lgikIf ;dfrf/ / k|:6 ljrf/sf nflu
www.janakhabar.com
jif{ !), c+s #*,
gof zlQmdf ;+s6
e/fO{ ofbasf] z/0fdf
sf7df8f}F . gofF zlQmsf g]tf 8f=
afa'/fd e/fO{ cGtt pk]Gb| ofbasf]
z/0fdf k'u]sf 5g\. /fhgLltdf
cfk"mn] ;f]r] hlt pknlAw xfl;n
ug{ g;s] kl5 pgL ofbasf] z/0f
lng afWo ePsf x'g\. tfTsfnLg
dfcf]jfbL If]qLo Jo"/f] ;b:o /x]sf
/fli6o kl/ro kqdf uDeL/ uNtL ;fOa/ ck/fwn] ;Ldf gfb}
sf7df8f}F . ;/sf/n] dxTjsf+Iffsf
;fy NofPsf] /fli6o kl/ro kqdf
uDeL/ uNtL e]l6Psf] 5. kl/ro
^ nfv #( xhf/ ;jf/L ;fwg sf/afxLdf
sf7df8f}F. dxfgu/Lo 6flkms
k|x/L dxfzfvfn] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf
cfly{s jif{ @)&#&$ df ^ nfv
#( xhf/ ^!! ;jf/L;fwgnfO{
sf/afxL u/] sf] 5. dxfzfvfn]
hyfefjL ;jf/L kfls{, dfbskbfy{
;] j g u/L ;jf/L rnfpg] , n] g
cg'zf;g kfngf gug]{, xg{ lgif]w
kfngf gug] { / h] a| f qml;df
k} bnofq' n fO{ g6] g ] { o :nufotsf
zLif{sdf pQm ;jf/L ;fwgdfly
g]kfn cfOsfcf] sfnf];"rLaf6 d'Qm
sf7df8f}F. cGt/f{li6o gful/s
pog ;+u7g -cfOsfcf]_ n] g]kfnnfO{
sfnf];r" Laf6 x6fPsf] 5. cfOsfcf]n]
;g\ @)!# b]lv nufPsf] uDeL/
;'/Iff rf;f] -P;P;;L_ ;"rLaf6
x6fPsf] xf] . gful/s p88\ o g
k|flws/0fn] z'qmaf/ kqsf/ ;Dd]ng
u/L o;af/] hfgsf/L u/fPsf] xf].
laxLaf/ cfOsfcf]n] sfnf];"rLaf6
x6fPsf] a f/] cf} k rfl/s?kdf
hfgsf/L u/fPsf] lyof]. cfOsfcf]n]
g]kfnnfO{ sfnf];"rLaf6 x6fP klg
@)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/ (July 23, 2017)
pk]Gb| ofbanfO{ clxn] dfcf]jfbLs}
k|efjzfnL g]tf 8f= afa'/fd e/fO{
cfk"mn] agfPsf] gofF zlQmsf] g]tf
agfpg tof/ ePsf 5g\. ofbanfO{
g]tf dfGg 8f= e/fO{ tof/ eP kl5
gofF zlQmsf sfo{stf{x? eg] lg/fz
ePsf 5g\. afa'/fdn] kl/sNkgf
kqdf cfgf] b]zsf] gfddf g} uDeL/
q'l6 ePsf] kfOPsf] 5. kl/ro kqsf]
gd'gfdf km]8/n l/klAns ckm g]kfn,
sf/afxL u/]sf] xf]. tLdWo] n]g
cg'zf;g kfngf gug]{ Ps nfv #!
xhf/ %##, hyfefjL kfls{ @(
xhf/ *), dfk;] ;]jg u/L ;jf/L
rnfpg] @* xhf/ *(^ / gf] xg{
kfngf gug]{ gf} xhf/ ^^# sf/afxLdf
k/]sf x'g\. dxfzfvfsf k|d'v Pjd\
k|x/L gfoa dxflg/LIfs ld\df/
nfdfn] ;jf/L;fwgsf] ;+Vofsf] j[l4;Fu}
;jf/L;fwg sf/afxLsf] ;+Vofdf ;d]t
-af s L clGtd k] h df_
Oo'sf] sfnf];"rLaf6 eg] x6]sf] 5}g.
o;sf nflu g] k fnn] cfjZos
sfuhft k]; ug{'kg]{ hgfOPsf] 5.
cfOsfcf]n] sfnf];"rLaf6 x6fPkl5
Oo'n] klg x6fpg] bfaL ul/Psf] 5.
g]kfnsf] xjfO{ ;'/Iff ;'wf/;DaGwL
cWoog ug{ ut c;f/ @) ut] b'O{
;b:oLo cl86/ 6f]nL sf7df8f}F
cfPsf] lyof]. pQm 6f]nLn] laxLaf/
cfOsfcf]sf] d'Vofno Sofg8fdf a}7s
u/L g]kfnnfO{ uDeL/ ;'/Iff rf;f]af6
-af s L clGtd k] h df_
u/]sf] cfly{s ;d[l4sf] gf/f c;kmn
eP kl5 gofF zlQmsf] g]t[Tj TofUg]
of c? ;;fgf kf6L{;uF Pstf u/]/
s]xL alnof] zlQm agfpg] eGg] s'/fn]
lk/f]lnPsf afa'/fdn] cGttM cfgf
k"j{sfo{stf{ ofbjnfO{ g]tf dfg] kl5
gofF zlQmdf emg} ;+s6 a9]sf] 5.
g]zgn cfO8]G6L sf8{ n]lvPsf] 5.
oxL ljifonfO{ lnP/ Pdfn] ;f+;bx?n]
u[xdGqL k|efs/nfO{ e]6/] uDeL/ cfklQ
hgfPsf 5g\. g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgdf st}
klg km]8/n l/klAns ckm g]kfnsf]
cy{ cfpg] jfSo jf zAbfjnL 5}g.
;+ljwfgsf] efu !, wf/f # df /fi6 /
wf/f $ df g]kfn /fHosf] kl/efiffdf
/fli6o kl/rkq pNn]v ul/Psf] 5.
of] uDeL/ q'l6 ;Rofpg dfu ub}{ ;f+;b
zfGtf dfgjL, k]Djf nfdf, ;'zLnf
g]kfn;lxt Ps bh{g ;f+;bx?n]
u[xdGqLsf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fpFb} /fli6o
kl/rokqdf g]kfnL efiffdf g]kfnsf] gfd
pNn]v ug{ dfu ul/Psf] 5. /fli6o
sf8{ 5kfOsf] lhDdf ljb]zL sDkgLnfO{
lbg x'bF g} eGg] rf}tkmL{ cfjfhnfO{ s'Nrb}
;/sf/n] ljb]zLnfO{ lbPsf] 5.
kf6L{ cf/gaf6 lgl:sPsf] kmnfdh:tf] v/f] ePsf] 5
s]xL cfFtd/]sf cj;/jfbLx,
s]xL k};f sdfpgsf nflu ;dfrf/
a] R g] ;" r gf a] r ' j fx, s] x L
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf rf6'sf/x /
s] x L cfpF b f] qmflGtaf6 ql;t
bnfnxn] r' g fj vf/] h af/]
sfNklgs, e|fds / xflgsf/s ;"rgf
5fKg] / k|rf/ ug]{ u/]sf] kfOof].
pgLxn] vf/]hLsf] ;dodf r'gfjsf
kIfdf jsfnt u/], sf/afxLxnfO{
cft;Fu hf]8\g vf]h], r'gfjkl5
vf/]h k|efjsf/L gePsf] s'/f u/].
olta]nf vf/]hkl5 lg/fzf cfPsf]
h:tf k|rf/ 5Kg yfn]sf] kOof]. oL
;a} k| rf/ qmflGt / qmflGtsf/L
wf/fsf af/]df hgtfdf e|d km}nfpg]
/ k|ltlqmofjfbL ;QfnfO{ ;]jf ug]{
3fts cf;o;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\.
qmflGtsf/Lx o;vfnsf] k|rf/af6
;ts{ x'Fb} o:tf k|rf/nfO{ w'hfw'hf
kfg{ tof/ x'g'k5{.
of] ;To s;}af6 l5k]sf] 5}g, xfd|f]
kf6L{ r' g fj vf/] h cleofgdf
d"No ?= !).
o:tf] g]tT[ j k|0ffnL dfGg] s'/fdf b]jG] b|
kf}8]n, u+uf >]i7x? leqL ?kdf tof/
eO{ g;s]sf] a'lemPsf] 5. ;fy} tNnf]
:t/d} sfd ul//x] s f k' / fgf
sfo{ s tf{ x ?n] klg r/d
c;Gt' l i6 hgfO/x] s f]
a'lemPsf] 5. gofF zlQmsf]
;fpg ( / !) df a:g] s]Gb|Lo
;ldlt / !! / !@ ut] a:g]
kl/ifb\ a} 7 sd} c;Gt' li6
kf]Vg] u/L s]xL g]tfx? nfu]sf]
a'lemPsf] 5. ptf kmf]/d
leqsf Ps g]tfn] eg] ca
kf6L{ nfO{ /fli6 o zlQmsf
?kdf ljsf; ug{ gofF
zlQm;Fu Pstf ug{ nfluPsf]
atfP. kmf]/dsf] a}7s !!
ut]b]lv !# ut];Dd a:b} 5.
of] Pstf kl5 afa' / fd
;jf]R{ r g]tfsf] dfGotfdf /x]
klg ;f+u7lgs / sfo{sf/L
b[ l i6n] afa' / fd sdhf] /
cj:yfdf /xg] lglZrt 5. :yfgLo
txdf ;d]t gofF zlQm leq c;Gt'li6
a9\bf] b]lvG5.
sf7df8f}F . ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf]
a9\bf] k|of]u;Fu} g]kfnL ;dfhdf
d' n ' s sf ljlzi6 JolQmb] l v
;j{;fwf/0fsf] ;fOa/ ck/fwdfkm{t\
rl/q xTof ug]{ k|j[lQ a9]sf] 5.
k|x/L k|wfg sfof{nosf k|jQmf
;j]{Gb| vgfn ;fOa/ ck/fw x]g]{
g]kfndf 5' } lgsfo gePsf]
atfpF 5 g\ . g] k fn k| x /Lsf]
ck/fw dxfzfvf / s] G b| L o
cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]n] 5'f5'} sIf
agfP/ sfd ul//x] sf 5g\
k|jQmf vgfnsf] egfO 5. ;"rgf
k| l jlw / OG6/g] 6 sf] a9\ b f]
k|of]u;Fu} 5 gfddf gSsnL
kl/ro agfP/ ;fOa/ ck/fw
ug]{sf] ;+Vofdf j[l4 ePsf] 5.
