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4 - Area Method and Deflection of Beams PDF
4 - Area Method and Deflection of Beams PDF
How do we draw the moment and shear diagram for an arbitrarily loaded
beam?
Is there a easier and faster way to draw these diagrams rather than cutting
the beam at specific point and finding the internal actions point by point?
Shear and Moment Diagram Using
the Area Method
Pozitif i moment
The beam is cut at distance x along
the longitudinal direction!
=
2
= +
2 2
Shear and Moment Diagram Using
the Area Method
Consider the arbitrarily loaded beam shown below. We want to draw the
necessary diagrams using the area method.
F y = 0; V + w( x) x (V + V ) = 0
V = w( x) x (1)
M O = 0; V x M w( x) x [ k x ] + ( M + M ) = 0
M = V x + w( x) k x 2 (2)
These two expressions will be used o construct the shear and moment diagrams:
V = w( x)dx
M = V ( x)dx
Change in Area under the
moment shear diagram
Shear and Moment Diagram Using
the Area Method
V = w( x)dx
M = V ( x)dx
Shear and Moment Diagram Using
the Area Method
How do we deal with the concentrated load and concentrated moment in the
area method? To do that consider the following drawings
w=0
Slope = 0eimDirected
=0 downwards,
Jump along the direction of force P
Apply EoE:
F = 0x
F = 0y
M = 0
Example 2 (cont.ed):
Recall the expressions developed for the area method:
dV
= w( x)
dx
dM
=V
dx w=0
slope = 0
V = w( x)dx
M = V ( x)dx
Mo is in the clock wise direction (+),
this leads to a positive jump in the moment
V = F diagram. V negatif sabit
M = M 0 Slope = constant negative
Example 3: Draw the shear force and moment diagrams for the cantilever beam
shown below:
F = 0
x
F = 0
y
M = 0
Example 3 (cont.ed):
Use the expressions derived for the area method. Notice that this time we have
distributed force on the beam.
dV
= w( x)
dx w = negative constant (-w0)
dM Slope = negatif constant -w0
=V
dx
V = w( x)dx
V = Positive decreasing
M = V ( x)dx Slope = positive decreasing
Homework: Draw the shear force and moment diagrams for the cantilever beam
shown below. Notice that we have concentrated as well as distributed external loads.
Chapter Objectives
a) Measured in degree
b) Measured in radian
d) All of them
APPLICATIONS (UPDATE!)
The Royal
Gorge Bridge
Colorado
APPLICATIONS (UPDATE!)
The Golden
Gate Bridge
San Francisco
APPLICATIONS (UPDATE!)
Seismic
performance of
well-confined
concrete bridge
Deformed
reinforcing bars
APPLICATIONS (UPDATE!)
Moment-curvature relationship:
Sign convention:
ELASTIC CURVE (cont)
1
=
y
M 1 d 2 v dx 2 d 2v
= = 2
[
EI 1 + (dv dx )2 ]
3/ 2
dx
SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT BY INTEGRATION
(cont)
Sign convention:
SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT BY INTEGRATION
(cont.)
Boundary Conditions:
d 2v
EI 2 = Px (1)
dx
dv Px 2
EI = + C1 (2)
dx 2
Px 3
EIv = + C1 x + C2 (1)
6
PL2
0= + C1
2
PL3
0= + C1 L + C2
6
PL2 PL3
C1 = and C2 =
2 3
=
P 2
2 EI
(
L x2 )
v=
P
6 EI
(
x 3 + 3L2 x 2 L3 ) (Ans)
PL2
A = (4)
2 EI
PL3
vA = (5)
3EI
If this beam was designed without a factor of safety by assuming the
allowable normal stress is equal to the yield stress is 250 MPa; then a
W310 x 39 would be found to be adequate (I = 84.4(106)mm4)
30(5) (1000)
2 2
A = = 0.0222 rad
[ ( )]
2[200] 84.4 10 6
30(5) (1000)
2 2
vA = = 74.1 mm
3[200] 84.4 10[ ( )]
6