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Signal Conditioning Audio Amplifiers
Signal Conditioning Audio Amplifiers
100
5
10 1 k
Voltage (V)
680
470
15
330
20 220
100
25
10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
Frequency (Hz)
34
Analog and Mixed-Signal Products www.ti.com/sc/analogapps July 2001 Analog Applications Journal
Texas Instruments Incorporated Signal Conditioning: Audio Amplifiers
35
Analog Applications Journal July 2001 www.ti.com/sc/analogapps Analog and Mixed-Signal Products
Signal Conditioning: Audio Amplifiers Texas Instruments Incorporated
Potentiometer action
RS
The gain at points between the ends of the potentiometer
wiper travel is more difficult to calculate. It will combine
both non-inverting and inverting gains. Superficially, the
circuit looks like a differential amplifier stage, but the
resistor values are not balanced for differential operation. (b)
This leads to an unusual taper for the potentiometer. One
value of resistance for the potentiometer, in this case
20 k, has 12 gain/loss at the 5% and 95% settings,
R6
100 k
R7
100 k
VIN R1 +
+ +
C3 +
3.3 k VOUT
10 F
R2 10 k C4
10 F
VCC /2 R3
C2
3.3 k
R4
C1
+
R5
VCC /2
Stage 1
Stage 2
...
Stage N 1
Stage N
36
Analog and Mixed-Signal Products www.ti.com/sc/analogapps July 2001 Analog Applications Journal
Texas Instruments Incorporated Signal Conditioning: Audio Amplifiers
Voltage (V)
in less improvement and will start to 0
limit the bandwidth of the op amp. The
best compromise is probably 10 k. 5
Figure 6 shows the schematic of
the equalizer. Capacitors C3 and C4 10
ac-couple the input and output,
respectively. The first stage is an 15
inverting unit gain buffer that insures 10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
that the input is buffered to drive a Frequency (Hz)
large number of stages. It also allows
easy injection of the half-supply volt-
age to the equalization stages. The
equalization stages are shown by the
dotted lines. R5 is selected to be 100 k. There may be Definition of Q:
some slight variation of R4 and R5 values to make capaci- X
tor values reasonable. The component values of the equal- Q = L , where R is R4
ization stages are given in Appendix A. R
37
Analog Applications Journal July 2001 www.ti.com/sc/analogapps Analog and Mixed-Signal Products
Signal Conditioning: Audio Amplifiers Texas Instruments Incorporated
25
20
15
10
5
Voltage (V)
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
Frequency (Hz)
25
20
15
10
5
Voltage (V)
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
Frequency (Hz)
25
20
15
10
5
Voltage (V)
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
Frequency (Hz)
38
Analog and Mixed-Signal Products www.ti.com/sc/analogapps July 2001 Analog Applications Journal
Texas Instruments Incorporated Signal Conditioning: Audio Amplifiers
25
20
15
10
5
Voltage (V)
0
5
10
15
20
25
10 100 1k 10 k 100 k
Frequency (Hz)
39
Analog Applications Journal July 2001 www.ti.com/sc/analogapps Analog and Mixed-Signal Products
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