;fdflhs dof{ b f, ;bfrf/,
g}ltstfsf] Vofn gug]{ / ljB'tLo
;r]ttfk"j{ s xfdkmfn]s f] lyof] .
o;sf] d'Vo p2]Zo of]hgfa4 kn]
ljKnj, dxf;lrj, g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
x]g{ ge'Ng'xf]nf.
;'Gg ge'Ng'xf]nf.
pklgoGqs sf] O /fnfnfO{ sfnf] d f] ; f]
sf7df8f}F. clvn qmflGtsf/Ln]
k|flalws lzIff tyf Joj;foLs tflnd
kl/ifb -l;l6Ole6L_ sf k/LIff
zfvfsf pklgoGqs gj/fh
sf]O/fnfnfO{ sfnf]df];f] bn]sf] 5.
k|j]z k/LIffdf gfd lgsflnlbg] eGb}
ljBfyL{af6 df]6f] /sd p7fpFb} u/]sf],
k|Zgkq a]r]sf], k/LIff s]Gb| agfOlbg]
eGb} lglh sn] h x;F u /sd
p7fO/x]sf] eGb} g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{
lgs6 clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] ljxLaf/
lbpF;f] sfo{sIfd} sfnf]df];f] bn]sf]
xf]. clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] sf]O/fnfdfly
^ cf/f] k nufOPsf] 5. clvn
qmflGtsf/Ln] pklgoGqs gj/fh
sf/f] a f/ P] g af/] hfgsf/L
g/fVg]xaf6 ljB'tLo ;~rf/ dfWod
/ vf;u/L ;fdflhs ;~hfndf
rl/qxTof ug]{, t:jL/ lauf/]/ k|of]u
k|ltqmflGt / k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+;bLo
Joj:yfnfO{ ;Dk"0f{ kn] c:jLsf/
sf]O /fnfnfO{ lgDg sf/0fn] ubf{
sfnf]df];f] bNg' k/]sf] atfPsf] 5
!= ljut s]xL jif{b]lv z}lIfs
bnfnx;Fu k|Zgkq lsga]r u/]/
7"nf] k};fsf] rnv]ndf ;+nUg /x]sf].
@= z} l Ifs bnfnx;F u
ldn]dtf]df k/LIff s]Gb|x lgwf{/0f
u/]sf].
#= ljBfyL{sf] gfd lgsfln lbg]
eGb} ljleGg 7fpFaf6 k};f c;'nL ug]{
lu/f]x kl/rfng u/]sf].
$= l/hN6 tyf k/LIff z}lIfs
bnfnsf sf/0f ;dod} x'g g;s]sf].
%= s]xL e|i6 lu/f]x;Fu ldn]/
5fqj[ l Qdf gfd lgsfNg] tyf
l/hN6df sld;g vfg] u/]sf].
^= k/LIffdf r/d nfk/jfxL u/]sf]
/ gLltut, cfly{s e|i6frf/ u/]sf].
o;}aLr, clvn qmflGtsf/Ln]
k" j f{ ~ rn ljZj ljBfnodf
clglZrtsflng tfnfaGbL u/]sf]
5. g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ lgs6
clvn qmflGtsf/Ln] cfgf] ( a'Fb]
dfuk| lt ljZjjljBfno uDeL/
gePsf] eGb} z'qmaf/ sf7df8f}Fl:yt
;Dks{ sfof{nodf tfnfaGbL u/]sf]
xf] . clvn qmflGtsf/Ln]
ljZjljBfnodf b] lvPsf] ljs[lt
lj;+ u lt, u} / lhDd] j f/k" 0 f{ sfo{
-af s L clGtd k] h df_
ug]{ , hyfefjL n]Vg] / >Job[Zo
;fdu|L k|sfzg k|;f/0f ug]{ k|j[lQ
a9]sf] xf]. rl/q xTof, lkm/f}tL dfUg]
/ wfswDsL lbg] sfddf ;fdflhs
;~hfn pkof]u ul/G5. ;/sf/L
tyf u}/;/sf/L ; ;+:yfsf
a]j;fO6 Xofs, Pl6Pd 7uL,
Od]n / P;PdP;af6 lr7\7f
kof] eg]/ 7Ug] k|j[lQ a9\bf]] 5.
dxfzfvfsf k|jQmf k|sfzh+u
sfsL{n] ;fOa/ ck/fw;DaGwL
:ki6 sfg'g gx'bF f lbgfg'lbg o:tf
ck/fwsf 36gf a9\b} uPsf]
atfP. s'g ck/fwnfO{ s:tf]
d'2f rnfpg] eGg]af/] clxn] klg
cGof]n g} 5, pgn] eg].
o:tf ck/fwdf !) jif{b]lv
@% jif{;Ddsf o'jfo'jtL w]/}
-af s L clGtd k] h df_
ug{,' To;sf] k'g:yf{kgfnfO{ vf/]h ug{'
/ g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;'Gb/ eljio
j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL ;Qfaf6 dfq
;Dej 5 eGg] ljrf/ / wf/ cufl8
a9fpg' lyof] . of] xfd| f ] lg0f{ o
;fd|fHojfbL, k'FhLjfbL bnfnxsf
cg]sf}F bafadf k/]/ s]xL lbg 5fnf
hf]ufpg jf s]xL ef}lts ;'v;'ljwf
ef] u ug{ qmflGt a] r ] / vfg]
bnfnxsf] h:tf] lgolGqt geP/
;j{xf/fjuL{o / sDo'lg:6 ljrf/ /
cfbz{xsf] emG8f kmx/fpg cfgf]
cfTdlg0f{osf] clwsf/ k|of]u ub}{
ul/Psf] lg0f{o lyof]. of] vf/]h
cleofgsf] dxTj tTsfn dfq xf]Og
bL3{ s fn;Dd g] kfnL qmflGtsf/L
cfGbf]ngdf /xg] :ki6 5. u/]sf]
vf/]h cleofg s]jn r'gfjsf] vf/]h
/ k|rf/;Fu ;DalGwt 5}g.
o;sf] ;DaGw ;du| g] kfnL
qmflGtsf] k|lqmof;Fu 5. of] ljutsf
s} o f} F alxisf/h:tf] xf] O g hf]
-af s L clGtd k] h df_
 2 @)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/
ltdL ltd|f] tl/sfn] n8, xfdL xfd|f] tl/sfn] n8\5f}
;DkfbsLo
s= dfcf]T;] t'
cfOl;l6 gLlt sfuh d} ;Lldt
sf7df8f}F. b'O{ jif{ cufl8 ;"rgf
/fhgLlts l;lG8s]6 vf/]h u/ tyf ;Grf/ dGqfnosf] gfd kl/jt{g
u/]/ ;"rgf tyf ;Grf/ / k|ljlw -
cfOl;6L_ dGqfno /flvof]. t/, gfd
g]skf dfcf]jfbL s]Gb| / g]kfnL sfFu]; | u7aGwgsf] kl/jt{g ePsf] @) lbg laTg gkfpFb}
sf/0f b]zdf efuj08fsf] /fhgLlt df}nfPsf] 5. oL b'O{ k'gM Tof] dGqfnosf] gfd ;"rgf tyf
;Grf/ dGqfno g} /flvof]. o;}u/L,
bnsf] u7aGwgn] ubf{ ;du| b]z g} aGws aGg k'us ] f] ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{
5. oL b'O{ bnn] cfgf] :jfy{sf lglDt ;/sf/ kl/jt{g p2]Zon] ;/sf/n] ;g\ @))% df
ug]{ / cGo bnnfO{ /fhgLltsf] d"nwf/af6 kfvf nufpg] ag]kfdf cfOl6 kfs{ lgdf{0f ug]{ lg0f{o
t u/]+ t/ lg0f{o u/]sf] Ps bzs
rnv]n ubf{ b]zsf] /fhgLlts yk hl6n ePsf] 5. oL lalt:sbf klg Tof] k"0f{kdf k|of]udf
b'O{ bnsf] efuj08fsf] /fhgLltcg';f/ kl5Nnf] k6s cfpg ;lsPg\ . Ps jif{ klxn]
aNntNn k|of]udf t cfof] t/ Tof]
g]kfnL sfFu;]| sf ;efklt z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL rog klg cf+l;s kdf. Tolt dfq xf]Og,
ePsf 5g\. z]/axfb'/ b]pjf k|wfgdGqL ePsf] dlxgf ;g\ @))) df tof/ u/]sf] cfO6L
gLlt ;g\ @)!) df cfP/ klxnf]
lbg gfl3;Sof]. t/, cem};Dd dlGqd08nn] k"0f{tf kfpg k6s kl/dfh{g ul/of]. of] aLr
;s]sf] 5}g. ;du| b]z / hgtfsf] lxtdf eGbf klg cfk"m ;"rgf tyf k|ljlwsf] If]qdf ;Daf]wg
x'gk' g]{ y'k}| ljifo b]vf gk/]sf xf]Ogg\.
/ cfgf] bnsf] :jfy{ k"/f ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] JolQm / oL t s]xL pbfx/0f dfq x'g,\ g]kfndf
bn;Fu dfq ;xsfo{ ug]{ pgLx?sf] gLlt s} sf/0f clxn];Dd cfOl;6L;DaGwL ljifonfO{
k|fyldstfdf /flvPsf] b]lvPsf] 5}g\.
