CHAPTER 1

The Coordinated School Health Program: Organization,

Structure, and Influence on Student Health and Academic
Environment

Multiple Choice

C 1. The World Health organization has identified health as which of the

following dimensions?
A. physical, vocational, ethnic
B. emotional, social, and spiritual
C. physical, mental, and social
D. spiritual, vocational, and gender-related

D 2. Which dimension of health relates to how individuals feel about

themselves and how they express their emotions?
A. physical
B. social
C. spiritual
D. emotional

B 3. The most easily identified and most often considered dimension of

health is
A. social.
B. physical.
C. emotional.
D. spiritual.

B 4. How individuals work with others is a part of which dimension of

health?
A. physical
B. vocational
C. emotional
D. social

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B 5. Approximately fifty percent of premature illnesses and death is related
to
A. cancer and heart disease.
B. participation in risky health behaviors.
C. motor vehicle accidents.
D. chewing tobacco.

C 6. According to the National Health Objective initiative what percent of

the nations schools should have a planned sequential school health
education program by the year 2000?
A. 50%
B. 33%
C. 75%
D. 95%

A 7. The only goal that relates to the school health program in the Goals
2000: Educate America program is
A. providing drug and violence free school by the year 2000.
B. mandating employment of school nurses in all schools.
C. placing school based health clinics in all schools.
D. requiring the teaching of nutrition in all schools by the year
2000.

B 8. The key concepts for organizing effective school health programs are
A. medical care, disease prevention, accident preparedness.
B. health promotion, disease prevention, medical care.
C. home nursing, health prevention, disease prevention.
D. medical care, hospitalization, accident preparedness.

C 9. Schools tend to be more involved in

A. medical care than health promotion.
B. hospitalization than disease prevention.
C. disease prevention than medical care.
D. health promotion than disease prevention.

D 10. The skill development domain of learning is which of the following?

A. cognitive
B. physical
C. affective
D. psycho-motor

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D 11. In elementary schools who usually provides the health instruction?
A.the school nurse
B. a health education specialist
C. the physical education teacher
D. the classroom teacher

A 12. In the United States most children are educated in

A. public schools.
B. private schools.
C. home schools.
D. religious schools.

B 13. Scoliosis screening should be carried out

A. during pre-school.
B. in upper elementary school-age children.
C. during high school years.
D. in the primary school years.

A 14. Scoliosis screening is helpful in identifying

A. spinal curvatures.
B. vision problems.
C. hearing problems.
D. colorblindness.

B 15. Requirements that children be immunized before attending school are

mandated by
A. the federal government.
B. state legislation.
C. the American Medical Association.
D. the American Academy of Pediatrics.

D 16. Immunizations are required for school attendance for all but which of
the following?
A. rubella and tetanus
B. rubeola and pertussis
C. diphtheria and polio
D. HIV/AIDS and herpes

C 17. DPT immunization provides protection against

A. dental decay, plague, and typhoid.
B. dental decay, pertussis, and typhoid.
C. diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus.
D. diphtheria, polio, and tetanus.

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D 18. The federal legislation which established the national school lunch
program was passed
A. following the war in Viet Nam.
B. just before the Civil War.
C. during the presidency of Ronald Reagan.
D. following World War II.

A 19. Administrative management of the national school lunch program is

the responsibility of the United States Department of
A. Agriculture.
B. Health and Human Services.
C. Nutrition and Eating.
D. Labor.

C 20. Elementary and middle-level school physical education should

emphasize all but which one of the following?
A. cardiovascular health
B. coordination and good posture
C. athletic skill development
D. agility and flexibility

True/False

True 1. Ones personal appearance is a part of the physical dimension of health.

True 2. People with poor emotional dimension of health will probably have low
self-esteem.

False 3. The spiritual dimension of health relates solely to religious beliefs and
values.

False 4. The World Health Organization definition of health includes principally

the social dimension.

True 5. Since the turn of this century length and quality of life has improved.

True 6. Educational reform initiatives have generally called for a decrease in

school health.

False 7. Health education in the schools is included in the Goals 2000: Educate
America program.

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True 8. Medical care includes activities with a focus on sick individuals.

False 9. Emphasis on hand washing before eating is an example of medical care.

True 10. Schools are more active in disease prevention initiatives than in the
delivery of medical care.

False 11. Health promotion and medical care are synonymous.

True 12. Health education should include planning of learning goals and
objectives in each learning domain.

False 13. Research indicates that more time in formal instruction are necessary
to produce changes in the cognitive domain that in the affective
domain.

False 14. It is expected in most school districts that immunizations will be

provided by the local public health department.

True 15. School districts should have written policies for managing sick and
injured students while at school.

False 16. Based on federal law the classroom teacher must make necessary
repairs to school equipment that is potentially dangerous to students.

True 17. School districts have the responsibility for safety of children being
transported on school buses.

True 18. Dietary behaviors of students are important in physical development.

True 19. The national support for the school lunch program rests in the
Department of Agriculture.

False 20. Schools are mandated to participate in the federal school lunch
program.

False 21. Recess should be eliminated following grade two because of the need
for more academic time.

False 22. The average length of time for elementary school physical education
classes is ten minutes.

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True 23. School districts are a good location for providing work-site health
promotion programs.

True 24. School districts should establish school health advisory councils.

True 25. Schools should seek ways to work with non-profit health agencies in
the community.

Short Answer

1. What is the physical dimension of health?

2. Discuss the various components of the spiritual dimension of health.

3. What is meant by the concept of participation in risky health behaviors?

4. What are the six preventable behaviors that have been identified as important in prevention of
illness and premature death?

5. What is the difference between disease prevention and health promotion?

6. What differences are there between the affective domain and cognitive domain of learning?

7. What responsibilities do school personnel have for caring for students who become ill or
injured while at school?

8. What is the responsibility of teachers relating to physical hazards around the school facility?

9. What has research indicated regarding the relationship between students who eat a school
lunch program and school attendance and achievement?

10. In what ways does the school psychologist and social worker contribute to the goals and
objectives of the school health program?

11. What is work-site health promotion?

12. Why should teachers be in good health?

Essay

1. Explain the unique features of the five different dimensions of health.

2. Discuss the significance and details of the Healthy People initiative.

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3. Trace the various national initiatives in educational reform since the early 1980s to the present
and emphasize the role of health education in these various reports and initiatives.

4. Discuss the three key concepts in organizing an effective school health program.

5. Explain the impact of the national health education standards initiative on school health
program development.

6. What are the immunizations that a child must have before being able to enroll in school?

7. Identify some of the physical hazards around a school that impact the health and well-being of
children.

8. Discuss the relationship between nutritional status and academic achievement at school of
elementary and middle-level school children.

9. How can the school nutrition/feeding program be coordinated with the school nutritional
instructional program.

10. What contributions to wellness and good health status can the elementary and middle-level
physical education program provide?

11. Discuss some of the ways in which a school health program can be a part of a broader based
community health program.

12. Identify some of the agencies, organizations, and activities within your community that have
programming which the school teacher can use in the school health program.

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 CHAPTER 2
School Health Services: Activities to Protect and Promote
the Health of Students

Multiple Choice

C 1. Most school-based/school-linked health clinics are found in

A. elementary schools.
B. middle-level schools.
C. secondary schools.
D. pre-schools and nursery schools.

D 2. The classroom teacher should perform all but which one of the
following?
A. gathering of information
B. referral
C. student observation
D. diagnosis of condition

B 3. The physical examination of an elementary school-age child should be

conducted by the
A. hospital director.
B. family physician.
C. school director of medicine.
D. local public health officer.

D 4. Health screening activities conducted within the school setting are

usually the responsibility of the
A. classroom teacher.
B. school medical director
C. school secretary.
D. school nurse.

B 5. The school nurse

A. only has to have an RN in order to work in the schools.
B. is not usually certified to teach health education classes.
C. must be certified as a teacher of health.
D. is never certified as a school nurse provider.

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B 6. The school nurse
A. teaches health classes.
B. serves as a liaison with the parents regarding the health status of
the child.
C. is overpaid for his or her skills and training.
D. is the only individual in the school who should be permitted to
perform first aid.

B 7. School Nurses usually are employed

A. only by local boards of health.
B. by both health departments and school boards.
C. only by school boards of education.
D. by private agencies assigned to the schools.

D 8. Who has the primary responsibility for meeting the specialized needs of
the medically fragile child while at school?
A. school physician
B. school secretary
C. classroom teacher
D. school nurse

C 9. Diagnosis of a physical growth and development disorder is the

responsibility of
A. the school nurse.
B. the classroom teacher.
C. a physician.
D. a physical therapist.

A 10. A student with conjunctivitis should

A. stay home and be isolated from other students.
B. be permitted to attend school.
C. drink additional amounts of water.
D. attend school when given permission by the parents.

A 11. Conjunctivitis is commonly called

A. pinkeye.
B. glaucoma.
C. astigmatism.
D. myopia.

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C 12. An inflammation of the sebaceous gland on the edge of the eyelid is a
A. cataract.
B. strabismus.
C. sty.
D. pigmentosa

C 13. The leading cause of blindness worldwide is

A. oncocerciasis.
B. astigmatism.
C. trachoma.
D. glaucoma.

B 14. Trachoma is a
A. viral infection that affects the optic nerve.
B. bacterial infection that affects the cornea.
C. fungal infection of the pupil of the eye.
D. viral infection that affects the rods and cones of the retina.

A 15. Uveitis is caused by a

A. protozoan parasite.
B. virus.
C. fungus.
D. bacterial infection.

C 16. If an object becomes imbedded in the eyeball,

A. the teacher should have the school nurse remove the object.
B. the athletic trainer should remove the object.
C. no effort should be taken to remove the object.
D. have the student carefully remove the object so as to reduce the
pain.

D 17. The buildup of the vitreous fluid in the interior of the eye is
A. strabismus.
B. uveitis.
C. cataract.
D. glaucoma.

B 18. Which of the following are refractive errors of the eye?

A. glaucoma and cataract.
B. hyperopia and myopia.
C. retinal detachment and strabismus.
D. strabismus and hyperopia.

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B 19. When one has myopia objects at a distance
A. appear fuzzy and blurry, as do those that are nearby.
B. appear fuzzy and blurry, nearby objects are clear.
C. appear clear, but nearby objects are fuzzy.
D. and nearby objects are both very clear.

C 20. In cases of myopia the light rays focus

A. behind the retina.
B. on the retina.
C. short of the retina.
D. on the cornea.

A 21. Myopia can be corrected by wearing glasses with

A. concave lenses.
B. convex lenses.
C. circular lenses.
D. diagonal lenses.

A 22. Astigmatism occurs when there is an imperfectly shaped

A. cornea.
B. lens.
C. retina.
D. optic nerve.

C 23. The first state-wide school vision screening program was established
in
A. New York.
B. Massachusetts.
C. Connecticut.
D. Virginia.

D 24. The most commonly used and least expensive vision screening device
in the schools is
A. Keystone Telebinocular.
B. Massachusetts Vision Test.
C. Bausch and Lomb School Ortho-Rater.
D. Snellen Eye chart.

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C 25. Children are examined at what distance when the Snellen Eye Chart
test is given?
A. ten feet
B. ten yards
C. twenty feet
D. twenty yards

A 26. A report of 20/40 on the Snellen Eye Screening indicates that the child
can see at
A. twenty feet what the normal child can see at forty feet.
B. forty feet what the normal child can see at twenty feet.
C. twenty yards what the normal child can see at forty yards.
D. forty yards what the normal child can see at twenty yards.

C 27. Color blindness is found

A. more commonly in females than males.
B. most commonly in Asian-American females.
C. more commonly in males than in females.
D. most commonly in African-American teen males.

D 28. Hearing screening in schools is mandated

A. by the federal government in all elementary schools.
B. for middle-level school children by the federal government.
C. for junior high students in half of the states by state law.
D. in several states for preschool and kindergarten children.

B 29. Hearing screening is performed with the

A. scoliotic screening device.
B. pure-tone audiometer.
C. Snellen chart.
D. Ishihara plates.

C 30. The one single most reliable test frequency for hearing is
A. 500 Hz.
B. 750 Hz.
C. 1,000 Hz.
D. 1,500 Hz.

C 31. Conductive hearing losses affect the

A. outer and inner ear.
B. inner ear.
C. middle and outer ear.
D. middle and inner ear.

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B 32. An audiogram that shows greater loss in the high frequencies indicates
a
A. conductive hearing loss.
B. sensorineural hearing loss.
C. astigmatism hearing loss.
D. mixed hearing loss.

D 33. Otitis Media is an infection of the

A. outer ear.
B. inner ear.
C. optic nerve.
D. middle ear.

B 34. What are the two types of scoliosis?

A. postural an dinner nodular
B. structural and postural
C. inner circular and postural
D. structural and circular.

C 35. Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the

A. optic nerve.
B. upper extremity.
C. spine.
D. lower extremities.

C 36. Immunization is required by law for admission to school in

A. about half of the states.
B. only those states south of the Ohio River.
C. all of the states.
D. 37 of the states.

C 37. Immunization for school admittance include which of the following?

A. diphtheria, polio, and pneumonia
B. hepatitis, HIV, and rubeola
C. rubella, rubeola, and diphtheria
D. influenza, tetanus, an pertussis

C 38. Immunization for school admittance include which of the following?

A. common cold, polio, pinkeye
B. tetanus, polio, and influenza
C. tetanus, polio, and pertussis
D. diphtheria, HIV, and common cold.

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D 39. Pertussis is an infection of the
A. skeletal system.
B. digestive system.
C. reproductive system
D. respiratory system.

B 40. Poliomyelitis is a disease of the

A. respiratory system.
B. central nervous system.
C. skeletal system.
D. digestive system.

C 41. Which of the following childhood disease has a serious impact as a

cause of birth defects?
A. polio
B. rubeola
C. rubella
D. tetanus

C 42. Today it is recommended that children be immunized for rubeola

A. at eight months of age
B. any time prior to one year of age.
C. after their first birthday.
D. at the same time as they receive DPT vaccine.

D 43. Hepatitis is a disease of the

A. heart.
B. skeletal system.
C. gall bladder.
D. liver.

A 44. Vaccines are available for

A. hepatitis A and hepatitis B.
B. hepatitis C and hepatitis A.
C. hepatitis B and hepatitis C.
D. all three types of hepatitis.

C 45. Hepatitis A is spread by

A. blood transfusions.
B. exposure to pertussis.
C. close person to person contact.
D. the HIV virus.

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A 46. Hepatitis B virus is found in
A. blood and other body secretions.
B. human waste.
C. vaccines developed in third world nations.
D. post-war studies in Egypt.

D 47. Hepatitis B is spread by

A. infected food handlers.
B. exposure to early childhood diseases.
C. diabetes.
D. unprotected sex, razors, and toothbrushes.

C 48. The policies and procedures governing the giving of first aid and
emergency treatment in the schools should be
A. those recommended by the state department of education.
B. those recommended by the local fire department.
C. locally determined by a committee.
D. written by the medical director of the local health
commissioner.

C 49. In every school, the plan for first aid and emergency care should
A. include having locked first aid kits, with the key held by the
school nurse.
B. provide any and all supplies that might conceivably be helpful.
C. include a list of clear, concise standing orders.
D. limit the provision of first aid to health professionals.

D 50. The Family Rights and Privacy Act gave parents

A. the right to request that no records be kept on the children by
the school district.
B. no authority to see the school records of their children.
C. the right to remove their students from school should there be
no school health records being kept by their school district.
D. the right to examine information placed on the school records of
their children.

True/False

False 1. It is unconstitutional for health department personnel to carry out health

services within the school environment.

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False 2. The principle service provided in school-based health clinics is
reproductive health care.

3. The school nurse is qualified to diagnose conditions of school children

at school.

4. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act mandates that

handicapped children must be enrolled in specific schools established
for young people with physical disabilities.

5. The school nurse is not expected to participate in activities designed to

identify children with handicaps.

6. School nurse certification automatically qualifies the nurse to teach the

health classes of elementary and middle-level schools.

7. Classroom teachers are not expected to diagnose and treat physical

conditions of students in their classrooms.

8. Providing medical care to students in elementary and middle schools is

not a part of the school health serviced program.

9. A complete health history is important to a health appraisal activity.

10. Physical growth and development screening have little value among
elementary school-age children.

True 11. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the sclera.

False 12. There are prescriptive ointments that can be given for viral-caused
inflammation of the eyes.

True 13. The most effective measure to counter the sty is to apply hot
compresses to the sty.

True 14. Retinitis pigmentosa is an inherited eye disease.

True 15. Retinitis pigmentosa produces night blindness in children.

True 16. Injuries to tissues surrounding the eyes should be cared for as is any
wound.

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False 17. When alignment of the eyes is turned inward, it is referred to as
exotropia.

True 18. Among school age children retinal detachment is most likely to result
from injuries to the head.

True 19. Surgery can repair some of the problems associated with glaucoma.

True 20. Congenital glaucoma usually develops in middle age.

True 21. With hyperopia distant objects tend to be in focus.

True 22. With myopia objects at a distance tend to be fuzzy and blurry.

True 23. Difficulty in reading is a common indication of farsightedness.

False 24. Farsightedness can be corrected by the use of concave lens.

False 25. There are three effective instruments that can be used in school
screening programs for astigmatism.

True 26. Children enrolled in EPSDT are required to have vision screening.

True 27. Visual acuity refers to how well an individual sees an object at a
specific distance.

False 28. The Snellen Eye Chart screening procedure is very ineffective for use
in school vision screening programs because of cost.

True 29. Boys are more likely to be color blind than girls.

False 30. Audiologists are medical doctors with a specialty in hearing

impairment.

False 31. Most commonly hearing screening of school children is conducted in

the 4,000 to 8,000 HZ range.

True 32. Testing for sensorineural hearing loss is accomplished by means of

bone conduction.

False 33. Conductive hearing loss is a problem in the inner ear.

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False 34. Sensorineural hearing loss is usually considered to be a temporary
hearing loss.

False 35. A sensorineural hearing loss usually affects the lower frequencies.

False 36. Otitis media is a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss.

True 37. Postural scoliosis is usually correctable with exercise.

False 38. Exercises are affective in correcting structural problems of the

vertebrae.

True 39. Females tend to be affected by scoliosis more than boys.

True 40. It is best to screen boys and girls separately for scoliosis in a school
setting.

True 41. The United States Supreme Court has ruled that compulsory
immunization requirements for school attendance is constitutional.

False 42. Diphtheria is a communicable disease which affects the abdominal and
circulatory system.

False 43. Th DPT immunization is usually begun at about ten months of age.

True 44. In order to be completely immunized for diphtheria the child should
have a minimum of four doses of the DPT.

True 45. Pertussis is commonly referred to as whooping cough.

True 46. It is recommended that the oral polio vaccine be given prior to
eighteen months of age.

False 47. Incidences of rubella have increased in the past decade.

False 48. Immunization for rubella involves receiving three doses of the vaccine.

False 49. German measles is known as "red measles" or "seven day" measles.

True 50. The first indications of measles are similar to those of a common cold.

True 51. Hepatitis is a disease which attacks healthy liver cells.

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False 52. Immunization for all three types of hepatitis are now available.

False 53. Hepatitis A is found in blood and other body secretions.

True 54. The principal treatment for hepatitis B involves interferon therapy
administered by injection.

True 55. Fatigue and nausea are signs of hepatitis A.

True 56. CDC recommends that HBV be included in immunization schedules

for all children.

True 57. Cirrhosis of the liver develops from hepatitis C virus exposure.

False 58. It is recommended that the first dose of HBV be administered about
one year of age.

False 59. School health records are mandated by federal legislation.

True 60. Parents have the right to see information recorded on the health
records of their children at school.

Short Answer

1. What is a school-based/school-linked health clinic?

2. What are some of the responsibilities that a school nurse fulfills within the school health
service program?

3. How did the Education for All Handicapped Children Act impact the school health service
program?

4. What is meant by the term, medically fragile child?

5. What is an IEP?

6. Why are teacher observations so important to the provision of health services at school?

7. What are some of the medical procedures that now must be carried out on handicapped
children at school by school nurses?

8. Who should conduct a physical health examination on an elementary or middle-level school

age child?

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9. What should be included in the physical examination of an elementary school child?

