao hn. Mt kt qu quan trng ca vic s dng truy

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nhp gi cho tt c cc dch v l s tch hp cao hn gia nhng dch v a

phng tin v gia nhng dch v c nh v khng dy.
C nhiu loi chc nng khc nhau trong mng t bo. Da vo chng,
mng c th c chia thnh hai phn: mng truy nhp v tuyn v mng li.
Nhng chc nng nh iu ch, nn, chuyn giao thuc v mng truy nhp. Cn
nhng chc nng khc nh tnh cc hoc qun l di ng l thnh phn ca
mng li. Vi LTE, mng truy nhp l E-UTRAN v mng li l EPC. Mc ch
chnh ca LTE l ti thiu ha s node. V vy, ngi pht trin chn mt cu
trc n node. Trm gc mi phc tp hn NodeB trong mng truy nhp v tuyn
WCDMA/HSPA, v v vy c gi l eNodeB (Enhance Node B). Nhng
eNodeB c tt c nhng chc nng cn thit cho mng truy nhp v tuyn LTE,
k c nhng chc nng lin quan n qun l ti nguyn v tuyn. Giao din v
tuyn s dng trong E-UTRAN by gi ch cn l S1 v X2. Trong S1 l giao
din v tuyn kt ni gia eNodeB v mng li. S1 chia lm hai loi l S1-U l
giao din gia eNodeB v SAE GW v S1-MME l giao din gia eNodeB v
MME. X2 l giao din gia cc eNodeB vi nhau.
Mng li: mng li mi l s m rng hon ton ca mng li trong h
thng 3G, v n ch bao ph min chuyn mch gi. V vy, n c mt ci tn
mi: Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Cng mt mc ch nh E-UTRAN, s node
trong EPC c gim. EPC chia lung d liu ngi dng thnh mt phng
ngi dng v mt phng iu khin. Mt node c th c nh ngha cho mi
mt phng, cng vi Gateway chung kt ni mng LTE vi internet v nhng h
thng khc. EPC gm c mt vi thc th chc nng. - MME (Mobility
Management Entity): chu trch nhim x l nhng chc nng mt bng iu
khin, lin quan n qun l thu bao v qun l phin. - Gateway dch v
(Serving Gateway): l v tr kt ni ca giao tip d liu gi vi E-UTRAN. N
cn hot ng nh mt node nh tuyn n nhng k thut 3GPP khc. - P-
Gateway (Packet Data Network): l im u cui cho nhng phin hng v
mng d liu gi bn ngoi. N cng l Router n mng Internet. - PCRF
(Policyand Charging Rules Function): iu khin vic to ra bng gi v cu hnh
h thng con a phng tin IP IMS (the IP Multimedia Subsystem) cho mi

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ngi dng. - HSS (Home Subscriber Server): l ni lu tr d liu ca thu bao

cho tt c d liu ca ngi dng. N l c s d liu ch trung tm trong trung
tm ca nh khai thc.

2.2 Cc quy tc trong h thng v tuyn LTE

2.2.1 iu ch
Tn hiu bng rng khng th truyn trc tip ti anten do tn hiu khng
th qung b trn giao din v v tuyn. Do tn hiu bng rng hay bn tin
c iu ch trc khi truyn i trn giao din v tuyn. Sau li tip tc c
gii iu ch pha bn thu.

Hnh 2.2 iu ch v gii iu ch.

Theo tiu chun 3GPP , ty theo cht lng v tuyn v LTE s dng 3
mc iu ch QAMs c cho pha v bin tn hiu. H thng LTE h tr cho c
UL v DL cc iu ch nh: QPSK, 16QAM, 64-QAM.

Hnh 2.3 Cc bc iu ch
Ta c th m t iu ch da trn m hnh chm sao. V d, QPSK l iu
ch mnh m nht. N c m t theo m hnh chm sao vi :
Bn knh, R l bin , gc m t pha

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Hnh 2.4 M hnh chm sao

Trc khi d liu c truyn trn giao din v tuyn, b pht thc hin
m ha c kh nng pht hin hoc sa li. S lng parity c gi l coding
rate.
Coding rate c tnh theo cng thc:

2.2.2 Khi nim c bn v OFDMA

H thng LTE l mt m hnh c tnh hiu qu cao truyn c tn hiu d
liu v tn hiu iu khin gia mt trm gc eNodeB m mt thit b di dng
ngi dng. LTE s dng mt vi cng ngh mi i vi cc ng dng di dng.
Trong bao gm ghp knh tn s trc giao OFDM v cng s dng anten
MIMO truyn d liu.

