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Basic Network Concepts
1
Faculty of Engineering & Technology M. S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences
Lecture 1
Introduction to Network Analysis and
Network Elements
Lecture delivered by:
Kiran Kumar B M
2
Objectives
At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

Explain network analysis
Classify various circuit elements
Classify basic active and passive elements
Explain terms: current, voltage, resistance, capacitance and inductance
3
Topics
Network analysis
Definitions
Network elements
Classification of electric networks
4
Network Analysis
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as

resistors, inductors, capacitors, transmission lines, voltage sources, current
sources, and switches
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Introduction
Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents
through, every component in the network
OR
A mathematical study of some useful interconnection of simple electrical
devices in which there is at least one closed current path
I=V/R
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Difference between Circuit and Network
An electrical circuit is a network that has a closed loop, giving a return path
for the current
A network is a connection of two or more components, and may
not necessarily be a circuit
NOTE: Every circuit is a network, but not all networks are circuits
circuit
network
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Definitions
Node
A point or junction where two or more circuits elements (resistor, capacitor
and inductor) meet is called Node
Network with three Nodes:
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Contd..
Branch
A branch is a conducting path between two nodes in a circuit containing the
electric elements. These elements could be sources, resistances, or other
elements. Electrical network with five branches:
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Contd..
Loop
A loop is any close path in an electric circuit i.e., a closed path or loop in a
circuit is a contiguous sequence of branches which begins and ends on the
same node and touches no other node more than once
Electrical network with three loops:
10
Contd..
Mesh
A mesh is a special case of loop that does not have any other loops within it or
in its interior. Fig. 1 indicates that the first three loops (a-b-g-a; b-c-g-b; and a-
c-b-a) just identified are also meshes but other two loops (a-c-g-a and a-b-c-
g- a) are not.
Figure 1 11
Network Elements
Any individual circuit element with two terminals which can be connected to
other circuit element
The classification of circuit elements in two categories
Classifications of network elements are

Active and Passive Elements
Unilateral and Bilateral Elements
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Contd..
Active and Passive Elements
Elements which supply the energy to the circuit are known as active
elements
Ex: batteries, generators, transistors etc (Voltage source and Current source)
Elements which absorb the energy are known as passive elements.

Ex: resistors, inductors and capacitors
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Contd..
Unilateral and Bilateral Elements
Unilateral Element: Conduction of current in one direction is termed as
unilateral element
Example: Diode, Transistor
Bilateral Element: Conduction of current in both directions in an element

with same magnitude is termed as bilateral element
Example: Resistance; Inductance; Capacitance
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Classifications of electrical networks
The behavior of the entire network depends on the behavior and

characteristics of its elements. Based on such characteristics electrical
networks can be classified as below
Active and Passive Network

Unilateral and Bilateral Network
Lumped and Distributed Network
Linear and Non-Linear Network
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Contd..
A network which contains at lease one source of energy element or an
active element is known as active networks. The energy source may be
voltage or current source
A network containing only passive elements and no energy source is

known as passive networks
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Contd..
A Unilateral network is one whose properties or characteristics change
with the direction
A bilateral network is one whose properties or characteristics are same in

either direction
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Contd..
A circuit or a network whose parameters (R, L, C) are always constant
irrespective of the change in time, voltage, temperature etc.
A circuit or a network whose parameters (R, L, C) change their values with

change in time, voltage, temperature etc
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Contd..
Lumped and Distributed Networks
Networks consisting of elements which can be physically separated are
known as lumped networks. Most of the networks we deal with, are
lumped in nature and consists of R, L,C and sources
Network in which the network elements like R, L and C cannot be

physically separable for analysis purpose is called distributed networks.
The best example of such a network is transmission lines, having
inseparable elements are known as distributed networks
Electrical Circuits or Network
1 2 3 4
Active Passive Linear nonlinear Unilateral Bilateral Lumped Distrtibuted
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Summary
An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical components
Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the
currents through, every component in the network
Network elements are classified as active and passive elements
Active elements are capable of generating electrical energy
Passive elements are incapable of generating electrical energy
Basic active elements are voltage and current sources and passive circuit
elements are the resistance, inductance and capacitance
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Contd..
Electrical networks can be classified into four types

Lumped and Distributed Network
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Basic Network Concepts

At the end of this lecture, student will be able to:

An electrical network is an interconnection of electrical elements such as

The classification of circuit elements in two categories

Classifications of network elements are

Elements which absorb the energy are known as passive elements.

Bilateral Element: Conduction of current in both directions in an element

The behavior of the entire network depends on the behavior and

Active and Passive Network

A network containing only passive elements and no energy source is

A bilateral network is one whose properties or characteristics are same in

A circuit or a network whose parameters (R, L, C) change their values with

Network in which the network elements like R, L and C cannot be

Active Passive Linear nonlinear Unilateral Bilateral Lumped Distrtibuted

Active and Passive Network

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