10. What are some of the observations that the classroom teacher can make regarding vision and
hearing problems?

11. What emergency care measures can be taken when there is an injury to the eye?

12. What is glaucoma?

13. What are refractive errors?

14. Explain the difference between myopia and hyperopi.

15. How can the school nurse or teacher screen for eye muscle imbalance?

16. What inexpensive procedures can the classroom teacher perform to screen for color
blindness?

17. What is an audiometer?

18. Explain the differences between air and bone conduction testing.

19. What measures can the classroom teacher take to perform initial screening for hearing
deficiency?

20. What is the difference between a conductive ad sensorineural hearing loss?

21. What is scoliosis?

22. What are the differences between structural and postural scoliosis?

23. What are the exemptions from compulsory immunization requirements for school
admittance?

24. For what diseases do most states require immunization before a child can enter school?

25. What are the indications of rubeola?

26. What are the two major complications of German measles?

27. Identify the dangerous risk factor associated with mumps.

28. What is hepatitis?

29. How does Hepatitis A differ from Hepatitis B in cause?

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30. How does Hepatitis A differ from Hepatitis B as it relates to treatment and care?

31. Explain the significance of en loco parentis.

32. What type of policy should be developed relating to emergency care of children at school?

33. What rights do parents have to see information on their childs school health records?

34. Who is responsible for maintaining the health records of students at school

35. What is a school health record?

Essay

1. Discuss some of the issues centering around opposition to the provision of health services to
students at school.

2. Identify some of the diseases of the eyes that can present problems for children.

3. Why are refractive errors of particular concern to a school health service screening program?

4. Discuss the purpose, value, and procedures used in the Snellen Eye Chart school examination.

5. In what ways can hearing difficulties have an impact upon the students learning experiences?

6. Explain how young peoples hearing has been affected by increased sound intensity created by
musical amplification.

7. Explain various screening procedures that the school nurse and/or the classroom teacher can
take for scoliosis.

8. How is scoliosis treated medically?

9. Discuss the need for immunization requirements for admittance to school.

10. Diagram recommended immunization schedules for childhood school mandated

immunizations.

11. Explain the differences between Hepatitis A, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.

12. What special concerns must school personnel have relating to Hepatitis A and B?
13. Develop the legal base for suggesting that teachers have a legal responsibility to aid children
who become sick or injured in their school.

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14. Why has the federal legislation regarding education for handicapped children meant an
increase in medical involvement at school of the school nurse?

15. Explain the impact of the Family Rights and Privacy Act on school health record keeping.

16. Discuss the concern of school nurses about school health record keeping.

17. What kinds of information should be kept on a childs school health record?

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85
 CHAPTER 3
The Instructional Program: Comprehensive School Health
Education

Multiple Choice

C
1. In American schools the responsibility for curriculum development rests
with the
A. state department of education.
B. local teachers union.
C. local school district.
D. local city/county governmental offices.
D
2. A CDC study found that how many states had a professional who is
responsible for the school health education program?
A. twenty-two states
B. half of the states
C. all but three of the states
D. all of the states
A
3. In the United States there is
A. much disparity in health education programing among
school districts.
B. great similarity in health education programming among school
districts.
C. commonality in health education programming among school
districts.
D. disparity in health programming in rural schools, but not in
large urban school districts.
D
4. Health curriculum development is influenced by all but which of the
following?
A. need of the students
B. textbooks available and used
C. teachers interest and expertise
D. recommendations of local public health department

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A 5. Lower-order thinking occurs when students are asked to
A. receive or recite facts.
B. synthesize information.
C. draw conclusions about ideas.
D. manipulate and explain ideas.

A 6. High level of social support is noted when there is which of the

following in classroom instruction?
A. mutual respect
B. little expectations for all students
C. encouragement to not take risks
D. encouragement of voluntary participation

C 7. Students learn best when

A. there is little interaction between students.
B. learning experiences are unorganized.
C. students are involved in the learning process.
D. students are provided with the conclusions to the concept under
consideration.

D 8. Under which of the following do students not tend to learn as well?

A. positive teacher-learner relationships are cultivated
B. students become emotionally involved with the topic.
C. information can be put to immediate use
D. skills are discussed more than practiced

B 9. A sequential health education curriculum should be based on all but

which of the following?
A. current health concepts
B. economic considerations
C. students needs
D. societal issues

C 10. The school health education curriculum should include all but which
of the following content areas?
A. family life and personal health
B. community health and nutrition
C. condom use and abortion
D. consumer health and environmental health

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 11. According to the CDC which of the following should be included in a
B school health program?
A. environmental health and consumer health
B. reproductive health promotion and intentional and
unintentional injury
C. personal health and community health
D. dental health and growth and development

12. The most meaningful teaching methods include all but which of the
C following?
A. use discovery approaches
B. focus instruction on positive rather than punitive approaches
C. spend little emphasis on the affective domain
D. provide opportunities to practice and master the skills

13. Which of the following is not a question to be considered in involving

A students in curriculum planning of the health curriculum?
A. What topics should we include?
B. What materials do we need?
C. What would you like to do?
D. What can we do to find out?

14. Elementary and middle-level school-age students should be involved

C in collaboration with the teacher in curriculum planning
A. from the start of the curriculum development project.
B. in urban schools, but not rural schools.
C. after the teacher has identified potential instructional topics
or themes.
D. in school districts where there is a health education coordinator.

15. The federal document: School Health: Findings from Evaluated

C Programs was published primarily for which of the following?
A. elementary and middle-level school age children
B. parents
C. health and education officials in schools and the
community
D. coaches of major sports in the schools.

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 16. Which of the following curricula have been shown to reduce sexual
C risk behaviors associated with HIV and unintended pregnancy?
A. Life Skills Training
B. Project Towards No Tobacco Use
C. Be Proud! Be Responsible
D. Project Quest

True/False
1. In the United States the responsibility for curriculum development in
False the public schools rests with the federal government.

2. Historically, centralized federal curriculum initiatives have been

False common in most states.

3. Health education has been an important element in the education reform

False movement of the 1990s.

4. Research has revealed that less than half of the states require that
False schools provide some health instruction at the elementary school level.

5. Overlap and duplication is encouraged in health curriculum

False development.

6. The authors and publishers of textbooks can exert influence over the
True health content covered in health instruction.

True
7. Higher-order thinking requires students to synthesize information and
draw conclusions about ideas.
True
8. In use of lower-order thinking students are called upon to apply rules
through repetitive experiences.
True
9. Class activities should have an impact on the experiences the child will
experience outside of the classroom.
False
10. High-level, substantive conversation involves lecture and recitation.
False
11. Classroom activities in which ideas are shared in a forum that is not
scripted is referred to as low-level conversation.

89
 12. Students learn best when there are positive teacher-learner
True relationships.

13. Students tend to learn better when they can interact with other
True students.

14. Students learn better when they are kept from becoming emotionally
False involved with concepts being taught.

15. Classroom activities must be diverse for success.

True
16. The elementary and middle level school health curriculum should only
False focus on the prevention of disease.

17. Research has shown that school health education has no impact on
False national health care cost containment.

18. Studies have shown that few parents are supportive of comprehensive
False school health education programming.

19. Research has indicated that students desire that more instructional time
True be given to health than to English, math, and science.

20. Learning centers have little value in effective teaching.

False
21. Instruction should focus on positive rather than punitive approaches.
True
22. Students should be provided opportunities to demonstrate, practice,
True and master the skills needed to act on health decisions.

23. The skill-based approach to health education is of little value for

False establishing long-term health behaviors.

True
24. Elementary and middle-level classroom teachers are encouraged
initially to focus lesson planning energies on developing age
appropriate activities for students.
True
25. The most effective learning activities are those that help students
connect the content issues and health promoting behaviors.
False
26. Learning activities and materials in health education should be more
abstract than concrete for elementary school age children.

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 27. Learning is a collaborative process.
True
28. Research has indicated that elementary school age children are too
False young to be expected to participate in collaborative planning of the
health education lessons.

29. Today most school districts have developed and implemented

False comprehensive health instruction for grades K-12.

30. The intended target of the document entitled School Health: Findings
False from Evaluated Programs is parents and their family physicians.

31. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention does not endorse
True specific school health education curricula.

32. The curriculum entitled Life Skills Training has shown to be effective
False in reducing sexual risk behaviors.

33. The curriculum entitled Reducing the Risk has been shown to be
False effective in reducing tobacco use among adolescents.

Short Answer

1. Explain what is meant by local control of education.

2. What is meant by scope and sequence in curriculum development?

3. Why has health instruction not be a priority in recent educational reform initiatives?

4. Why is health content in the curriculum often influenced by the interest or expertise of the
classroom teacher?

5. Compare lower-order thinking and high-order thinking.

6. What is meant by "depth of knowledge"?

7. Identify several concepts that should be considered relating to how students learn best when
developing classroom instruction.

8. The health education curriculum should include what ten health content areas?

9. According to Lohrmann and Wooley what are concepts that result in effective health
education curricula?

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10. What is meant by a "skill-based approach to health education"?

11. What are examples of age appropriate activities?

12. What is meant by individually appropriate activities?

13. What are ways in which human diversity issues can be considered in planning health
education curriculum?

14. Identify ways in which children can be involved in the development of health education
lessons and curriculum.

15. What are several curricula that have been shown to reduce sexual risk behaviors with HIV
and untended pregnancy?

Essay

1. What are the responsibilities of the local, state, and federal education leaders in establishing
curriculum?

2. Why has there been interest expressed in national standardized curriculum for the educational
"basics"?

3. Discuss three characteristics of high-level, substantive conversation.

4. Compare high-level, substantive conversation with less-than-sophisticated instruction in the

classroom.

5. Discuss the six content areas recommended by CDC to be included in a school health
education instructional curriculum.

6. Explain how school health education can contribute to national health care cost containment.

7. What steps have been identified to help students master health skills?

8. Discuss suggested guidelines for organizing learning strategies that are both age-and
individually-appropriate in the health education curriculum.

9. Discuss Williams four step procedure for engaging students in a collaborative approach to
curriculum planning.

10. Identify and discuss criteria for comprehensive health

92
93
 CHAPTER 4
Tools of Teaching: The Hardware of Instruction

Multiple Choice

C 1. The basic reference used in most health classes in elementary and

middle-level school is the
A. Local newspaper
B. School district news bulletin
C. Textbook
D. Computer

D 2. Currently there are how many elementary health textbook series

available for use in the elementary and middle-level school?
A. Ten
B. Eight
C. Five
D. Two

D 3. Usually the authors of elementary and middle-level school health

textbook series
A. Are employees of hospitals and medical facilities.
B. Are college professors with little knowledge of the elementary
school child.
C. Work alone as single authors.
D. Are authored by teams of two to five or more individuals.

A 4. In selecting a health textbook, classroom teachers should

A. Be involved in the selection process.
B. Only be involved in the selection process if they have had a
major in health education in college.
C. Not be involved in the selection process
D. Not be permitted to preview the books prior to the
administration making the decision.

94
D 5. Most readability formulas use which of the following to determine
reading level?
A. Sentence length and use of pictures
B. Vocabulary and printing of the material
C Printing and use of pictures
D. Sentence length and vocabulary

D 6. The examination of textbooks published by different publishing

companies for the same grade level is
A. Vertical comparison
B. Triangular comparison.
C. Circular comparison.
D. Horizontal comparison.

A 7. A review of elementary and middle-level health textbooks will reveal a

lack of coverage of which of the following topics?
A. Childbirth and human reproduction
B. Dental health and nutrition
C. Tobacco and infectious diseases
D. Nutrition and diseases

C 8. Health-related information
A. Is only found in health textbooks.
B. Is often to be found in math textbooks.
C. Is commonly found in science textbooks.
D. Is never presented in science textbooks.

D 9. Which of the following topics are usually not found in elementary and
middle-level science textbooks?
A. Systems of the body
B. Nutrition and eating patterns
C. Safety concepts
D. Health-related impact of environmental concerns

C 10. Most elementary and middle-level schools today

A. have very few computers for student use.
B. use computers only in science and math classes.
C. have computers, but they are not often used in the classroom
instruction.
D. use computers in health instruction.

95
B 11. The Internet is a
A. make of computer used in most schools.
B. global network of thousands of interconnected computer
networks.
C. designed primarily for use in high schools.
D. a presentation primarily of governmental documents and
information.

B 12. www.healthfinder.gov is a
A. web page developed by a non-governmental agency.
B. web page provided by the government.
C. web page providing access only to medical schools and
hospitals.
D. web page designed by three different institutions of higher
education.

A 13. So far, there

A. are many educational software packages available for use in
schools.
B. is very little educational software available for use in schools.
C. are few students of elementary and middle-level school age who
have had experience with computers.
D. are computer packages available for use in schools, but they are
very expensive.

C 14. Information that is presented in a logical and sequential format is

referred to as
A. drill and practice.
B. gaming.
C. tutorial.
D. simulation.

B 15. Drill and practice is used primarily for

A. help in strengthening decision-making skills.
B. reinforcement of material that has already been presented,
learned, and understood.
C. presenting new material to the slower learner.
D. presenting material in a logical and sequential format.

96
C 16. Simulation has been used primarily in the
A. presentation of material in a logical and sequential format.
B. lower elementary grades with students having trouble learning
to read.
C. helping students to develop and strengthen decision-
making skills.
D. reinforcement of material that has already been presented.

C 17. The most commonly used computer software used in the classroom
today is the
A. World-Wide Web.
B. PC.
C. CD-ROM.
D. DOS.

D 18. Most health education computer software developed to date has been
designed for use with
A. middle-level children.
B. elementary and middle-level children.
C. preschool and kindergarten children.
D. adolescents and adults.

C 19. The most widely available software programs on health-related topics

are
A. on physical fitness.
B. on the topics of drugs, alcohol, and tobacco.
C. health risk appraisals.
D. on the topic of nutrition and diet.

C 20. The Body Awareness Resource Network (BARN) software program is

designed for use with
A. preschool age children.
B. elementary school-aged children.
C. adolescents.
D. college age students.

D 21. Wellness pursuit is principally a

A. an instructional television program.
B. simulation software program.
C. drill and practice software program.
D. gaming activity software program.

97
A 22. The Keeping Safe computer instructional program was designed over
concern about
A. child abuse.
B. teen pregnancy.
C. bicycle safety.
D. water safety and drowning.

B 23. Health Watch has been designed for use with students in grades
A. K through 3.
B. 3 through 5.
C. 6 through 8..
D. 5 through 10.

C 24. Heart Medley has been developed by the

A. Office of Health and Human Services.
B. Minnesota State Health Department.
C. American Heart Association.
D. American Association of Cardiology.

A 25. The effect of computer-based education on health behavioral patterns

A. is unclear to date.
B. has been shown to be most effective among primary school
children.
C. has been shown to be particularly affective among female
students.
D. has the least affect among minority students.

A 26. All About You is an instructional television series designed for use in
grades
A. 1 through 3.
B. 4 through 6.
C. 5 through 8.
D. 7 and 8.

C 27. The Slim Goodbody series is a

A. computer software program.
B. tutorial for use in health classes.
C. instructional television series.
D. supplemental textbook for use with health books.

True/False

False 1. Research indicates that textbooks are of little value in the learning
process of the elementary and middle-level student.
98
True 2. Textbooks in health education provide a source of reliable and accurate
information.

True 3. Current health education textbooks for use in the elementary and
middle-level grades are designed to encourage individual responsibility
for health.

False 4. Most elementary health textbooks are rather unattractive.

True 5. Illustrations used in health textbooks should improve comprehension of

the written content.

True 6. A health textbook should be selected for its ability to support the health
curriculum developed at the local school district level.

True 7. Most health education textbook series have a number of pedagogical

aids to support the learning process.

False 8. A health textbook should be the sole determiner of a health curriculum.

True 9. Vertical comparison is the examination of books published by the same

company at the grade level above and below which an individual will
be using the book.

False 10. Elementary health textbooks provide adequate information about

currently used drugs of choice with which children will be familiar.

False 11. Elementary and middle-level health textbooks are usually authored by
one single author.

True 12. Teachers who will use the books in their classes should be involved in
the textbook selection process.

True 13. Basic anatomy and physiology of the body is commonly found in
science textbooks.

False 14. Information about the reproductive system is usually found in early
elementary health and science textbooks.

False 15. The subject of death and dying is commonly found in elementary and
middle-level grade health textbooks.

True 16. The use of computers will increase in classroom use in the future.

True 17. The term software describes sets of instructions to a computer.

99
False 18. Computer programs are designed to replace the classroom teaching
process.

True 19. The Internet is a global network of interconnected computer networks.

True 20. Access to information available on the Internet is provided by the

World Wide Web.

False 21. There are less than 500 health-related Web sites at present.

True 22. Information that is presented on the computer in a logical and

sequential format is referred to as a tutorial.

False 23. Simulation has been found to be helpful in presenting material for the
first time.

True 24. The most widely available software programs on health-related topics
are health-risk appraisals.

True 25. Compact disk read-only memory is the most commonly used software
in the classroom.

False 26. CD-ROM is an Internet program designed for use in school health
programs.

False 27. Most currently developed CD-ROM material has been developed for
use in preschool and primary school years.

True 28. The Body Awareness Resource Network (BARN) software program
includes material about alcohol, drugs, and smoking.

False 29. The Food for Thought computer software program has been designed
primarily for use with elementary school-age children.

True 30. Dental hygiene information is part of the Health Watch software
program.

False 31. A visitor from outer space, Starga, is part of a computer program
developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

True 32. Instructional television is principally broadcast over public educational

television stations.

False 33. Instructional television is recommended as a replacement for

classroom taught learning.

100
True 34. In using instructional television drama is used to deal with such topics
as death and loneliness.

True 35. The Slim Goodbody series includes a program about HIV/AIDS.

Short Answer

1. What are some of the benefits that are experienced when using health textbooks in the
classroom setting?

2. What are some of the negative features of textbooks?

3. What are some of the pedagogical aids found in health textbooks for elementary and
middle-level students?

4. What kinds of materials are provided by the publishing companies to assist the teachers using
the textbooks?

5. What is meant by vertical comparison?

6. Explain the importance of horizontal comparisons in the textbook selection process.

7. What are some of the topics that are considered to be controversial in health textbooks?

8. What are health-related topics that can be found in other subject textbooks?

9. What is the Internet?

10. Explain what a Web page is?

11. Why must a classroom teacher be able to evaluate health-related information found on the
Internet?

12. What are some of the advantages of computer assisted instruction?

13. What are the various formats of computer assisted instruction?

14. What is CD-ROM?

15. Why is CD-ROM particularly useful in classroom teaching?

16. What are several software packages that are designed for use with fifth and sixth grade
students?

101
17. How effective has computer based education been on impacting health behaviors?

18. What is instructional television as compared with commercial television?

Essay

1. Discuss some of the procedures that usually occur in a textbook selection process at the local
school level.

2. What are some of the features that an elementary and/or middle-level school teacher must be
aware of in selecting a health textbook?

3. Discuss the issue of controversial issues and their placement in health textbooks.

4. What topics can be found in various subject textbooks in the elementary and middle-level
school that relate to health?

5. Identify and locate a Web page with information useful to health teaching in the elementary
and/or middle-level school.

6. Explain what is meant by computer assisted instruction.

7. Discuss the most advantageous uses of tutorials, drill and practice, simulation, and gaming.

8. Identify and explain how you might use some of the health software programs that are now
available for use with elementary and middle-level school children.

9. Identify some of the concepts and topics that are included in instructional television
programming that can be used in health instruction.

10. What are some instructional needs that instructional television can help to meet?

102
103
 CHAPTER 5
Managing Health Education in the Busy Classroom
Environment

Multiple Choice

D 1. At what grade level are health education content specialists most likely
to be found teaching health?
A. pre-school
B. primary grades
C. grades 4-6
D. middle grades

A 2. A curriculum model which organizes learning activities into strictly

focused and discrete subjects is
A. direct instruction.
B. incidental instruction.
C. cooperative learning.
D. individualized instruction.

A 3. Direct instruction in the classroom encourages and reinforces the value

of
A. competition.
B. individualization.
C. audio-visual teaching techniques.
D. self-monitoring instruction.

D 4. Traditional or competitive teaching learning is used about how often in

elementary and middle-level classrooms?
A. 10-25% of the time
B. 25-33% of the time
C. about half of the time
D. 90% of the time

C 5. Cooperative learning is used in about what percent of classrooms?

