17 Reinforced Concrete Design

Design of Column 1

Column load transfer from beams and slabs

Type of Columns

Strength of Short Axially Loaded Columns

Column Failure by Axial Load

Lateral Ties and Spirals

Mongkol JIRAVACHARADET

SURANAREE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SCHOOL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
Tributary Area

When loads are evenly distributed over a surface, it is often possible to assign
portions of the load to the various structural elements supporting that surface
by subdividing the total area into tributary areas corresponding to each member.

Half the load of the table goes

to each lifter.

6m

3m
Half the 100 kg/m2 snow load on the cantilevered 100 kg/m2
roof goes to each column.

The tributary area for each column is 3 m x 3 m.

So the load on each column is

100 (3 x 3) = 900 kg
Column load transfer from beams and slabs

1) Tributary area method: Half distance to adjacent columns

Load on column = area floor load

y
y

x x
 6m

6m

4.5 m

9m 12 m 9m

All area must be tributed to columns

C1 C3 C3 C1
6m

C2 C4 C4 C2

6m

C2 C4 C4 C2

4.5 m
C1 C3 C3 C1

9m 12 m 9m

C1 : Corner column C3 : Exterior column

C2 : Exterior column C4 : Interior column

2) Beams reaction method:

Collect loads from adjacent beam ends

B1 B2

B4
RB1 RB2
B1 C1 B2
RB1 RB2

B3
 Load summation on column section for design

ROOF

Load on 2nd floor column

Design section
2nd FLOOR = Roof floor + Column wt.

Load on 1st floor column

Design section = load on 2nd floor column
+ 2nd floor + Column wt.
1st FLOOR Ground level

Load on pier column

Design section = load on 1st floor column
+ 1st floor + Column wt.
Footing

 
  

 
C1 (A-6)

RB2   RB2 = 5280 kg

RB4 = 4800 kg
3.50 m RB19 = 4416 kg
T1 RB4

 T1
Col.Wt.
=
=
960 kg
756 kg
RB19 0.3 x 0.3 m Floor load = 16212 kg

B5 
 2B5 = 10764 kg
2B4 = 14736 kg
3.50 m Col.Wt. = 756 kg
B4 B4
  Floor load = 26256 kg
Cum. load = 42468 kg
B5 0.3 x 0.3 m

B5   2B5 = 10764 kg

2B4 = 14736 kg
1.50 m Col.Wt. = 576 kg
B4 B4
 Floor load = 26076 kg
Cum. load = 68544 kg
B5 0.4 x 0.4 m
Type of Columns

Tie Spiral

Longitudinal
steel
s = pitch

Tied column Spirally reinforced column

Strength of Short Axially Loaded Columns
Short columns are typical in most building columns.

P0

Steel
fy

Stress
f c
Section A-A A A Concrete

.001 .002 .003

Strain
 P0

[ Fy = 0 ]
P0 = Ast fy + fc( Ag Ast )
From experiment:
f c
P0 = Ast fy + 0.85fc( Ag Ast )
fy fy
where
Fs = Ast fy
Ag = Gross area of column section
Fc = (Ag - Ast) f c
Ast = Longitudinal steel area
 Column Failure by Axial Load
Pu

Heavy spiral
Initial failure
Pu ACI spiral
Light
Axial load

Tied column spiral

0
Axial deformation



 


 :
U = 1.4D + 1.7L




:
U = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L + 1.7W)

 U = 0.9D + 1.3W

"#

() :


   = 0.75


  = 0.70

&'(
)**+&
,
&'( ACI
1) 

!
"# 
2) &'
  9 ".". 


) DB32 * 
&'
  12 ".". 


