CAE Result Student's Book Kathy Gude & Mary Stephensanguage iAdacinlee CAE Result Student’s Book Kathy Gude & Mary Stephens OXFORD \INIVERSITY PRESS1 Whatare you like page $ Readling Part 3 Multiple choice Finding the real you Vocabulary Character adjectives meuage Grammar Review of tenses 2 Customs and traditions Part 2 Gapped text confused words (1) Gerunds and infnitives page 21 Festival inthe desert Relative clauses { Looking ahead Part themed texts Phrasal verbs with Future forms page 33. up and down 4 into the wild Pert 2 Gapped teat pressions with animals Past tenses pase 45 Saours of the seas 5 Health matters page 57 Part 3 Muhiple chore Au unhealthy obsession Health and fitness. Direct and indirect speech 6 Would you believe page «9 Part4 Multiple matching Superheroes Verts of moving and looking Medals Traces ol the past page 81 Parl 1 Themed texts Phrasal verbs with off and in Participle clauses, 0 the big issues Part 3 Multiple choice Big issues Conditionals poge 9 ‘Mean machines Dwsa Part4 Multiple matching ‘Gime and punishment Passives page 105 Writing crime fiction I Buying and selling Part 2. Gapped text Expressions with bisiess, Mixed conditionals page 117 The appeal et eBay and words connected with shepping and wishes © Entertainment or art? page 129 Part 1 Themed texts Artand entertainment Comparatives and superlatives 12 A changing world page 141 Part 4 Multiple matching Changing places Expressions with earth, world ard ground Emphasis Lead in at thestart ol every Unit Review al the end of every Unit Exam Overview page 4listening Speaking ——_Use af English Vocabulary ng, Paria Port Parl 3 Word formation Expressions with luck Pori2 Nudtinle matching, Part 4 Gapped senences Alernal teter Pant Par 2 Part 2 Open cloze Pari Short extracis Part 5 Key word A proposal transformations Fant Pari 2 art pressions connecied Part 1 Multinle cacien Multiple choice cleze with age Alcrmal letter pat Pari3 Part2 Pari2 Sentence completion open doze Acaniribution a) Paris3.and4 Part 3 Wore formation (2) Pant Short extracis ‘Were formation letter Pats Pari 2 Part 1 Multiple-choree cloze Expressions with right and left Part 2 Multiple matching Parl 5 Key word An essay transformations pat? Pari 2 Part Word! formation (2) Pai Sentence completion ‘oid formation ‘competition entry Fans Paris3and4 Part Expressions with end Pan2 Multiple choice Multiple-choice laze ‘Amagazine atticle Patt Port 2 Part2 Phrasal verbs with aut and Poel Stor extracis ‘open cleze over ‘Arepart Fen Paris3 and4 Part 3 Word formation Easily confused words (2) Port2 Multiple choice Fart 4 Gapped! sentences Atepor! Pal 2 Pan2 Part 2 Open cloze Three-part pltasal verbs Port Sentence competion Part 5 Key word ‘Aneview tronsleerations Part Pana Part? Multiple-choice cloze Adverts and their meanings Part ‘wuttiple metching page 155, Writing Guide Fart 4 Gapped sentences Grammar Releretice age 16, A proposalB B Exam Overview Intreduction, “The Ceitificate of Advanced English conesponds to Level Four in the Cambridge ESOL fivestevel system. It also cortesponds to the Association of Language ‘Teachers in Europe (ALTE) Level Four (Competent User), and Council of Europe evel C1 (Biective Profctency) ‘There are five papers in the examination, each worth 20% of the total marks. ‘To achieve a passing grade (A, B or C) candidates must gain approximately 609% of the total marks available, or above. Candidates" grades are based on the total score from all five papers and there is no pass or fail grade for individual papers. Paper 1 Reading (1 hour 15 minutes) This paper has four parts, with # tonge of text types and comprehension questions on each one, ‘There are 34 questions in total ‘The texts may consist of several short picccs, and the length of texts in each pert is between 550-850 words. ‘The texts are taken from newspapers, magazines, journals, fiction and non-fiction books, leaflets, brochures, etc, Parl Task type Number What you do What it tests How todoit ‘of items 1 Themedtexts 6 ‘choose the best answer from Understanding of a test and page 34 fouroption multiplechoice opinions or details expressed ‘questions 2 Gappedten 6 Decide where paragraphs ——_Understarding of text stricture pape 22 belong in text anv! development 3 Multiple chowe 7 Choose the besi answer fiom Undertandingofa tere znd page 10 four-option multiple-choice opinions of details expressed uestions 4 Multiple watching 15 Match prompts from to Understanding specific page 106 sectiensin a text information, opinion and. attitude Marks = ‘Two marke for each correct answer in Parts 1, 2 and 3. = One mark for each correct answer in Part 4, Ey bom Gverview2 Writing (1 hour 30 minutes) ‘paper has two parts. The Part 1 question is compulsory and is based on {1 information. In Pari 2, you Choose one question from five. Answers for Part | should be 180-220 words in length and answers for Pari 2 “should be 220-260 words in length. ‘The task types for Parts | and 2 include the following: articles, contributions to - Teafets and brochures, letters, reports, proposals, reviews, essays, competition entries, set texts, memos. Examples of Paper 2 questiors types can be found in the Writing Guide on pages | 15-165. ‘Marks + Parts | and 2 have equal marks.Paper 3. Use of English (1 hour) ‘This paper has five parts, and 2 total of 50 questions. The (esting focus is on understanding end controlling elements of language, eg grarmat, lexis, word formation, lexical and grammatical transformations, and spelling. Part Task type Number What you do of items. 1 Multiplechoice 12 Fill gaps in a text of akout 200 laze ‘warts from multiple-choice ‘options 2 Open laze 8 Fill gaps ina text of akout 200 ‘word with ene word per sep 3 Werdformation 10 Ferm appropriate words {rox the terns f words to fil gaps in test of abou! 130 worts 4 Gapped sentences 5 Complete gaps in a set of three sentences using the sate word ineach gap 5 key Mord 8 “Transiorm infomation from one transformations sentence 10 anether using three to Sb. words incluicing the word given Marks = Gne niaik for each corrvet answer in Panis 1, 2 and 3, * “lwo marks for each correct answer in Part 4. = Upto two marks for each coreet answer in Patt 5. + Alspellings must be correct. Eh ban tenview Whatil tests Phrases, collorations, idioms, phrasal verbs, linkers, used! {to complete a text with the correct meaning and grammatical context ‘Awareness and conirel of grammatical and lexico- graniratical ites ‘Aoiltyto for pars ct speech contectly ‘Awareness and breadth of Texical krowledge ‘Awareness and contrel of sramnatical structures and lexicaitens How todoit age 40 pare 26 page 16 page 17 page 29Paper 4 Listening (approx. 