A. 33%
B. 15%
C. 7%
D. 5%

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D 6. Which of the following is not a benefit of cooperative learning as
determined from research?
A. increased retention and achievement
B. improved attitudes toward learning
C. increased time-on-task
D. decreased motivation

B 7. In cooperative learning the students are responsible for

A. the success of their group mates only.
B. the success of both their classmates as well as themselves.
C. only their personal success.
D. the success of the teacher.

A 8. An activity where students take turns sharing information with their

teammates is
A. roundrobin.
B. team word webbing.
C. pairs check.
D. comers.

D 9. An activity where group members respond simultaneously on a large

sheet of paper to identify main concepts is
A. corners.
B. roundrobin.
C. roundtable.
D. team word webbing.

D 10. While working at a learning center students should be

A. passive learners.
B. required to sign in and check out any material they will be
using.
C. encouraged to work with the teachers aid.
D. encouraged to work at their own pace.

A 11. Well-designed learning centers should

A. help to encourage students to work independently.
B. be the basis for direct teaching of the curriculum
C. be located near the principals office.
D. principally be used for teaching reading and language arts.

105
D 12. The time that is recommended for the health fair is
A. ten hours.
B. five hours.
C. two to four hours.
D. one to two hours.

A 13. Health fair tokens

A. are intended to remind the participants of the activities in which
they participated while at the fair.
B. should never be hand made.
C. must cost at least two dollars in order to be of value to the
children.
D. should never be obtained from community health agencies.

B 14. Setting aside time to schedule health in the elementary school

curriculum is
A. isolated instruction.
B. direct instruction.
C. correlated instruction.
D. incidental instruction.

A 15. Taking advantage of a teachable moment to present health concepts in

the elementary and middle-level school curriculum is
A. incidental instruction.
B. correlated instruction.
C. isolated instruction.
D. direct instruction.

B 16. Including health concepts as part of the science class is

A. incidental instruction.
B. correlated instruction.
C. isolated instruction.
D. direct instruction.

B 17. Health is most commonly correlated with which subject in the

elementary and/or middle-level curriculum?
A. math
B. science
C. language arts
D. social studies

106
C 18. Health instruction in the schools has
A. been considered to be part of the "basics" of the curriculum.
B. been shown by research to usurp parents rights in teaching
various concepts.
C. been a subject of controversy in many school systems.
D. rarely been opposed by parents of school children.

B 19. Which of the following topics included in the health instructional

curriculum are most commonly opposed and controversial?
A. sex education, safety, nutrition
B. death education, sex education, skill development
C. driver education, bicycle safety, nutrition
D. death education, water safety, oral hygiene

D 20. Which of the following is not identified as contributing to improved

academic performance?
A. organizing childrens use of time
B. reading to children
C. discussing school matters with children
D. insisting that children do their homework without
parental assistance

True/False

True 1. An academic discipline has been defined as a specific body of teachable

knowledge with its own background of education, training, methods,
and areas of focus.

False 2. In the traditional or competitive model of teaching classmates are

encouraged to seek assistance from their peers.

True 3. The traditional or competitive model of teaching basically centers

around the role and importance of the teacher.

True 4. Direct instruction is a curriculum model that organizes learning

activities into content areas.

True 5. Direct instruction is the most common scheduling model used in

American schools.

True 6. A problem with direct instructional approach to curriculum organization

is fragmentation of concepts.

107
True 7. Direct instructional curriculum model is based on a philosophy that
reinforces the value of competition.

False 8. Cooperative learning is used about ten ties more often than the
traditional/competitive teaching-learning model.

False 9. Cooperative learning is widely used in health education in elementary

schools.

False 10. Basically cooperative learning is arranging clusters of students into

discussion groups.

True 11. In using cooperative learning students should be arranged into teams
with a range of abilities.

False 12. Cooperative learning teams should be arranged in rows with students
seated alphabetically.

True 13. An activity where groups of students work in pairs is pairs check.

True 14. Sitting students in close physical proximity reinforces positive

interdependence.

False 15. Cooperative learning teaching strategies have been of little value in
teaching nutritional concepts.

False 16. Roundtable requires that the students sit at a circular table.

True 17. Learning centers should be located in the individual classroom.

False 18. Well-designed learning centers helps students to work independently.

False 19. Learning centers has little value in helping students to apply higher-
order thinking skills.

False 20. The health fair should be considered as the foundation of direct
instruction in the elementary and middle-level health curriculum.

True 21. Health fairs can provide memorable learning experiences.

True 22. Health fairs provide a good activity for cooperative learning groups.

108
True 23. Tokens are given to remind the participants of the activities in which
they participated at the health fair.

False 24. Health education should not be taught as a separate discipline in the
school curriculum.

True 25. Health concepts are often presented in correlation with other academic
subjects in the elementary and middle-level school.

True 26. Books used in health classes should be developmentally appropriate.

False 27. Health has been considered to be a "basic" in the educational

curriculum.

False 28. Death education has not been controversial in most school districts.

False 29. Parents should not be encouraged to examine curriculum materials

being used in the health curriculum.

False 30. School districts that have established school health advisory
committees are more likely to have problems relating to controversy
over the health curriculum.

True 31. Teachers should never teach controversial material unless it has been
approved by the local school board.

False 32. Material that is controversial should not be taught until approved by
the local ministerial association.

False 33. Teachers should not attempt to answer controversial questions asked
by their students.

False 34. The National PTA has published a statement of opposition to the
school health program.

True 35. The home is an important role in shaping health behaviors.

True 36. Research has shown that children with a sense of connection with their
school tend to participate in fewer health risk behaviors.

True 37. Academic outcomes are improved when parents know where their
children are and with whom they are spending their time.

109
False 38. Parents should not check and ask questions about homework of their
children.

True 39. Reading to children improves academic achievement.

True 40. Parental involvement with their children has a positive effect on health
behaviors of their children.

Short Answer

1. What are several advantages of the direct instruction scheduling model of curriculum?

2. What are limitations of the direct instructional approach to curriculum?

3. What is cooperative learning?

4. What are positive benefits for students participating in cooperative learning strategies as
identified from research?

5. In cooperative learning strategies what is positive interdependence?

6. What is the difference between roundrobin activity and team word webbing activity when
involved in cooperative learning?

7. How can learning centers enhance health instruction?

8. What is the health fair?

9. What are ways that health fairs can be used in the elementary and/or middle-level school
health curriculum?

10. What are several samples of tokens that can be used in a health fair?

11. What are several recommendations for teachers to organize a health fair?

12. How does direct health instruction differ from correlation of health instruction?

13. What are several advantages of including direct health instruction in the school curriculum?

14. What is meant by interdisciplinary instructional approaches?

15. What topics included in the school health program often result in controversy?

110
16. What measures can school administration take to be pro-active relating to controversy with
issues of the school health program?

17. What value is a school health advisory committee in coping with school health controversial
issues?

18. How can teachers effectively cope with controversial issues relating to the school health
program?

19. Identify some of the questions that children ask teachers.

20. What are the recommendations for improved student success as published by the Education
Commission of the States?

Essay

1. What are benefits for students of cooperative learning strategies as determined from research?

2. Discuss the common elements of cooperative learning.

3. Explain ways in which traditional learning models and cooperative learning differ.

4. What is the role that the teacher is to assume when using cooperative learning in teaching
health education?

5. Explain how a learning center needs to be organized to provide an effective teaching-learning

experience for the elementary and/or middle-level student.

6. What are the tasks that the teacher must assume in organizing a health fair as part of the
elementary and/or middle-level health curriculum?

7. Describe measures that should be taken to evaluate a health fair.

8. Explain various advantages and disadvantages of direct, correlated, and incidental health
instruction.

9. Explain how health concepts can be a part of the childs learning in reading childrens
literature in the elementary and/or middle-level school.

10. Discuss the foundation of controversy concerning school health education programs.

11. What are things that teachers confronted with student questions can do?

12. What is the relationship between parental engagement and academic achievement?
111
13. What are strategies that parents can take to improve academic outcomes for their children?

14. What are several procedures that teachers can take to build bridges to improve relationships
with parents?

15. Discuss what research indicates regarding home and parental relationships and academic
achievement and health behaviors.

112
113
 CHAPTER 6
Skills to Impact the Psychosocial Causes of Negative Health
Behavior

Multiple Choice

B 1. The Project Towards No Tobacco Use has been shown to

A. encourage the onset of tobacco use.
B. delay the onset of tobacco use.
C. be effective because it emphasizes knowledge acquisition.
D. be useful in delaying the onset of tobacco only after grade ten.

B 2. Who is responsible for helping to promote protective factors from high

risk negative health behaviors in children?
A. only the parents
B. the family, teachers, and community
C. the schools and church
D. the church because only they can impart values

B 3. What are two types of oral communication skills?

A. speaking and drawing
B. listening and speaking
C. directing and listening
D. misting and speaking

B 4. People who tend to comply with all or most demands without making
anyone mad at them tend to be
A. aggressive communicators.
B. passive communicators.
C. assertive communicators.
D. mal-developed communicators.

C 5. People who are concerned about their own feelings and the persons
feelings with whom they are talking tend to be
A. aggressive communicators.
B. passive communicators.
C. assertive communicators.
D. mal-developed communicators.

114
C 6. People who use a neutral, calm voice and clearly state their opinion or
disagreement tend to be
A. mal-developed communicators.
B. aggressive communicators.
C. assertive communicators.
D. passive communicators.

A 7. Peer resistance/refusal skills are important in

A. countering the initiation of substance abuse.
B. learning to practice good safety skills.
C. learning good communication skills.
D. eating good diets.

B 8. Children should be introduced to peer resistance skills in the classroom

beginning in about
A. first grade.
B. third grade.
C. seventh grade.
D. tenth grade.

D 9. Students can be taught that every choice is connected to

A. textbook presentations.
B. considerable pressure.
C. religious beliefs.
D. consequences.

C 10. The "Problem Box" activity is particularly useful in grades

A. preschool.
B. K-2
C. 3-5
D. 6-8

A 11. A goal is something within a persons

A. power to accomplish.
B. racial group to see.
C. physical health development.
D. hope to accomplish.

B 12. The social norm theory states that students believe that
A. the ends and the means meet somewhere.
B. everyone is doing it.
C. everyone should just say "no".
D. no one counts but me.

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True-False

False 1. School districts should wait until the student is in high school to address
health life-style issues.

False 2. The major emphasis in school health education today is the acquisition
of health knowledge.

True 3. The Life Skills Training Program has been shown to delay the onset of
tobacco use.

True 4. The Life Skills Training Program has a strong skills based component.

True 5. Personal and social skills should be integrated in all school subject
areas.

False 6. Communication is a skill that comes naturally to most people.

True 7. Oral communication is the use of words and language to send a

message.

True 8. Good communication skills help a person learn about oneself.

True 9. Good communication skills helps a person succeed in the classroom.

True 10. Listening is an important skill in oral communication.

False 11. People who are passive communicators generally have a positive self
concept.

False 12. Communication skills are an inherited skill and cannot be learned.

True 13. Teachers should model good listening skills.

False 14. Role playing is not effective in teaching upper-elementary school age
children communication skills.

True 15. Students need time to practice effective peer resistance skills.

False 16. Students in grades 1-2 should be presented peer resistance activities.

True 17. Children can learn that every choice is connected to consequences.

116
True 18. Parents and teachers should hold children accountable for their
decisions.

False 19. Primary age school children should be taught formal decision making
models.

False 20. Young children are able to work on long-term goals.

False 21. Advocacy skill development is not appropriate for upper elementary
and middle-level school age children.

True 22. Advocacy skills in health education are related to teaching family and
friends positive health choices.

True 23. Children should be taught how to appropriately express their feelings.

False 24. Defusing conflict cannot be taught at the elementary and middle-level
school level.

True 25. Children can be taught to utilize resources that provide valid health
information.

Short Answer

1. What are reasons that skill development in the area of health education has become more
important than just content acquisition?

2. Identify personal and social skills that should be developed in elementary and middle-level
school age students.

3. Why is the development of good communication skills important as it relates to health

education?

4. Explain the differences between good and poor communication skills.

5. What are some activities that can be introduced at school to help teach children
communication skills?

6. How can children learn to develop effective skills to counter peer resistance?

7. Why is it important for children to learn the steps of decision making?

8. Why are goal setting skills important in enhancement of health?

117
9. What are advocacy skills?

10. What are specific skills that a child can develop to access information relating to health?

Essay

1. What are some of the personal and social skills that elementary school-age children should
develop?

2. Discuss the two main types of oral communication.

3. Explain the difference between passive, aggressive, and assertive communicators.

4. Identify several activities that can be incorporated into the school curriculum that will help to
teach decision making skills.

5. What are several ways to resist peer pressure?

6. How can children use advocacy skills relating to positive health behavior?

7. Explain activities that the classroom teacher might use in developing advocacy skills.

8. What are activities that can be conducted with students to help them improve their skills of
accessing?

118
119
 CHAPTER 7
Safety: Prevention of Unintentional Injury

Multiple Choice

C 1. The leading cause of unintentional injury death in the United States is

A. falls.
B. drowning.
C. motor vehicle collisions.
D. fires.

C 2. Among the elementary and middle-level school population motor

vehicles are responsible for more deaths than
A. among adults.
B. all other causes of death.
C. the next four causes of death combined.
D. the next eight causes of death.

C 3. In most states the BAC level for being considered intoxicated is

A. 0.05.
B. 0.08
C. 0.10
D. 0.15

A 4. Mothers Against Drunk Driving is a

A. volunteer agency.
B. governmental agency.
C. religious organization of the Catholic Church.
D. office of the state department of health.

B 5. The first nation that mandated wearing seat belts was

A. United States.
B. Australia.
C. Japan.
D. Germany.

D 6. The first state in the United States to pass a mandated seat belt use law
was
A. Florida.
B. California.
C. Michigan.
D. New York.

120
C 7. The United States Department of Transportation estimates that how
many lives are saved annually by the use of seat belts?
A. 1,000
B. 2,500
C. 4,000
D. 7,500

D 8. Which of the following is considered to be a passive restraint?

A. lap belt
B. seat and lap belt
C. seat belt
D. air bag

A 9. The National Safety Council estimates that how many lives are saved
annually by the use of airbags?
A. 700
B. 1,000
C. 2,000
D. 3,500

D 10. Airbags deploy at speeds up to how many miles per hour?

A. 50
B. 100
C. 150
D. 200

B 11. It is recommended that small sized adults should sit at least how far
from the airbag in a motor-vehicle?
A. six inches
B. ten inches
C. one foot
D. eighteen inches

C 12. Which state was the first to require that infants and small children be
placed in child restraints?
A. New York
B. Missouri
C. Tennessee
D. Texas

C 13. Drowning is the

A. major cause of unintentional death in the United States.
B. second leading cause of unintentional death in the U.S.
C. fourth leading cause of unintentional fatalities.
D. leading cause of death among elderly individuals.

121
D 14. What percentage of boat fatalities are associated with the use of
alcohol?
A. ten percent
B. twenty-five percent
C. one-third of all fatalities
D. half of all fatalities

C 15. Elementary and middle-level school age children should be taught

which of the following is appropriate to rescue another person in
water?
A. jump into the water to rescue the individual
B. call out instructions about how to swim to shore
C. do not jump into the water to rescue the individual
D. count to twenty-five before extending a towel or pole

B 16. For a fire to occur there must be what elements present?

A. oxygen, dioxin, and heat
B. oxygen, heat, and fuel
C. mercury, carbon dioxide, and heat
D. heat, coal, and carbon dioxide

C 17. A fire in which combustible materials such as wood, paper, and

clothing catch fire is a
A. class D fire.
B. class B fire.
C. class A fire.
D. class C fire.

A 18. Water should be used to extinguish

A. class A fires.
B. class B and Class C fires.
C. class A and Class C fires.
D. class C fires.

C 19. Electrical fires are

A. class A fires.
B. class B fires.
C. class C fires.
D. class D fires.

C 20. Most fatalities resulting from fires occur

A. in the garage.
B. in storage sheds.
C. in the home.
D. in motor vehicles.

122
A 21. The National Fire Protection Association recommends that home
smoke detectors be replaced how often?
A. after ten years
B. after fifteen years
C. after two years
D. every six months

B 22. Scalds occur when an individual comes into contact with

A. a flame.
B. liquids that are hot.
C. a hot piece of metal.
D. a candle.

C 23. Sparky, an adult Dalmatian dog, is used to teach about

A. seat belt safety.
B. bicycle safety.
C. fire prevention.
D. water safety.

C 24. Smokey Bear is used by the United States Forest Service to teach
about
A. seat belt safety.
B. bicycle safety.
C. fire prevention.
D. water safety.

D 25. The unit of measurement of the flow of electricity is

A. rems.
B. hertz.
C. volts.
D. amperes.

B 26. Current flowing through a wire is moved long by a force known as a

A. rem.
B. volt.
C. hertz.
D. ampere.

C 27. The rate at which an appliance uses electrical power is measured in

A. volts.
B. rems.
C. watts.
D. amperes.

123
D 28. In the normal wall outlet in a home how much current of electricity
can be carried?
A. 1,000 amperes
B. 100 amperes
C. 50 amperes
D. 15 amperes

C 29. The second leading cause of death from unintentional injuries is

A. drowning.
B. poisoning.
C. falls.
D. motor vehicle collisions.

B 30. Which population is at greatest risk for fatalities from falls?

A. adolescents and adults.
B. children and senior citizens
C. adult males and ten-age girls
D. senior citizens and teen males

D 31. Syrup of Ipecac is useful for

A. control of cardiovascular disease.
B. controlling weight.
C. as a preventive against disease.
D. getting an individual to vomit ingested toxic substances.

B 32. Federal law authorizes the National Poison Prevention Week be

designated in
A. January.
B. March.
C. May.
D. October.

D 33. Most poison control centers provide service

A. during the working hours.
B. daily but not on week-ends.
C. on weekends when physicians tend not to be in their offices.
D. twenty-four hours a day.

D 34. Most fatalities involving bicycle accidents result from injury to the
A. hands.
B. legs.
C. arms.
D. head.

124
D 35. Most hospital visits to emergency rooms for bicycle injuries are the
result of
A. broken legs.
B. broken arms.
C. scraped skin.
D. head injuries.

B 36. In order to ascertain the appropriate "fit" of a bicycle the rider should
be able to straddle the frame with
A. one foot on the ground.
B. both feet flat on the ground.
C. the head resting on the backstop.
D. the elbows straight.

B 37. Most bicycle helmet legislation is directed towards

A. adults.
B. young riders of elementary and middle-school age.
C. adolescents.
D. college-age adults.

C 38. A majority of pedestrian fatalities occur

A. on country roads.
B. on interstate highways.
C. in urban settings.
D. in and around mall parking facilities.

D 39. The courses, Bicycle Safety and Home Safety have been developed by
the
A. National Safety Council.
B. National Institute for Safety.
C. American Automobile Association.
D. American Red Cross.

C 40. The game, Buckle Up has been developed and distributed by the
A. National Safety Council.
B. American Automobile Association.
C. National Safety Belt Coalition.
D. American Red Cross.

A 41. It is estimated that how many children ride a school bus every day?
A. 22 million
B. 30 million
C. 50 million
D. 100 million

125
D 42. Each child riding in a school bus must be provided with a
A. foot rest.
B. seat belt.
C. air bag.
D. seat.

B 43. Strobe lights on school buses are particularly effective in

A. mountainous areas.
B. foggy conditions.
C. urban communities.
D. very bright, sunny conditions.

C 44. Children under the age of eleven should

A. always ride in the front seat where the driver can see the child.
B. ride in the back seat where the seat belt is not necessary.
C. ride in the back seat and always wear a seat belt.
D. ride facing the rear direction to protect against injury to the face
in case of an airbag deployment.

B 45. Who has been opposed to mandating airbags in new motor vehicles?
A. National Safety Council
B. automotive industry
C. American Academy of Pediatrics
D. U. S. Highway Transportation Association

True/False

True 1. The term unintentional injuries has become the accepted term among
professionals in the field of safety.

False 2. Safety prevention emphasis in the school curriculum is a new

development in the past decade.

True 3. The term accident suggests a situation over which one has no control.

False 4. In most elementary and middle-level schools a specific time period is

set aside for the study of safety.

True 5. Motor-vehicle collisions are the leading cause of unintentional death in

the United States.

True 6. Nearly half of all motor vehicle fatalities result from mechanical failure
of the vehicle.