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Mc d h thng LTE s dng c hai cng ngh FDD v TDD tch bit
lu lng UL v DL, tuy nhin theo tr trng th cc h thng c s dng vn
l FDD
Vi s quan tm ti TDD LTE, chng ta phn b mt vi tn s
chun b cho cc h thng LTE TDD.
Cc di tn s FDD c ghp cho php c th truyn ng thi trn hai
tn s. Gia cc di cng c mt khong bo v cho php cc tn hiu truyn i
khng nh hng ti hiu sut my thu.
E-UTRAN c thit k hot ng trn cc di tn s c nh ngha
trn bng sau:

Bng 2.1 Phn b bng tn FDD v TDD cho E-Utra

C mt vi cch thng s dng truyn d liu qua mt di tn s
chia s ti nguyn trn mt s thit b.
TDMA: Cc ngi dng c phn bit bi cc khe thi gian, cch ny
thng s dng trong GSM
CDMA: Ngi s dng c phn bit bi cc m xo trn. Cc ngi
dng ny c th nhn tn hiu v d liu trong cng mt khong thi gian v trn
cng mt tn s. Phng php ny c s dng trong 3G.
FDMA: Cc thit b u cui c phn bit bi tn s. H thng LTE s
dng mt phng php ci tin t FDMA , c gi l OFDMA.
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Mc ch ca h thng di ng LTE lm tng tc cng nh hiu sut s

dng ph, do vy OFDMA c s dng ti u hiu hiu qu s dng bng
thng h thng.
Trong FDM, cc sng mang con c phn bit trn mi min tn s
trnh gy ra nhiu gia cc tn s ln cn.

Hnh 2.5 Phn b tn s FDM xen k cc tn s bo v.

Tuy nhin cch ny gy lng ph rt nhiu hiu sut s dng ph bi v cc
khong tn s bo v khng c s dng truyn d liu. OFDM cho php loi
b cc khong tn s bo v ny i. Li ch ta t c l s c thm nhiu cc
sng mang con hn, iu ny cho php nhiu my tn hiu c truyn i trong
cng mt khong thi gian. Trc giao tn s em li kh nng s dng ph hiu
qu hn.
Trong OFDM, cc tn s sng mang ph c chn cc sng mang ph
trc giao vi nhau, c ngha rng s giao thoa sa cc sng mang ph c loi
b. iu ny gip chng ta loi b c cc khong tn bo v.
Trc giao yu cu cc khong tn s sng mang ph :
f = k/(TU) Hertz
Vi TU l thi gian mu tn hiu( kch c ca s bn nhn) v k l mt s
nguyn dng thng =1. Do , vi N sng mang con th tng s bng thng s
bng B Nf (Hz).
Kch thc mu ph thuc rng mi sng mang con.Tn s trung tm
mi sng mang cong s lin kt vi tn s ca sng mang.

2.2.3 Khi nim v trc giao.

2.2.3.1. Nhiu cc knh ln cn
Nhiu cc knh ln cn c hy b bi chng c t mt cch sao cho
khi gi tr ca mt sng mang c gi tr mc nh th cc gi tr cc sng mang ln
cn bng khng.

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Hnh 2.6. M hnh ha trc giao trong OFDM

Chnh v vy, OFDM cho php cc sng mang c mt cao m khng
gy ra nhiu lin tn s.
2.2.3.2. Nhiu lin k t
Do cc hin tng truyn tn hiu, nh phn x hoc nhiu x, mt b thu
c th nhn c mt s phin bn b tr hon ca cng mt tn hiu. iu ny to
ra nhiu lin k t.

Hnh 2.7 . Nhiu lin k t gy ra s sai khc d liu

loi b vn ny, ta chn thm mt khong bo v gia mi mu. Vi
cch ny, ISI vn cn tn ti, tuy nhin pha bn thu s khng b nh hng bi
nhiu.