40 minutes) ‘This paper has four parts and 30 questions. The recorded tents tay inctude the following: » monologues: ennouncernents, radio broadcasts, teleplone messages, speeches, talks, lectures, anecdotes, * conversations between two or more speakers: interviews, discussions, radio broadcasts. The testing focuses on understanding specific information, gis, attitude, opinion, context, main points and detail ach Part is heard twice, The speakers will have a variety of accents. There may be some background sounds, before the speaking begins, to give contextual information. Thete may also be some subdued reaction from audiences to talks, speeches, ete. Part Task type Number What you do What it-tesis cof items 1 Short extracts 6 Choexe the best arswer from ——_Abilily ta understand multiple-choice questions en topics, opinions and: three unrelated shor! extracts specificinfermatien with interacting speakers 2 Sentence completion 8 Winte a word or short phrase ——_Undersianling of specie beard in the monologue to information and stated complete gaprin sentences opinion 3 Nuitiple choice 6 Choose the best answer trom Ability iounderstand nnultiple-choice questions en attitude and opinion ‘conversations with two or more speaters 4 Multiple matching 10 Select the correct answer from a Ability fo understand pst, list of eight options on fixe short athtude, main points ond ‘theme-related monologues context ‘Marks © One mark for each correct answer = In part 2, spelling must be correct for common words and those considered easy to spell. How to doit page 26 page 50 page 122 page 14Paper 5 Speaking (15 minutes) “This paper hes four parts. ‘The standard format is two candidates and Neo examiners, one acting as interlocutor and assessor, the other acting as assessor only. If there is an odd umber of candidates, three candidates sit the test together al the end of the ‘exarnining session Parl. Task lype Length What you do What it tests 1 Merwayconversation 3minutes Ask and ansver‘perscral” Ability to use general eteen candies uestions Foteractional ane soci and interlocutor language 2 Incividual jong'tums 4 minutes Talk about two out of Ability to describe, speculate, and brief responses three pictures based cn) compare and comment Visual and witten prompts during a longer and organised for one minute discourse 3 Wwowayineracien —4ruinutes Discuss. problem-solving Ability to interact ana between carwliates task tased on visual and exchange ideas, express ‘written prompts ‘opinions, agree oc disagree, evaluate and reach a decision by negotiation A AsPartt 4iminutes Discussissues related te Abily to tlic abent wider the Pari 3 task ‘issues and express and justly ‘opinions on them Marks * Candidates are assessed on their performance throughout the test in the following areas: # Grampyar Resource ~ range and control © Vocabulary Resource ~ range and control. # Discourse Mauagement ~ ability to express ideas in coherent, connected, speech without undue hesitation. © Pronunciation — individual sounds, siress and intonation. ‘© Interactive Conimtnication - initiating, responding and developing, the interaction. ~ The assessor marks secording to detailed Analytical Seales, and the interlocutor gives 4 mark on a Global Scale, which is less detatled, Dh ton tvenview How tedoit page 15 page 27 age 39 page 50 page 62 Page 62os ~«C«@S a m What are you like? 7" Lead in j i 2 Do the personality quiz, below, then look at page (hat is your ideal job? Make a fist of usetul alin loiter bat we oe ites for that job, e-,tmagination, sent. 1 ecru i bs aa FDO Which do you possesst think the quiz is accurate? Why/Why not? Which do you possess! Extrovert or Introvert? Head or Heart? 4 When out with @ group of your friends, how 1 teyour fiend stared Ga mee the talking do you do? 1 x liked 2 a. hardly any rou Gisll ney someone Spought, WOU b cite a lot ees ‘prutally honest a © almost ail fb be tactful but truth 5 What do you tend to do when you meet new Pela be if necessary people socially? .e with friends and art stick with the people you know ae oreaks out, 60 YOU b_ worry abour how to keep the conversetion | axgument ee eon wtit ane them i 2 a get He PS © mingle with as many new people as possible és ree with 6 Which pair of words best describes. Nu? | you te noise B yo ¢ Wyte 7 @ cautious and thoughtful | Which peir of words ber inquisitive and independent | * eserves your? © lively and energetic gcal and ature ra eye ana mouwated Goring and sensitive Facts or Ideas? i 7 You buy a piece of furniture which you have {© assemble yourself. Do you ... 7 follow the instructions exactly ‘scan the instructions then set them aside © leap in, only referring to the instructions if yOu get stuck When giving divections to your home, do you... @ Provide a step-by-step list of instruct b draw rough map © just give general directions 9 Which pair of words best describes you? @ practical and efficient realistic and enthusiastic © inventive and imaginative === Unit FE —Reading Pars Wwottipte choice HOW te doit () Pead the text quickly fer general meaning Read the question or stem bur mot the Beptiors. Find the part ofthe text that weates tothe Ba {ator remember the questions aren Read the options and eliminate any hate cent wren. tip ‘Choose the option that answers Reriember tat there BD thequesion fulyard accurately. ill he seven ciestions ntheeam. 1 Read the text opposite and note down ‘the main idea of each paragraph. 2 Chowse the correct answer (A, B, C or D) to ‘questions 1-5. and say why the other options are wrong, Question 1 has been done as an example. Example 1 Whet reason is given an the first paraxraph for the increased use of personality iesting? A It is used by 50% of managers, 50% of managers are selected on the basis of these tests B tt has been accepted! by eduentional bodies. * Perscriality tests iiay be used! Ly universities fin the furure. © Research has justified tts nse. ¥ See tins 4-7 1D The tests are riow available on the Intemet. This is true but not the Teason guven for the increased! use of personality rests. 2. What does the writer imply about the test she tried out hersell? A It didn't come up with the right result B_ It wes psychologically challenging. CI was a tedious way to spend her time. 1 It-w2s 100 personal for her liking. 3 The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is hased on the betiet that character traits are largely inherited certain personality tiaite are universal. character is largely decided from birth some personality types are better than others. EDD ois com> What is the problem with personality tesis, accouding to Dr Gil A They cant have 3 negative effect on takers 1B People cant easily Ke about their true abilities © The resulis could he counter-productive for employers. D Employers often find their results to be unreliable. Who! final conclusion doss the weiter reach shout the value of personahty testst A. They are net really worth doing. B They may encourage greater realist. C They are of doubtful salve to employers, D They can strengthen our self-image. T © q e | \ | \ : Paychomejric testing for recruitment — ; assessing personality iraits as en ication cf performance i a eertam role — has rmustitoomed a stuies 5 show ther rests ta be thee times rnne ‘accurate in predicting ‘your job perlonrance than all your previous 10 work experience combined. These tests are now included in Virtually all graduate recruitrrent and in the 4s selection of more than 50 percent of managers. Similar tests may be used in futureas part cl university applications, dating agencies sear by thet and they have been used! to maleh pets to ‘ewrers, Meanviile online personality tests make the 20 Top 3 of Intertit Hits. We'e fiving i the age of the personality tes. 50 does your personality treet the grade? Would you rather Fave a sirong will or strong. emotions? ‘And if you had to dicose between being shipwrecked or Aost in the ingle, which would yoni peeler? 