126
True 7. In the past decade many states have increased the penalties for drunken
driving.

False 8. MADD is a governmental agency supporting substance abuse and

anti-smoking programs.

True 9. The blood alcohol level for being declared intoxicated in most states is
0.10 percent.

True 10. The use of seat belts helps to reduce fatalities.

False 11. Research indicates that following the passage of new seat belt laws,
there is usually a reduction in their use the first three months.

False 12. All but ten of the states now require that pre-school children be placed
in child restraints.

True 13. Child restrains for infants are designed to face the rear of the car.

False 14. The automotive industry has worked very hard to encourage
legislation mandating airbags in all motor vehicles.

True 15. Airbags present a danger to children and small adults.

True 16. Airbags deploy at speeds up to 200 miles an hour.

True 17. Small adults should sit at least ten inches from the airbag in a motor
vehicle.

False 18. The American Academy of Pediatrics has been opposed to the use of
child restraint seats in motor vehicles.

False 19. The Otto Club is an educational program found on the web site of the
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

False 20. Most school districts now provide swimming instruction in the
elementary school curriculum.

True 21. Home pools should be enclosed with a fence.

True 22. Children should be taught how to enter and leave a boat.

False 23. A majority of drownings that occur to children under five years of age
take place in community-owned and operated pools.

127
True 24. Alcohol consumption is a leading cause of drowning.

False 25. Children should be taught to jump into the water to rescue a drowning
individual.

False 26. A television set fire is a Class D fire.

True 27. Home smoke detectors should be placed at the top of stairs.

True 28. The chemical process that results in a fire is known as combustion.

False 29. A fire involving paint or gasoline is a Class C fire.

True 30. Home ownership of smoke detectors has increased in the past decade.

True 31. Every family should develop a home fire escape plan.

False 32. When trapped in a smoke filled room it is important to stand up in

order to reach as much oxygen as possible.

False 33. Should ones clothing catch on fire it is important to run as fast as
possible to help extinguish the flames.

False 34. Sparky, an adult Dalmatian dog, is used in educational programs

designed to prevent poisoning.

False 35. Electricity cannot be conducted by the human body.

True 36. Passage of current through ones body may lead to cardiac arrest.

True 37. Water is a good conductor of electrical current.

True 38. Bone fractures are a common result of a fall.

False 39. Falls are not a major cause of death.

True 40. Federal law mandates that medicines be packaged in child-proof

containers.

False 41. Ipecac can be purchased at most hardware stores.

True 42. Proper labeling of medicines is important in protecting against

accidental poisoning.

128
False 43. The month of June has been designated National Poison Prevention
Week.

True 44. Children are at risk for vendor-related accidents.

True 45. State law requires that motor vehicles must stop whenever a school
bus comes to a stop.

False 46. Most school age children wear helmets when riding a bicycle.

True 47. The American Automobile Association has developed an elementary

school traffic safety program.

False 48. By law children must wear a seat belt while riding in a school bus.

False 49. The incidence of injuries to children involved with school bus
accidents has decreased in the past decade.

True 50. Children must be provided with a seat on all school buses.

Short Answer

1. What is meant by the concept of unintentional injury?

2. Present data that show the extent of problems associated with

drunken driving.

3. What is meant by the BAC level?

4. What ideas are stressed by opponents of seat belt laws?

5. What is meant by passive restraints?

6. What is the national health promotion objective for the nation regarding child restraint seats?

7. What are several types of child safety seats?

8. What is Safety City?

9. What is the national health promotion objective for the nation regarding drowning?

10. Why is it important for boat safety to be included in elementary school safety instruction?

129
11. What are teaching activities that the classroom teacher an include on the subject of water
safety?

12. What is a home fire escape plan?

13. What measures should one take when having to escape from a burning building?

14. What is meant by Stop-Drop-and-Roll?

15. What are the features of the four different classes of fire?

16. Where should smoke detectors be situated in the home?

17. What is a scald?

18. Why are the use of electrical appliances particularly dangerous in bathrooms?

19. What are poison control centers?

20. What is Syrup of Ipecac?

21. What are several teaching activities that the classroom teacher can present on the subject of
bicycle safety?

22. What measures should be taken to assure that a bicycle properly "fits" the rider?

23. What measures can be taken to reduce the incidences of pedestrian injuries?

24. What are vendor-related accidents?

25. What are three curriculum packages developed to focus on safety for use in elementary
and/or middle-level school classes?

Essay

1. What is the significance of using the concept of "unintentional injury" rather than to focus on
"accident"?

2. Discuss the importance of attitude formation and behavior relating to safety practices among
young children.

3. Discuss issues concerning dangers of airbags to children and small adults.

4. Discuss the issue of states setting BAC levels for being able to drive a motor vehicle.
130
5. Discuss some of the opposition that has been raised against federal mandates for the use of
passive restraints.

6. Present several arguments for mandating seat belt usage.

7. Evaluate educational material found on the Internet by the National Highway Traffic Safety
administration and the Federal Highway Administration for teaching about motor-vehicle
safety.

8. Identify measures that can be taken to prevent drowning in home swimming pools.

9. Discuss several interventions that can be taken to reduce home fires.

10. In what ways can school fire drills be made to seem realistic?

11. Would you include specific instruction about prevention of falls to elementary and middle
level school children? Explain the reasons for your response.

12. What are several protective measures that can be taken around the home to protect against
unintentional poisoning?

13. Should children be required to pass an operators test to ride a bicycle or drive a boat? What
is the basis for your response?

14. Discuss mandating children to wear helmets when riding a bicycle.

15. How can elementary and middle-level schools improve safety education instruction?

16. Identify and discuss the roles played in safety prevention

131
 Chapter 8
Intentional Injury Prevention: Violence in Families, Schools,
and Communities

Multiple Choice

C
1. Approximately how many Americans are victims of violent injuries
annually?
A. 10,000
B. 100,000
C. 2.2 million
D. 25 million
D
2. Approximately how many children are victims of child abuse annually
in the United States?
A. 10,000
B. 100,000
C. 500,000
D. one million
D
3. Children exposed to violence in the home tend to exhibit all but which
of the following characteristics?
A. lack interest in academic activities
B. manifest persistent behavior problems
C. have higher truancy and drop-out rates
D. earn higher grades
B
4. Children exposed to abuse in the home tend to exhibit all but which of
the following characteristics?
A. delayed language development
B. have good concentration spans
C. express feelings of powerlessness
D. short attention spans

132
A 5. Healthy People 2000 established the goal of all but which of the
following?
A. reduce violence prevention programs
B. reduce weapon-related deaths
C. reduce homicides
D. reduce physical fighting among youth

B 6. The First Annual Report of School safety reported all but which of the
following?
A. homicides are rare on school property
B. schools are a dangerous place for children
C. presence of gangs in schools make students more vulnerable to
the risks of intentional injuries
D. most schools have some type of campus security measures

D 7. Which of the following school-related activity does not have low

potential for violence risk-reduction?
A. using scare tactics
B. segregating anti-social students into separate groups
C. develop instructional programs focusing only on knowledge
acquisition
D. practice skill development

A 8. Successful programs of violence risk-reduction include all but which of

the following?
A. use tutors who are not parents of children in the school
B. make home visits
C. use parents as volunteers
D. provide parent education activities

A 9. A national study showed that which of the following topics were most
likely to be taught in middle school relating to violence prevention?
A. effectively handle stress
B. practice skills for stress management
C. practice skills for non-violent conflict resolution
D. suicide prevention

D 10. Children in which grade level should first be exposed to factors

relating to cultural and racial uniqueness?
A. high school
B. middle school
C. upper elementary
D. early elementary

133
A 11. Presence of bruises, burns, and lacerations are most common
indications of
A. emotional abuse.
B. child neglect.
C. sexual abuse
D. physical abuse.

A 12. Which of the following is not an indication of physical abuse?

A. lack of proper hygiene and food
B. burns
C. skeletal and head injuries
D. burns

A 13. Research concludes that the average age for onset of sexual abuse is
A. six to eight years of age.
B. three years old.
C. the early teens.
D. shortly after the start of puberty.

C 14. The majority of sexual abuse is committed by a

A. religious leader.
B. school teacher.
C. family member.
D. person who is unemployed.

A 15. Continual degrading of children is an indication of

A. emotional abuse.
B. child neglect.
C. sexual abuse.
D. physical abuse.

C 16. The principal agency responding to child abuse in most communities is

the
A. local health department.
B. local school board.
C. child protective services agency.
D. county social welfare services agency.

134
 17. Teachers should define three different types of touches in a sexual
B abuse prevention program. These are
A. long, short, and medium.
B. safe, unsafe, and secret.
C. open, closed, and safe.
D. hard, soft, and open.

18. In a sexual abuse prevention program

D A. there should be no discussion of fault.
B. there should be no discussion of touches.
C. children should be encouraged to tell other children about their
problem.
D. children should be taught never to keep a touching
problem a secret

19. The "Danger Will Robinson Game" is recommended for use in grades
D A. pre-school.
B. K-2.
C. 3-5.
D. 6-8.

20. The "Feelings Faces" activity is recommended for use in grades

B A. pre-school.
B. K-2.
C. 3-5.
D. 6-8.

True/False
False
1. It is estimated that approximately 10,00 American children are victims
of child abuse annually.
True
2. Violence involves attempts to inflict physical harm on others.
False
3. Intentional injury risk reduction is considered a public health priority
only in the eastern states.
True
4. Students exposed to violence tend to earn lower grades.
True
5. Students exposed to violence in the home exhibit poor concentration
and short attention spans.
True

135
6. Abuse of
student
s can True
cause
childre
n to be 7. Children often view violence as an effective means of gaining respect
cautiou and solving conflict.
s and
withdr 8. The media has been shown to be a positive influence regarding being a
awn. risk factor relating to violence for school-age children.

True 9. According to a national governmental report schools are very dangerous

places.

False 10. According to a national governmental report homicides are common

on school property.

False 11. A majority of American schools have implemented some type of

campus security measures.

False 12. The presence of gangs in schools makes students more vulnerable to
the risks of intentional injuries.

True 13. Use of scare tactics have been shown to be effective in reducing
violence risk-reduction.

True 14. Instructional programs should focus exclusively on self-esteem

enhancement.

False 15. Knowledge acquisition has been shown to be most effective in

violence risk-reduction.

False 16. Successful school-violence risk reduction makes use of parents as

tutors and volunteers.

False
False True

False False

False
True 17. School violence risk reduction programs are most effective when
begun in middle-school.

136
18. Staff depictions of violence.
develo
pment 21. Children in grades K-2 should be taught critical thinking skills.
has
little 22. Physical abuse is one type of child neglect.
impact True
in
helping True
teacher
s to
manag True
e
disruptive False
student
s. True

19. Children False

can be
taught
that True
anger
is a
normal False
and
healthy
emotio False
n as
early as
grades False
K-2.

20. Children True

in
grades
6-8 can False
be
taught
skills True
to
evaluat True
e
media False

False

137
 26. The majority of perpetrators of sexual abuse are strangers to the child.
.
27. Social neglect is an example of child neglect.
23. Physical
abuse occurs 28. Because of the fear of false reporting states do not mandate that
more teachers report suspected cases of sexual abuse.
commonly
among 29. The principal agency responding to child abuse in most localities is the
younger Child Protective Services agency.
children.
30. Possible cases of sexual abuse should be reported to the Planned
24. Every state Parenthood Association local chapter.
has a law
mandating that 31. For most teachers reporting suspicions of abuse is a relatively easy
teachers report task.
suspected
cases of 32. Teachers should contact family members in cases of reported child
child abuse.
abuse.
33. Children should be taught that a touching problem is always an adults
25. Child fault.
neglect
is more 34. Children should be taught that a touching problem is always the
difficul childs fault.
t to
identif 35. Children should be taught about the concept of a problem.
y that
is 36. Unsafe touches are those that make a person feel uncomfortable.
physic
al 37. Correct anatomical terminology for body parts should not be used
abuse. when discussing sexual abuse with elementary school-age children.

38. Children should be taught that touching problems are best kept as
secrets.

Short Answer

1. What is the definition of violence?

2. In what ways does intentional injuries threaten academic success of

school-age children?

3. What are several risk factors associated with child and adolescent
138
 violence?

4. What are three school-based activities that have been shown to have
little potential for violence risk-reduction?

5. What are different forms that child abuse takes?

6. What are some of the indications of physical abuse that the classroom
teacher will likely notice?

7. How does emotional abuse differ from child neglect?

8. What is sexual abuse?

9. What role does the child protective services agency play in assisting
children who have been reported as being abused?

10. What role does the school play in early identification of children who
have been abused?

11. How can a teacher become aware of possible sex abuse situations
among students in his/her classroom?

12. What should the teacher teach regarding the concept of secrets in a
sexual abuse prevention program?

13. What should the teacher teach regarding the concept of fault in a sexual abuse prevention
program?

14. What are curriculum material that can be used in grades 3-5 in teaching about intentional
injury risk reduction?

Essay

1. Identify and discuss several of the health goals for the nation, Healthy People 2000, relating to
reducing youth violence.
2. Discuss several of the findings reported in the First Annual Report of School Safety published
by the U. S. department of Education and Justice.

3. Discuss several factors that have shown to have promise in intentional injury risk-reduction
programs.

4. Discuss the responsibilities of school personnel for reporting child abuse.

139
5. What measures can the classroom teacher take to teach sexual abuse prevention?

6. Identify behavioral warning signs that the teacher might observe to indicate a possible child
abuse situation.

7. What are five points that should be a part of sexual abuse prevention instruction curriculum
for elementary school-age children?

8. What measures can classroom teachers undertake to teach sexual abuse prevention?

9. Identify and discuss childrens literature that have an intentional injury risk reduction theme.

10. Identify and discuss an Internet website that related to intentional injury risk reduction.

140
 CHAPTER 9
Alcohol and Other Drugs

Multiple Choice

C 1. The highest rate of substance abuse among teenagers is found in

A. England.
B. Germany.
C. the United States.
D. Holland.

A 2. Substance abuse prevention programs have been unsuccessful because

they
A. do not focus on the causes for drug use and abuse.
B. focus upon alcohol and not tobacco use.
C. are politically inspired.
D. focus only upon learning the facts

A 3. Alcoholic drinks contain

A. ethyl alcohol.
B. isopropyl alcohol.
C. methyl alcohol.
D. mercury alcohol.

C 4. The average age at which young people take their first drink of alcohol
is between
A. 5 and 7 years of age.
B. 8 and 10 years of age.
C. 12 and 13 years of age.
D. 16 and 18 years of age.

C 5. The "gateway" drugs are

A. alcohol and over-the-counter prescriptions.
B. LSD and tobacco.
C. tobacco and alcohol.
D. cocaine and tobacco.

141
C 6. Most of the alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream in the
A. esophagus.
B. liver.
C. small intestines.
D. large intestines.

A 7. In the short term alcohol depresses which of the following functions

first?
A. judgment and reaction time
B. waling and balance
C. breathing and standing
D. vision and speech

A 8. The stronger the concentration of alcohol in the beverage the

A. faster the rate of absorption.
B. slower the rate of absorption.
C. less the affect on the brain.
D. better the chance of reducing ones body temperature.

B 9. What affect does alcohol have on the heart rate and blood pressure?
A. decrease
B. increase
C. no effect
D. effect unknown

D 10. What effect on the brain does alcohol have?

A. no effect
B. leveling effect
C. stimulant
D. depression

D 11. The liver can oxidize about how much alcohol per hour?
A. one ounce
B. one-quarter ounce
C. two ounces
D. one-half ounce

B 12. The more food in the stomach the

A. faster the absorption rate of the alcohol.
B. slower the absorption rate of the alcohol
C. hotter the absorption rate of the alcohol.
D. cooler the absorption rate of the alcohol.

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B 13. Alcohol provides
A. fatty calories.
B. empty calories.
C. non-fat calories.
D. complete, full calories.

C 14. Marijuana is a mixture of flowers and leaves of what plant?

A. cactus
B. the evergreen plant
C. the hemp plant
D. delectable honey plant.

A 15. Cocaine is an
A. addictive drug.
B. inhalant.
C. repressive drug.
D. type of marijuana.

B 16. What are some of the initial effects of the use of cocaine?
A. constricted pupils, elevated blood pressure, and increased heart
beat
B. dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, and increased
respiratory rate
C. depressed blood pressure, respiratory rate, and heart beat
D. elevated blood pressure, increased respiratory rate, and slower
heart beat

C 17. Crack cocaine is

A. mildly addictive.
B. not addictive.
C. extremely addictive.
D. the addictive nature is not known.

C 18. Household solvents include

A. cyclohexy nitrite.
B. hair spray and deodorant sprays.
C. paint thinners and glues.
D. spray paints and aerosol dispensers.

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C 19. Household gases include
A. cyclohexy nitrite.
B. paint thinners and gasoline.
C. spray paint and hair spray
D. office supply solvents and degreasers

B 20. Bone marrow damage can result from inhaling which of the following
solvents?
A. whipping cream
B. gasoline
C. paint sprays
D. cleaning fluids

D 21. It is estimated that how much beer is consumed as an annual average

consumption?
A. 20 gallons
B. 45 gallons
C. 75 gallons
D. 90 gallons

C 22. What liver disease is associated with alcohol consumption?

A. diabetes
B. asthma
C. cirrhosis
D. hepatitis

D 23. Which of the following is not a risk for adolescent drug abuse?
A. poor school performance
B. failing grades
C. boredom in school
D. interest in reading

C 24. Which students are likely to be at greater risk for drug abuse?
A. those who adhere to dominant values of society
B. those who have a religious affiliation
C. students with little commitment to school
D. students with positive relationships with parents

A 25. Which students are likely to be at greater risk for drug abuse?
A. those who rebel against authority
B. students with positive role models at school
C. those who have a positive religious affiliation
D. those who adhere to dominant values of society

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 D 26. What percent of alcoholics are children of alcoholics?
A. 5-10%
B. 25%
C. one-third
D. one out of every two

C 27. Children from what population group is more likely to become

involved in drug use at an early age?
A. young people who are actively involved in athletic endeavors
B. children recently arrived in the United States from another
country
C. Children living in poverty and poor living conditions
D. those living on farms in rural communities

C 28. The Life Skills Training curriculum is designed for use with what
grades?
A. pre-school
B. early elementary school grades
C. middle-level grades
D. secondary school

D 29. Evaluations done on the DARE program indicate

A. students exposed to the program tend to use alcohol more in
high school years.
B. girls benefit from the program more than boys.
C. minority students benefit from the program more than non
minorities.
D. inconsistent findings.

C 30. Project Alert has been designed for use with

A. pre-school children.
B. Hispanic children.
C. middle-level grade children.
D. Native American children.

True/False

False 1. On of the goals of the America 2000 calls for drug free schools in at
least fifty percent of the schools by the year 2000.

True 2. The highest rate of teenage substance abuse is found in the United
States.

False 3. Alcoholic drinks contain methyl alcohol.

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True 4. Isopropyl alcohol is rubbing alcohol.

True 5. Alcohol is considered to be a "gateway" drug.

True 6. Alcohol does not go to the liver.

True 7. The amount of alcohol in the blood is measured as the Blood Alcohol
Concentration.

True 8. The stronger the concentration of alcohol in the beverage the faster the
rate of absorption.

True 9. Heavier individuals can drink more alcohol than lighter persons and still
have the same BAC.

False 10. Most of the alcohol is absorbed into the bloodstream from the large
intestines.

False 11. The more food in the stomach the faster the absorption rate of alcohol.

True 12. Champagne is absorbed faster than beer.

True 13. Half of all motor-vehicle deaths annually are related to alcohol use.

False 14. The leading cause of death among alcoholics is hepatitis.

True 15. Alcohol constricts the arteries that supply the heart.

True 16. Alcohol provides empty calories and have no nutritional value.

True 17. Cirrhosis of the liver is associated with alcohol consumption.

True 18. The scientific name for marijuana is cannabis.

True 19. The active ingredient in marijuana is tetrahydrocannabinol.

False 20. Tobacco smoke contains more cancer-causing agents than marijuana
smoke.

False 21. Marijuana is not considered to be an addicting drug.

True 22. Cocaine is an addictive drug.

True 23. Cocaine stimulates the central nervous system.

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False 24. The effects of crack cocaine will usually not be felt for five to ten
minutes.

