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Rock Engineering Rock Engineering Practice & Design Practice & Design
Lecture 8:
Stress Analysis around
Underground Openings
Kaiser et al.
al (2000)
The engineering
Th i i question
ti isi whether
h th a solution
l ti based
b d on the
th CHILE
assumption are of any assistance in design. In fact though, many CHILE-
based solutions have been used successfully, especially in those
excavations at depth
p where high g stresses have closed the fractures and
the rock mass is relatively homogeneous and isotropic. However, in near-
surface excavations, where the rock stresses are lower, the fractures
more frequent, and the rock mass more disturbed and weathered, there is
more concern about the validity of the CHILE model.
model
There exists several close form solutions for the induced stresses
B
k P
kP
Stress ratio:
k = h/v
Note that
h theh radial
d l stresses are zero
because there is no internal pressure,
and the shear stresses must be zero at
a traction-free
t ti n f b
boundary.
und
Hudson (2000)
1 First, we can assume that the vertical stress is
equal to the weight of the overburden, giving:
Harrison & H
MP
2 The extreme values of induced stress occur at positions aligned with the
principal in situ stresses, and so in order to compute the stress induced
n the crown
in wn and
n invert
n ((i.e.
. . roof
f and
n ffloor)) w
we u
use = 9
90,, and
n ffor
the sidewalls we use = 0.
d t
destressing
i stress
t
concentration
stress
destressing
concentration
t ti
A
A. We can assume that,
W h in
i 2-D
2 D cross-section,
i the
h stresses induced
i d d in
i
the sidewalls (tensile) and the crown (compressive) of the stope can
be approximated using the equations for an elliptical excavation.
Hudson (2000)
1 Rearranging the given equations, we can solve for
the height of the excavation as the minimum of:
or
Harrison & H
2 The maximum stress that can be sustained by the crown and the
sidewall are 218 and 5 MPa, respectively. Note that the sidewall
stress is negative because this represents the tensile strength.
strength
The maximal height of a stope such that the tensile strength of the
rock in the sidewall is not exceeded is given by:
Many underground
excavations are
i
irregular
l ini shape
h
and are frequently
grouped close to
other excavations.
excavations
These problems
require the use of
numerical techniques.
techniques
Examine2D)
cscience E
(Roc
27 of 37 Erik Eberhardt UBC Geological Engineering ISRM Edition
Case History: Trout Lake Mine, Flin Flon
Since 1927, Hudson Bay Mining & Smelting
has developed more than 29 mines in the
Flin Flon Greenstone belt, with continuous
production of zinc,
zinc copper,
copper silver
silver, and gold
since 1930.
Projected life
of mine.
In a historic mining centre like Flin Flon, the life of the town is
dependent on the ability to mine new and deeper reserves to feed the
mill and keep the smelter running.
running
Eberhardt et al.
al (1997)
pillar
Eb h d et al.
Eberhardt l (1997)
(199 )