23 For the purposes of research, I decided te tryout one ot these tests, At one particular ste wes informed! of my ‘reer personality and the number one job that matches it statistically, This is @ bey part of the appeal of online tests: the premise that there sa perfect job, a perfect rate, and 40 a perfect you, and all you have to do is unleck your subconscious inner self and they will rateralse. These {ests arc also the perfect solt-ciscovery vehicle fer our ‘altenatedt hi4ech age: intimate but anonymous. 1s Incredibly compulsive: when you get heated on atest, ™4 faye you ever taken a test like this? How useful or ‘nleresting wos e real youfethere for hours. And theres no aspect 35 Of fife too mundane oF fivolous to test for. ‘Aer 40 privates of diligently recording ry reaction to a series of ink blots (' the mood of this picture sad, ‘nostalgic. happy, violent or «9 neutral? Gon you find the ‘chicken in this picture? Gan you find your wite's/ husband's mother?) | discovered | ar tainly 6 hiotivated by peace, | might have been more convinced about this ft hadrit just had a blazing row with my partner (my fault entirely). the tests were only amusing it wculdrt accourt for thei massive popularity tn fact a large number ate decidedly unfunny, ané seduce with prorrises of ‘genuine insight, This istrue of the most popular personality ‘atin the wore: the Nlyers-Briges Type indicator, which ‘jars the pull between tie cult of personality testirg andl its sence Widely used in migior corporations atouind the Wott, its based on the theory that we are bom with a [ecispostion fo one perscriality type which stays more OF Jess fixed throughout life. You answer 68 questions and are then given your ‘type Introvert or Extrovert, Thinking or & Feeling Sersing.or Intutve, and Judging or Perceiving. tf seule introverted, intuitive, Feeling and! Perceptive, youll probaly Find it herder to do work where youre required to etertain, or persuade lots of people, such as a jab in sales or public rations « Gris of testing mutter darkly abou the sodal engineering spect of personality tests, which often seer to be looking D Match ef with meanings 1-6, using the text 10 help you. @ indeair (1.2) 1 argument © emotion (1.22) 2, disadvantage row (1.49) 3 sign insight (1-53) 4 tepling & downside (1.73) (5. typicat behaviour £ tendency (1.99) 6 understanding 3K ‘ » you the same kind of person, Dr Colin Gill, a psychologist specielising in personality testing, agrees that ‘too mary 20 orgarisations always want people with the sane traits: ‘extrovert, agreezble, conscientious and open fo new experience’ But, He wains, these ‘popular’ personality traits have their downside, “in extreme extrovert tents to bea setfsh ‘get on! type, who may walk ever others. Overly- 75 conscientious people are prone to burl cut and people who are extremely open to new experience can be buttetles, sping from one big idea to the rest without mastering any of thei’ All the same, the psychometric fest here fo stay — which may be why 2 whole sub-industey on cheating ‘0 personality fests has sprung up. "Its possible to cheat’, axtiits expert David Bartram, ‘but what's the port? Wriy try to pretend you're ant ambitious extrovert if youre a rrore thougttful introvert? Having to fake the person you are at work 8 will be exhausting andl ‘miserable and probably shortlived* Cur obsession with ‘9 Fenonaity now invailes every aspect of our Ives. Ifyou ask an ‘expert for advice on your wardrobe or the sort of det you should goon, youll probably be quizzed about your Personality. But it srit all self-centred navel gazing. tt ‘55 personality tests have any valve to us (rather than employers) perhaps iti this: to disabuve us of the Musion That all of us are full of potential, end remind! us ct what we are. If that happens to be an averagely ambitious introvert with controling tendencies (as my test resis showed), then 100 50 be iL. As they say in one test when they ask for your age. Fick the one you are, net the one you wish you were.Vocabula TY character adjectives 1) Match character adjectives a-j with meanings 1-10. mature | curious by decisive 2 outgoing © motivated 3 adult 4 sensitive 4 ciming high & inquisitive 5 keen f ambitious 6 withdrawn 6 indepondet 7 wanting te do things well I conscientious 8. self-reliant i introverted 5 fr | extrovert IW aware of people's Feetings 2 Which of the adjectives in | are generally positive and which negative? Give examples. 3. Read the dictionary entry for words similar in meaning te honest. Use this informnation to complele sentences a-c below. waten wort ‘onest si! frank cler fo hat you sy eich 95 Fa you say it: ot honesttark ecmision of sul hey ere -fenerally positive words, although its possible to be too lrankin a way that other people might not like Ditect, ‘utspeken and bluntell deserbe she ranrey ef sar ‘what they think Outspoken sugseststhot you are willing Wo shuck peuple by saying what you believe to be right. Bhuntand direct oer suggest shatyou thirk henest) more important than bein polite. Open postive and escribes sh'scharacter: I'ma Very open person, ou are Lerner Bicheno, 7 ation @ [hope you don’t mind _me being, + but that dress really doesn’? suit you 1b Some journalists are deliberately... ~ they don't eare wha they upset, they just want & good story, © You should ask Nick's opinion. You can rust him to tell you the truth, he's 50 4 Discuss questions a and b. a Which five character adjectives do you think 3 iend would use to describe you? 1h Do you think we are born with certain ebaracter trails, oF is our character formed as we grOW tip? BE net Grammar Review o] tenses cr ricet6 1 Match the verb forms in the sentences below with these tenses. Present Simple Present Perfect Continuous Present Continuous Past Simple Future Simple Past Continuous Future Continuous Past Periect Simple Present Perfect Simple Past Perfect Continuous Since 1 moved here, [ve been learning to drive. Since | moved here, I've leat to drive. b Carla's playing the guitar very well. Carla plays the guitar very well © tt started reining when T left the house, Tt had starved raining when Heft the house 1 (I be getting the dinner ready when you arrive 10 get the dinner ready when you arrive. © When we got to lier house, she cred. When we got to her house, she'd been eryiny. {My brother always tells me what to do. My brother's cnays celling me whar w do, We mere hoviny a party when my sister announced her engagement. We had! a party when my sister announced her engagement. Explain the difference in meaning between the pairs of sentences in 1. Complete sentences a-I using the correct form of the verbs in brackets. a His back was aching because he the garden all day. . (yout father/ work) abroad at present? Matia left college early today’ because she (have) a dental appeintment an hour (i) in b ago. ALAS soon ds if stops raining, We . the dog fora walk © My neighbour coulén’'t stop because tis bus snenes (eave) and he did wart to rss it F For the past six weeks. Poss... (have) singing lessons. 