;/sf/n] k"0f{tf kfpg g;s]sf] s'/f 3fd hlQs} 5n{ ;DalGwt gLlt tyf k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf;
5. b]zdf zflGt / ;'zf;g Psfb]zsf] syf ePsf 5g\. / ;b'kof]udf slt l9nfO{ x'G5 /
xfn} :yfgLo lgsfodf lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwx?;d]t o; If] q df ;/sf/sf] lg0f{ o /
k|ltj4tf slt lkmtnf] x'G5 eGg]
a]nufd ePsf 5g\. pgLx? ;Qf kIf bnsf] l;sf] ub}{ dflysf oL pbfx/0faf6 :ki6 x'G5.
hgtfk|lt pQ/bfoL x'ge ' Gbf cfgf] :jfy{k"lt{ ug{ tlNng o;/L bLuf] ljsf; nIo k|flKtdf
dxTjk"0f{ dflgPsf cfOl;6LnfO{ Wofg
x'g yfn]sf] ;dfrf/x? ;fj{hlgs eO/x]sf 5g\. ;Qf;Lg glbPsf]df ;/f]sf/jfnfn] rf;f] /
s]Gb| h;/L efuj08f / :jfy{sf] /fhgLlt ul//x]sf 5g\, lrGtf JoQm u/]sf 5g\. ldl8of,
cg';Gwfg, ;/sf/L lgsfo, ;'/Iff,
:yfgLo lgsfosf hgk|ltlglwx? klg ToxL l;sf] ug{ sfg'g, k|ljlw, lzIff If]qsf k|ltlglw
yfn]sf 5g\. h'g b]z / hgtfsf] nflu 3fts ljifo xf]. tyf lj1n] cfOl;6L;DaGwL gLlt
/fd|f eP klg To;sf] k|efjsf/L
t;y{, g]skf dfc]fjfbL s]Gb| / g]kfnL sfFu; |] n] cfgf] sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf g]kfndf ljsf; /
ckljq u7aGwgaf6 dfly p7\g' h?/L 5. b]zsf] jt{dfg ;d[l4n] ult lng g;ssf] u'gf;f]
u/]sf 5g\. >Ln+sg ly+s 6\of+s
/fhgLlts cj:yf / hgtfsf] rfxgf klg oxL 5. t;y{,
jt{dfg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug{ ckljq u7aGwgsf] ;/sf/
xf]Og, ;a} bnsf] ;xdlt cfjZos 5. To;sf] lglDt
;+;b\leq / aflx/sf bnx? Psh'6 x'g cfjZos 5. o;sf]
oL x'g\ P6d ad agfpg] dlxnf
sf7df8f}F. ;g\ !($% h'nfO{ !^
kxn ;/sf/ / cfk"mnfO{ d'Vo bn 7fGg] / dfGg]x?n] lng' ;fFem kfFr ah] / @( ldg]6 $%
cfjZos 5, ;fy} b]znfO{ cu|udgtkm{ n}hfg] / b]zdf zflGt ;] s ] 0 8df cd] l/sfsf] d?e" lddf
eos/ ljikmf]6 ePsf] lyof]. ToxfF
;'zf;g sfod ug]{ xf] eg] tTsfn ;+;b\leq / aflx/sf ljzfn w'jF fsf] d':nf]n] sof} lsnf]ld6/
bnx?nfO{ ;d]6L /fli6o ;/sf/ u7g ug'k{ 5{ cGoyf d'ns ' 9fls;s] s f] lyof] h' g 6f9} a f6
uDeL/ e8\vfnf]df km:g] lglZrt 5, r]tgf eof. b]lvGYof]. oxL wdfs]bf/ ljikmf]6n]
ljZjnfO{ g} kl/jt{g ul/lbof], h;sf
sf/0f cd]l/sf g} klxnf] k/df0f'
Joj;flos s[lif tyf Jofkf/ cfof]hgfsf] k|lta4tf zlQmdf zlQmzfnL / ;DkGg d'n's
aGof]. Go" d]lS;sf]df ;+;f/s} klxnf]
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x'g ;xof]u ug{] . ;fy} cfjZos k|ljlw, ;"rgf, ;]jf / ;fj{hlgs k"jf{wf/sf] a';nufot k'?if j}1flgsnfO{ uof].
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cg'ksf] :jR5 / :j:y vfB j:t'xsf] pTkfbg ug{ ;xof]u ug{] . Ps ;zQm dlxnf j}1flgs x'g ?y
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hxfF lgSs} vt/f dflgGYof]. oxfF
cd]l/sL ;'/Iff ann] @$ ;} 306f
lgu/fgL ug]{ ub{Yof]. x8n;gn] Ps
cGtjf{tf{df eg]sL l5g\, ToxfF sfd
ug]{ s;}n] klg Ps csf{nfO{ k|Zgf]Q/
;f]Wg\ kfpFbg} lyof]. olb ;f]wd] f p;sf]
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ng{ Pl;of, OG6/g]6 ;f];fOl6 g]kfn
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kIf lkmtnf] ePsf]df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\.
;f] cj;/df pRr:t/Lo ;"rgf k|ljlw
cfof]usf k"j{pkfWoIf dgf]x/s'df/
ef/fO{n] cfk"m cfof]udf x'Fbf ;a}
kIfnfO{ ;d]6]/ sfd ug{ lgSs} sl7g
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/ ;d'bfosf] ljsf;sf ;+jfxssf
kdf /x]sf cfOl;6LnfO{ ljz]if
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k|fKt ug{df c;xh ePsf] atfP.
cfOl;6L gLlt to ug]{ qmddd
g} uNtL x'g] u/]sf] pNn]v ub}{ pgn]
eg] gLlt lgdf{0f ubf{ OG6/g]6sf{
OG8 o'h/ cyf{t k|of]ustf{sf] kIf
-dfu_nfO{ k"0f{ a]jf:tf ul/G5 eg]
cfk"lt{kIfsf ljifonfO{ Psf]xf]/f] kdf
y'kfl/G5. e/fO{n] eg]h:t} b'O{jif{
klxn] ;Grf/ dGqfnfon] cfgf] gfd
km]bf{ k|ljlwsf] ljifo cfkmFn
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kf] u/]sf] lyof] ls< cem} klg ;"rgf
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bf] xf]/f] vr{ / ;dosf] jaf{ bdf
lklN;G5.
cfOl;6L / a| f ] 8 Aof08sf]
ljifodf 5nkmn ubf{ ;fgf] l7dL
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Og ;g, ljd]g ckm Dof gxg k|fh ] S] 6
dlxnfxsf] ;fxl;s sfdsf] k|z+;f
u/]sL l5g\. pgn] n]v]sL l5g\,
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gx'bF f sfof{Gjog kIf sdhf]/ 5, ljz'4
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klg x'g] / ljsf; klg x'g] ts{ u5{g\
k|d'v e08f/L.
c f O l; 6L ;D aG wL s dh f ] /
hgr] t gf
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a| f ] 8 Aof08 lj:tf/sf nflu
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ljsf;sf] sfo{ Ps} ;+:yf;Fu dfq
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g]kfndf OG6/g]6 dxFuf] x'g'sf] d'Vo
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ePsf] s'/f klg ToxfF n'sfP/ /fVg
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lhTg / b]zsf] ;]jf ug{ ;wF} k|T;flxt
ug]{ ul/GYof].
dlxnf j}1 flgsf/f cfO;f]6fOk
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k|f]h]S6df l/ofSzg a9L ePsf] /
sf/0f OG6/g]6sf] :yfgLos/0f gx'g'
xf] eg]. OG6/g]6 k|bfos ;+:yf
j8l{\n+ssf lblnk cu|jfn, g]kfn
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t' n fw/n] cfgf sfof{ n on]
cfOl;6L;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg
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g] kfnsf] cfgf] pTkfbg xf] O g,
cfofltt xf]. g]kfndf k|of]u x'g]
efiffdf sDKo'6/ PlKns];g c;Dej
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g} OG6/g]6 dxFuf] x'g'sf k|d'v sf/0f
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OG6/g]6df x'g] vr{ lgSs} sd x'g]
t'nwf/sf] ;'emfj 5.
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e"ldsf, OG6/g]6 k|bfos ;+:yf tyf
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;Lko'Qm dfgj>f]tsf] pTkfbgnufot
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tof/L ul//xg' ePsf] /x]5. c;f/ P]ltxfl;ssfnb]lv g} s0ff{nL If]q / :jflwgtf / /fHo ;+ rfng ug] { dxTjfsf+Iffsf] kl/0ffd of] ju{n] zf;g lx:;fsf] /fHo;QfnfO{ ;+ 3 Lo /fHo;Qfsf] lrxfg vGg] xf];\. b]zsf]
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k| s f08 k[YjL gf/fo0f zfxfsf] zf;g, /f0ff :yflkt e};s]sf] 5}g. g]kfnL hgtfn] :yfkgfsfnb]lv g]kfnL qmflGtsf]
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;+ ;bLo Joj:yf o;}sf] pkh / o; ljifodf g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ slt Revolution_ cufl8 ;f/]/ k|of]u
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gff hgtfsf] bfloTjaf6 efu]/ Pj+ dxfg\ g]tf n]lggn] ;+;bLo x'Fb}g. of] t 6fpsf]sf] lj/fdLnfO{ zf]lift ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf] ;dfh
k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] Joj:yfnfO{ v;Lsf] 6fpsf] /fv]/ v'fdf pkrf/ ug]{ 8S6/sf] h:tf] Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfb xf].
s's'/sf] df;' a]Rg] ynf] xf] eGg' x'G5. P]ltxfl;s ef}ltsjfbL tYo of] ;dfh Joj:yfsf ;+rfns jf
zf]ifs ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf jt{dfg zf;s aGg k'u]. eof]. o;y{ g]kfndf lj=;+= !*@% klg s] xf] eg] ;fdGtL s]Gb|Ls[t dflns g]kfnL >dhLlj ju{ x'G5g\.
df :yfkgf u/]sf] PsfTds tyf /fHo;Qfsf ;+ r fnsxn] g} h;df pTkLl8t ju{ hftL, If]q,
k|r08 afa'/fdx ;fdGtL PsfTds /fHo;Qfsf s]Gb|Ls[t ;fdGtL ;Qfsf zf;s / s0ff{nLsf] :jflwgtf / hgtfsf] n}ls, blnt ;d' bfo, /fi6j fbL
zf;sLo 9fFrfdf gofF gofF sndL /fhg}lts nufot ;du| clwsf/nfO{ tKsfnufot cfdpTkLl8t hgtfx
Tof] a]nfsf zf;s k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / axfb'/ zfx nufP/ zf] i fs ju{ n ] pTkLl8t vf];]sf x'g. To;kl5 s0ff{nLnfO{ kb{ 5 g\ . g] k fnL >dhLljju{ s f]
ag]/ uPgg\, logLx /f0ffxsf] hxflgofF zf;s hgtfdfly lg/Gt/ zf;g ub} { zf;sxn] kfO{nfkfO{nf ub}{ clxn]sf] sDo'lg:6 kf6L{sf] g]tT[ jdf cfdg]kfnL
cfO{/x]sf] 5. :d/0f xf]; lj=;+= gfh's cj:yfdf k'ofP. >dhLlj ju{sf] zf;gnfO{ ;'lglZrt
h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff ag]/ klg zf;g ug{ uPgg\, g !*@%b]lvsf] zf;s zf]ifs ju{, juL{o s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf / zf;s ju{sf] ul/g] Joj:yf j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL
rl/q / ju{ :jfy{df cfhsf ldlt;Dd cg'xf/nfO{ hLjGt lrq0f ug]{ s0ff{nL Joj:yf xf]. b]zsf] d'lQm, g]kfnL
lg/+s'z k+rfotL zf;s /fhf dx]Gb| ag]/ zf;g ug{ lslGrtkl/jt{g cfPsf] 5}g. jt{dfg k|bz ] Pj+ s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf] jt{dfg >dhLlj hgtfsf] zf;g / b]zsf]
uP, g t /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf /fhf g]kfnL ;dfhsf juL{o, hftLo, If]qLo, bb{gfs cj:yfsf] ;w}sf] lglDt cGTo ljsf; Pj+ ;d[l4sf] nflu j}1flgs
n}ls, ;fdflhs Pj+ ;fF:s[lts, ug{ zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf clgjfo{ dfq
lj/]Gb|, lul/hk|;fb sf]O/fnf, dgdf]xg clwsf/L cfly{s nufotsf ofjt ;d:ofx s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qf, To;sf zf;sx xf]Og l9nf] e};s]sf] 5.