False 25. The high from smoking cocaine generally lasts longer than from
snorting cocaine.

True 26. Preparation of free base involves the use of volatile solvents.

False 27. The use of inhalants among upper-elementary students tends to be

decreasing.

True 28. Hearing loss can result from inhaling paint sprays and glues.

True 29. Bone marrow damage can result from inhaling gasoline.

False 30. The use of scare tactics in drug education programs has been shown to
be an effective teaching strategy.

True 31. The "Just Say No" campaign is not developmentally appropriate for
many middle-level school age students.

False 32. The use of the "one-shot approach" to substance abuse education has
been shown to be very effective.

True 33. Antisocial behavior and hyperactivity during the primary school years
have been shown to be a risk for adolescent drug use.

True 34. Students who have poor school performance are more likely to become
involved in substance abuse than those who succeed in school.

True 35. Students who are not committed to education are more likely to
engage in drug use.

False 36. Students who rebel against authority are at reduced risk for substance
abuse.

False 37. Students who have strong values based upon religious teaching are at
greater risk for drug use.

True 38. Children who begin to use tobacco and alcohol before age fifteen are
twice as likely to develop problems with drugs than children who wait
until they are older.

True 39. There is a high correlation between alcoholism in the family and use of
drugs among adolescents.

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True 40. Children are at increased risk for substance abuse when they move
from an elementary to a middle school.

False 41. Children who have parents who have low expectations for them have a
lessened chance of drug use.

False 42. Provision of drug free alternatives and activities for youth have shown
little impact on the increase in drug use.

False 43. The Life Skills Training program is designed for use in early
elementary school grades.

True 44. Project Northland is a curriculum that sets the norm that it is not cool
to drink.

True 45. The STAR program focuses primarily on the development of resistance
skills.

False 46. DARE is taught by local ministers and priests.

False 47. DARE has been shown to be very effective in reducing drug use
among elementary school age children.

True 48. In early elementary school the curriculum should emphasize that most
people do not use drugs.

False 49. In early elementary school encourage open and frank discussions of
concerns about drugs and drug use.

True 50. The National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information is a
governmental agency.

Short Answer

1. What does Goal 8 of the America 2000 agenda imply regarding the schools and substance
abuse?

2. What are the differences between ethyl alcohol, methyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol?

3. What are the "gateway" drugs?

4. What are several factors that influence absorption of alcohol into the bloodstream?

5. To what does Blood Alcohol Concentration refer?

148
6. What is a hangover?

7. What are some affects of alcohol on perception and motor skills?

8. How does alcohol affect ones emotions?

9. What is the impact upon nutrition of alcohol consumption?

10. What are some factors associated with dysfunctional families?

11. What is marijuana?

12. What is tetrahydrocannabinol?

13. What are some of the physical effects of smoking marijuana?

14. How does cocaine affect the body?

15. Why are inhalants popular among upper elementary and middle-level school-age children?

16. What are some of the immediate negative effects of inhalants?

17. What are some of the problems with using scare tactics in teaching drug prevention in the
schools?

18. What are some problems with the "just say no" initiative?

19. What are several predictors of adolescent drug use seen among children of the elementary
school age?

20. Explain the relationship between alcoholism and drug use among children and adolescents.

21. How do community laws and norms favor the increased likelihood of drug Use?

22. What are some alternative activities that the school could provide to counter the challenge of
drug use?

23. What are some actions that teachers can take to help students understand the problems
associated with the use of drugs?

24. What are several teaching strategies that can be implemented to teach about alcohol use and
abuse?

25. What is the DARE drug prevention program?

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Essay

1. In what ways does alcohol lead to cardiovascular disease?

2. Describe the concept of the "gateway" drugs.

3. Trace the development of drug use and abuse education initiatives in the schools during the
past two to three decades.

4. Discuss several risk factors for adolescent drug use that is noted in the behavior of elementary
school-age children.

5. Identify some of the factors of family that seem to be risk factors for substance abuse among
adolescents.

6. Discuss several reasons why children will experiment with the use of drugs.

7. Explain the effect of alcohol upon the human body.

8. What are several factors that influence the Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)?

9. Explain factors associated with alcoholism.

10. Explain specific characteristics of the three categories of inhalants.

11. Identify some of the strategies used in advertising to attract young people to use alcoholic
beverages.

12. Explain some of the physiological effects of stimulants on the human body.

13. What are some of the basic features of the various drug abuse curriculums available for use
in elementary and middle-level schools?

14. Discuss developmentally appropriate activities for teaching drug prevention in early
elementary/ upper elementary/ middle school.

15. Have the students read an age appropriate piece of childrens literature relating concepts
about alcohol and/or drug abuse and discuss.

150
 CHAPTER 10
Tobacco

Multiple Choice

B 1. Ninety percent of adult tobacco users begin before the age of

A. ten.
B. eighteen.
C. twenty-one.
D. twenty-five.

D 2. Young people begin to smoke because of

A. advertising.
B. easy access of tobacco products.
C. lack of policy enforcement.
D. all of the above.

B 3. The use of tobacco is what preventable cause of death in the United

States?
A. number six
B. number one
C. number ten
D. number three

B 4. Which of the following has been noted as a reason given by elementary

school-age children for starting to smoke?
A. to fit in with others and to improve muscle strength
B. to feel older and to have a good time
C. to enjoy the taste and to feel my age
D. to become a stronger athlete and a better student

C 5. Which of the following is not a conclusion of the Surgeon Generals

report on preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People?
A. tobacco use usually begins in early adolescence
B. individuals with lower self-image are most likely to begin using
tobacco
C. cocaine is usually used before one starts to use tobacco
D. Advertising appears to increase the risk of smoking among
young people

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D 6. What are the three principal methods of using tobacco?
A. chewing, smoking, and running
B. drinking, chewing, and snuff
C. absorbing, smoking, and chewing
D. chewing, smoking, and snuff

A 7. Smoking causes
A. bad breath.
B. strong breath.
C. sweet breath.
D. circular breath.

C 8. Chewing tobacco is made of

A. moist pedals of the tobacco plant.
B. dried flowers of the tobacco plant.
C. dried tobacco leaves.
D. moist tobacco roots.

C 9. Snuff is made from

A. finely cut tobacco roots.
B. finely cut tobacco petals.
C. finely cut tobacco leaves.
D. coarse cut tobacco roots.

C 10. What are the two different kinds of snuff?

A. hot and cold
B. dry and cold
C. moist and dry
D. hot and moist

A 11. Holding a small amount of moist snuff between the lip or cheek and
gum and sucking is referred to as
A. dipping.
B. driving.
C. circling.
D. cutting.

D 12. Nicotine is a
A. non-addictive substance.
B. semi-addictive substance.
C. linear-addictive substance.
D. addictive substance.

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D 13. Which of the following have been associated with the use of
smokeless tobacco?
A. oral cancer and cirrhosis
B. diabetes and receding gums
C. dental caries and hepatitis
D. oral cancer and receding gums

C 14. What is the most preventable cause of death and illness in the United
States?
A. jogging and aerobic exercise
B. colon cancer
C. cigarette smoking
D. neurological patches

A 15. The most popular way for adults to use tobacco is to smoke
A. cigarettes.
B. pipes.
C. cigars.
D. snuff.

B 16. Smoking among teenagers is

A. a problem only among females.
B. a problem among both female and male adolescents.
C. more a problem among white middle-class students.
D. not as great a problem as it was a decade ago.

C 17. The addictive part of tobacco is

A. dioxin.
B. dentin.
C. nicotine.
D. tar.

C 18. After smoking just one cigarette blood pressure

A. decreases.
B. remains steady.
C. increases.
D. is not stable.

C 19. When individuals smoke their skin temperature

A. increases.
B. remains steady.
C. decreases.
D. is not stable.

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A 20. An irreversible disease in which the alveoli are destroyed is
A. emphysema.
B. asthma.
C. carcinoma.
D. bronchitis.

C 21. There has been increased incidents of which of the following from
exposure of sidestream smoke?
A. ear infections, colds, and impetigo
B. hepatitis, glaucoma, and dental caries
C. asthma, colds, and ear infections
D. HIV/AIDS, colds, dental caries

C 22. Passive cigarette smoke has been termed

A. toxic poisoning.
B. acid rain.
C. sidestream smoke.
D. global warming

C 23. Approximately how much is spent each year advertising cigarettes?

A. $100,000
B. $1 million
C. $6 billion
D. $100 million

A 24. Teaching that tobacco contains a drug called nicotine is appropriate to

be taught initially in grades
A. K-2.
B. 3-5.
C. 6-8.
D. none of the above.

C 25. The Life Skills Training Program is designed for students in what
grades?
A. K-2
B. 3-5
C. 6-7
D. secondary school

True/False

True 1. The use of tobacco is addictive.

154
False 2. According to the federal government cigarette smoking is the number
three leading cause of death in the United States.

False 3. Cigarette advertising tends to decrease young peoples use of tobacco.

True 4. Cigarette advertising targets young people.

True 5. Vigor and sexual attraction are qualities often emphasized in cigarette
advertising.

False 6. Sale of cigarettes in vending machines protects against sale to minors.

True 7. Fires are caused by persons who smoke is an appropriate concepts to be

introduced in early elementary grades.

False 8. It is appropriate to include instruction in early elementary grades that

people who use tobacco products are bad persons.

False 9. Children with more positive self-images are most likely to begin using
tobacco.

False 10. Tobacco use usually begins in late teen years.

True 11. Chewing tobacco is the least popular form of tobacco used by middle
school age children.

False 12. The percentage of tobacco users has decreased over the past three
decades.

True 13. Cigarette smokers are more likely to use other drugs.

True 14. The risk of getting lung cancer increases with the number of cigarettes
smoked per day.

False 15. Carbon monoxide has no relationship with cigarette smoking.

True 16. The risk of lung cancer decreases when a person decides to quit
smoking.

True 17. Increased amount of asthma has been associated with sidestream
smoke.

True 18. Heart and lung diseases can be affected when one is exposed to
sidestream smoke.

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True 19. Long-term exposure to tobacco smoke among nonsmokers reduces the
small airway function of the lungs.

True 20. Chewing tobacco is made from dried and shredded tobacco leaves.

True 21. Snuff is made from finely cut tobacco leaves.

False 22. Sugar is added to smokeless tobacco to prevent the development of

dental caries.

True 23. Leukoplakia is a precancerous lesion of the mouth.

False 24. Fires are not caused by smoking.

False 25. Sidestream smoke has little effect upon the health of elementary
school-age children.

Short Answer

1. What do statistics show as to the extend and impact of smoking in the United States during the
past decade?

2. What are three major reasons given as to why children and pre-adolescents begin to smoke?

3. How do young people get access to tobacco products?

4. What are the three principal methods of using smokeless tobacco?

5. What is the difference between chewing tobacco and snuff?

6. What are some of the common negative side effects of the use of smokeless tobacco?

7. What are problems associated with nicotine?

8. What is often the effect on the gums and teeth of smokeless tobacco use?

9. What are the three ways that people smoke tobacco?

10. How is carbon monoxide associated with tobacco smoking?

11. What are some of the negative short-term consequences of using tobacco?

12. What is sidestream smoke?

156
13. What are some of the aesthetic problems associated with long-term use of cigarettes?

14. What are the "gateway" drugs?

15. What is emphysema?

16. What are some teaching strategies that the classroom teacher can use for teaching about
tobacco use in the elementary and/or middle-level school?

17. What is the Projects Towards No Tobacco Use program?

18. What is a Smoking Machine?

Essay

1. Discuss the differences between appropriate tobacco concepts to be taught between early and
upper elementary school years.

2. Identify and discuss appropriate tobacco concepts for middle-level school curriculum.

3. What are several conclusions in the Surgeon Generals report on Preventing Tobacco Use
Among Young People?

4. Why is it important to try to prevent elementary age children from using tobacco products?

5. Explain what happens physiologically when tobacco is burned or smoked.

6. Explain in what ways sidestream smoke affects children.

7. Explain the relationship between fire and smoking.

8. Explain the relationship between lung cancer and smoking.

8. Discuss the seven recommendations for school health programs to prevent tobacco use and
addiction as published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

9. Discuss measures that are taken to advertise tobacco products that are particularly attractive to
young people.

10. What are several activities that can be used to teach young people the knowledge, skills, and
attitudes to deter them from using tobacco products.

11. Identify several guidelines for teachers to follow when teaching tobacco prevention.

157
12. Discuss two middle-level tobacco prevention programs that CDC has concluded are effective
for reducing tobacco use.

158
 CHAPTER 11
Nutrition Education

Multiple Choice

C 1. Research indicates that what percent of children are obese?

A. less than ten percent
B. less than five percent
C. as many as 10 to 30 percent
D. about half (fifty percent)

C 2. The average child spends how much time a week watching television?
A. five hours
B. ten hours
C. twenty-four hours
D. fifty hours

A 3. Guidelines for School Health Programs to Promote Lifelong Healthy

Eating has been published by the
A. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
B. New York Department of Public Health.
C. National Institutes of Health.
D. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

C 4. In most elementary schools instruction about nutrition is the

responsibility of the
A. physical education teacher.
B. school nurse.
C. classroom teacher.
D. school psychologist.

B 5. Nutrition education instructional activities for early elementary students

should concentrate on
A. abstract concepts.
B. concrete ideas.
C. subjective concepts.
D. none of the above.

B 6. Nutrients do all but which of the following?

A. provides energy
B. helps with raising body temperature
C. helps maintain body tissue
D. helps with proper growth

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D 7. The Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) are established by the
A. National Institutes of Health.
B. Food and Drug Administration.
C. Department of Agriculture.
D. Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research Council.

A 8. The macronutrients are

A. carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
B. fats, water, and minerals.
C. vitamins, fats, and minerals.
D. minerals, water, and carbohydrates.

D 9. Carbohydrates include all but which of the following?

A. double sugars
B. complex carbohydrates
C. simple sugars
D. saturated fats

B 10. The micronutrients are

A. vitamins, fats, and water.
B. minerals, water, and vitamins.
C. water, carbohydrates, and protein.
D. fats, minerals, and protein.

A 11. Foods that contain simple sugars are

A. honey, milk, and ripe fruit.
B. cakes, milks, and ice cream.
C. cookies, honey, and ripe fruit.
D. ice cream, honey, and cakes.

B 12. Foods that contain double sugars are

A. honey, milk, and ripe fruit.
B. cereals, cookies, and milk.
C. ripe fruit, cereals, and cakes.
D. honey, ice cream, and milk.

D 13. The three groups of double sugars include all but which of the
following?
A. lactose
B. maltose
C. sucrose
D. prutose

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D 14. Which contain the most calories per grain?
A. proteins
B. carbohydrates
C. water
D. fats

B 15. Saturated fats are found primarily in such foods as

A. peanut oil, peanut butter, and cheese.
B. cream, cheese, and poultry.
C. salad dressings, peanut oil, and poultry.
D. sunflower, corn, and cheese.

D 16. Polyunsaturated fats are found primarily in such foods as

A. sunflower, cheese, and cream.
B. cream, corn, and peas.
C. fish, poultry, and cheese.
D. fish, sunflower, and corn.

C 17. The recommended amount of fats that adults should eat in their daily
diet is
A. fifty percent.
B. forty percent.
C. less than thirty percent.
D. no more than ten percent.

D 18. There is a strong association between high blood cholesterol levels and
A. asthma.
B. arthritis.
C. cirrhosis.
D. heart disease.

A 19. A buildup of cholesterol in the arterial walls is known as

A. plaque.
B. pageant.
C. sclerosis.
D. sinus.

B 20. Which type of cholesterol is considered to be "bad" and needs to be

controlled?
A. HHS
B. LDL
C. HDL
D. CDC

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C 21. A stroke is a disruption of the flow of blood to the
A. lower extremities.
B. stomach an pancreas.
C. head and brain.
D. upper extremities.

C 22. The main function of proteins is to

A. over ride the LDLS.
B. supply protection against HDLs.
C. aid in the growth and repair of body tissue.
D. carry oxygen to the lungs.

C 23. In the body proteins are broken into

A. diastolic acid.
B. carbolic acid.
C. amino acids.
D. citric acids.

B 24. Complete protein foods include

A. eggs, beef, and peanuts.
B. eggs, fish, and poultry.
C. peanuts, cheese, and cereals.
D. cereals, fruit, and fish.

B 25. Which are water-soluble vitamins?

A. vitamin A
B. vitamin C
C. vitamin K
D. vitamin D

B 26. Which of the following are considered to be trace elements?

A. calcium and sulfur
B. iron and iodine
C. potassium and sulfur
D. potassium and chlorine

A 27. Which of the following are considered to be macrominerals?

A. calcium and sodium
B. iron and manganese
C. copper and cobalt
D. zinc and iodine

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C 28. How many milligrams per day do people need of trace elements
minerals?
A. more than 100
B. less than ten
C. less than one hundred
D. more than 200

D 29. What percent of the total body weight of humans is constituted by

water?
A. ten
B. twenty-five
C. thirty-three
D. sixty

A 30. Which of the following contains h highest percent of water?

A. milk
B. meat
C. bread
D. fruit

B 31. How many daily servings should a person have from the fruit group?
A. 2-3 servings
B. 2-4 servings
C. 3-5 servings
D. 6-11 servings

D 32. How many daily servings should a person have from the bread, cereal,
rice, and pasta food group?
A. 2-3 servings
B. 2-4 servings
C. 3-5 servings
D. 6-11 servings

C 33. How many daily servings should a person have from the vegetable
group?
A. 2-3 servings
B. 2-4 servings
C. 3-5 servings
D. 6-11 servings

D 34. The Food Guide Pyramid has been prepared and distributed by the
A. Department of Food and Drug Administration.
B. National Institutes of Health.
C. Centers for Health and Disease Control.
D. Department of Agriculture.

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C 35. Which nutrient helps to protect against the development of
osteoporosis?
A. zinc
B. lead
C. calcium
D. sodium

D 36. Which of the following is not one of the Dietary Guidelines for
Americans?
A. maintain a healthy weight
B. choose a diet low in cholesterol
C. choose a diet with many grain products
D. use a large amount of sugars

B 37. In order to detect eating disorders elementary students should

consistently be
A. tested for osteoporosis.
B. measured for height and weight.
C. tested for vision and hearing.
D. observed for scoliosis.

D 38. Children between the ages of 10 and 13 get almost one-third of their
sodium from
A. breakfast.
B. parties.
C. evening meal.
D. school lunches.

A 39. Research has shown that students who miss breakfast tend to
A. perform poorly on school tasks and suffer fatigue.
B. perform better on school tasks and to be more alert.
C. read better in the morning than in the afternoon.
D. be the better athletes in the class.

D 40. Which of the following is not provided by soft drinks?

A. calories
B. sugars
C. sodium
D. nutrients

B 41. The National Daily Council Nutrition Curriculum is designed for:

A. pre-schools only.
B. elementary and middle-level schools.
C. secondary schools.
D. colleges and universities.

164
B
42. The Snack Stars and Snack Treks program has been developed by the
A. National Institute for Health.
B. National Dairy Council.
C. Federal Department of Agriculture.
D. Department of Health and Human Services.
D
43. Chef Combo is a nutrition education program designed for grades
A. 6-8
B. 3-5
C. K-2
D. preschool(ages 4-5)
C
44. Heartpower! is a nutrition education program developed and
distributed by the
A. American Cancer Society.
B. Department of Agriculture.
C. American Heart Association.
D. National Association of Nutrition Education.

True/False

True
1. Lack of physical activity is a risk factor for obesity among children.
True
2. Childhood obesity has been associated with lowering of self-esteem and
depression.
False
3. In the elementary school it is most common for the school nurse to be
providing the instruction about good nutrition.
True
4. The best guide for designing diets of children are the RDAs.
True
5. Double sugars are changed into simple sugars.
True
6. Simple sugars are quickly changed into energy.
True 7. Complex carbohydrates contain more nutrients than simple sugars.

True 8. The complex carbohydrates include cereals and fruits.

False 9. There are four groups of simple sugars.

False 10. Carbohydrates should supply approximately 25 to 30 percent of the

calories in a childs daily diet.

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True 11. Fats contain more calories per gram than proteins.

False 12. Polyunsaturated fats are found primarily in animal sources.

False 13. Polyunsaturated fats tend to increase the blood cholesterol levels.

False 14. Monounsaturated fats tend to decrease blood cholesterol levels.