8 Lean’ phone you at that time because 1 é (travel) on Ue underground. fi The photocopy machine nue Ubreak down) twice already and it's not even huinehtime! i Aso ule, we (spend) par\ of each summer at my parents” house: (take)4 Corveet any verbs in ach which are not normally used in a continuous form, 2 These gloves aten’t mine ~ are they belonging to you? bb My gitlfriend doesn’t like perfurnes that are smelling of flowers ~ she prefers something more exotic. © Our teacher said we were all deserving a great «eal of praise for our exart results 4 Are you thinking what I'm thinking ~ that this new outfit just doesn't suit me? € F've always been hating getting up early in the morning, even in the summer. f ‘This manual is containing all the informetion you need to run your new computer software. g At the moment | feel that you really aren’t putting in as much effort as you could with your studies bh The hockey club we're belonging to is always on the lookout for new players. 5. Say which of these verbs are a) never used in a continuous form, or b) can be used in a continuous form but with a change in meaning. like believe know remind detest hear understand belong contain taste prefer mean 6 Match a-j with a suitable ending from 1-10 and explain how the verb tense changes the meaning, a My favourite actor is appearing b_ Umafraid the video appears © The manager is having a Celine has . © Everyone thinks f She's thinking g Working as a wildlife guide really appeals h Our local school is appealing i Lam seeing j Isee a career adviser tomorrow to get advice on working in IT. 2... alot of experience in working with children. 3... a meeting to discuss the new proposal. 4... for funds for a new building 5... in.a new musical in London’s West End. 6... Jose will get the job. 7. ... of buying 2 car in the near future, 8... 10 be broken, 9 tome. 10... nothing but fields when 1 fook out of my bedroom window. Complete sentences a-e with the correct form of the verb. 2 IFyOU 1... (Feel) that I'm being unreasonable, please say so. b Sandra (emell) the blossom on her cherry tree when she was stung by a bee © Even though you've explained i three times now, J still (not see) what you mean. @ Since Iwas 2 young boy, Vs... (have) a fear of heights, (ou/think) you could give me a hand lifting this equipment? Read this extract from an email which was sent to an online penfriend agency, and correct any errors Hi, my name’s Michele. | was born in Geneva, but | fived in Rome forthe past ten year or so. | moved here cause t was wanting to be nearer my grandparents, We trained as nurse after been leaving school but {haven't actually found a jab in nursing yet. At the moment t do temporary workin an offce but | think of taking’ year out next year to travel and see the ‘world. im enjoying outdoor sports and dancing, and | love all sorts of music but especially jazz and reggae Ive played in a band when I wasa student and | stl perform in publicwhen I get the chance. As regare's my personality | think 'm quite eagy to get on with fm laid-back, and t'm having a great sense of humour Write your own email introducing yourself to a penfriend, using the corrected version in 8 as a model.Listening Part 4 Multiple matching Why might someone decide to take up the hobbies and pastimes shown? In 3 you will hear five people talking about their hobbies, First, listen and match the phrases they use (1-7) with the meanings (a~g) a We all had different interests 1 2 b | became really inspired by it, 5 ¢ [was completely taken aback. 4 Ud lost my job. 5 Iwas chattering away about how busy T was, 6 f I'd had some difficulties with my job. 8 1 didn’t have much to occupy myself with. how wodoit 3G) Read the howtodo it box, then listen twice and do the exam task. HE ee thetime allowed to read For 1-5, choose the people's reasons for taking up their new interest (A-H), eee ‘A to recover from an accident Speaker 1 1 iRemennber there are two B to please a relative ¥ juestions for each speaker eee eee i a Petes ie C to be more independent Speaker 2 isting, answer 3s HE honyaustonsasoucantiom 0 € broaden their horizons ania’ bh. F to fil'in time 4 Use the second listening to F to take some exercise eles BE Aver any questions you missed. to express their feelings H to relieve the pressure of work Speaker 5 5 For 6-10, choose the outcome of the speakers’ new interests (A-H) A It’s enabled me to win an award, Speaker 1 B It’s inspired me to be more competitive. € It’s turned out to be quite profitable. Speaker 2 D it's become a kind of obsession, E's restored my faith in hur F It’s made me more cttical of myself G It's reveated a new aspect of my personality 11 It's made me feel less dejected. Speaker 5 Speaker 3 Speaker 4 9, 4 Tell a partner about your hobbies and interests and why you enjoy them. EDD twitSpeaking Pari 1 2 3 4 In pairs, take it in tums to answer questions af. Try to use some of the phrases below. ‘Where were you bom? How long have you been studying English? Have you always been interested in languages? What's your favourite time of the year? How would you describe your character? What are your plans for the future? BB Answering personal questions Well, acually That's ellfcult question but ‘ve never given it much thought but. ‘sa matier of fact (Listen to five students answering an examiner's ‘questions. What different mistakes with tenses do they make? In pairs, ask each other about the subjects in ae. Use the phrases below to help you. your favourite TV programme your ideal job 2 day out you have enjoyed subjects you enjoyed learning at school the kind of music you listen to nance BB Asking for personal information So, tell me what... is. Could you tell me about... 2 {like to know what... is/would be. What would you say .. is/would be? Could you deserite ...? © Listen to the next exam task and how two candidates answered it. Suggest three ways in which they could improve their performance. how to co it WE in Speaking Part you may be asked 10 ‘talk about a ‘variety of topics, €.g. your JB PS eperinces, resent cicumstances future plans, rave, education take IB stte you use the appropriate tenses. 5 in pains, answer questions ad giving reasons. Use the phrases below to help you. Would you like to spend some time working in another country? b Do you think that having a lot of free time is a good or a bad thing? ¢ How necessary is it to have good friends? 