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4 ICN Slides Addressing 2016
4 ICN Slides Addressing 2016
4 ICN Slides Addressing 2016
Network Addressing
Peter Gallert
1 Addresses
Introduction
MAC
IP
2 IP Address Space
Address Classes
Special IP Addresses
IP Network Design
Address Space Preservation
Outline
1 Addresses
Introduction
MAC
IP
2 IP Address Space
Address Spaces
Address Spaces
Address Spaces
Address Spaces
A Letter Head
To: Peter Gallert
P.O. Box 25520
Windhoek, Namibia
Re: DSTV Subscription Fee
A Letter Head
To: Peter Gallert
P.O. Box 25520 ==> Worldwide address, line 1
Windhoek, Namibia ==> Worldwide address, line 2
Re: DSTV Subscription Fee
A Letter Head
To: Peter Gallert ==> Local address
P.O. Box 25520 ==> Worldwide address, line 1
Windhoek, Namibia ==> Worldwide address, line 2
Re: DSTV Subscription Fee
A Letter Head
To: Peter Gallert ==> Local address
P.O. Box 25520 ==> Worldwide address, line 1
Windhoek, Namibia ==> Worldwide address, line 2
Re: DSTV Subscription Fee ==> Reference
A Letter Head
To: Peter Gallert
P.O. Box 25520 ==> Worldwide address, line 1
Windhoek, Namibia ==> Worldwide address, line 2
Re: DSTV Subscription Fee
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Ethernet Addresses
Properties of IP Addresses
Properties of IP Addresses
Properties of IP Addresses
Properties of IP Addresses
Properties of IP Addresses
Subnet Masks
Subnet Masks
Subnet Masks
Subnet Masks
Example
binary:
binary:
Example
binary:
binary:
Example
binary:
Example
binary:
Example
Example
Example
Outline
1 Addresses
2 IP Address Space
Address Classes
Special IP Addresses
IP Network Design
Address Space Preservation
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Examples
10.0.0.5
1 10=00001010 binary
2 Therefore must be class A
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.0.0.0
200.100.3.6
1 200=11001000 binary
2 Therefore must be class C
3 Therefore has default subnet mask 255.255.255.0
Network Number
Network Number
Network Number
Network Number
Network Number
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary:
Host bits:
Change host bits to zero:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits:
Change host bits to zero:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to zero:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to zero: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to zero: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back: 192.168.64.0/24
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to zero: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back: 192.168.64.0/24
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to zero
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The IP address 192.168.64.171/24 is in network
192.168.64.0/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary:
SM binary:
AND:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
SM binary:
AND:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
SM binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
AND:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
SM binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
AND: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
SM binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
AND: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back: 192.168.64.0/24
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
SM binary: 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
AND: 11000000.10101000.01000000.00000000
Convert back: 192.168.64.0/24
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary:
Host bits:
Change host bits to one:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits:
Change host bits to one:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to one:
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to one: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back:
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to one: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back: 192.168.64.255/24
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
In binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Host bits: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Change host bits to one: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back: 192.168.64.255/24
Manual calculation:
1 Convert IP address into binary
2 Determine the host bits as indicated by subnet mask
3 Change all host bits to one
4 Convert back into dotted decimal notation
Result: The broadcast address of the network to which IP address
192.168.64.171/24 belongs is 192.168.64.255/24.
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary:
Inverted SM binary:
OR:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Inverted SM binary:
OR:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Inverted SM binary: 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
OR:
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Inverted SM binary: 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
OR: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back:
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Inverted SM binary: 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
OR: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back: 192.168.64.255/24
Example
IP address with subnet mask: 192.168.64.171/24
IP binary: 11000000.10101000.01000000.10101011
Inverted SM binary: 00000000.00000000.00000000.11111111
OR: 11000000.10101000.01000000.11111111
Convert back: 192.168.64.255/24
Private IP Addresses
An address block is a contiguous set of consecutive IP
addresses. Its size is given by a prefix (like a subnet mask).