False 15. High amounts of saturated fats have been linked with osteoporosis.

True 16. Cholesterol is a fatlike substance found in cells.

True 17. Cholesterol helps the body form hormones and cell membranes.

False
18. Most adults do not consume adequate amounts of cholesterol for
proper body functioning.
True
19. High blood pressure is caused by a buildup of cholesterol in the blood
vessels.
False
20. Cholesterol is found in all plant sources of food.
False
21. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is considered to be "good."
True
22. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol carries cholesterol away from
artery walls.
True
23. Proteins help build and repair tissue.
True
24. Vitamins are needed to transform foods into energy.
True
25. Vitamins are helpful in helping to resist infections.
False
26. Water-soluble vitamins can be stored and transported by the bodys fat
cells.
False
27. There are three different types of minerals.
False 28. Minerals are important in the provision of energy for human.

False 29. Trace elements are those minerals that people need more than 100
milligrams per day.

False 30. People can live longer without water than without food.

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True 31. Water is useful in helping digestion and absorption in the human body.

True 32. Humans should consume at least forty-eight ounces of water a day.

False 33. Water should be rationed for children in warm weather conditions.

True 34. The Food Guide Pyramid is a good starting point for nutrition
education for elementary students.

False 35. Whole milk is recommended for middle-level school age children.

False 36. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommends that children
consume three servings daily of vegetables.

False 37. Children need at least four servings daily from the meat group.

False 38. According to the recommendation of the Food Guide Pyramid milk
and cheese should be used sparingly.

False 39. Osteoporosis tends to affect middle-aged males more than any other
population group.

True 40. Adults should eat a variety of foods daily.

False 41. Increasing the intake of coconut and palm oil will help to control
cholesterol.

True 42. Cholesterol can be controlled by using liquid vegetable oils in

cooking.

False 43. Starch and fiber should be consumed on a weekly basis.

False 44. Research has shown a high correlation between sugar intake and
hyperactivity in children.

True 45. Soft drinks contribute calories to the diet.

True 46. Excessive amounts of soft drinks can contribute to obesity.

47. Students who do not eat breakfast are more likely to perform poorly on
school tasks.

48. The Chef Combo nutrition education program is designed for use
among children in grades 1 to 6.

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False 49. The Pyramid Explorations program is developed for use with pre-
school children.

False 50. The Fast Food Detective activity is best conducted using a teacher
lecture format.

Short Answer

1. Why is nutrition education important in the elementary and middle-level school years?

2. What are several factors that contribute to obesity among school age children?

3. What are the six major nutrients that are necessary for life among humans?

4. What are the three groups of carbohydrates?

5. What are the main functions of fats?

6. What is cholesterol?

7. What functions do proteins serve in the human body?

8. What functions do vitamins serve in the human body?

9. Identify several differences between trace element minerals and macrominerals.

10. What is sodium?

11. What are functions carried out in the human body b water?

12. What are the five food groups that comprise the Food Guide Pyramid?

13. What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

14. What do the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend regarding the use of alcoholic
beverages?

15. What is the relationship between calorie intake and outgo as it impacts weight?

16. How can the intake of fat be reduced?

17. What are the relationships between sodium intake and high blood pressure?

18. Are soft drinks a nutritional substance for school age children? Explain your answer.
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19. What is the Chef Combos Fantastic Adventures in Tasting and Nutrition program?

20. How can the school lunch program be used as an educational experience for elementary and
middle-level school children?

21. What is meant by being a fast food fat detective?

22. What is the HeartPower! program?

Essay

1. Compare nutrition concepts that are appropriate between grades K-2 and Grades 3-5.

2. Explain what are the recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).

3. Discuss the differences between the three types of fat.

4. What body functions does cholesterol provide?

5. Explain the differences between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein
(LDL).

6. Explain the differences between proteins and vitamins.

7. Explain the differences between trace elements and macro minerals.

8. Explain the factors associated with the U. S. Department of Agriculture Food Guide Pyramid.

9. Discuss the guidelines published in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.

10. Discuss why breakfast is an important meal for elementary and middle-level school age
children.

11. Explain why nutritional problems among children are often common in poverty.

12. What are some teaching strategies that are effective for use in elementary and/or middle-level
school nutrition classes?

13. Identify several Internet websites that provide useful information about nutrition to teachers.

14. Explain some ways to get parents involved in nutrition education.

169
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 CHAPTER 12
Physical Activity

Multiple Choice

D 1. Research has shown that regular physical activity among school-age

children have all but which of the following?
A. Improves muscular strength.
B. Reduces risks for cardiovascular disease.
C. Decreases overweight among the obese.
D. decreases bone mass density.

A 2. Participation in school based physical activity programs has been linked

with all but which of the following?
A. Decreased student attitudes toward school
B. Better scores on tests of math.
C. Reduced disruptive behaviors
D. Improved concentration

C 3. What amount of time is recommended for activity at school by research

experts?
A. one session a week for 60 minutes
B. three sessions a week for no more than fifteen minutes
C. three or more session a week that last at least minutes a session
D. six sessions a week for 30 minutes

A 4. Any body movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in

expenditure of energy is defined as
A. physical activity
B. exercise
C. recreation
D. physical fitness

B 5. The elements of physical fitness include all but which of the following?
A. flexibility
B. nutrition
C. cardiorespiratory endurance
D. muscular strength

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A 6. Children in grades K-2 should be exposed to
A. lifestyle activities.
B. discouraged from participation in aerobic activities.
C. highly competitive athletic activities.
D. activities that build muscular strength and endurance.

B 7. Children in grades 3-5 should be exposed to

A. organized athletic activities involving physical contact.
B. encouraged to participate in a range of aerobic
activities.
C. highly formal flexibility exercises.
D. activities that build muscular strength and endurance.

C 8. The majority of minutes of physical activity for students in grades 6-8

should be
A. spent learning the rules for team games.
B. the same for boys and girls.
C. lifestyle activities.
D. anaerobic activities.

A 9. The Physical Activity Pyramid is designed for use with

A. all grades K-8.
B. grades K-2.
C. grades 3-5.
D. grades 6-8.

A 10. The base of the Physical Activity Pyramid recommends participation

in
A. lifestyle activities.
B. flexibility exercises.
C. rest and inactivity.
D. active aerobics.

C 11. Level 2 of the Physical Activity Pyramid includes which of the

following categories?
A. lifestyle activities and active aerobics
B. active sports and recreational activities and flexibility exercises
C. active aerobics and active sports and recreational
activities
D. exercises for strength and muscular endurance

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D 12. Level 3 of the Physical Activity Pyramid includes which of the
following categories?
A. rest and inactivity and flexibility exercises
B. strength and muscular endurance exercises and rest and
inactivity
C. active aerobics and active sports and recreational activities
D. flexibility exercises and strength and muscular endurance
exercises

C 13. Level 4 of the Physical Activity Pyramid includes

A. flexibility exercises.
B. lifestyle activities.
C. rest and inactivity.
D. active aerobics.

B 14. Physical activity programs for young people are more likely to be
effective when they
A. emphasize team sports.
B. emphasize enjoyable participation.
C. are taught by coaches.
D. are conducted in the gymnasium.

C 15. Research has indicated that most elementary school children are
A. exposed to a daily planned period of fitness-related instruction.
B. permitted to participate in team sports beginning about grade 3.
C. not exposed to a daily planned period of fitness-related
instruction
D. exposed to a bi-weekly planned period of fitness
related instruction.

D 16. Recess
A. should be used as a substitute for planned physical education
class in elementary school.
B. has little value to elementary school-age children.
C. should only be available for children who have completed their
class work.
D. should not be used as a substitute for the planned physical
education class in elementary school.

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A 17. Classroom teachers who are expected to teach physical education
activities tend to
A. emphasize game type activities.
B. emphasize health-related fitness.
C. emphasize health promotion activities.
D. emphasize motor skill development.

C 18. Stop and Go is an activity recommended for use in grades

A. 6-8.
B. 3-5.
C. K-2.
D. all of the above.

C 19. Development of a Strength Collage is recommended for use in grades

A. 3-5.
B. K-2.
C. 6-8.
D. all of the above.

A 20. Simon Says is an effective game for use in grades

A. K-2.
B. 3-5.
C. 6-8.
D. all of the above.

True/False

False 1. The Surgeon Generals Report on Physical Activity and Health

(1996) indicated that regular participation in physical activity among
early elementary school-age children is of little value.

True 2. Research has indicated that participation in physical activity is

associated with improved academic success of students.

False 3. Research has indicated that participation in school-based physical

activity programs has been linked with better scores on math tests, but
not on writing and reading.

False 4. Participation in physical activity tends to increase through the

adolescent years.

False 5. Exercise is defined as a subset of physical fitness.

True 6. Muscular strength and endurance is an element of physical fitness.

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True 7. Young children tend to be more active than adults.

True 8. The attention span of children is shorter than that of adolescents and
adults.

False 9. Young children tend to be more abstract thinkers than are adults.

True 10. Skills used in adult leisure activities often are learned during the
school-age years.

True 11. Inactivity in childhood is very closely associated with inactivity in

adulthood.

True 12. Teachers should organize activities to reinforce feelings of self

efficacy about exercise participation.

False 13. Young people who have active parents tend to not be as active
physically as their counterparts.

False 14. The greatest portion of physical activities for children in grades K-2
should be team activities

False 15. Children in grades K-2 have a strong need to participate in formal
flexibility exercises.

True 16. Play should be encouraged in grades K-2.

True 17. Children in grades 3-5 should be encouraged to participate in a range

of aerobic activities.

False 18. Children in grades 3-5 have a need for formal flexibility exercises.

False 19. The school should reinforce long periods of inactivity in grades 3-5.

True 20. The Physical Activity Pyramid includes four levels.

False 21. The base of the Physical Activity Pyramid is active aerobics category.

True 22. The active aerobics category includes those activities that can be done
for long periods of time without stopping.

False 23. The rest and inactivity category of the Physical Activity Pyramid
includes four kinds of practices.

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False 24. Participation in water skiing is an activity in the lifestyle activities
level of the Physical Activity Pyramid

True 25. Research has shown that girls are less physically active than boys.

False 26. Research indicates that most elementary school children are exposed
to a daily planned period of fitness-related instruction and activity.

False 27. The recess period should be considered an adequate substitute for the
planned physical education class.

True 28. In elementary school, recess is an important school activity.

True 29. Classroom teachers tend to emphasize game type activities.

True 30. Fitness activities can enrich classroom practice by providing gross
motor reinforcement of academic concepts.

True 31. Physical activity can be promoted through the various elements of the
coordinated school health program.

False 32. Changing Speeds is a recommended activity for use in grades 3-5.

True 33. Students can be taught the correct technique for taking their carotid
pulse in grades 3-5.

True 34. Childrens literature can be an effective tool to use in physical fitness
instruction in the elementary and middle-level school.

False 35. There are no Internet web sites of value for use in teaching physical
activity in elementary schools.

Short Answer

1. What is the difference between physical activity and physical fitness?

2. How is exercise defined?

3. In curriculum planning what is the significance of the fact that children tend to be concrete
thinkers?

4. What are several types of physical activity that tend to be developmentally appropriate for
early elementary (K-2)/ upper elementary (3-5), or middle school (6-8) years?

176
5. What are elements that comprise cardiorespiratory endurance?

6. What is aerobic exercise?

7. What is body composition?

8. What are elements that comprise flexibility?

9. What is the Physical Activity Pyramid?

10. What are the three levels of the Physical Activity Pyramid?

11. What are key principles that suggest that physical activity programs for elementary school
children are effective?

12. What are several activities that can be used in grades K-2?

Essay

1. Discuss the association of physical activity with academic performance and achievement.

2. In what ways are physical patterns in adult years impacted during ones youth?

3. Explain the five types of physical activities that comprise the Physical Activity Pyramid.

4. Should physical fitness be taught in the elementary school by classroom teachers or physical
education specialists? Defend your answer.

5. What is the relationship of recess to physical education in the elementary and middle-level
school years?

6. Explain physical activities that can be correlated with mathematics instruction.

7. Evaluate information that is found on Internet web sites that relate to physical fitness.

8. What are several conditions that reinforce life-long physical activity?

9. Discuss several factors that parents can be encouraged to use in promoting physical activity in
children.

10. Develop an outline for classroom use in which a piece of childrens literature can be used in
support of physical activity in the elementary and/or middle-level school curriculum.

177
178
 CHAPTER 13
Sexuality Education

Multiple Choice

C 1. The term sexuality implies all but which of the following?

A. the ability to participate in warm and loving relationships
B. practicing responsible decision making regarding sexual health
C. actively linked with the act of intercourse
D. celebrating self-esteem and self-identity of individuals

A 2. People begin to form ideas about their bodies, their gender identity and
their feelings about sexuality at
A. a young age.
B. about the fifth grade.
C. the beginning of middle-school.
D. the start of second grade.

C 3. Each year approximately how many teenagers become pregnant?

A. 100,000
B. 500,000
C. 1 million
D. 2-4 million

C 4. In many schools information about puberty and the menstrual cycle is

presented during
A. kindergarten.
B. the primary school years.
C. fifth and/or sixth grade.
D. the ninth or tenth grade.

D 5. Research indicates that sexuality education

A. leads to increased sexual experience.
B. leads to earlier sexual experience.
C. results in sexual experimentation.
D. can be associated with delay of sexual intercourse.

C 6. School based sexuality education programs should

A. replace the role of the parents.
B. replace the role of the religious teacher about sex.
C. supplement the role of the parents.
D. not include parents in their planning.

179
B 7. Information about human sexuality should be presented to primary
children in
A. an abstract manner.
B. a concrete way.
C. a correctional manner.
D. an absolute manner.

C 8. Preparing students for changes that occur during puberty should be

included at
A. the pre-school age level.
B. the primary school level.
C. the middle-school age.
D. the beginning of high school.

A 9. At what age level are the opinions of parents most important to

children?
A. kindergarten
B. primary school
C. middle-school
D. high school

C 10. Today the extended family is

A. as common as it was in the mid-1900s.
B. of little importance.
C. not as common as it was in the mid-1900s.
D. Being destroyed by the public educational system.

D 11. A nuclear family consists of children living with

A. one of the natural parents.
B. parents who have received a high dose of nuclear radiation.
C. either foster or adopted parents.
D. both of their natural parents.

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C 12. Today there are many single-parent families because of all but which
one of the following?
A. the high divorce rate
B. teenage pregnancy
C. school sexuality education programs
D. homosexuals who are raising children

D 13. What is the male cell that unites with a female egg to form a fertilized
egg?
A. hormonal cell
B. egg
C. liver
D. sperm

A 14. The male genitalia is composed of the

A. penis and scrotum.
B. liver and the kidneys.
C. diaphragm and the vulva.
D. vulva and clitoris.

B 15. When a male becomes sexually excited, the erectile tissue in the penis
becomes filled with
A. perspiration.
B. blood.
C. dioxin.
D. nervous tissue.

C 16. The sperm are produced in the

A. vas deferens.
B. scrotum.
C. seminiferous tubules.
D. penis.

C 17. The prostate gland produces a fluid which acts as

A. a sexual stimulant and an acid neutralizer.
B. a sexual stimulant and a coagulant.
C. an acid neutralizer and a coagulant.
D. an alkaline neutralizer and a coagulant.

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A 18. The urethra allows
A. both urine and semen to leave the body.
B. the egg to go into the uterus.
C. the uterus to contract slowly.
D. uterus to expand during intercourse.

A 19. When the female gets sexually excited the clitoris becomes
A. engorged with blood and enlarges.
B. wet with sweat and slippery.
C. engorged with nerve endings and is reduced in size.
D. hard and cold.

A 20. What are folds of skin that protect the female genitals from germs
entering the body?
A. labia
B. hymen
C. uterus
D. clitoria

D 21. The vagina serves all of the following functions except which one?
A. receives the penis during intercourse
B. opening for the menstrual flow to exit the body
C. serves as the birth canal
D. opening for the neural fibers to exit the body

B 22. After an egg is released from the ovary it travels through the
A. testes.
B. fallopian tubes.
C. labia.
D. vas deferens.

C 23. How long does it take for girls to complete puberty?

A. one to two years
B. two to three years
C. three to four years
D. five to seven years

B 24. In females the presence of the secondary sex characteristics result due
to the release of
A. testosterone.
B. estrogen.
C. semen.
D. blood in menstruation.

182
B 25. In males the presence of the secondary sex characteristics result due to
the release of
A. semen.
B. testosterone.
C. estrogen.
D. nocturnal emissions.

B 26. Nocturnal emissions are

A. to be avoided during adolescence.
B. wet dreams.
C. unnatural occurrences until adulthood.
D. a sign of nervousness about self-esteem.

D 27. What is the age at which about half of all boys and girls reach puberty?
A. six
B. eight
C. ten
D. thirteen

B 28. Babies grow in the

A. fallopian tubes.
B. uterus.
C. thoracic cavity.
D. vulva.

C 29. Babies get food and air through the

A. lungs.
B. uterus.
C. umbilical cord.
D. fallopian tube.

D 30. The umbilical cord is connected to the mothers

A. fallopian tube and the babys navel.
B. lungs and the babys thoracic cavity.
C. breasts and the babys sex organs.
D. uterus and the babys navel.

C 31. Teaching activities about which of the following is not appropriate for
sexuality education in the elementary and middle-level schools?
A. importance of friendships
B. difference in sizes and shapes
C. reproductive techniques
D. differences between males and females

183
184
B
32. In teaching sexuality education teachers should teach
A. whatever they are comfortable with.
B. only topics approved as part of their graded course of study.
C. using hand-made drawing of the reproductive system.
D. only what they are familiar with about the topic.
C
33. Research has shown that abstinence-only sexuality education programs
result
A. in delayed sexual activity.
B. in sympathy with the concept of diversity of families in the
nation.
C. in not delaying the beginning of sexual activity.
D. better understanding of the different types of sexual problems
found among young people.

True/False

True
1. Since the mid-1900s there has been an increase in sexual activity among
school-age young people.
True
2. The United states has more than double the teenage pregnancy rate of
any other western country.
False
3. A majority of states mandate teaching human sexuality in the
elementary school curriculum.
True
4. Research indicates that sex education begun before youth are sexually
active helps young people stay abstinent.
False
5. A majority of parents are opposed to teaching human sexuality in the
schools.
False
6. Most elementary and middle-level classroom teachers have adequate
preparation for teaching human sexuality in their college preparation.
True 7. Sexuality education should be a planned, intentional, and specific
program of instruction.

False 8. Children should be encouraged to not be curious about the physiology

of sexuality.

True 9. Skill based programs can delay the onset of sexual intercourse.

True
 10. Sexuality education should take place at home.
False
11. The mass media is effective in supplementing the sexuality education
of the school.
False
12. Research has shown that most parents are comfortable in talking with
their children about sex.
False
13. Proper naming of body parts should not be included in early
elementary teaching.
True
14. Learning how babies are made and born should be a part of the early
elementary sexuality education program.
True
15. Instruction regarding peer refusal skills and healthy decision making is
most appropriate included in grades 3-5.
True
16. Information about hormonal changes and sperm production is
appropriate for middle-level students.
False
17. Discussion about sexual desire is appropriate for discussion at the
primary school level.
True
18. When children begin school at the kindergarten age they tend to be
very self-centered.
False
19. Increased mobility has been a contributing factor to the improved
family structure in the past decade.
False
20. Students should be taught in school that the sex roles within their
families need to be changed.
False
21. Instruction about masturbation should be included in the primary
grades curriculum.
False
22. Students should not be taught about homosexuality in elementary
grades.
False
23. Children should be taught to be careful around individuals who are
homosexual.
False
24. Members of a family must be blood-related.
True
25. The increase in divorce has contributed to the increase in single-parent
families.
True 26. The tube like organ used for urination and sexual intercourse is the
penis.

False 27. The major internal organ of the male reproductive system is the penis.

True 28 The prostate gland produces a milky, alkaline fluid.

True 29. Sperm are stored in the epididymis.

True 30. More than 500 million sperm a day are produced by most males.

True 31. The external part of the female sex organs is the vulva.

True 32. Some females do not have a hymen at birth.

True 33. A fertilized egg travels to the uterus through the fallopian tubes.

False 34. Females manufacture egg cells starting about the age of ten.

False 35. There is one ovary in the human female.

False 36. Ova are produced in alternating ovaries on a semi-annual basis.