4 Which is more important: money or health? Bl Expressing personal views {in my opinion, [think it's essential to | strongly believe that. As faras'm concerned 6 €) Listen toa candidate expressing a persanal view and decide if her attempt is successful. Explain why. Unit UyUse of English Part 3. Word formation 1 Look at the title of the text below. Do you think it is possible to be ‘born lucky’? Why/Why not? 2 Read the text and the how to do it box. Decide which part of speech belongs in gaps 1-10 in the text. 5 Complete the text using the words in CAPITALS in the correct form. Use the lip box to help you. orn Lucky? ‘esearch shows some 0... differences in the 1 oomnnsnan attitude and behaviour of lucky and unlucky. people. If genes affect one’s 2 ‘and behaviour, as they no doubt do, then you can he born lucky. Lucky people tend to create opportunities for good fortune by being extrovert, sociable and using open body language that gets people to respond to them. They are retaxed and 3... and, therefore, they may be more receptive to new opportunities. They also ike change and 4 They might, for instance, alter their routine by thinking ofa colour on their way to party and then speaking to people wearing that colour. This brings about new 5 vnw and the prospect of new friends. Luicky people also have positive 6 _-~ Of life, A famous experiment illustrates tis. Psychologists told American high school teachers certain children in their class were especially 7 In fact, there was nothing 8 about them. The teachers, however, showered them with praise and 9 and the children responded by producing better schoolwork than others. ‘The study shows the power of positive thinking. Yet the converses also true. Finnish researchers divided 2,000 men to ‘negative neutral’ and positive’ groups, depending on their outlook on life. Over a sbcyear petiod, hose inthe ‘negative’ group .. more susceptible to illness and accidents. EG tit 2 how to doit WW Decide what parts of speech you need ‘ou may need to form words with negative BB incanings, or plurals, ‘You may need to make more than one Igy tanse to the word sven heck your spelling carefully. Jy 24501 completed tot for veal sere, NoTICE PsycHaLOGy PERSONAL = APPROACH vary POSSIBLE tt EXPECT Girt EXCEPTION ENCOURAGEmatch each definition (1-3) with sentences a-c. create bw prret)sob “1 Iv) 10 mabe sth happen or ex: Siena agree Stout hes the wns was eed The Yam Purse finery tn rate went «The one la to et mre ols for young peg eae anew diary fd pall your fsbo © 1 ds ra du ere ft Pe ce <> ete at ce [vt produce «pa ‘ula eon rtngrenstan:Thecompuy ing e fate a yung energie ny ©The arocuncee ly Steeda craig cans Thee pened ‘eae ati of warm. 3 to gh sb parla a frie (vu) Thegmermment hereon he new pers © Fin errs barre ie 1715 ‘xr von Lerrer Diary, 7 eon 2 This soft lighting really helps to create a romantic atmosphere. b The council have decided to create a new position for a deputy mayor: © We need to create an educational system which gives equal opportunities to all. Read questions a and b below and think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences. The how toot bax will help you HOW to do it (Rea she thee sentences carly ad make a ik It of wont that could complete each ofthe gar, IB soak foc ore rd that apps inal hee fs then tet again in each erence ‘it the word doesn’t fit each sentence, try other words: from your lists Kemembe tht the werd must be exc these for cay senterce a There is no whatsoever in my mind that this is the only course of action to take. iin. . always go for the easy option. ‘The evidence showed beyond any s.r... that the accused was innocent. b The holiday may .. than we anticipate. much less relaxing, Sally's determined to in her judgement, she has been right ‘The trouble with this job is that you feel you have t0 «sn yourself all the time, Vocabulary Expressions with luck 1 Discuss the mear them with 1-8, then use them to complete a-b. WW with any ck beginner's luck the luck of the draw push your luck take pot luck no such luck be out of luck by a stroke of luck Ml 1 rely on continuing good luck 2. fortunately and unexpectedly 3° success at your first attempt 4 risk the outcome 5 decided by chance 6 unfortunately not 7 if things turn out well 8 not be lucky this time a ‘Did you manage to fix your car?” "ewan It'S a lete write-off You shouldn't You haven't been caught speeding yel but you might bet You may win the lottery — you may not. It's uite simply ‘The only problem with this cheap package holiday I've arranged is you can’t choose your accommodation; you just have to © You » I'm afraid. I've just sold the last copy of that particular book, f F've just realised 've forgotten my house key, But cone ty Wife might be at home. Jane missed the last bus but ....... a friend was passing and gave her a lft, hi Robert won his first professional tennis match but modestly said it was just b 2 When was the last time you were very hucky or unlucky? What happened? witWIiILING par 2 A formal letter weniss aes Inertern three ‘things | ges as dove vit e ‘se rae then ight for thejot tip ‘Start anew pavagraph for each complete chonigeof topic bust avoid oneseitence paragraphs. Try to dude stoic setence summarising the mam ie of the paragraph pant on that idea andor give namplesin the rest ol the porageph. How to doit Read the task caretully and undertine the key words. BBE Brats ess ance te best ones. Bh Destte yrs ontnate a paragraph pian. I Uescres ant proponts where appropriate. Hit 1 Read the writing task below and answer questions a and b. Who are you going 10 write to? For what purpose? 1b What are the three rings you must include? ‘A friend of yours is applying for a job as holiday representative witht an intemational holiday organisation, The conipary has asked you to provide @ character reference for your friend. The reference should indicate how long you have known the person. It must also include a detailed description of the persons character and the reacont: why he br she would be suitable for the job, Vite the reference in approximately 220-260 words. ? items mais ‘4 Whal sort of things might a holiday representative have to dog bh What skills might be needed? © Which personal qualities might be needed for the job? The awe rolrences upponlic) Aan were elit By toe diteren poor ‘Read them and decide which person did not make a plan before starting to vite, Give cramples ofthe effect thls has had on the organisation ofthe reference. 