Polytechnic has been allocated the 196.31.225.0/24 classC
address block.
How do we cater for more than 5000 computers if we have only
254 worldwide unique IP addresses?
We use private IP addresses, and we translate them into official
addresses only for the duration of network communication.
The technology is called Network Address Translation (NAT),
covered in IWT310S.
Private address blocks are the following:
1 10.0.0.0/8 in ClassA,
2 172.16.0.0/12 in ClassB,
3 192.168.0.0/16 in ClassC.
Private addresses are not routed through the Internet.
Peter Gallert (FCI) Introduction to Computer Networking 1st Semester 2016 29 / 31
IP Address Space Address Space Preservation
Private IP Addresses
An address block is a contiguous set of consecutive IP
addresses. Its size is given by a prefix (like a subnet mask).
Polytechnic has been allocated the 196.31.225.0/24 classC
address block.
How do we cater for more than 5000 computers if we have only
254 worldwide unique IP addresses?
We use private IP addresses, and we translate them into official
addresses only for the duration of network communication.
The technology is called Network Address Translation (NAT),
covered in IWT310S.
Private address blocks are the following:
1 10.0.0.0/8 in ClassA,
2 172.16.0.0/12 in ClassB,
3 192.168.0.0/16 in ClassC.
Private addresses are not routed through the Internet.
Peter Gallert (FCI) Introduction to Computer Networking 1st Semester 2016 29 / 31
IP Address Space Address Space Preservation
Private IP Addresses
An address block is a contiguous set of consecutive IP
addresses. Its size is given by a prefix (like a subnet mask).
Polytechnic has been allocated the 196.31.225.0/24 classC
address block.
How do we cater for more than 5000 computers if we have only
254 worldwide unique IP addresses?
We use private IP addresses, and we translate them into official
addresses only for the duration of network communication.
The technology is called Network Address Translation (NAT),
covered in IWT310S.
Private address blocks are the following:
1 10.0.0.0/8 in ClassA,
2 172.16.0.0/12 in ClassB,
3 192.168.0.0/16 in ClassC.
Private addresses are not routed through the Internet.
Peter Gallert (FCI) Introduction to Computer Networking 1st Semester 2016 29 / 31
IP Address Space Address Space Preservation
Private IP Addresses
An address block is a contiguous set of consecutive IP
addresses. Its size is given by a prefix (like a subnet mask).
Polytechnic has been allocated the 196.31.225.0/24 classC
address block.
How do we cater for more than 5000 computers if we have only
254 worldwide unique IP addresses?
We use private IP addresses, and we translate them into official
addresses only for the duration of network communication.
The technology is called Network Address Translation (NAT),
covered in IWT310S.
Private address blocks are the following:
1 10.0.0.0/8 in ClassA,
2 172.16.0.0/12 in ClassB,
3 192.168.0.0/16 in ClassC.
Private addresses are not routed through the Internet.
Peter Gallert (FCI) Introduction to Computer Networking 1st Semester 2016 29 / 31
IP Address Space Address Space Preservation
Private IP Addresses
An address block is a contiguous set of consecutive IP
addresses. Its size is given by a prefix (like a subnet mask).
Polytechnic has been allocated the 196.31.225.0/24 classC
address block.
How do we cater for more than 5000 computers if we have only
254 worldwide unique IP addresses?
We use private IP addresses, and we translate them into official
addresses only for the duration of network communication.
The technology is called Network Address Translation (NAT),
covered in IWT310S.
Private address blocks are the following:
1 10.0.0.0/8 in ClassA,
2 172.16.0.0/12 in ClassB,
3 192.168.0.0/16 in ClassC.
Private addresses are not routed through the Internet.
Peter Gallert (FCI) Introduction to Computer Networking 1st Semester 2016 29 / 31
IP Address Space Address Space Preservation
End of Chapter
Any questions?