oxL zf]ifs ju{ / o;sf] /fHo;Qfsf / bnfn ;+ ; bLo Joj:yfsf] clxn] klg s0ff{nL bnfn k'h F Lklt
ag]/ zf;g ug{ uP. logLx t zf]ifs ju{sf] pkh x'g. bfx;+:sf/ klxnf] zt{ xf]. cfkm\gf] ju{sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf] pklgj]z
jt{dfg g]kfnL /fHo;QfnfO{ !) jif{sf] dxfg\ g]kfnL /fhg}lts /+ud+rdf Pp6f /fi6 s f] :jflwgtf / /fhg} l ts g} 5. of] k[ YjLgf/fo0f zfxsf]
j8f] dhfs s] eof] eg] Tof] a]nfsf] clwsf/ k| f lKtsf] lglDt g] kfnL /fHo;Qfsf] lg/Gt/tf xf]. bnfn
hgo'4 / !( lbgsf] P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ngsf zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL /fHo;Qf / hgtfn] P] ltxfl;ssfnb] lv ub} { k'FhLklt ju{sf] s]Gb|Lo /fHo;Qfsf]
To;sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf cfd'n cfPsf] cgj/t ;+3if{sf] pRr Pj+ pklgj]zjf6 s0ff{nLnfO{ d'Qm u/L
pknlAwxn] //f]ug ug{ d'vtf{ ul/Psf] bnfn kl/jt{ g ug{ s f] lglDt g] k fnL s]Gb|Ls[t kdf cleJoQm g]kfn cfGtl/s /fli6otfsf] b[li6n] :jflwg
:jfledfgL Pj+ >dhLlj hgtfn] sDo' lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf] j fbL_ sf] jgfpg' s0ff{nLsf qmflGtsf/L g]tf
;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] slyt ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ -dfcf]jfbL_ sf] g] t[ Tjdf g]kfnL hgtfn] cufl8 sfo{ s tf{ , /fi6 j fbLx, pBdL,
u0ftGqsf] zf;s aGg uP. g]t[Tjdf !) jif{ ;z:q hgo'4 n8]. a9fPsf] !) jif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 Joj;foL, o'jfo'jtLx, j'l4hLljx,
To;sf] cf8df !( lbgsf] P]ltxfl;s xf]. !( lbgsf] cfGbf]ng hgo'4sf] dlxnf / blntx, lzIfs
cfGbf]ng klg eof]. hgo'4sf] g]tT[ j w/ftndf ePsf] lyof] . hgo' 4 sd{rf/Lxnufot cfd>dhLlj
/ ;xif{tfsf] of]udf d}n] n]V5' eg]F. k|j[lQ, gLlt / z}nLdf eg] ljljwtf d'2f k|d'v aGg uof]. u/]sf k|r08 afa'/fdx lj=;+=)^# g] kfndf ljBdfg zf] ifs ju{s f] s0ff{nLjf;Lsf] klxnf] sfo{ef/ x'g
hgtfsf 5f]/f5f]/Ln] b]zsf] d'lQm / /xFb} cfPsf 5g\. clxn] klg of] lj=;+= !*$^ df axfb'/ zfxsf] ;fn kl5 zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL /fHo /fHo; Qf, zf;g J oj:yf / cfPsf] 5.
hgtfsf] cfhfbLsf] lglDt u/]sf] Tofu cj:yf Go"g kdf ljBdfg g} 5. ;]gfn] ;fdfGo o'4sf] lgod ljkl/t ;Qf / To;sf] ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf zf;sxnfO{ lgd"{n kfg]{ /fhg}lts s0ff{ n Lsf hgtfsf] zf;g
/ alnbfgLnfO{ pRr ;Ddfg / s0ff{nL k|b]z / oxfFsf hgtfsf] bz}sf] gjdLsf] /ftL if8\oGqsf/L, lg0ff{os qmflGt ug'{ kg]{ b]z / g]kfnL p2] Zof/f ;+ rflnt o' 4 lyof] . ;+rfngsf] clwsf/sf b[li6n] bnfn
k|fyldstfsf ;fy P]ltxfl;s tyf d' lQmsf lxdfotL hf] ; 's } n ] klg cg}lts / cdfgjLo 9+un] s0ff{nLjf;L ef]sf gff hgtfsf] bfloTjaf6 efu]/ zf]lift jif{sf] /fHo;Qf :yfkgfsf] ;+;bLo zf;g Joj:yfsf] lgd"n { u/L
hg ;flxlTos b[li6sf]0faf6 k'h F Ls[lt ;d:ofsf] j:t' l gi7 klxrfg, hgtfsf] l;Fhf /fHo sAhfdf lnPkl5 k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] :yfkgf u/]sf] dxfg\ cleef/ af] s ] s f] hgo' 4 j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfbL zf;g
ug{ ;dlk{ t s= /fhs' d f/nfO{ ;dfwfg;DaGwL j}1flgs ljrf/ / lj+=;= !()# ;Dd %* jif{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zf]ifs ju{sf] /fHo;Qfsf jt{dfg cfkm\g f] !) jif{s} ;dofjlwdf Joj:yfcGtu{ t cfTdlg0f{ o sf]
;j{k|yd ;uf}/j ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg abNgsf] lglDt cbDo ;fxf;sf ;fy zfxsf ;Gtfgn], lj=;+= !()# b]lv zf;s aGg k'u]. k|r08 afa'/fdx ljhosf] ;lGgs6 ha k'Uof], ta clwsf/sf] :jLs[lt ;lxt s0ff{nLsf
ub{ 5 ' lsgls hgtfsf] d' lQm / qmflGtsf] P]ltxfl;s Pj+ lg0ff{os @))& ;Dd !)$ jif{ h+uaxfb'/ ;fdGtL PsfTds /fHo;Qfsf Tof] Tof] a]nfsf] ;fd|fHojfb, ef/tLo hgtfsf] :jzf;gsf] clwsf/
:jtGqtfsf] lglDt hgtfn] cfz', kxnsbdL lng h?/L 5. o;sf /f0ffn] ;+rfng u/]sf] hxflgofF /f0ff a]nfsf zf;s k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx / lj:tf/jfb / of] b] zsf ;+;bLo :yflkt ug'{ k5{. cfGtl/s /fli6o
/ut / kl;gfaf6 /rgf u/] s f] lglDt s0ff{nLsf /fhg}lts g]t[Tj Pj+ zf;sn], @))& ;fnb]lv @)!& axfb'/ zfx ag]/ uPgg\, logLx k|lts[ofjfbLx hgo'4nfO{ lg:t]h :jflwgtf / zf;g Joj:yfdf
Oltxf; Pj+ ;flxTosf] GfTds sfo{stf{, k|fl1s ju{, o'jfo'jtLx, ;fn;Dd !! jif{ /f0ff, /fhf / g]kfnL /f0ffxsf] hxflgofF zf;s h+uaxfb'/ kfg]{ if8\oGqdf nfu]. ljhof]Gd'v :jzf;gsf] clwsf/ k|fKt ug'{n]
ef}ltsjfbL n]vg b]z / hgtfsf] Jofkf/L Joj;foLx, lzIfs sfFu|; ] n], lj+=;+= @)!& ;fnb]lv )$^ /f0ff ag]/ klg zf;g ug{ uPgg\, g hgo'4n] k}bf u/]sf] vt/fsf] ;fdgf s0ff{nL k|b]z / s0ff{nLjf;L hgtfsf]
d'lQm cfGbf]ngsf] lglDt dxTjk"0f{ sd{ r f/Lx, ;fdflhs ;fn;Dd #) jif{ /fhf dx]Gb|n] :yfkgf lg/+s'z k+rfotL zf;s /fhf dx]Gb| ug]{ lxDdt gu/]/ k|r08 afa'/fdsf] Ifltk" lt{ ; lxt jf:tjd} d' lQm /
cfwf/ x'G5. t;y{ of] ;fdfGo sfo{ JolQmTjxnufot cfds0ff{nLjf;L u/L ;+rfng u/]sf] k+rfot :jksf] ag] / zf;g ug{ uP, g t cfTd;'/Iffjfbn] zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn :jtGqtf :yflkt x'G5. o;sf lglDt
geP/ ljlzi6 dxTjsf] sfo{ xf]. hg;d'bfox tof/ x'g} k5{. ;fdGtL /fhtGqn], lj=;+= @)$^ /fhtGqfTds ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf /fhf ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf cufl8 cfTd;dk{0f s0ff{nL k|bz ] / s0ff{nLjf;Lx g]kfnL
s] G b| L o /fHo;Qfsf] juL{ o s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] k|d'v ;d:of ;fnb]lv )^# ;fn;Dd !* jif{ /fhf lj/] G b| , lul/hk| ; fb sf] O /fnf, uof]. logLxn] g]kfn sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ hgtfsf] j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL zf;g
pTkL8gsf] pkh s0ff{ n L k| b] z PsLs0fsf] gfddf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] Pj+ ;+;b\jfbL bnxn] rnfPsf] dgdf]xg clwsf/L ag]/ zf;g ug{ -dfcf]jfbL_, g]kfnL qmflGt, b]z / Joj:yf :yfkgf ug{ PsLs[ t
dflysf] If]qLo pTkL8gsf lj?4 yfngL u/L axfb'/ zfxfn] k"0f{tf /fHo;Qf / zf;g Joj:yf zf]ifs uP. logLx t zf] ifs ju{ s f] g]kfnL hgtfsf] lglDt wf]sf / u2f/L hgqmflGtsf] lbzfdf b[9tfsf ;fy
hgtfsf] qmflGtsf/L ;+ 3 if{ s f] k|bfg u/]sf] zf]ifs ju{sf] ;fdGtL ju{s} xf]. To;sf] ju{, rl/q / :jf:y{ jt{dfg g]kfnL /fHo;QfnfO{ !) u/]/ qmflGtdf cIfDo ck/fw u/]. cufl8 a9\g' k5{.