4 Read the references again and do tasks a-c List the linking words in A and B (so, because, ete). Which writer makes better use of them b_ Identify the purpose of each paragraph in B. Identify any useful phrases for references in general 5. Road the question below. then write yeu roferonce, The how's sa! box and ©) will help you, One of your friends hes applied for a job teaching English abroad. ‘They will also supervise pupils aged 10-16 outside school and orgenise games and activities. You have been asked to provide a character reference for your friend, You should say how Jeng you have known your friend! and include a detailed description of their character, You should also give reasons. why be or she would be suitable for the job. ‘Write your reference in 220-260 worls,A Dear Si oF Madam, | am writing to you on behalf of Tuan Fernandez, | feve known Suan for three years. We're in the seme tutorial group at college He is very popular at college anid certainly tows bow to enjoy ie Tian is very fit and heathy, e's Gand af sports “Fen dees lose his temper very often, He be good 2t dealing wit dificlt ‘astorere and thee complaints. Tan's 2 complete extrver, He loves being the cenre of attention. He'd ery enertaing people in your reser In bie free time, Joan ies to Keep it He gos dovn to the gym mest evenings and he suis ard pays fetta He's got lets of friends, He won't havea problem geting on wth his clients “Juan spears Fert English, He will deal easily wth different nationalities in the holiday Aestination He's quite a laid-back persen and he dotsr't panic in difficlt situations. You can rely on hin fo stay cock, calm and collected “Tuan wert in 2 lca har on Saturdays and ows how fo deal with dit people We doesnt ose bis Yep: He's prepared tise, but he can be que frm when is necessary, too. 1 arn sure Tun will bea good lnliday represertative. have no bestetion in recommending bi for the post Yours fethilly. ‘va Garcia Ee To whom it may covcern Reference Fer Parla Gaim L have kreun Facla for apprenmately six yotrs. She 1s a very bubbly, deum-to-earth charactor arch gets on well with poeple cf all ages, 20 abe weld be very pepuler wath helchey groups. Fadla belps run the local youth clio our area 20 che is very, ised te deng wath young poaple. Tha eroancatenal arc leaterslyp sholls she his learnt in ths work sheuld. serve ber well as a beldlay representative. In twos of eras, Fasla « an excellent persen ta have around becaise che 1x dependable and rot uchned te panc or lese her temper. Althcugh never besoy, ohe can take contro! of difficult euctene withavt upsetting angae. Fir thes reaser, I holeve abe wadld defintely be able to cope if. thegs uavt wrong w @ belay srtuaben When it comes to entertamng poeple. Facle is very talented, whch agit come very usefull wher rele as a belly represertatwe. As well as angry ant dercing, she plays the guitar and. often takes part m perferwarces at the yputh cl Is aclesten to porferneng, Paola 5 an accomplished spertsutmas. She wa strong suinwvor ach & qualifee hfequard. Ker favewite sperts welude seubt-claing, andecirfirg ard waterskiing, at wheh she hea reechedt competiten level. With her erthusaste, commonsense appresch, abe weld. ensure hidaywakers have safe access te a full range of beuch actvibes Tr my cpnen, Facla weld make an excellent behday representatnr, T hive wo hesidaten w recommending ber to your cenpay Yours Fast, Aatene Calender er UnitReview 1 Match character adjectives a-h with their opposite meting introvert 1 uninterested decisive 2 careless sensitive 3 outgoing inquisitive 4 thick-skinned mature 5 unmotivated independent 6 childish conscientious 7 helpless ambitious 8 vague 2 Complete the adjectives defined in a-h. 3. For questions a-c, think of one word only which can diplomatic about what you say rational and reasonable ‘concerned or interested in others helpful and considerate hesitant about your actions ‘excited or passionate sensible and realistic ‘creative and imaginative be used appropriately in all three sentences. Everyone wished her the best of university and hoped she would enjoy it at Jenny won the competition at her first attempt = perhaps it was beginner's «jens | ‘There is no such thing a5... of creating our own good fortune. If you ask Colin for advice, he will always give you TiS nsec Opinion. Tobe _., [thought Susan’s advice was terrible. 1 don’t think Brian's ever done an .. work in his entire life, ‘The waxwork looked so ‘was an actual person, With so much strong competition, we have to be survival Do you think, in terms, we really can afford to go travelling next year? ED tit | We are capable day's that I thought it .. about our company’s long-term chances of Complete the expressions with luck in ah. 2 broke my grandmother's favourite vase but, by @-csestée Of htc, [found an identical one in a shop down the road. Some things in life you have no choice about = it’s just the luck of the «s € Sony, YOUTE essen OF LUCK! We sold the last newspaper five minutes ago, @ We aim to set out early and, Juck, we should acrive before dark. eI thought 1 might get the job but such Itick, They gave it ta someone else. f Let's just . pot Tuck and see where ‘we can book a last mimute holiday to. § Helen managed to get a film part after her first audition but she said it was just tuck! h Tknow everything seems to be going, swimmingly at the moment bur just remember = you shouldn't your luck! . any Fill in missing words 1-14 in this job reference. {fam writing t you on =~ 1 0f Belinda Morris, who has .... 210 bea trainee manager in your restaurant. Belinda is very ively, nen 30 earth character WhO aecesesese ‘on well with people of all ages. She has worked asa waitress during the summer holidays in our hotel, soshe’s Sto dealing ball kinds of customers, The organisational skills she has. learnt should 7 her well ee 2 restaurant MAMAReE IN anny. 9 OF CS, She isan excellent person to . 1 around because she doesn’t panic. WHEN it aorcnesie H 10 making people feel at case, Belinda is an expert. What's... 1, she has a great sense of humour, In yon 1, she would make an excellent manager. | have no .. iy recommending her.Lead in 1 Discuss the following questions. a What annual festivals or celebrations take place in your country? b When do they happen and. what do they involve? © What do you know about their origins? 2 What do you imagine happens at the festivals shown in the photost ang 3 © Listen to two people talking about the two festivals shown and choose the best answer to questions 1-4. 1 The Kattenwoensdog festival dates back to @ time when 4 local people hegan to breed cats in the town’s, Cloth Fal. bb Tocal cats had been unsuccessful in ridding the town of rodents, © local people decided that the town cats had ullived their usefulness, See What happened when the speaker visited the Kattenwoensdog festival? a Everyone taking part in the parade was dressed as a cat b The bad weather failed 10 spoil the carnival atmosphere. © Spectators rushed to buy a toy cat from the jester. 