) DB36 *  DB40
3) 
!
! (s)
s 16 


s 48 
 

s ,"
 
4) "") * 

."!/ 135o * 
."!"
 "
!/ 15 0".
x x x x

x 15 cm x > 15 cm

x x x x

x x

x x

x 15 cm x > 15 cm

&
'

Initial shape Pu
f2
Spiral

Final shape
f2

Increase of compressive strength due to lateral pressure:

ff = fc + 4.1f2
Good design: Strength lost by spalling = Strength gain from f2

( Ag Acore )(0.85fc) = Acore (4.1f2 ) 1

 hcore

Core
s
s

Ab fy
Spiral
Ab fy
[ Fx = 0 ] hcore s f2 = 2 Ab fy

2 Ab fy
f2 = 2
hcore s
2 1

Ag 4.1(2 Ab fy )
1 (0.85fc) = 3
Acore hcore s
 Ab hcore 4 Ab
Define: s = =
( hcore
2
/ 4)s hcore s

s 3

0.42fc Ag
s = 1
fy Acore

Rounding 0.42 to 0.45,

0.45fc Ag
ACI Code: s = 1
fy Acore
)**+&
,
&
'
1) Minimum width or diameter: hmin 20 cm

2) Reinforcement ratio: 1% g 8% (usually 5%)

3) Can use bundled bars in corners ( 4)

4) 2.5 cm Clear stirrup spacing 8 cm

5) Spiral diameter: db 9 mm

6) Lap splices: Lsp min { 48 db , 30 cm }

Minimum Cover for Column Reinforcement

Condition Reinforcement Min. Cover

Cast against earth all sizes 7 cm

Exposed to weather DB20 - DB60 5 cm

or earth DB16 and smaller 4 cm

No exposure main reinforcement, 4 cm

ties, and spirals
Limits on percentage of reinforcement

0.01 g = Ast / Ag 0.08

Lower limit: To prevent failure mode of plain concrete

Upper limit: To maintain proper clearances between bars

ACI Strength Provision: Pu  Pn

Spirally reinforced column:

Pn = 0.85[0.85fc( Ag Ast ) + fy Ast ], = 0.75

Tied column:

Pn = 0.80[0.85fc( Ag Ast ) + fy Ast ], = 0.70

Working Stress Design (WSD) of Short Column

Spirally reinforced column:

P = Ag (0.25fc + fs g ), g = Ast / Ag
Tied column:

P = 0.85 Ag (0.25fc + fs g ), g = Ast / Ag

where fs = 0.40fy but not exceed 2,100 kg/cm2

Length Effects
ACI permits neglect of length effect when

kLu M
34 12 1 for braced system M1 M1
r M2

where (34 - 12M1/M2) may not exceed 40

+ -
M1 = The smaller bending moment

M2 = The larger bending moment

M2 M2
M1/M2 is positive for single curvature

and negative for double curvature

kLu
22 for unbraced system
r
Example 11.1 Design for Pure Compression
Design a concentrically loaded square column with ties providing lateral
reinforcement. Service dead and live loads are 180 and 90 tons, respectively
The column has an unsupported height of 3.0 m and is braced against
sidesway. Use fc = 240 kg/cm2 and fy = 4,000 kg/cm2.

1) Determine required strength

Pu = 1.4D + 1.7L = 1.4(180) + 1.7(90) = 405 tons

2) Check column slenderness. Assume an 50-cm square column

k = 1.0 for braced compression member

r = 0.3(50) = 15 cm I/A =
1 4 2
12
h /h = ( )
1/12 h

kLu 1.0 3.0 100 Neglect length

= = 20 < 34 12(M1 / M2 ) = 22 effects
r 15
3) Design for column reinforcement

Required Pn = Pu/ = 405/0.70 = 578.6 ton

for tied column: Pn = 0.80[0.85fc( Ag Ast ) + fy Ast ]

578.6 1,000 = 0.80(0.85240(5050 - Ast) + 4,000Ast)

Ast = 56.2 cm2

USE 12DB25 (Ast = 58.9 cm2, g = 2.36%)

50 cm
4) Select lateral reinforcement 12DB25
RB9@0.40
USE RB9 ties with DB25 longitudinal bars

Spacing not greater than: 16 (2.5) = 40 cm 50 cm

48 (0.9) = 43.2 cm
column size = 50 cm
USE RB9 @ 40 cm