True 37. Puberty is a long process that includes many physical changes.

True 38. Shifts in hormones can trigger feelings of anxiety and frustration.

True 39. Menstruation is a sign that a females reproduction system is

beginning to function so that she can produce a baby.

False 40. The middle-level classroom teacher should understand every detail in
the menstrual cycle in order to answer students questions.

True 41. An egg that does not meet sperm while in the fallopian tube
disintegrates.

True 42. Nocturnal emissions are a cause of pregnancy.

False 43. Boys should not be told about wet dreams at school because of the
secret nature of this event.

True 44. Parents should be permitted to provide input into the development of a
school district sexuality education curriculum.
False 45. In establishing a sexuality education program age-appropriate
behavioral goals should be used.

True 46. Abstinence-only curricula has been shown to be effective in delaying

sexual intercourse.

False 47. Abstinence-only curricula include instruction on the use of condoms.

True 48. Teachers should encourage proper terminology about the reproductive
organs in the classroom.

True 49. Teachers should only teach topics in sexuality education that have
been approved as part of their graded curse of study by the board of
education.

True 50. www.siecus.org is a website that teachers can use to obtain useful
information in sexuality education.

Short Answer

1. What is sexuality education?

2. What are some messages that young children receive from their parents relating to human
sexuality?

3. Separating boys and girls from discussions about human sexuality sends what types of
messages to the students?

4. What are several key concepts that should be included in school sexuality education in early
elementary (K-2)?

5. What are key concepts to include in school sexuality education in middle/junior high school
(6-8)?

6. What should be the relationship between parents and the school in presenting a sexuality
education program?

7. What are some appropriate sexuality topics for inclusion in the early elementary curriculum?

8. What are appropriate sexuality topics for inclusion in the middle-level school sexuality
education program?

9. What is meant by the concept of an extended family?

10. What are some factors that have contributed to the increase in single-parent families?

11. What is the nuclear family?

12. What are examples of tasks that need to be accomplished by families?

13. What is sex role stereotyping?

14. How can teachers help to eliminate sex role stereotyping in their classrooms?

15. What is menstruation?

16. What is puberty?

17. What are some of the physiological changes that occur among females during puberty?

18. What are some physiological changes that occur among males during puberty?

19. What are some emotional changes that occur during puberty?

20. What are some of the questions that children are likely to ask about human sexuality?

21. What are answers that you would provide to questions that children ask about human
sexuality?

22. How would you explain to an elementary child how a baby gets into the mothers body?

23. What is a nocturnal emission?

24. What strategies would you use in teaching the importance of different sizes among people?

25. What are topics that you would not include in sexuality education instruction in the
elementary and/or middle-level school?

Essay

1. Discuss the problems associated with terminology of sex education, sexuality education, family
life education, and/or human sexuality.

2. Discuss some of the reasons for inclusion of sexuality education in the elementary and middle
level school curriculum.

3. In what ways do students receive distorted views of sexuality from the mass media?
4. What are concepts that should be included about homosexuality in the school sexuality
education curriculum?

5. Identify what part discussion and information about relationships can be a part of the sexuality
education curriculum.

6. Identify and discuss the various types of family structures that are present in the schools today.

7. Explain in detail the differences in the anatomical and physiological structures of the male and
female reproductive systems.

8. Identify changes that classroom teachers may observe during puberty in males and females.

9. Identify guidelines for schools for teaching sexuality education in the elementary and middle
level school.

10. Identify guidelines for teachers for teaching sexuality education in the elementary and middle
level school.

11. Discuss concerns about abstinence-only curricula.

12. Why does teaching about friends belong as part of the instruction in sexuality education?
13. What would you do if a student asked you questions regarding his/her sexual orientation?
 CHAPTER 14
HIV and AIDS Prevention and Education

Multiple Choice

D 1. How many states recommend or mandate HIV/AIDS education in the

schools?
A. thirty-eight states
B. forty states
C. about two-thirds of the states
D. all of the states

D 2. AIDS is caused by a
A. bacterium.
B. protozoan.
C. non-identified microorganism.
D. virus.

B 3. The HIV attacks the

A. respiratory system.
B. immune system.
C. circulatory system.
D. digestive system.

B 4. It is estimated that for every AIDS case there are how many HIV
infected individuals in the United States?
A. ten
B. one hundred
C. fifty
D. one thousand

A 5. HIV has been shown to be transmitted in

A. blood, semen, and breast milk.
B. blood, vaginal secretions, and certain high fat foods.
C. breast milk, semen, and low-protein sugars and starches.
D. certain high fat foods, vaginal secretions, and breast milk.
C 6. In the United States the two most common measures for transmitting
HIV are
A. sexual contact and droplets in the air.
B. using contaminated needles to inject drugs and eating from the
utensils of AIDS patients.
C. using contaminated needles to inject drugs and sexual
contact.
D. using condoms and contaminated needles and utensils of AIDS
patients.

B 7. The chances that an infected mother of HIV will transmit the virus to
her unborn child is about what percent?
A. five
B. 20 to 30
C. fifty
D. one hundred percent

B 8. The safest protection against the spread of HIV is

A. use of inter-uterine devices.
B. the practice of abstinence.
C. the practice of the rhythm method.
D. use of the condom.

D 9. The incubation period for the HIV is about

A. ten to twenty weeks.
B. one to two months.
C. two to five years.
D. ten or more years.

A 10. Most young children with HIV will

A. be in attendance at school.
B. be required to be in a health care facility.
C. be highly contagious for incidental contact situations in the
school.
D. be kept in a separate classroom while in attendance at school.

C 11. School staff education and inservice training concerning issues of HIV
infection should be conducted
A. on a monthly basis.
B. every third year.
C. at least annually.
D. individually on a person to person basis.
C 12. Which is the best measure to present HIV/ADS education into the
school curriculum in the elementary school?
A. develop separate classes on the topic.
B. integrate this instruction with the fine arts program.
C. integrate this instruction with the health units.
D. develop units to be taught by physicians and law enforcement
officers, when available.

A 13. In the early elementary grades all but which of the following
objectives should be presented?
A. AIDS is very easy to get.
B. AIDS is a disease that causes people to get sick.
C. You cannot get AIDS by touching someone with your hands.
D. AIDS does not commonly affect children.

C 14. Elementary school-age children should be taught

A. how to adjust and remove a condom to prevent HIV/AIDS.
B. that condoms should be used to prevent the spread of HIV.
C. that care should be taken in the handling of blood.
D. that AIDS is a fatal disease.

D 15. In the middle-level grades all but which of the following objectives
should be presented?
A. viruses are small living organisms
B. HIV can be transmitted by sexual contact
C. HIV cannot be transmitted by touching someone who is infected
with the virus
D. people with HIV live only about one year after the
diagnosis of the presence of the virus

D 16. At what grade level should children be taught that HIV is a bacterium?
A. early elementary (K-2)
B. upper elementary (3-5)
C. middle level (6-8)
D. none of the above (HIV is a virus, not a bacterium)

C 17. At what grade level should children be taught that abstinence from
risky sexual activity is an effective way to prevent HIV infection?
A. early elementary (K-2)
B. upper elementary (3-5)
C. middle level (6-8)
D. none of the above
C 18. At what grade level should children be taught the use of condoms can
help reduce the spread of HIV?
A. early elementary (K-2)
B. upper elementary (3-5
C. middle level (6-8)
D. none of the above

A 19. Most cases of HIV/AIDS occurs among

A. adults.
B. adolescents.
C. pre-school children.
D. infants and babies.

C 20. HIV may be transmitted from an infected mother to her infant

A. any time up to one year of age.
B. two to four months after birth.
C. before or during birth.
D. about a week to two after birth.

A 21. The HIV attacks the

A. T-cell.
B. skin cells.
C. red blood cells.
D. brain cells.

B 22. Children with AIDS should

A. not be allowed to attend school with other children.
B. be allowed to attend school in a regular classroom.
C. only be allowed to attend school if a majority of parents whose
children will be in the same class agree.
D. be provided with a separate class facility under provisions of the
Americans with Disability Act.

C 23. If a child with AIDS has open sores or skin eruptions he/she should
A. be given a special diet.
B. be permitted to attend school, but not participate in physical
education.
C. not be permitted to attend school.
D. be told to wash their skin every half hour.
D 24. According to CDC data there have been
A. only three reported cases of the spread of AIDS at school.
B. nine reported cases of AIDS spread by casual contact at school.
C. two cases of AIDS spread in the elementary school and eighteen
in high school.
D. no reported cases of AIDS being contracted in the school
setting.

A 25. When a child with AIDS is admitted to school

A. only people needing to know should be so informed.
B. every child in the students class should be informed.
C. the press should be informed.
D. all parents in the school need to be informed.

True/False

1. AIDS is caused by the human immunodeficiency virus.

True
2. The Centers for Disease Control estimates that one in every thousand
False
people in the United States is HIV infected.

3. The HIV kills white blood cells.

True
4. It is now known that HIV can be transmitted through casual contact.
False
5. There is evidence that HIV can be transmitted through mosquito bites
False
and saliva.

6. There is research evidence that infected women with HIV can pass the
True
infection to their newborn infants.

7. One of the two most common procedures for transmitting HIV is by

False
coming into contact with contaminated door knobs.

8. If neither partner is HIV infected going into a relationship, there is a

False
twenty percent chance of one of the individuals becoming infected with
HIV.

9. HIV transmission through blood transfusions has increased in the

False
1990s.

10. If neither partner in a sexual relationship is HIV positive, there is a

False
fifty percent chance they will become HIV infected.
False 11. The condom is about one hundred percent effective as a preventive in
the spread of HIV.

False 12. There is a reduced likelihood that children in elementary school will
know people with AIDS now than was the case ten years ago.

True 13. Attitudes and behaviors relating to sexual activity begin in the
elementary school years.

False 14. HIV/AIDS instruction can be integrated into material in the health
curriculum on the topic of chronic diseases.

True 15. Early elementary school age children should be taught that AIDS is
very hard to get.

True 16. Early elementary school age children should be taught that AIDS
cannot be transmitted by being near someone with it.

True 17. Teaching about germs is an effective teaching strategy to be used in

the early elementary programs relating to HIV/AIDS.

False 18. HIV/AIDS can be spread by coughing and sneezing.

False 19. Viruses are large microorganisms that are easily seen under the
microscope.

True 20. Every school district should have a written policy for handling blood
and body fluids.

False 21. Children with AIDS should never be permitted to attend school in a
regular classroom setting.

False 22. Children with AIDS should only be permitted in school after the age of
fifteen.

True 23. Children with AIDS should be allowed in school as long as they
behave acceptably.

False 24. Commercial HIV/AIDS curricula programs are not recommended for
use in elementary schools.

False 25. Children in early elementary grades should be taught that condoms can
help reduce the spread of HIV.
Short Answer

1. For what do the acronyms HIV and AIDS stand?

2. What is the significance of using the term HIV infection rather than
AIDS?

3. What is the bodys immune system?

4. How is the HIV transmitted from one individual to another?

5. How is it possible to tell if a person is infected with the HIV?

6. What are some reasons for providing instruction about HIV/AIDS in the
elementary and middle-level schools?

7. How can HIV/AIDS instruction be integrated into material on the subject of mental health?

8. Why is the use of the condom recommended as preventive for the

spread of HIV?

9. Why are HIV infected children living longer and healthier lives today than a decade ago?

10. What kinds of learning experiences for school staff should be provided when confronted with
an HIV infected student in the school?

11. Should information about a students HIV status be included in the school educational
record? Why or why not?

12. What are samples of teaching activities that early elementary school age children can be
given that relate to instruction about HIV/AIDS?

13. Why should precautions about touching and handling blood be taught in the elementary
school?

14. What are some of the teaching activities that the classroom teacher in the upper elementary
HIV/AIDS instruction?

15. What are some things that should be included in a written school policy regarding handling
of blood at school ( such as in the case o a bloody nose)?

Essay

1. Discuss some of the myths and misconceptions that people have had about how HIV is spread.
2. Develop a rationale why teaching about HIV/AIDS should be pat of the elementary and
middle-level school curriculum.

3. What are some measures that can be used for incorporating the HIV/AIDS instruction in the
elementary and middle-level school health program?

4. What are differences between communicable and noncommunicable diseases?

5. What are developmentally appropriate practice recommendations regarding HIV prevention?

6. What differences in concepts should be presented in HIV/AIDS instruction between early

elementary school-age children and upper elementary levels?

7. Discuss several examples of childrens literature which have HIV/AIDS related themes.

8. Identify several provisions of the CDC Guidelines for admittance to school of children with
AIDS.

9. What are several Internet sources that information can be obtained for classroom teachers
about the subject of HIV/AIDS?

10. Design an outline for a teacher inservice program regarding prevention of HIV/AIDS.
 CHAPTER 15
Emotional Health

Multiple Choice

C 1. Change in self-esteem
A. is easy to accomplish.
B. rarely occurs after the fifth grade.
C. takes place slowly, over a long period of time.
D. takes place slowly, in about ten to fifteen weeks.

B 2. Research has shown that there is

A. little relationship between school success and self-esteem.
B. direct relationship between school success and self-esteem.
C. a relationship between school success and self-esteem among
males, but not among females.
D. a relationship between school success and self-esteem among
females, but not among males.

C 3. High self-esteem has been related to practicing

A. poor health behaviors.
B. health behaviors, but not until the mid-teen years.
C. positive health behaviors.
D. good dental health care among adults.

D 4. Self-esteem has been categorized by Reynold Bean into all but which of
the following?
A. sense of uniqueness
B. sense of model
C. sense of power
D. sense of correctness

C 5. The whip around works best when the class is sitting

A. four deep, three wide.
B. in lines.
C. in a circle.
D. in rows.

B 6. Which is not an icebreaker activity?

A. clustering
B. walk upon
C. whip around
D. scavenger hunt
A 7. The Somebody Doing Something Good activity is a
A. year-long activity.
B. useful activity for only about one month near the end of the
school year.
C. good introductory activity.
D. positive activity for males, but of little value for females.

A 8. IALAC is the acronym for an activity which helps students

A. understand the importance of being kind to one another.
B. realize that they should not participate in certain activities.
C. understand the importance of learning class discipline.
D. move from one part of the building to another.

B 9. Children with a high sense of uniqueness feel

A. little respect for themselves.
B. there is something special about themselves.
C. they are similar in knowledge to other children.
D. do not feel different from others.

D 10. Bragging about ourselves

A. is to be discouraged in an effort to improve self-esteem.
B. is dangerous to self pride.
C. should never be permitted at school.
D. can be good for elementary students.

A 11. Children with a sense of power feel

A. comfortable when they have a responsibility to fulfill.
B. they cannot usually make decision.
C. they have little control of their own lives.
D. rarely feel they can accomplish what they set out to do.

D 12. The graffiti wall and journal writing helps improve the sense of
A. power.
B. models.
C. rightness.
D. uniqueness.

D 13. Class contracts and class jobs are classroom activities that contribute
to the development of the sense of
A. models.
B. uniqueness.
C. connectiveness.
D. power.
A 14. Letting students make low level decisions in the class is a way to
develop a sense of
A. power.
B. models.
C. uniqueness.
D. connectiveness.

C 15. Children displaying a strong sense of models

A. have little sense of purpose.
B. fail to know the direction where they are headed.
C. have a sense of order.
D. are unclear of the standards being used to judge them.

D 16. Providing respected individuals from the community to speak to the

students contributes to the development of the sense of
A. connectiveness.
B. power.
C. uniqueness.
D. models.

A 17. The use of peer tutoring is useful in contributing to the development of

the sense of
A. models.
B. connectiveness.
C. power.
D. uniqueness.

B 18. Goal setting can contribute to the development of the sense of

A. power.
B. models.
C. uniqueness.
D. connectiveness.

C 19. Icebreakers contribute to the development of the sense of

A. models.
B. power.
C. connectiveness.
D. uniqueness.

B 20. Abraham Maslow taught that healthy individuals need

A. money, self-esteem, and shelter.
B. security, love, and self-esteem.
C. love, space, and food.
D. religion, space, and shelter.
True/False

True
1. Emotional health is the ability to express emotions comfortably and
appropriately.
True 2. Self-esteem is an aspect of emotional health.

True 3. Positive self-esteem plays a contributing role to positive health

behaviors.

False 4. Abraham Maslow believed that self-esteem is not related to self

actualization.

True 5. There is a strong relationship between school success and self-esteem.

False 6. There is little evidence that self-esteem can be changed positively.

True 7. Positive feedback to students helps in development of good self-esteem.

False 8. Reynold Bean has categorized self-esteem into three conditions.

True 9. Children with a high sense of connectiveness feel that they are a part of
something.

False 10. Children with a high sense of power identify with a group of people.

True 11. Clustering is one type of icebreaker activity.

True 12. Clustering is a fast way to get students to interact with one another.

False 13. Boundary breaking activities involves students working alone in the
classroom.

False 14. The IALAC activity encourages students to understand the importance
of working separately within the class day.

False 15. Children with a high sense of uniqueness feel that there is nothing
special about them.

False 16. Cooperative learning is a way to help develop the sense of model.

False 17. Children with a high sense of uniqueness feel little respect for
themselves.
True 18. Children with a high sense of uniqueness are able to express
themselves in a unique way.

False 19. Graffiti Wall is an activity that helps promote a sense of

connectiveness.

False 20. Teachers have little impact on the sense of uniqueness of children.

False 21. Children should not be permitted to brag about themselves while at
school.

True 22. Children with a high sense of power are able to use the skills they have
in situations designed for them.

True 23. Children with a high sense of power feel confident they can make
decisions in order to solve their problems.

True 24. Children with a high sense of models know people they feel are
worthy of being emulated.

True 25. Children with a high sense of models know how to go about learning
what they need to know.

True 26. Goal setting for elementary age children should be on a short term
daily basis.

Short Answer

1. What is self-esteem?

2. What are four conditions of self-esteem as identified by Reynold Bean?

3. Children with a high sense of connectiveness tend to reflect what characteristics?

4. What are several questions that teachers need to ask about themselves in analyzing their role
in impacting the self-esteem of students?

5. What are several kinds of icebreaker activities that the elementary and middle-level teacher
can use?

6. In what way does cooperative learning help develop the sense of connection?

7. What is meant by the sense of uniqueness?

8. What is the Somebody Doing Something Good activity?

9. Explain the features of the Brag Time activity?

10. How is the Graffiti Wall used in the health class?

11. Why do class contracts contribute to the development of the sense of power?

12. How do class meetings play a role in the development of the sense of power?

13. How is a Question Box used in the school health program?

14. How can teachers have an impact upon the development of the sense of models?

15. How does the use of guest speakers impact the sense of models?

Essay

1. Identify some of the activities that can be incorporated into the school program which helps to
enhance student self-esteem.

2. Discuss some of the activities that occur in school which have an impact on childrens sense of
connectiveness.
3. What are some of the characteristics of children with a high sense of uniqueness?

4. Explain how class contracts can be effective in promoting a sense of power.

5. Identify some of the characteristics of children with a high sense of power.

6. Explain how the sense of power and sense of uniqueness differ.

7. How does the sense of power and the sense of models differ?

8. Provide an example of childrens literature that could be used to teach about self-esteem.
 CHAPTER 16
Death and Dying

Multiple Choice

A 1. Schools should become involved in teaching about death, dying, and

grief in order to help students
A. with feelings when a loved one dies.
B. meet graduation requirements from middle school.
C. compensate for religious teachings.
D. overcome attitudes associated with being a grandparent.

D 2. The classic study by Nagy concluded that childrens ideas about death
developed in how many age-related stages?
A. six
B. five
C. four
D. three

B 3. Children between ages of five and nine years of age

A. do not understand the finality of death.
B. show guilt feelings concerning the death.
C. usually show no signs of grief over the death.
D. believe the deceased person will return.

A 4. Children between the ages of three to five years of age

A. do not understand the finality of death.
B. understand that death is universal.
C. understand that death will occur to them.
D. should not be exposed to death of a relative or pet.

B 5. A death resulting from an automobile accident usually results in which

type of grief?
A. low-grief death
B. high-grief death
C. moderate-grief death
D. parallel-grief death

B 6. For which type of death is grief usually more emotional and longer?
A. low-grief death
B. high-grief death
C. moderate-grief death
D. parallel-grief death
A 7. Stage one of the grieving process involves
A. denial, shock, and disbelief.
B. despair, numbness, and apathy.
C. recovery and resolution.
D. sadness, numbness, and anger.