3. What is one of the rules of La ‘Tomatina? a You must be a member of a team to join in. b The tomatoes must be crushed before you 2 throw them. © Tourists are not allowed 10 hit locals. © 4 What happens at the end of La Tomatina? a Trucks arrive to clear away all the mess. b_ Free tomato juice is given away. z © You can wash in specially provided showers, 4 ell a partner about any festivals that you have oo been to or would like to go to. Unit2 EYThere's little beyond the remote Malian town of Timbouctou but a vast expanse of desert. Most people consider it the end of the Earth, and even its residents rarely venture north into the Sahara, But for one day in January, 2 host of musicians, politicians, tourists and technicians gather in the town's market place, preparing to head north into ‘the dunes. As people fill their jeeps with diesel and supplies and travellers send quick postcards home, It's hard not to get swept up in the excitement and anticipation of the remotest music festival on Earth. } The Tuareg, 2 nomadic group who inhabit the Sahara, have « more appropriate form of transport, arriving on white camels from every direction. In all, there are 800 of them at the festival. Itisrt surprising, because the event grew out of an annual Tuareg get-together. iz As the Tuareg cook over campfires, the tourists settle Into their tents and explore the festival site. But soon everyone is beating a path towards the concreted stage, strange sight In the middle of scrub and sand. The sun goes down and charcoal brazlers light up the dunes. Then bands from Mali and neighbouring countries like Senegal, Niger and Mauritania take the stage, playing calabashes, utes. and talking drums. There's a group of dancers from [Niger decorated with beads and covered in body paint. There are Western performers too, although some are not to everyone's taste.As one group hit their electric guitars and yell into the microphones, ‘an old Malian lady claps her hands over her ears and scuttles of. 3 ‘Asa tourist attraction, the festival is Infancy-There are no more than 500 foreigners inits Readi NY Part2 Gapped text 1 what music festivals are there in your country? ead the main text for general mean festival in the dese 235 present, most of whom fee! lucky to be witnessing something‘authertie, Beyond the odd soft drinks stall there is litte sign of the sponsorship or the profit mmetive that underpin most World Music festivals. 4 1A music festival may seem an odd mechanism for 40 kickstarting tourism all year round, but thisis the Intention. nthe eyes of Ndiaye Bab, Ma's minister lof tourism and handicrafts, Malian music is already cone of the country’s main draws, making the festival ‘an obvious place to start. She is convinced that the north contains enough potential to support year round tourism. n fact mast people agree that tourism growth Is the only way forward for the Tuareg. The north of Mali is the poorest part of the country. As Bah explains, there are few opportunites ‘a for the Tuareg. They need people to come and buy randicrafts and stay in local hotels, to bring employment and development to the region. 5 But this sort of envy only exists between the Tuareg because the festival is seen to be a good thing. In 55 fact, for now, the event enjoys almost universal support. And similar events are springing up in neighbouring countries ike Naucitania too, with the Tuareg organisers of the Festival in the Desert fast becoming consultants, 6 @ The Tuateg dance and sing, Dicko explains, and afterwards they talk about their problems. He is studying to be a doctor in Timbouctou and his village is far away. At the festival he can meet his family and other people from his village for the firs. time in two years. Perhapsits to people such as. DDicko, who've given up the nomadic lifestyle to live in towns such as Timbouctou, that the festival brings the greatest pleasure. ne ‘Look for grammar and vocabulary links before Who goes? What happens? BB and after each gap and in the paragraphs ne easiest gaps first to reduce the wurmber 2 Read the article about a music festival in the ws Sahara, and match paragraphs A-G with gaps 1-6. Then try the extra paragraph in each gap again ‘There is one extra paragraph. Find links in the text Read the complete text again for grammar and and use the words in italies to help you. ‘overall sense EA wwitz ~ —A With such obvious popularity, wo knows what the +0 future may hold for the Timbouctou festival. But for now, at leas. it still etains its original purpose as a get-together for ‘the Tuareg people themselves, B tut cespte this lack of commercialism, there's no doubt thatthe benefits of tourism are there for local people. The Tuareg stroll between the tents setting out purses, ‘compasses and swords for tourists to buy or offering camel tides Dicko, my young Tuareg friend, explains that cash Spent by tourists filters back into the Sahara. The Tuareg, it ‘seems, bring with them jewellery and handicrafts made by 1 people in ther villages. They sell these at the festival and tse the morey to buy maize, sugar and millet in Timbouctouwhich they take back to the villages C inact, as the event’s organiser Manny Ansar explains, Tuoreg heve been meeting at this oasis for centuries. this ' spot they heve traditionally arranged martiages, swapped ews raced carnels and made music. They decided to open the music festival to enable their musicians to mix with thers and because they felt it was time for their ‘community to get in touch with the outside world, 6 D Meanwhile, the sustainability ofthe festival itself has been called into question, Westerners say that ifthe festival ¢ There was a long delay before the c As the bands began to play, we all got One old lady’s reaction showed clearly that rock music was not 10 her {The festival only started a few years ago so it’s still in its g Traditional music is one of the country’s main hh There are few concems about the enviroramental.. ‘The claim that the festival will remain’authentic has been catied into b. We sat at the hack of the crowd but just within gets too big, it will lose its authentic feel, And anyway it Appears to have reached capacity already — tempers got so fraypdthat.a Dutch woman wha was queuing for ane of the 55 two small ferries struck a driver for jumping the queue, E to get sar asTinbouctu,t spent tee days diving from Mal capita armako, and fou hours queuing for 8. smal fry ove the River Niger But asthe orwoy/ of four Tees! hes esd! to the cues cog up ane Se ‘iti became dear thatthe final stretch va the biciest pat ela [one The Hack wise Inc ete ies beta ere ek hea eric eet ed ce fold me thal tht jeep had broen down within earshot of the must but they hadrt dared vntute on foot nt the Tr Ucsef aam totes ithe Cle Tra ek ca found that the festa ste was ust ten nutes aay from where they had been sleeping F There are few concems about the environmental impact, of the festival. Every single plastic bottle is taken away by the nw Tuareg for use in the desert. But conflict between Tuareg ‘could be more of a problem. An elderly man complains that the festival started out as a moveable event with a different site each year, bringing benefits to different parts of the Sahara. Butfor the past two years it has been held in the 115 same place because Iti easier to build a permanent stage in the dunes here.'Why can't we have a festival where I come from?" he asks. GS but while rock groups might not produce the desired effect on everybody at the festival, Tuareg bands do, and they 1 feature mote prominently than any others. Their Tuareg fans watch from the seats of thelr carves. From the ground, i's hard to see over the hundreds of indigo turbans that are standard attire forthe tribesmen. This is clearly a Tuareg event, but there is litle sense of being an outsider. As shovel sand to try to gain some height, my Tuareg neighbours usher me forward for 2 better view. The sense of intimacy and respect ariong the small crowe is remarkable, Complete the phrases in a-h with 1-8, then rephrase the sentences in your own words. 