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Hnh 2.8 . Chn tin t vng loi b ISI

Khong bo v ny c gi l tin t vng. Tin t vng c to ra bng
cch ly mt phn mu cui chn ln u mu m bo tnh lin tc. N cho
php to iu kin cho vic gii iu ch. iu ny cho php d dng iu ch
hn sau khi FFT.

Hnh 2.9 Cch thm tin t cyclic vo mu d liu.

2.2.4 OFDMA trong truyn v nhn d liu
2.2.4.1. OFDMA trong b pht tn hiu.
Trong ng xung, OFDM c chn p ng hiu qu cc yu cu
hiu nng ca E-UTRA. Vi OFDM, n l n gin khai thc s la chn tn

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s ca a knh gim phc tp cho bn nhn.. iu ny cho php la chn

tn s ngoi tn s lp lch trnh v s dng li mt cho bng thng c sn.

Hn na, do tnh cht min tn s ca n, OFDM cho php hot ng bng thng
linh hot vi phc tp thp. Cc cng ngh ng-ten thng minh cng d dng
hn h tr vi OFDM, v mi sng mang ph tr nn m dn v trng lng
ca ng-ten c th c ti u ha trn c s tng sng mang ph (hoc block
ca sng mang). Ngoi ra, OFDM cho php cc dch v pht sng trn mt mng
tn s n nht ng b (SFN) vi thit k tin t cyclic thch hp. iu ny cho
php cc tn hiu pht sng t cc t bo khc nhau kt hp qua khng kh, do
tng ng k sc mnh tn hiu nhn c v tc d liu h tr cho cc dch v
pht sng.

Hnh 2.10 Qu trnh Transmitter.

2.2.4.2. OFDMA ti b thu tn hiu.
Ti b pht v nguyn l c tng t b thu v tun theo s sau:

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Hnh 2.11 Qu trnh thc thi ti b Reciver

2.2.5 SC- FDMA
2.2.5.1 im khc bit gia DL v UL.
Xt v u v khuyt im ca OFDMA
u im:
C kh nng chng li mnh m nhiu knh ln cn trn bng hp.
C kh nng loi b nhiu lin k t ISI v hin tng fading bao gm c
fading la chn.
Hiu sut s dng ph cao
Hiu qu cho vic s dng FFT
Tuy nhin cng c cc nhc im:
H s cng sut mc nh ln (PAPR)
Vn hn ch cng sut tr thnh vn cn c quan tm trong
ng Up link. Tn hiu vi t s PARP cao s hn ch cng sut pht trn ng
UL v gim ph sng .
V vn ny , trn ng UpLink , Lte s dng mt phng php a truy
nhp c bin i t OFDMA l SC-FDMA hay cn gi l Single Carier-
Frequency Division Multiple Access.
SC-FDMA ci thin h s PARP so vi OFDM. iu ny s gim c chi
ph khuch i cng sut cho mobile ngoi ra cn gim thiu cng sut khuch i
back-off lm tng vng ph. Trn DL, vic s dng kt hp OFDM cng vi mt
vi k thut gim thiu PARP nh clipping and filtering, tones reservation,... Cn
trn ng UL, ta la chn SC-FDMA vi cc u im ca OFDM v kh nng

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gim thiu h s PARP.Ngoi ra SC-FDMA l mt s truyn dn kt hp nhiu

c tnh cn thit v d: PARP, kh nng gii quyt s cn bng cht lng cao vi
phc tp thp trong min tn s, c kh nng s dng nh phng php FDMA
m khng cn tn s bo v nn s linh hot trong vic la chn tn s. Chnh v
th, trn ng uplink, SCFDMA c la chn gii quyt cc vn c v
hiu sut s dng bng thng cng nh tnh ph hp vi thit b di ng
Vi OFDM, mi mu s c coi nh 1 sng mang con( knh phng). Cn
trn SCFDMA, mi mu c nhn nh mt bng thng rng hn( v d :
mx180KHz)
Ta c th nhn qua s so snh tng quan mu gia OFDMA v SCFDMA
qua hnh sau:

Hnh 2.12 Tng quan mu gia OFDMA v SC FDMA trong min tn s.

2.2.6 Cc tham s OFDMA cho LTE
u tin, rng mi sng mang con s bng 15kHz vi bt k bng thng
no.
Cc bng thng bao gm: 1.4,3,5,10,15 v 20 MHz.

