Professional Documents
Culture Documents
3 - PVT PDF
3 - PVT PDF
3 - PVT PDF
Status: Draft
Content
Phase envelops
Gas field
Hydrates
Characterisations of fluids Comp Mole%
N2 0.95
Equation of states (EOS) CO2
H20
0.6
0.35
C1 95
C2 2.86
C3 0.15
iC4 0.22
nC4 0.04
iC5 0.1
nC5 0.03
C6 0.07
C7 0.1
C8 0.08
C9 0.03
C10+ 0.13
Status: Draft
Phase diagram for a single component
Dense phase
P
Critical point
Solid Liquid
Gas
Trippel point
Status: Draft
Phase envelope of an oil reservoir
2 phase
mixture
Status: Draft
Phase envelope of a gas condensate reservoir
Tres, Pres
Liquid Gas
2 phase
mixture
Status: Draft
Phase envelops for 3 reservoir types
Gas Condensate
C
C
Oil
Pressure
Heavy oil
C = Critical point
Temperature
Status: Draft
Water-hydrocarbon phase behaviour
Status: Draft
Hydrate formation
400 Hydrate domain
350 Access to small molecules
Right pressure
300
250
200
150
Right temperature
100
No hydrates can
50 exist in this region
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
Status: Draft
Effect of thermodynamic hydrate inhibitors:
Methanol, Ethanol, MEG, salt
400
350
Chemicals move
300
the hydrate curve
(bar)
(bara)
250
Hydrate
200 domain
Trykk
Pressure
150 No hydrates
Normal
100 operational
domain
50
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Temperature (C)
Temperatur (C)
Status: Draft
Characterisation of fluids
Definitions:
Standard conditions [STP] for temperature and pressure: 15 oC, 1 atm
GOR = Volume of gas/ Volume of oil [Sm3/Sm3]
WC = Volume rate of water/ Volume rate of liquid [-]
o = o/w at STP (oil density / water density) - specific gravity of oil
g = g/a at STP (gas density / air density) - specific gravity of gas
API = 141.5/ o 131.5 (American Petroleum Institute measure of oil density)
Status: Draft
Old type characterization
Status: Draft
Reservoir fluid types (GOR)
Status: Draft
Reservoir fluid types (API)
Status: Draft
Characterisation of fluids based on
composition
Status: Draft
Gas chromatography
Fingerprint analysis
Waxy oil
Normal, paraffinic oil
Biodegraded oil
Status: Draft
Characterization challenge
Comp Mole%
Status: Draft
Fluid properties based on composition
mix xi i
Status: Draft
Equations of state (EOS)
RT
Ideal gas law: PV = nRT <=> P (good approx. for P < 4 bar)
v
n: moles, R: gas constant, : molar volume
RT a
Van der Waals cubic EOS: P 2
vb v
Status: Draft
Equations of state (EOS) & Phase envelope
Family of PV isotherms for a pure component Family of PV isotherms for a cubic EOS
Status: Draft
PVTSim
In the oil industry we typically use software packages to characterize the fluid
based on a measured composition
In Statoil we use PVTSim from Calsep
Status: Draft
Thank you
Status: Draft