The volume of gases can be measured easily.

Hence, the composition of

gases can be expressed in
terms of volume per cent. If parameters, such as temperature and pressure of
the gas are known, then
the density of the gas can be calculated. This, in turn, gives the mass of the
gas. While dealing with
substances existing in the gaseous state, the relationship among the
temperature, pressure, mass and
volume must be known.
2.9.1 Ideal Gas Law
According to Boyles law, for a given mass of an ideal gas, the product of the
pressure and volume is
constant at a constant temperature, i.e.
P V = Constant(2.16)
where
P = Absolute pressure (N/m
2
)
V = Volume occupied by the gas (m
3
)
According to Charles law, for a given mass of an ideal gas, the ratio of the
volume to temperature is
constant at a given pressure, i.e.
= Constant(2.17)
where
V = Volume occupied by the gas (m
T = Absolute temperature (K)
Combining Eqs. (2.16) and (2.17), we get
3
)
= Constant(2.18)
The constant is designated by the symbol R, known as univ