Hnh 2.13 So snh s lng sng mang con gia bng thng 5Mhz v
10Mhz

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Nh ta thy, rng sng mang con trn bng 5Mhz so vi 10Mhz l nh

nhau nhng s lng sng mang ph ti bng 10Mhz gp hai ln so vi bng cn
li do sc cha ca n cng gp hai ln.

Bng 2.2 Thng k cc tham s v sng mang ph i vi mi bng thng

thng s dng trong LTE.
Vi bng thng 5Mhz cha khong 512 sng mang ph c di 15kHz.
Tng cng bng thng ln ti 7.68 Mhz.
Tuy nhin ch duy nht 301 sng mang ph c s dng (pilot,DC, d
liu) cn li c s dng lm cc sng mang bo v. iu ny c m t
nh hnh di

Hnh 2.14 Phn b sng mang ph.

Thi gian mi mu ph thuc vo rng sng mang ph:

Tin t vng c nh ngha bi 3GPP bao gm : Long CP c di

16,67 micro s v Normal CP rng 4,69 micro s.
Tng cng thi gian lan truyn 1 mu :
Useful duration + CP = 66,6 + 4,69
Duration tng = 71,29 micro s

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2.2.7 Cu trc khung v tuyn c s dng trong LTE

2.2.7.1 Cu trc khung trong LTE:
Cu trc khung trong LTE FDD:
Trong LTE FDD , Khung v tuyn ca UL v DL khng cng nm trn
cng mt sng mang.
Cu trc khung ny c gi l khung loi 1 nh ngha bi 3GPP. di
khung 10ms. Mi khung li c chia thnh 10 khung con c di 1ms. Mi
khung con li chia thnh 2 slot vi mi slot c di 0.5 ms.
Vi FDD, 10 subframe c sn cho truyn dn downlink v 10 subframe c
sn cho truyn dn uplink trn mi 10ms thi gian truyn. Uplink va downlink
c phn bit trn min tn s.

Hnh 2.15 Cu trc khung trong LTE FDD.

Mi slot li c chia thnh 7 symbol trong trng hp s dng normal
CP.

Hnh 2.16 Cu trc 1 time slot trong Khung s dng cho LTE FDD.
Cu trc khung trong LTE TDD:

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Mi khung 10ms c chia thnh 2 na, mi na di 5ms. Mi na khung

ny li c cha thnh 5 khung nh hn gi l sub frame , mi sub frame di
1ms.

Hnh 2.17 . Cu trc khung v tuyn ca LTE TDD

Nh trn hnh, Cc khung ph c th chia thnh cc khung ph chun gi
l khung ph c bit. Mi khung ph c bit gm 3 trng :
DwPTS: Time slot downlink pilot
GP: Khong bo v
UpPTS: Time slot uplink
Cc khung ny c s dng bn trong TD-SCDMA v nay c s dng
trong LTE TDD. Cc trng c th c cu hnh ring l v chiu li cho d
tng ba khung con c bit ny ch bng 1 ms.
S phn b cc subframe trong LTE TDD
Mt trong nhng im mnh khi s dng LTE TDD l c kh nng thay
i ng cc c tnh cn bng tuyn ln v xung p ng cc iu kin v
ti.
t c iu ny, c tng cng 7 cu hnh ng uplink v downlink
c t ra bn trong tiu chun LTE.

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Hnh 2.18 Cu hnh Uplink v Downlink trong TDD LTE

Nh trn bng ta c th xem xt mt vi cu hnh,
Vi chu k chuyn i 5ms, khung con c bit tn ti trong c hai na
khung.
Trong trng hp vi chu k 10ms, khung con c bit tn ti trong na
khung u tin.
C th thy rng trong bn trn, cc khung con s 0 v 5 cng nh DwPTS
lun lun c ginh ring cho ng downlink
C th thy rng upPTS v cc subframe ngay sau cc khung c bit lun
lun c ginh cho truyn dn uplink.
2.2.7.2 Khi ti nguyn
Vic a truy nhp ngi s dng c s dng trong c hai min thi gian
v tn s, cng nh c d liu v tn hiu iu khin. Min tn s- thi gian c
chia thnh cc chunks, n v nh nht phn b ti nguyn hay cn gi l
resource element.
Lu lng a truy nhp c thc thi bng cch phn b cho mi ngi
dng 1 s lng nht nh cc resource element ph thuc vo tc d liu v v
tr.