Oltxf;df )^# ;fnotfsf] zflGt PsfTds Pj+ s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo;Qf xf]. Pp6} 5. lj=;+= !*$^ b]lv @)^# jif{sf] dxfg\ hgo'4 / !( lbgsf] g]kfnL qmflGtn] eofgs Iflt j]xf]of], cGtdf dxfg\ ;lxb xl/axfb'/
k|s[ofsf] kl5Nnf] r/0fdf cfkm\gf] h;n] s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf] cfkm\g} /fHo ;fn;Dd @!& jif{ s0ff{nL / ToxfFsf P] l txfl;s hgcfGbf] n gsf qmflGt cw'/} /Xof] / 5. s' F j /k| l tsf] ;Rrf >4f~hnL,
cd"No hLjg s0ff{nL / s0ff{nLjf;L l;FhfnfO{ cltqmd0f u/L s]Gb|Ls[t hgtf dfly zf;g ug]{ ju{ Pp6} pknlAwxn] //f]ug ug{ d'vtf{ g]kfnL >dhLljju{sf] qmflGtsf] ;lxbkysf] ofqf / ;kgfsf] ;fsf/
hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt ck{0f ug]{ /fHodf ljlng u/fof]. Tof] a]nfb]lv dfq zf]ifs ju{ xf]. ljZj dfgj ul/Psf] bnfn ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf] k"0f{tf, b]zsf] cl:tTj Pj+ :jflwgtfsf] tj dfq x' g ] 5 ha PsLs[ t
s0ff{nLsf] dxfg\ ;k't jL/ zlxb s0ff{nL cfGtl/s /fHoljxLg e} o;sf] ;dfhsf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf; k|s[ofdf slyt ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] /Iff, g]kfnL zf]lift ju{sf] /fHo;Qf hgqmflGtsf] sfo{lbzff/f b]zdf
xl/axfb'/ s'jF / xf]. ;j{ky| d pxfFnfO{ :jflwgtfsf] d'2f k|d'v aGg k'Uof]. cflbd ;fDojfbL ;dfhdf gsf/fTds zf;s aGg uP. lgdf{0f, zf;g Joj:yf :yfkgf, b]zsf] ljBdfg zf]ifs ju{sf] bnfn k'FhLjfbL
;;Ddfg efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f cfkm\gf] l;Fhf /fHodf s0ff{n Lsf lrGtg, k|jl[ Q, :jfy{, ;f]r / ;+:sf/sf] g]kfnsf] /fhg}lts Oltxf;df ljsf; / g]kfnL hgtfsf] ;d[l4sf] /fHo;Qfsf] cGt / g]kfnsf >dhLlj
ub{5'. b]zsf] d'lQm / g]kfnL hgtfsf] hgtfn] zf;g ;+rfng u/L /fv]sf pkhsf] kdf ;dfh ju{df ljeflht s]GbLs[t tyf PsfTds ;fdGtL /fHo lglDt g] kfnL qmflGtsf] k" 0 f{ t f hgtfsf] /fHo Joj:yf j} 1flgs
/fhg}lts :jtGqtf;+u cleGg kn] lyP. oBlk Tof] a]n fsf] ;dfh x'g' / To;sf] ;fdflhs :jk bf;o'u lgdf{0fb]lv xfn;Dd zf;s ju{sf] qmflGtsf/L sDo'lg:6 kf6L{ / g]kfnL ;dfhjfb :yfkgf u/L s0ff{nL k|bz ] sf]
ufFl;Psf] s0ff{nL k|b]zsf] cfGtl/s ljsf;sf] :t/, r] t gf / /fHo x' g ' a f6 bf; dflnssf] kdf :jkdf eg] leGgtf x'Fb} cfPsf] 5. >dhLlj hgtfsf] klxnf] sfo{;"rL cfGtl/s /fli6 o :jflwgtfsf]
:jflwgtf Pj+ hgtfsf] d'lQmsf] lglDt ;+rfnsxsf] ljrf/ Pj+ k|j[lQut ;fdflhs cl:tTjdf cfPsf] ju{ k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxfsf] rl/q PsfTds xf]. qmflGtsf] of] bfloTj lgjf{x ug{ ;'lglZrttf / s0ff{nLsf hgtfn]
zlxb xl/axfb'/ s'Fj/sf] ;kgf k"/f ;Ldfsf sf/0f k/Dk/fut eP klg zf]ifs ju{ xf]. dfgj ;dfhsf] Pj+ s]Gb| Ls[ t ;fdGtL lyof] eg] qmflGtsf/L /fhg}lts zlQmn] PSsfO;f}+ :jzf;g k|fKt ug]{ 5g\. dxfg\ zlxb
ug{ cw'/f] g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{ lg0ff{os Tof] s0ff{nLsf hgtfsf] cfkm\g} /fHo ultlzn ljsf;, dfgj ;Eotfsf] h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf] hxflgofF, /fhf ztfAbLsf] ljZj, o;sf] g] kfnL xl/axfb'/ s'Fj/ nfn ;nfd
ljGb'df k'ofpg cfk"mnfO{ k'/fsfk'/f / zf;g lyof]. /fHosf] rl/q / ljsf;sf] P] l txfl;s k| s [ o fsf] dx]Gb|sf] lg/+s'z k+rfotL lyof] eg] ;dfhdf k| e fj, cfkm\ g f] b] z sf] -n]vs g]skfsf k|jQmf x'g\ ._
 4 @)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/
g]kfnL ;dfhdf nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] e"ldsf
nIdLljnf; sf] O /fnf
g]kfnsf] lghfdtL k|zf;gsf]
O{ltxf; d"Nofs+g ubf{ tTsflng zf;s
/fhfx d' v sf] e/df ;/sf/L
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;/sf/L ;]jfdf tf]s cfb]zsf] e/df
sd{rf/L lgo'Qm ub}{ cfPsf] hxfgLof
lg/+s'; /f0ff zf;gdf klg of]Uo
pDd]bjf/sf] of]Uotf k/LIf0f u/]/ dfq
lghfdtL ;]jfdf of]Uo / ;Ifd sd{rf/L
/fVg' kb{5 eGg] 1fg cfP kl5 g]kfnsf]
j}wflgs sfg"g @))$ df d'ns ' e/
;j} 7fpFdf of]Uo sd{rf/Lx egf{ x'g
egL Ps b/vf:t kl/ifb v8f ul/
lgodadf]lhd ;/sf/L gf]s/Lsf nflu
pDd]bjf/xsf] b/vf:t lng /
kl/ifb\n] pgLxsf] of]Uotf jf Nofst
hfFra'em u/L lgo'lQmsf nflu ;/sf/df
l;kmfl/; k]z ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]
lyof]. g]kfndf jg]sf / sfof{Gjog
ePsf ;j} ;+ljwfgxn] nf]s;]jf
cfo]unfO{ pRr :yfg lbPsf lyP.
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u @))* ;fn c;f/ !
ut] :yfkgf ePsf] xf]. c;f/ ! ut]
nfO{ cfof]un] nf]s ;]jf lbjz sf]
kdf jflif{sf]T;j dgfpb} cfPsf]5.
o;sf/0f ;/sf/L ;]jfsf nflu
of]Uotf k|0ffnLsf] cfwf/df of]Uo
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klg x'G5 / To:tf pDd]bjf/sf]
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cfwfl/t eP/ dfq ug'k{ b{5. oBlk,
k~rfot sfndf nf]s ;]jf cfof]unfO[
lgnDjg u/]/ ;/sf/n] sd{rf/L
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g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg -@)&@_ df klg
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;+ul7t ;+:yf_ xsf] nflu lnlvt
k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ yk lhDd]jf/L
lbPsf] 5. ;+ljwfgcg';f/ lghfdtL
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Joj:yf /x]sf]5. ;fy} cfof]un] lghfdtL
sd{rf/L ;]jf zt{ / ;'ljwf tyf
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klg nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] 5.
cfof]u cfkm'nfO{ ;'lDkPsf] lhDd]jf/L
s'zntf, lgikIftf / t6:ytfk"js {[
;Dkfbg ug{ sl6j4 / ;Ifd 5. cfkmgf]
lhDd]jf/L k'/f ug]{ ;+jGwdf cfof]usf]
sfo{ l;4fGt, sfo{ k|0ffnL / sfo{
Joj:yfsf ;+jGwdf 5f]6f] hfgsf/L
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ljifout v08 v08sf] 5'66f 5'66}
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tf]ss] f] kbsf] k/LIffsf] pQ/k'l:tsf
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sfo{ cf/De ul/Psf] / qmdz M ;j}df
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Optical Mark Reader (OMR)
sf] Joa:yf ul/ l56f] pQ/ k'l:tsf
k/LIf0f ug]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf]
cfof] u sf] sfof{ n oleq} /x] /
pQ/k'l:tsf k/LIf0f ug'k{ g]{ Joa:yf
ePsf]
lnlvt glthfdf pDd]bjf/sf] gfd
yfxf x'g] t/ k|fKtf+s yfxf gx'g] ug{
8an NjfO08 Joa:yf ePsf]
cGt/jftf{ d f Go" g td $) /
clwstd &) k|ltztdf /x]/ gDj/
lbg'kg]{ Joa:yf ePsf]
cGt/jftf{sf] lj1n] cGt/jftf{ x'g]
lbgdf dfq cGt/jftf{df j:g]
hfgsf/L kfpg] Joj:yf ePsf]
cfkm\gf] gftfdf kg]{ JolQmn] cfof]usf]
sf]/ sfo{df ;+nUg x'g gkfpg]
Joa:yf ePsf]
nf]s;]jf cfof]usf] tof/L sIff
k9fpg] sfo{df ;+nUg lj1nfO{
cfof]usf] s'g} klg sf]/ sfo{df ;+nUg
gu/fpg] Joa:yf ePsf],
@= cfof]usf uDeL/ rf;f]sf
ljifox M
lghfdtL ;]jfsf] l/Qm b/jGbLsf]
hfgsf/L ;dodf k|fKt gx'g] u/]sf].
l/Qm kb n'sfP/ /fVg] k|jl[ Q tyf
dfFu u/L k|ltzt lgwf{/0f e};s]sf]
kbdf cGoqjf6 ;jf u/L Nofpg]
k|j[lQn] l;kmfl/; pDd]bjf/sf]
lgo'lQmdf sl7gfO{ / 9LnfO{ x'g]
u/]sf].
;]jf ;d"x ;+rfng ug]{ lgsfojf6
cfjZos z}lIfs of]Uotf kl/dfh{gdf
rf;f] g/fVg] u/]sf].
j9'jfsf nflu ef}uf]lns If]qsf] c+s
u0fgf ubf{ h' @## lbg xflh/
ePsf] x'gk' g]d{ f h' xflh/sf] JofVof
x'g g;s]sf]n] c+s u0fgfdf sl7gfO{
/x]sf].