B 8. How long does stage one of the grieving process usually last?
A. two to three days
B. up to two weeks after the death
C. one to two months
D. four to fix months

B 9. Stage two of the grieving process involves

A. denial, shock, and disbelief.
B. despair, numbness, and apathy.
C. recovery, and resolution.
D. sadness, shock, and denial.

A 10. Stage three of the grieving process is characterized by

A. a return to normal activities.
B. expressions of anger.
C. crying, confusion, and stress.
D. insomnia and restlessness.

C 11. The first emotion that individuals experience when told they have a
terminal illness is
A. depression.
B. bargaining.
C. denial.
D. anger.

C 12. What stage of the dying process is usually most difficult for the
relatives to cope with?
A. bargaining
B. denial
C. anger
D. depression

A 13. Bargaining occurs

A. throughout most of the dying process.
B. only in conjunction with denial.
C. more commonly among females than males.
D. only in conjunction with the depression stage of dying.
C 14. The last stage of the dying process is
A. denial.
B. bargaining.
C. acceptance.
D. anger.

C 15. When visiting a terminally ill individual the child should be

encouraged to
A. keep quiet and not embarrass the ill person.
B. talk about religious matters.
C. bring a small present.
D. not look directly into the eyes of the dying person.

A 16. One of the biggest fears of dying people is the fear of

A. being alone.
B. having to drink water to overcome temperatures.
C. having to take certain medications.
D. missing important family reunions.

D 17. Research has shown that

A. most parents talk with their children about death.
B. most children talk with each other on a regular basis about
death.
C. most parents want their churches to talk with their children
about death.
D. less than one-half of all parents talk about death to their
children with comfort.

C 18. Death as portrayed in the media is often

A. religious oriented and not appropriate for use in schools.
B. used to show the emotional side of dying.
C. misleading and confusing.
D. centered on problems associated with younger children.

A 19. Reincarnation and instruction about heaven should be discussed with

children
A. within the family unit.
B. at school only with the school nurse present.
C. following the showing of an appropriate movie.
D. at school after grade 4.
B 20. Children in the elementary and middle-level schools should
A. never be encouraged to express their feelings.
B. be encouraged to express their feelings relating to death and
dying.
C. be taught to sublimate their feelings relating to death.
D. overlook feelings about death and dying.

C 21. It is important that elementary students understand that living things

go through a
A. cycle of death.
B. cycle of revolution.
C. life cycle.
D. curvilinear cycle.

C 22. The teacher should give

A. personal values on controversial issues relating to death.
B. emphasize community values on controversial issues relating to
death.
C. not voice personal values on controversial issues relating to
death.
D. complete freedom to emphasize values.

D 23. When a student dies it is best to

A. close school for two days.
B. continue the next day as a regular class day.
C. close school the next afternoon, but not morning.
D. not force a "typical" day on grieving students.

C 24. In discussing the death of a student it is best to use which of the

following words?
A. "Went away"
B. "Went to sleep"
C. "Dead"; "Died"
D. "Was taken home by God"

C 25. Which of the following is not a non-verbal activity that might be

useful to allow expressions of grief?
A. listening to music
B. drawing pictures
C. discuss different attitudes about death
D. writing journal entries
True/False

True 1. Individual development and experience influence how a child will

understand the concept of death.

True

False 3. Exposure to television gives an accurate understanding to children of

death and dying.

False 4. A classic study of the developmental stages of understanding death

among children was reported by Kubler-Ross.

True 5. Children between the ages of three to five tend to not understand the
finality of death.

True 6. Children between the age of three to five usually do not show signs of
grief over the death of a relative or friend.

True 7. Middle-level school-age children understand the finality of death.

True 8. Grief is the psychological and sometimes physical response to the death
of a friend or relative.

False 9. Children between the ages of 5 to 9 have a good comprehension of the

cause of death.

True 10. Stage two of the grieving process involves despair, numbness, and
apathy.

True 11. Stage one of the grieving process usually lasts up to two weeks after
the death.

True 12. Insomnia is a common occurrence of an individual experiencing stage

two of the grieving process.

False 13. Sadness is rarely seen among individuals experiencing stage three of
the grieving process.

True 14. Children are likely to express their grief in the form of anger.

True 15. Children tend to idealize the dead person by describing that individual
in terms of perfection and excellence.
True 16. The three stages of grief can occur during divorce or separation within
a family.

17. Denial is never a healthy process for the person who is dying.

18. Generally the emotion of anger is easy to deal with in the case of a
terminally ill individual.

19. Children should be discouraged from visiting a terminally ill relative.

20. The last stage of the dying process is acceptance.

21. A fear of the dying person is the fear of being alone.

22. Bargaining tends to occur during most of the dying process.

23. Death as portrayed in the media is often misleading and confusing.

24. Euthanasia and mercy killing are important topics for discussion in the
primary schools.

25. Children should never be permitted to express their feelings about

death in class.

26. When a child from the classroom dies, the students should be kept on a
regular schedule.

28. Children should be allowed to express their grief and sadness at school
over the death of a classmate.

29. The teacher should never touch a child who is experiencing grief over
the death of a friend or relative.

30. Teachers should refrain from using the words "dead" or "death" in
classroom discussion.

31. Childrens literature is ineffective for teaching death and dying

concepts.
Short Answer

1. Give examples of how euphemistic language is used by parents in speaking about death with
elementary and middle-level school-age children.

2. How can teaching about dying, death, and grief help students to deal with their feelings when
a loved one dies?

3. What are some characteristics unique to children in stage one of the developmental stages of
understanding death regarding death?

4. In what ways are the developmental stages of understanding death different between stages
two and three?

5. List and explain briefly the five stages of the dying process?

6. Explain what Kubler-Ross meant by bargaining.

7. What can children be encouraged to do to help a dying person at each stage of the dying
process?

8. Why is teaching about death and dying important in the elementary curriculum?

9. What are several guidelines for teaching about death and dying with elementary and middle
level school-age children?

10. What are several guidelines for teaching death and dying in the elementary and middle-level
school that you would feel are important?

11. How can the death of a pet be used for teaching concepts about death and dying?

12. How can the Memory Book activity be used in the elementary grades?

13. How can the concept of Life Cycle be used in middle-level grades to teach about death and
dying?

Essay

1. Why should death, dying, and grief be included as part of instruction in the elementary and
middle-school health education curriculum?

2. Explain the characteristics of Nagys three developmental stages of understanding of death

among children.
3. What are the differences between low-grief death and high-grief death?

4. Explain the differences between stages one, two, and three of the grieving process.

5. Explain the differences between each of the five stages of the dying process.

6. Explain several guidelines to consider when teaching about dying, death and grief.

7. What can the classroom teacher do to assist students at the time of a death of a class member?

8. What are some activities that the classroom teacher can institute in teaching about death and
dying?

9. What are controversial issues that possibly should not be included in elementary and middle
level class discussion about death and dying?

10. What role can childrens literature play in teaching children about death, dying, and grief?
 CHAPTER 17
Personal Health: A Matter of Concern to All

Multiple Choice

D 1. The skin, the nails, hair, and glands comprise the

A. reproductive system.
B. circulatory system.
C. digestive system.
D. integumentary system.

C 2. The largest organ of the body is the

A. heart.
B. mouth.
C. integumentary system.
D. stomach.

A 3. The purpose of the epidermal layer of skin is to

A. protect the other layers.
B. give color to the skin.
C. contain the blood vessels of the skin.
D. contain the connective tissue.

C 4. Pigment melanin is found in the

A. dermal layer of the skin.
B. outer layer of the epidermis.
C. lower rows of the epidermis.
D. hypodermis.

C 5. The skin plays an important role in the regulation of

A. the heart beat.
B. glucose in the liver.
C. body temperature.
D. nerve cells in the lower abdomen.

B 6. Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of the

A. liver.
B. skin.
C. pancreas.
D. eyes.
D 7. Warts are caused by
A. frogs
B. bacteria.
C. impure water.
D. viruses.

C 8. Eczema is
A. caused by a virus.
B. similar to HIV/AIDS virus.
C. noncontagious.
D. contagious.

B 9. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is referred to as

A. eczema.
B. plantar warts.
C. acne.
D. ringworm.

C 10. The most prevalent type of lice found on school-age children is

A. pubic lice.
B. foot lice.
C. head lice.
D. body lice.

C 11. The National Pediculosis Association recommends that children be

screened for head lice
A. once a year.
B. once during the summer and three times during the school year.
C. three times each school year.
D. twice each school year.

A 12. Adult lice lay oval eggs called

A. nits.
B. knews.
C. loons.
D. zits.

D 13. A reddening of the skin is a

A. fourth degree burn.
B. third degree burn.
C. second degree burn
D. first degree burn.
B 14. Blistering of the epidermal layer of the skin is an indication of a
A. first degree burn.
B. second degree burn.
C. third degree burn.
D. fourth degree burn.

A 15. First aid for frostbite involves

A. warming the frostbitten part as quickly as possible.
B. placing heat against the skin of the affected area.
C. immersing the frostbitten part in cool water.
D. rubbing the affected skin.

C 16. Each human hair consists of a

A. crown, lip, and root.
B. root, bulb, and top.
C. bulb, shaft, and root.
D. lip, dentin, and crown.

C 17. What glands are connected to the hair follicles?

A. ceruminous glands
B. sweat glands
C. sebaceous glands
D. neck glands

C 18. Nails originate from the live roots within which layer of skin?
A. dermis
B. myodermis
C. epidermis
D. circular dermis

A 19. Hyperactivity of which glands can result in acne?

A. sebaceous glands.
B. neck glands.
C. sweat glands.
D. ceruminous glands.

D 20. Which glands are located in the ear canal and secrete earwax?
A. neck glands
B. sebaceous glands
C. sweat glands
D. ceruminous glands
D 21. The receptors for sensations of touch are located in
A. the brain.
B. the abdominal cavity.
C. the ear and nose.
D. the skin.

C 22. The receptors for sensations of taste are located in the

A. skin.
B. brain.
C. tongue.
D. abdominal cavity.

C 23. The receptors for the taste of sour are located

A. at the tip of the tongue.
B. at the back of the tongue.
C. on the sides of the tongue.
D. not located on the tongue.

B 24. Instruction about the senses should be emphasized during

A. middle-level school.
B. pre-school and early elementary school.
C. upper elementary school.
D. junior high school.

C 25. The part of the tooth visible above the gums is the
A. root.
B. optic nerve.
C. crown.
D. dentin.

D 26. The tooth receives oxygen and nutrients through the

A. lips.
B nervous system.
C. roots of the crown.
D. blood vessels.

B 27. Gingivitis is an inflammation of the

A. root of the tooth.
B. gums surrounding the teeth.
C. crown of the tooth.
D. arms and legs.
C 28. Dental caries are caused primarily by
A. viruses in the mouth.
B. fungal diseases.
C. bacteria on the tooth.
D. protozoa on the lips.

C 29. The dental hygienist perform all of the following except which one?
A. x-rays the teeth
B. applies topical fluorides
C. applies braces to the teeth
D. cleans the plaque from the teeth

A 30. Most children of elementary and middle-school level age that have
diabetes have
A. immune-medicated diabetes.
B. Class C diabetes.
C. Type II diabetes.
D. metabolic class regression diabetes.

D 31. Most children with diabetes need to be given insulin at least

A. every other week.
B. once a week.
C. once a day.
D. twice a day.

D 32. Self-monitoring of the blood glucose level normally is carried out

A. once a week.
B. twice a week.
C. daily.
D. four times a day.

C 33. Hypoglycemia is a risk for students with

A. epilepsy.
B. scoliosis.
C. diabetes.
D. glaucoma.

C 34. The principal indicator of epilepsy is

A. increased body temperature.
B. skin rash.
C. sudden, uncontrolled seizures.
D. difficulty in seeing at close distances.
C 35. Regarding asthma it is
A. impossible to control the attack episode.
B. impossible to obtain medication that can control the attack.
C. impossible to cure the asthmatic.
D. possible to obtain medications that will cure the condition.

A 36. Asthmatic children should

A. participate in all school functions including physical
education.
B. participate in all school functions except band.
C. have limited school participation.
D. participate in all school functions except physical education.

D 37. Which voluntary health agency has been active in providing programs
for families and children with asthma?
A. American Red Cross
B. American School Health Association
C. American Diabetic Association
D. American Lung Association

B 38. What medications are regularly prescribed for asthma?

A. aspirin and blood thinners
B. anti-inflammatory agents and bronchodilators
C. prilosec
D. arthrotec and anti-inflammatory agents

D 39. Which type of activity is least likely to provoke asthma symptoms?

A. running
B. sports participation
C. roller blading
D. swimming

C 40. The most prevalent disease relating to environmental factors among

children is
A. dental decay.
B. sidestream smoke.
C. lead poisoning.
D. loss of hearing.
B 41. Which population group tends to be more susceptible to lead
poisoning?
A. adults and senior citizens
B. children
C. adolescents and adults
D. babies and senior citizens

C 42. Lead poisoning in the home is predominantly a problem found in

A. southern communities near bodies of salt water.
B. suburban communities with newer, fuel efficient homes.
C. inner city areas with older, usually blighted, neighborhoods.
D. rural communities among dairy farms.

C 43. Lead is eliminated from the body through the

A. respiratory process.
B. digestive process and the reproductive system.
C. feces and urine and by perspiration.
D. the process of perspiration and respiration.

A 44. Pottery and ceramic dishes are sources of

A. lead.
B. epilepsy.
C. tooth decay.
D. mercury.

B 45. Families that are living in homes that might be at risk for childhood
lead poisoning should have the homes
A. burned down to prevent lead poisoning.
B. tested for lead paint.
C. repainted to cover up the lead paint.
D. sprayed with asbestos to reduce the problem associated with
lead.

True/False

True 1. The skin provides a protective function in humans.

True 2. Skin color is determined by pigment melanin.

False 3. The thinnest of skin structures can be found on the palms of the hands.

True 4. Constriction of the blood vessels causes the skin to pale.

True 5. The skin provides protection against disease

True 6. The skin plays a role in the regulation of body temperature.

True 7. Antihistamines are often prescribed to help relieve the pain and itching
of contact dermatitis.

False 8. Boils and carbuncles result from nits on the hair follicle.

True 9. Impetigo is a contagious skin disease.

False 10. Eczema is a contagious skin disease.

False 11. Ringworm is caused by bacteria.

False 12. Athletes foot is a type of eczema.

False 13. Head lice are usually transmitted through sexual contact.

True 14. Head lice is a major cause of school absenteeism among elementary
school children.

True 15. Nits are easy to see.

False 16. A pediculicide is a medicated shampoo that will kill larvae that cause
acne.

True 17. The most effective way to prevent the development of lice is to
maintain body and hair cleanliness.

True 18. Adolescents refer to pimples of acne as "zits."

False 19. Research indicates that acne is caused by greasy foods and chocolate.

False 20. The basic emergency care procedure for burns involves immersing the
burned part of the skin in warm water.

True 21. A reddening of the skin caused by burning is a first degree burn.

True 22. A third degree burn is more dangerous than a first degree burn.

False 23. Frostbitten parts of the body should immediately be immersed in hot
water.

False 24. Frostbitten skin should be rubbed to stimulate blood flow.

True 25. Nutritional deficiencies have been shown to cause split nails.
False 26. A nail that appears pinkish indicates cardiovascular problems.

True 27. Sweat glands secrete perspiration onto the surface of the skin.

False 28. The ceruminous glands are located in the nasal cavity.

False 29. Sensory organs are an extension of the digestive system.

False 30. The receptors for sound are located in the optic nerve.

True 31. The receptors for the sensation of sweetness are located at the tip of
the tongue.

False 32. By the time a child is two years of age all of the secondary teeth
should have erupted through the skin.

True 33. The crown of the tooth is covered by the enamel.

True 34. The hardest substance of the human body is enamel.

True 35. Good nutritional patterns will help prevent pyorrhea.

False 36. Dental caries are caused by viruses on the tooth.

True 37. Eating foods with high sugar content contributes to the development of
tooth decay.

True 38. Malocclusion can result in difficulty in speech.

False 39. Fluorides are dangerous to the teeth of pre-school children.

False 40. Dental hygienists are trained to put braces on the teeth.

True 41. Individuals with diabetes are at risk for hypoglycemia.

False 42. Usually children who are diabetic need to have restrictions on the
amount and kind of exercise they take part in while at school

True 43. Most children with diabetes need to be given insulin at least twice a
day.

False 44. Insulin therapy is available that can be taken orally.

False 45. Self-monitoring of the blood glucose level involves taking a blood
sample from the abdominal muscles.
False 46. Epilepsy is a communicable disease.

False 47. During a seizure the individual should be held down to protect against
injury.

True 48. Asthma is a major contributor to school absenteeism.

False 49. Asthma is a circulatory disease.

False 50. Asthmatic attacks cannot be controlled.

True 51. Asthma attacks can be initiated by weather changes.

True 52. Emotional conditions can cause an asthma attack.

False 53. There are medications that can be given to cure asthma.

True 54. Theophylline is a bronchodilator.

False 55. Certain types of asthma can be cured by proper nutrition.

False 56. Asthma is a psychological problem.

False 57. The American Red Cross has been active in programming to help
children with asthma.

False 58. In recent years the level o lead in the environment has been increased.

False 59. Today leaded gasoline can be purchased in about one-fourth of the
cities.

True 60. Lead is now prohibited to be included in the manufacture of household

paints.

True 61. Lead tends to accumulate in the bones of the human body.

True 62. Lead tends to replace badly needed calcium.

True 63. Reading disabilities have been associated with increased levels of lead
exposure.

False 64. Hyperactivity has been associated with a reduction in lead exposure.

True 65. The Safe Drinking water Act requires that bans be placed on materials
containing lead in drinking water plumbing.
Short Answer

1. Explain the three layers that comprise the skin?

2. What basic purposes does the skin serve?

3. What are the indications of contact dermatitis?

4. What are the differences between boils and carbuncles?

5. What are plantar warts?

6. How does ringworm differ from eczema?

7. What are the indications of impetigo?

8. What measures can be taken to protect against head lice?

9. What measures should be taken when a child has head lice?

10. From a physiological point of view what is the cause of acne?

11. What is dandruff and how can it be prevented?

12. Differentiate between first-, second-, and third- degree burns.

13. What are the three different kinds of glands?

14. Where are the receptors for the sensations of taste located on the tongue?

15. Identify the four different kinds of teeth.

16. What is the recommendation of the national health objectives for the nation regarding dental
health?

17. What is dental plaque?

18. How is tooth decay formed?

19. Identify three different ways that fluoride is used to protect against tooth decay.

20. What is immune-medicated diabetes?

21. What are measures that can be taken to control diabetes?

22. Explain the procedure of self-monitoring of the blood glucose level of diabetics.?

23. What is the nonconvulsive type of epilepsy?

24. What are the two different types of epilepsy?

25. Generally can an epileptic participate in physical activities while at school? Explain your
response.

26. What is asthma?

27. What are some of the causes of asthma?

28. What are early warning signals that an asthmatic attack is about to occur?

29. What measures can the classroom teacher take to help a student having an asthmatic attack?

30. What is the Open Airways for School Program?

31. What is lead poisoning?

32. How does lead affect intellectual development?

33. Why are young children particularly at risk for lead poisoning?

34. What is pica?

35. What is chelation therapy?

Essay

1. Explain the various purposes served by the skin.

2. Explain the life cycle of pediculosis.

3. Discuss how head lice differs from body lice and pubic lice.

4. What measures can be taken to reduce the problems associated with acne?

5. Discuss various emergency care measures that need to be understood in the case of burn to the
skin.

6. Discuss various emergency care measures that should be taken to help an individual with
frostbite.
7. What are some activities that the teacher can present to teach about the senses?

8. Discuss the various purposes served by the teeth.

9. Identify reasons why malocclusion is a particular concern for elementary school-age children.

10. What measures can be taken to protect against dental caries and disease of the teeth?

11. What are some learning activities that the teacher can present to teach about dental health?

12. What is the convulsive seizure type of epilepsy?

13. Explain what occurs physiologically when an individual has asthma.

14. Discuss measures that the school needs to take to help an asthmatic student.

15. Describe the physiological effects of lead on humans.

16. Explain the effects of exposure of lead upon pregnant women and the fetus.