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Hnh 2.19 Cu trc resource block

Hnh 2.20. Cu trc mt PRB

Trong OFDMA , cc ngi dng c phn b vo mt s lng c th
cc khung con trong mt khong thi gian xc nh trc. Cc khung con c
phn ny c gi l cc Physical resource block PRB theo tiu chun k thut
LTE. Cc PRB ny dc xc nh theo kch thc c thi gian v tn s. Phn b
PRB c x l bng chc nng lp lch ca cac trm eNodeB
2.2.7.3 Resource element Group
i vi knh iu khin, tn hiu v tuyn th resource block khng phi l
n v p ng. i vi knh iu khin s c p ng bng cc resource
elements groups REGs. Cc REGs c to bi 4 hoc 6 trn 1 symbol. Cc
REG c nhm bi cc CCE.

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PHN KT LUN
ti tm hiu v LTE, mt ng c vin cho mng 4G trong tng lai.
Hin ti vn cha c quyt nh chnh thc ci no s l 4G. Nhng vi cc u
im ca LTE, n s l ng c vin sng gi. Ngi thc hin ti chn ti
ny nhm nng cao s hiu bit, ng thi y cng l ti mi m, ph hp vi
thc t. Ni dung ca n tm hiu v cng ngh LTE v vic tnh ton p dng
cho quy hoch mng v tuyn tin 4G LTE. n thc hin c : V phn l
thuyt l tm hiu qu trnh pht trin ca h thng thng tin di ng, m t tng
quan v mng thng tin di ng LTE, mt cng ngh tin 4G. Tm hiu v cc k
thut s dng trong LTE, chuyn giao, iu khin cng sut, ng thi cng so
snh im khc bit gia LTE v WCDMA trong cc kha cnh ny.
Sau khi tin hnh nghin cu v thc hin ti, nhm thu hoch c
nhng phn sau:
Ch ra nhng c im vt tri ca cng ngh LTE, tng quan kin
trc mng 4G LTE/SAE v nhng nghin cu v vic chun ha
mng 4G IMT Advanced.
Thng k v nh gi tnh hnh trin khai mng LTE, qu trnh
thng mi ha cng ngh LTE, cc dch v trn nn cng ngh
LTE v nh hng cp php mng 4G LTE trn th gii.
Thng k v nh gi v s pht trin ca mng v dch v 3G, th
nghim mng v dch v LTE v kh nng thng mi ca LTE ti
Vit Nam.
Phn tch k v nh gi nhng thnh cng v bi hc trong cp
php mng 3G Vit Nam, cc hnh thc cp php trn th gii v
xut i tng, mc tiu v quy trnh cp php trin khai mng
4G LTE ti Vit Nam.
hon thnh tt ti ny, nhm xin gi li cm n n PGS.TS.
Nguyn Hu Trung nh hng ti, tn tnh hng dn v gip nhm rt
nhiu trong qu trnh nghin cu v thc hin sn phm ny.
Mt ln na xin chn thnh cm n!

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TI LIU THAM KHO

[1] PGS.TS Nguyn Hu Trung, Gio trnh K thut tri ph v truyn dn a
sng mang. Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut.
[2]. Philip Solis Practice Director, Wireless Connectivity Aditya Kaul Senior
Analyst, Mobile Networks Nadine Manjaro Associate Analyst Jake Saunders Vice
President, Forecasting; Prospects for HSPA, LTE, and WiMAX; ABI research.
[3]. TS.Nguyn Phm Anh Dng ,Gio trnh L trnh pht trin thng tin di
ng 3G ln 4G. Nh xut bn Thng tin v truyn thng.
[4]. Xiupei Zhang, Jangsu Kim, and Heung-Gyoon Ryu; Multi-Access
Interference in LTE Uplink with Multiple Carrier Frequency Offsets;
Department of Electronic Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheong
Ju, Korea 316- 763; 2009 IEEE.
[5]http://thuonghieudanhtieng.com/tin-tuc-xa-hoi/lich-su-truong-thanh-cua-mang-
di-dong-hien-dai.html
[6] https://quantrimang.com/18-dieu-can-biet-ve-mang-4g-67303

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