;dfj]zLtkm{ ckf+usf] nflu 5'6ofO{g]
kbxdf s:tf] ckf+un] efu lng
kfpg] kl/efiff ug'k{ g]d { f xfn;Dd
gePsfn] esesfpg], ;f; km]bf{
ufXf] x'g], / cf}nfsf] 6'Kkf]df 3fF;
sf6bf vf]l;|Psfn] klg ckf+u eGb}
cj;/ lnO{/x]sf] cj:yf.
;/sf/sf ljlzi6 >]0fLsf kbdf
j9' j f l;kmfl/zsf nflu
sfo{s'zntfsf] dfkg ;"rsx
tof/ x'g g;s]sf] .
cfof]usf] k/fdz{ cf}krfl/stfdf
l;ldt ub}]{ nf]s;]jf cfof]usf]
;fdfGo l;4fGt ljkl/t sfo{ k|jl[ t
ug]{.
nf]s;]jf cfof]udf l/Qm kbk"lt{sf
nflu dfu u/L;s]kl5 ;f]xL kbdf
;jf u/L kbk"lt{ ug]{ k|jl[ t.
#= cfof] u sf] cufl8 /x] s f
r'gf}ltx M
sd{rf/LtGqdf sfo{;Dkfbg Ifdtf
eGbf Ho]i7tfsf] ef/n] dxTj kfpb}
kl/kfngf lkmSsf x'g] cf+zsf /x]sf].
lghfdtL ;]jfleq hgzlQm jhf/sf]
cJjn bhf{sf] ;d"xnfO{ cfslif{t
ug{ ljz]if Joj:yf / cfwf/e"t
sfo{ q mdx ;+ r fng ug{
g;lsPsf].
cfof]usf] sfd sf/jfxLnfO{ k"0f{t
;"rgfd}qL u/fpg cfjZos tflnd,
Ifdtf ljsf; Pj+ k"jf{wf/x tof/
ug'k{ g]{ b]lvPsf].
cfof]un] ;+rfng ug]{ k/LIffnfO{
k|efjsf/L Pj+ ;'lglZrttfsf] nflu
cfof]usf] s]Gb tyf I]fqdf cfkm\g}
k/LIff ejg tof/ ug'{ kg]{ b]lvPsf].
cfof]usf] ;+u7gfTds ;Ifdtf
ljsf; ug'k{ g]{ ePsf].
$= k/fdz{ sfof{Gjogsf] cj:yf
lghfdtL ;] j fsf sd{ r f/Lsf]
cjsfz pd]/ %* jif{jf6 ^) jif{
jgfO{ ;/sf/L sd{rf/Lsf] cjsfz
pd]/df ;dfgtf sfod ug{ lbOPsf]
;'emfj sfof{Gog gePsf].
lghfdtL ;]jfdf /xg] ljleGg
kbxsf] nflu Go"gtd of]Uotf
kl/dfh{g ug{ lbOPsf] ;'emfj.
lghfdtL sd{rf/L dfly x'g;Sg]
ljefuLo sf/jfxL ;DjGwdf 5'6}[
sfo{ljlw jf lgb]{lzsf jgfpg
lbOPsf] ;'emfj.
;dfj]zL kbk"lt{ Joa:yf cg';f/
s'g kb s'g lsl;dsf] ckf+utf
ePsf] pDd]bjf/sf nflu pko'Qm
x'g] xf] ;f] sf] lgSof}n
{ u/L /fhkqdf
;"rgf k|sfzg ug{ lbPsf] ;'emfj.
lghfdtL ;]jf P]g @)$( cg';f/
;DjlGwt lgsfoxjf6 l/Qm kbsf]
dfFu ;DjGwL hfgsf/L ;dodf lbg'
egL lbPsf] ;'emfj.
%= cg'et" u/]sf ;'wf/sf If]qxM
kl/jlt{t ;Gbe{ cg's"n nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u P]g @)&@ sf] :jLs[lt.
nf]s ;]jf cfof]u k|fb]lzs nf]s;]jf
cfof] usf] cljefjssf] kdf
e"ldsf lgjf{x ug prLt x'g] ;fy}
k|fb]lzs nf]s ;]jf cfof]uxn]
;+3Lo nf]s;]jf cfof]usf ;fdfGo
l;4fGtx / k|lqmofsf] cjnDjg
ug{, ;+3Lo nf]s;]jf cfof]usf]
cg'ejjf6 k|fb]lzs cfof]unfO{
;Ifd jgfpg, ;+3Lo nf]s;]jf
cfof]u / k|fb]lzs nf]s;]jf cfof]u
jLr k/fdz{ ug{ cfjZos x'g]
b]lvG5.
;dfj]zL k|ltlglwd"ns ;Ifd
lghfdtL ;]jf (Inclusion Based
Competent Bureaucracy)
;fj{hlgs k|zf;gsf] ljsf; ug] { .
hgzlQm jhf/jf6 d]wfjL (Talent)
hgzlQmnfO{ cfslif{t ug'k{ g]{ M
lghfdtL sd{ r f/Lxsf]
pTkfbsTjsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f
ug'{kg]{ M cfof]un] l;kmfl/z u/]sf
sd{rf/Lxsf] g}ltstf, ;Ifdtf,
sfo{ Ifdtf, pTkfbsTj, lhDd]jf/L
Pj+ pQ/bfloTj jxg ;d]tsf]
cWoog u/L lgoldt ;' e mfj
ug'k{ g]
{ .
cfof]unfO{ k|ljlwd}qL u/fpb} nfg'
kg]{ M cfof]usf] k/LIff ;+rfng
;DaGwL k/Dk/fut k4ltsf] ;+/If0f,
cjnDag ub},{ ;"rgf ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf]
qmdzM k|of]u ub}{ hfg]. cfof]usf
;j} sd{rf/LnfO{ lgoldt kdf
k|ljlwd}qL tflnd pknJw u/fpg].
ICT based Office Automation
nfO{ k|efjsf/L u/fpb} nfg].
qmdzM Computer Based
Examination nfu" ub}{ hfg],
cfof]usf ;j} sfdnfO{ qmdzM
online df cfwfl/t u/fpg].
k/LIf0f ljlw / k|ljlwdf ;'wf/ u/L
pDd]bjf/sf] Knowledge sf ;fy}
u'0f (traits) ;Lk / dgf]j1} flgs
JolQmTj / l;d'nz ] g cEof; ljlwx
cjnDjg ul/g] Assessment
Centre Methodologies (ACM)
qmdzM nfu" ub}{ hfg].
;dfj]zL lghfdtL ;]jf nufot ;j}
;/sf/L ;]jfnfO{ ;dfj]zL jgfpg
ul/Psf] cf/If0fsf] Joj:yfnfO{
nlIft ju{;Dd k'/o\ fpg ljBdfg
Joj:yfdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug{ cfof]un]
k/fdz{bfoL e"ldsf lgjf{x ug'{ kg]
{ .
/fHosf tLg}txsf sd{rf/LtGqsf]
cGt/;DjGw, ultlzntf, ;dGjo
/ sfo{ ;+hfndf cfwfl/t ;'zf;g
-Network Governance_ sfod
ug]{.
t]nsf] yf]kfyf]kf hf]ufcf}+
OGwg vr{ 36fcf}+
^= sfo{;Dkfbgsf l;nl;nfdf
ul/Psf cfof]usf dxTjk"0f{ ;'wf/x
ljB'tLo dfWod (Online) af6
pDd]bjf/xn] b/vf:t kmf/fd eg{
;Sg] Joa:yf sfof{ G jogdf
NofOPsf]. o;af6 cfof]usf
k|ls|ofx gjLg k|ljlw d}qL agfpg
;xof]u dfq k'us ] f] geO{ nfvf}F
pDd]bjf/xsf] ;do / nfut
art ePsf] ] 5. xfn ;j}
b/vf:tx online dfkm{t dfq
lng] ul/Psf] 5.
cfof]un] cfgf sfd sf/afxLnfO{
s|dzM kf/bzL{ agfpFb} nfg lnlvt
/ cGt/jftf{ a f6 ;kmn
pDd]bjf/xsf] nAwf+s kq (Mark
Sheet) cfjZos uf]Kotf sfod /xg]
u/L cfgf] website df ;+DalGwt
JolQmn] x]g{ ;Sg] .
/f=k=t[tLo >]0fL -ck|fljlws_ sf
nflu dfq nfu" eO/x]sf] ;fd'lxs
5nkmn (Group Discussion)
nfO{ /f=k=t[tLo -k|fljlws_ kbxsf]
nflu klg -!) k"0ff{sf]_ nfu" ug]{ .
g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgn] ;+ul7t ;+:yfsf]
kbk"lt{ ubf{ lnlvt k/LIff nf]s
;]jf cfof]un] lng] Joj:yf u/]sf]df
tbg'ksf] sfg"g hf/L geP;Dd
cfgf] ;+jw} flgs e"ldsf lgjf{x ug{,
cfof]usf] k|ltlglwn] k/LIff ;DaGwL
;a} uf]Ko sfd ug]{ u/L kbk"lt{sf
k/LIff ;+rfng ug{ cfof]udf gofF
dxfzfvf v8f ul/Psf].