1 draws of the music 2 earshot ert began and tempers got very i 3. impact up in the excitement 4 frayed question 6 infancy 7 swept of the festival 8 taste 4 What positive and negative effects might tourism have on traditional festivals like this? Unit2 EAVocabulary Easily confused words (1) 1 Choose the correct verbs in ah to complete (he exllocations. aT wasn’t enjoying myself so |. sand lell, (Gid)/put /zsade) 1b The director promised my sister a part in the tlm and he'd better .....feés wend. (heep/held/tal) © We're planning to .........a party te celebrae Tina’s good news, (aeke/throys/do) He @ lio when the police interviewed fin and now he's in big trouble. (told/selt/sroke) © The first chapter of « book usually the scene lor What happens later. (lays/uts/ses). { Bveryone else was furious when one man .. the que far tickets. (avertock /jumpee iss) 2 Thar film was so complicated — Ldidn't nnn ele what vas going on! (Fellow /get/bave) hts very hard to... @ living as an actot. (cars /get/gain) an excuse ‘Read the dictionary entry below to find the adverb that coflocates best with disappoirited. Then choose the most suitable word in sentences a-c. Check your ideas in your dictionary. disappointed o jennie a0 ‘= aty sh) ~ babs) | ~ bose, bear) Titer.) |— (pat ta be set Ie a hoe ‘tas cat baryon or binned sees dntespect gy wre mer lacppamet hep db ego ct war cpa te get of wae i doapptiniad orgcu trey Ought IretyeolsIwcowy dapremndah ome» Heme Sera oa ih nity tu po & Fn Sep ayo Aung tenrers Lenore, heen 4 Amanda's (highly/fully) competitive with hor ‘more successjul older sister: bit was (immediately /cleatly) obvious that there was no way we could reach the airport in time. © She is an exuemely strict teacher and expects (whole/tctal) obedience from her pupils. Complete questions a-c, using your answers trom 1 above, then discuss each question. 4 Do you generally queue in your country? What happens if you ....... the queue? by How would you most like (0 © Hos anyone ever not What happened? Unit2 a living? their wou! tei you? Grammar Gerunds and infinitives a@pinan 1 Put these verbs into three columns as shown below. avoid want flee deny —protoise: enjoy exper fancy hep tisk offer prefer deserve eg conte praise threaten manage miss Jove: refuse ini by —ollowed by lolowed by ind infirtive+ fo gerund or nf and eget he Which of the verbs in 1 ean also be immediately followed by a that cleutse? Coraplete these sentences with an appropriate verb in the correct form. @ Our foorball team deserves .....,.. because they ave trained so bard. b One of the suspects has denied .....— part in, the robbery. © My sister is hoping ‘with eur netional aidline. We lost the car keys hut we managed the car by turning 4 piece of wire in the ignition! I'm disappointed that my favourite groups have refusert at the (estival {Since my’ grondmother moved to another town, really miss hhor every day. 4 job as a stewardess What time is the President expected a the airport? bh Admed potice threatened the gunmen if they did not release the hastages. Match each vert (in both. the gerund! an! infinitive form) with definitions a j. sep ity do something fo see whut Lappens as 4 resull be sony for something you've dene Intend to do something, rot forget that something must he done stop something yaur've been ding, invalve or require something be sony aboult someting you're going to da stop one thing to do something else not forget something which has alreadly happened se if i'S possible 10 do something remember regret mean Anima ret A piesUse the verb in brackets to complete a-e in two ways: first with the gerund and then the infinitive. @ I didn't remember (invite) my neighbour to my barbecue so bb wish for once you'd stop (think) about © (like our neighbours, but I regret (say) that My six-month-old nephew has just tried (eat) . @ ... meant (get) my hair cut Complete sentences ah with one of the prepositions below and an appropriate gerund. Bo a fr wo of in a I'm not very keen ‘when the sea is this rough but I'll come if you insist. b Are you looking forward getting a job? ¢ In trying to take a shortcut actoss the fields, we only succeeded ........ completely lost. d Tapologise profusely ..:..... you waiting in the cold for so long. My classmates insisted mea birthday present even though I said I didn’t want one. f Ifyou carry about people behind their backs, you'll soon end up with no friend: 8 F've never been very 00d... letters but 1 regularly telephone my grandparents in Australia hy My brother is thinking abroad, maybe as, a tour guide. ‘school and Gross out fo where it is not needed with the infnitives in these sentences. 2 don't think politicians should be allowed to get away with the lies they tell. b Ifyou let that boy to do whatever he wants, you'll really live to regret it. rarely be made to da what they don't hut you can often make someone t6 da something through persuasion. That looks like a nasty cut ~ I'd advise you to get medical attention at once. ¢ My parents helped me to buy a small flat in the suburbs, £ You had better not to tell anyone what we've just been discussing. & It's just typical that when someone's watching you to do something, you make a right mess of it. 8 Complete these sentences with an object and an infinitive with or without to as appropriate, a When Twas a child, my parents wouldn’t let b The water in the resort wasn’t clean enough t0 drink s¢ our holiday rep advised € 1 woke up suddenly and thought t heard d_ know it may sound unreasonable but I'd rather © Love sitting by the lake watching 3 Complete 1-13 with an appropriate form of the verb in old ("ve always wanted .. 1 do something really adventurous so when, in my final year at university, 1 was invited... 2 join a wildlife expedition to the Amazon, I didn't stop 3 think. | just said ‘yes'! looked forward to . explore the forests and dreamt Of »..-eu. 5 discover a species new to science. | also hoped _....... 6 film a japuar as these animals are of special interest 1o me. The trip would ‘trugele through thick jungle and knew we risked be bitten by insects and snakes. My girlfriend was so worried about me that she threatened ‘burn my plane ticket! In the event, I managed. 10 avoid any kind of disaster. I watched a giant stiake .. ‘Veatch a monkey, tut that was the nearest | came to any’ danger. | really enjoyed .. 12 see such a huge variety of wildlife and | would like a... 13 80 back to the Amazon again ane day, that’s for sure. Unit2 Ey