;8s oftfoftsf] ;'ljwf gk'us ] f]
kxfl8 b'ud{ lhNnf 8f]Nkf / x'Dnfdf
tyf t/fO{df l;/xfsf]] nfxfg, k;f{sf]
lj/uGhdf k|fljlws ck|fljlws
/f=k=c=k|yd / /f=k=c=ltLo kbsf]
k/LIff s]Gb| /fVg].
b[li6ljxLg k/LIffyL{xsf nflu
ljleGg k/LIffdf ;f]lwg] dgf]j1} flgs
k/LIf0fsf] v08df /xg] ljleGg
Reasoning Test dWo] Abstract/
Pictorial Reasoning sf
k|Zgxsf] hjfkm lbg' gkg]{ tyf
;xof] uL n] v s cfjZos x' g ]
ljifout lnlvt k/LIffsf] nflu k|lt
306f !) ldg]6sf b/n] yk ;do
k|bfg ug]
{ .
k|zf;g xfd|f dfG5]xn] rNb}g.
k|zf;g rnfpg /fd|f dfG5] rflxG5
/ To:tf /fd|f ;Ifd dfG5]x lgikIf
/ d]l/6df cfwfl/t eO{ nf]s ;]jf
cfof] u n] 5gf} 6 ug' { kb{ 5 eGg]
dfGotfsf sf/0f nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf]
dxTj j9b} uPsf]5. jflif{s
sfo{ t flnsf jgfpg] / ;f]
sfo{tflnsfcg'k sfo{ lgikIftf;fy
;Dkfbg ug]{ / ;f] sfo{sf] hgtfn]
pRr d" N of+ s g ul/ nf] s ;] j f
cfof]uk|lt hgtfsf] cufw ljZjf;
/x]sf] :ki6 g} 5. nf]s ;]jf cfof]un]
g]kfnL ;dfhdf zL/ pFrf] /fVg ;s]sf]
5 / ;j{;fwf/0f hgtfn] cfof]unfO{
kTofPsf 5g\. o;sf/0f nf]s ;]jf
cfof]u Ps ;kmn ;+jw} flgs lgsfo
xf]. cfof]usf] ul/dfnfO{ rL/sfn;Dd
pRr /fVg cfof]u ;b}j k|ltj4, ;r]t
/ lqmofzLn Pj+ /lx/xg' kb{5 k|bz ] cfwfl/t x'G5. h'g df]afOn nufotsf pks/0fxsf] On]S6f]lgs g]6js{
nf]s ;]jf cfof]usf] kykb{zs x'g'
klg kb{5. -n]vs, ;x;lrj x'g_\ -
dw]z bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_
g]kfn cfon lgud lnld6]8
kmf]g g++= $@^@(&), km\ofS; M $@^#$&!
gfu]Zj/ b'Uwgfy dxfb]j dlGb/ hL0f{ aGb}
sf7df8f}F. wfld{s cf:yf;Fu} g]kfnsf] Oltxf; hf]l8Psf] wgs'6fsf]
dxfnIdL gu/kflnsf n]u'jfl:yt gfu]Zj/ b'Uwgfy dxfb]j dlGb/ hL0f{
aGb} uPsf] 5. k"jL{ PsLs/0fsf] lhDdf kfPsf h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf lhh'afh]
sfhL /fds[i0f s'Fj/ / wgl;+x v8\sfn] tTsflng >L kfFrsf] cfb]zdf
g]kfn pkTosf / lahok'/ If]qaf6 l;kfn' sfnLu9 lemsfO !*$! ;fndf
of] dlGb/ lgdf{0f u/]sf x'g\. snfTds Kofuf]8f z}nLdf lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of]
dlGb/df To; a]nfsf u'0f:t/o'Qm OF6f / laleGg k|sf/sf snf k|of]u
ePsf 5g\. dlGb/ lgdf{0ftfsf b'O{ ld6/ cUnf] ;'gsf] uh'/ dlGb/df
nufOPsf] lyof]. tTsfnLg /fhf lujf{0fo'4ljqmd zfxn] of] dlGb/nfO{
P3f/ wfgL{sf] 306f r9fPsf lyP. t/, ;'/Iff cefjsf sf/0f k~rfotsfndf
;'gsf] uh'/ / 306f;lxt ax'd'No a:t' x/fO;s]sf] Oltxf;ljb\ uf]kfn
e08f/L atfpF5g\. !*($ ;fndf /0fh+u kf08]sf] pbo ePkl5 yfkf
vns;lxt h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf lktf afng/l;Fx s'Fj/sf] ;j{:jx/0f ePkl5
@) aif{sf] pd]/ x'Fbf h+uaxfb'/n] e"ldut hLjg cGtu{tsf] s]xL ;do oxfF
latfOPsf] atfOG5. kl5 h+uaxfb'/ k|wfgdGqL ePkl5 n]u'jf cfO{ yk
k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP. ;f] qmddf !)* v'8s
\ Lnf ePsf] l;9L, ;fw';Gtsf
nflu kf6Lkf}jf, O{gf/, kf]v/L, kf]v/Lsf] pQ/tkm{ led;]g dlGb/, klZrddf
;/:jtL dlGb/, blIf0fdf gfudlGb/ :yfkgf u/]sf lyP. of] afx]s jfhfufhf
/fVg] 3/, !)* ;fw'sf nflu kfs 3/ / aflif{s !!)) d'/L p9fpg] Aoj:yf
ldnfOlbPsf] Oltxf;ljb\ e08f/Ln] ;+sng u/]sf] b:tfj]hdf pNn]v 5.
oxfFsf s]xL ;+/rgf !(() ;fnsf] e"sDkn] ;d]t eTsfPsf] lyof].
To;otf k'glg{df{0f / dd{tdf rf;f] glbO{+bf dlGb/ hL0f{ ag]sf] xf].
clxn] of] dlGb/df ;fdfGo k"hfcfhf ug{;d]t ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] 5.
wgs'6fs} klxrfg / Oltxf; af]s]sf] of] dlGb/sf] hL0ff]{f/ / Joj:yfkgdf
;/sf/L kIfn] a]jf:tf ubf{ a]afl/;] aGb} uPsf] :yfgLosf] u'gf;f] 5.
gfu]Zj/ dxfb]j dlGb/nufotsf ;Dkbfsf] lh0ff]{f/, ljsf; / k|rf/k|;f/
u/L ko{6s leqfpg ;s] n]u'jfsf] d'xf/ km]l/g]df b'O{dt 5}g.
ljdfgdf kmf]g ckm gu/] s] x'G5<
sf7df8f}F . tkfOFnfO{ yfxf xf]nf ljdfg r9]kl5 tkfOFnfO{ kmf]g ckm ug{
nufOG5. ljdfgdf kmf]g nufotsf pks/0f k|of]u ug{ kfOFbg} h:sf] aflx/L
g]6js{;uF ;DaGw 5. t/, s] ljdfgdf kmf]g cg eof] eg] ljdfgdf cGo
ljB'tLo k|0ffnLdf c;/ u5{< xf]Og eg] lsg nufOG5 ljdfgdf< Ps ofq'
cg'ej ;'gfpF5g\ -d Ps k6s a]nfotsf] lxy|f] ljdfg:ynaf6 ljdfgdf r9]sf]
a]nf kmf]g ckm ug]{ cfu|x ul/of] t/ d}n] pgLxnfO{ em'Sof/ vNtLdf cfOkmf]g
/fv]+ ckm gu/L. d}n] unt u/]sf] s'/f clxn] vf]Nb}5' . dnfO{ d]/f] sfd;DaGwL
dxTjk"j{ ;Gb]z x]l//xg' kg]{ ePsfn] d}n] kmf]g ckm ul/g t/ pgLxn] rfn
kfPgg\. clg dnfO{ s] yfxf lyof] eg] Ps kmf]gn] pl8/x]sf] ljdfgnfO{ b'36{ gf
u/fpg] jf hldgdf k5fl/g] cj:yfdf k'ofpg ;Sb}g. xfn} ul/Psf] Ps
;j]I{ f0fn] x/]s !) dWo] $ cd]l/sL xjfO ofq'n] ljdfg ofqfsf] ;dodf kmf]g
ckm ub}g{ g\ eGg] tYo aflx/ NofPsf] 5. ;+;f/el/ g} #))) ld6/ cyf{t !)
xhf/ lkm6eGbf d'lg p8\g] ljdfgdf df]afOn jf cGo g]6js{df cfwfl/t
pks/0f aGb ug}{ k5{. of] afWosf/L lgoddf k5{. lgodcg';f/ s'g} klg
ofq'n] nfO6 df]8df ;d]t kmf]g /fVg kfpFbg} .
nfO6 df]8df ;d]t kmf]gn] klg ljdfgsf] cGo k|0ffnLdf c;/ ug]{ atfOG5.
oBlk prfOdf ljdfg pl8/xFbf Nofk6k jf Do"lhs Kn]o/ eg] k|of]u ug{
kfOG5. xfdLnfO{ clxn];Dd elgPsf] s'/f s] xf] eg] df]afOn jf cGo pks/0fdf
cfpg] l;Ugnn] ljdfgsf] On]S6fl] gs k|0ffnLdf c;/ u5{ / ljdfg vt/fdf
k5{. vf;df of] l;4fGt OG6/g]6;Fu hf]l8Psf ljleGg Uofh]6; \ jf df]afOn
g]6js{ /]l8of] t/+usf] k|of]u u5{ / ljdfg klg hldgaf6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug{sf
nflu ;of}+ o:t} On]S6fl] gs k|0ffnLdf cfwfl/t x'G5 h;nfO{ PlePlgS; elgG5.
o;n] sslk6df ePsf AolQmxaLr ;~rf/sf] sfd u5{
l;Ugndf cj/f] w
of] s'/f s]jn df]afOn;Fu dfq hf]l8Psf] ljifo xf]Og. o;df lsG8N;, cfOKof8,
Nofk6k, xftn] v]lng] lel8of] u]dnufotsf pks/0fn] klg /]l8of] t/+u 5f]85\ g\.
o:tf pks/0fsf] lk|mSj]G;L ljdfgsf] PleP;lgS;df k|efj kfg]{ :t/df eof] eg]
o:n] /f8f/;Fusf] ;DaGw / cGo k|0ffnLdf c;/ ug]{ atfOG5. clxn];Dd s'g}
klg ljdfgdf kmf]g rnfPsf] sf/0f jf cGo pks/0f rnfPsf sf/0f b'36{ gfdf
k/]sf] Oltxf; 5}g. t/, of] klg ljdfg b'36{ gfsf sf/0fdWo] x'g ;S5. clxn];Ddsf]
k|ljlwn] ljdfgdf ;d:of Nofpg o:tf pks/0fsf] slt e"ldsf x'G5 eGg] kQf
nufpg klg ;Sb}g. o:tf sxfgL w]/} 5g\ h;n] ljdfgdf pks/0fx rnfpFbf
ljdfgdf c;/ k5{ eGg] k'li6 u5{. ;g\ @)!# df k|sflzt Ps l/kf]6s { f cg';f/
cd]l/sL ljdfg ;'/Iff k|0ffnLsf cg';f/ %) o:tf 36gf ePsf 5g\, hxfF ljdfgleq
ofq'n] pks/0f rnfPsf sf/0f ljdfgsf] ;"rgf k|0ffnLdf c;/ k/]sf] lyof].
clwsfFz cj:yfdf ljdfgsf] sDkf;df c;/ k/]sf] lyof].
;g\ @))^ ;Ddsf] /]s8{df !@% o:tf 36gf ePsf lyP, h;df
pks/0fs} sf/0f ljdfgsf] l;Ugndf ;d:of ePsf] lyof]. / && 36gf
hf]lvdk"0f{ g} lyP. To:t} ;g\ @))# / @))( df klg o:tf 36gf
;fj{hlgs ePsf lyP. vf;df ljdfgsf] k|0ffnL 6fG;ld;gsf] Ps k|lqmofdf
h:t} x'G5. ljdfgdf k|of]u ePsf] ;"rgf k|0ffnL / o:tf pks/0fsf] ;"rgf
k|0ffnLsf] l;Ugn Ps} vfnsf] x'g] x'Fbf o;n] ug]{ c;/af/] :ki6 8f6f
lgsfNg ;d]t sl7g x'G5. To;} sf/0f g} ljdfgdf kmf]g ckm ug{ nufOG5.
 @)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/ 5

aLkL ;dfhjfbL xf]Ogg\, /f]dflG6s lrGts x'g\

g]kfnL sfFu|];sf ;+:yfks g]tf
tyf ljZj]Zj/ sf]O/fnfsf] lgwg
ePsf] klg #% jif{ nfu]sf] 5. pgsf]
lgwg @)#( ;fn ;fpg ^ ut]
sf7df8f}Fdf ePsf] lyof]. pgsf]
:d[lt lbj;df g]kfnL sfFu;
]| n] ljleGg
sfo{qmd u/L lrGtg / ;Demgf ug]{
ub{5. cfh klg ljljw sfo{qmdsf]
k|f=8f= uf]kfn lzjfsf]6L
cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5.
ljZj] Z j/ sf] O /fnfnfO{
nf]stflGqs ;dfhjfbL lrGtssf]
kdf :yflkt ug]{ k|of; ePsf] 5.
t/ ljZj]Zj/sf] lrGtg, hLjgz}nL
/ pgsf] lqmofsnfkn] ljZj]Zj/k|;fb
sf] O /fnf slxn] klg ;dfhjfb
lyPgg\. pgL dfs{\;jfbaf6 k|efljt
ePsf] ePklg sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fsf
3f]/ lj/f]wL lyP. pgdf /fddgx/
nf] lxof / hok| s fz gf/fo0fsf]
;dfhjfbL ljrf/wf/fn] k|e fljt
u/]s f] ePklg ;dfhjfbL geP/
k|s[ltjfbL /f]dflG6s lrGts dfq
lyP. ;dfhjfb af/]df cleJoQm
u/] s f] ljrf/xn] ;d] t pgL
;dfhjfbLsf] kdf geP/
;fdfGtjfbsf] ;'wf/sf] cfbz{jfbL
;dfhsf kIfkftL / lrGts lyP.
pgL k|s[lttkm{ kms{ egL k|s[lts
hLjgnfO{ g} cfbz{ hLjgsf] af/]df
k|:t't u/sf] kfOG5.
ljZj] Z j/n] ;dfhjfbnfO{
;dfgtfsf] cy{df / ;dfgtfsf]
cfGbf]ngsf] cy{df k|:t't u/]sf 5g\.
;dfgtfnfO{ cfly{s / /fhgLlts
;dfgtfsf] cy{ d f lnPsf 5g\ .
;dfh b}jL ;+/rgf geP/ ef}lts
xf]. ;dfhsf] ;b:oxsf] ;jfl{\ws
;'/Iff / sNof0f ug{' xf]. sNof0f /
;' /Iff ef} ltstf xf] . ;dfhsf
;b:oxsf] cfsf+Iff / cfjZostf
k|foM ;dfg x'g] ub{5g\. o;sf] nflu
j[lQsf] ljsf; ug{ ;dfg cj;/
kfpg'k5{ eGg] pgsf] wf/0ff b]lvG5.
P]g sfg'g cGtu{tsf] ;dfgtfnfO{ g}
ljZj]Zj/n] ;dfgtf dfg]sf 5g\.
ljZj]Zj/n] cGo b]zdf ePsf]
;dfhjfb / pgsf] ;dfhjfbdf
leGgtf /x]sf] ;d]t pNn]v u/]sf
5g \ . sDo'lgi6 d'ns' xdf /fhgLlts
;dfgtf gePsf] / cfly{s ;dfgtf
dfq ePsf]n] pgL o;nfO{ ;dfhjfbL
dfGb}gg\ / k'FhLjfbL d'n's xdf
/fhgLlts ;dfgtf ePklg cfly{s
;dfgtf gePsf]n] pgn] o;nfO{ klg
;dfhjfb dfGb}gg\. pgL :jL8]g
h:tf /fHonfO{ dfq ;dfhjfbsf]
glhs k'u]sf] 7fGb5g\.
ljZj]Zj/sf] ;dfhjfbdf cfly{s
/ /fhgLlts ;dfgtfnfO{ dfq
a'lemPsf] 5. t/ cfly{s pGggtL
;dfgtf geP/ >d, pTkfbg /
ljt/0f;Fu ;DalGwt 5. of] JolQmsf]
Ifdtf / cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t
;dfgtf g} ;dfhjfb xf]. cfk"mdfly
s'g} zlQmn] zf;g ug]{ geP/ cfk"m
:jfoQtfaf6 >d, pTkfbg,
ljt/0fsf]sf] ;dfgtf g} ;dfhjfb
xf]. u|fdL0f ljsf; dfq ;dfhjfb
geP/ cf}Bf]lus/0f, zx/Ls/0f /
ju{;DaGw / ;+3if{ tyf cltl/Qm
d'No ;dfhdf ljt/0f ;dfhjfb xf].
t/, ljZj] Z j/sf] ;dfhjfb
ef/tsf] uflGwsf] k|efj kf/]sf]n] of]
s]xL c/fhstfjfbL h:tf] ePsf] 5.
u|fdL0f cy{tGqsf] ljsf; ;dfhjfb
xf]Og, ls;fgsf] ljsf; ug{' ;dfhjfb
geP/ ;dfGtjfbsf] ljsf; ug{' xf].
e";fdfGtL ;DaGwsf] ljsf; ug{' xf].
/fHo / /fHosf ;b:ox gx'Fbf
kf6L{ u7g ug]{ clwsf/, k|ltlglw r'Gg]
cflwsf/, ;/sf/ agfpg] clwsf/
sfg'gL zf;g, hfnL km6fxfxsf]
pGd'ng, lk5l8Psf hflt / ju{sf
nflu pGgltsf] nflu ;a} If]qdf ljz]if
k|f]T;fxg, zf;gsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fh:tf
s'/fx g]kfnsf] nflu ;dfhjfb eGg]
h:tf s'/fx k|:t't u/]sfn] ljZj]Zj/
:jod\ ;dfhjfbsf] ;f/df g}
cndlnPsf 5g\.
ljZj]Zj/n] gLlt lgdf{0f ubf{ xnf]
hf]lt/x]sf] ls;fgnfO{ x]/]/ ug{' eGg]
h' g s' /f JoQm u/]s f 5g\ . of]
jf:tjdf ls;fgsf] ljsf; / xlnofsf]
ljsf;nfO{ g} ;dfhjfb 7fg]sf 5g\.
t/, xlnofsf] ljsf; x'g', sd}ofsf]
ljsf; x'g' ;dfhjfb xf]Og. lgZro
oL zlQmsf] ljsf; Ps c+z dfq xf],
;du| xf]Og.
ljZj]Zj/n] cfbz{ kl/jf/ /
;dfhsf] lrq0f k|fs[lts cj:yfdf
/x]sf] kl/jf/sf] u/]sf 5g\. pgn]
;fgf] kl/jf/, Ps xn uf]? / ufO{
/x]sf] kl/jf/nfO{ cfbz{ dfg]sf]n]
pgsf lrGtgx ;dfhjfbL geP/
u|fdL0f k|fs[lts kl/jf/sf] kdf
lnOPsf] 5. Ps xn uf]?n] hf]Tg
;Sg] / Pp6} kl/jf/n] ug{ ;Sg]
sfo{nfO{ Pp6f u|fd /fHo / /fd
/fHosf] kdf ljZj]Zj/n] k|:t't
ug{d' f pgL ;dfhjfbsf] d'Vo wf/faf6
g} cnlUug k'u]sf 5g\.
ljZj]Zj/sf] pkGof; ;'lDgdfdf
;'lDgfdf / Ps hgf k/Dk/fjfbL
a|fXd0fsf] kl/jf/sf] lrq0f u/]sf]n]
pgsf] kl/jf/ klg ;' l Dgdf /
sd{ s fl08o a| f Xd0fsf] k| fs[ lts
cj:yf lrq0f :yflkt u/]sf 5g\.
o;/L x]bf{ ljZj]Zj/n] ;dfhjfb /
cGo s'/fsf] cfn+sfl/s zAbleq
9fs5f]k ug{ vf]h]klg pgL ;dfhjfbL
lrGts lyPgg\. ;dfhjfb ls;fg
eP/ ;Dk"0f{ >dhLlj hgtfsf] /fHo
xf]. of] 5'lPsf] Pp6f kl/jf/sf] Ps
xn uf]? / Pp6f ufO{ ePsf] ;fgf]
kl/jf/ ;dfhsf] xf]Og. of] t k|fs[lts
cy{tGq / ;dfh xf]. o;/L x]bf{
ljZj]Zj/sf] ;dfhjfbdf hlt;'s}
k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb elgP klg
pgsf] ;dfhjfbL ljDa / lrGtg
k|s[lttkm{ kms{ eGg /f]df~rjfbdf
cfwfl/t /x]sf] 5. pgL k|flrg /
k|f/lDes ksf] s[lif ;dfhnfO{ g}
;dfhjfb 7fGb5g\ eg] / of]
;}4flGts / Jojxfl/s kdf ;d]t
unt 5.
dfs{\;jfbaf6 k|efljt ePsf]
ePklg sDo'lgi6 ljrf/wf/fsf 3f]/
lj/f]wL lyP. pgdf /fddgx/ nf]lxof
/ hok|sfz gf/fo0fsf] ;dfhjfbL
ljrf/wf/fn] k|efljt u/]sf] ePklg
;dfhjfbL geP/ k| s [ l tjfbL
/f]dflG6s lrGts dfq lyP.
ljZj] Zj/n] s[ifs, xlnofsf]
;dfhjfbsf] ck"0 f{ JofVof u/L
cfw'lgstfsf] lj/f]w u/]sf 5g\. t/,
j}1flgs ;dfhjfb cf}Bf]lus qmflGt,
dhb'/ ;j{xf/f / zf]if0f/lxt ;dfh
xf]. ;dfhjfbL ;dfh >d, pTkfbg
/ ljt/0fsf] ;dfh xf] . o;df
Ifdtfcg';f/ OdfGbf/Lk"j{s sfo{ /
cfjZostfcg'; f/sf] cfk"lt{ x' g]
ub{5. cfgf] nflu :jfoQm zf;gsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ ePsf]n] of] ;dfh s"zn
Joj:yfksxsf] ;dfh xf]. dxfTd
uflGwn] ;Dejt o;}nfO{ ;j{ bo
;dfh eg]sf lyP. o;}n] ;dfhjfbdf
ljZj] Z j/n] eg] h:tf] JolQmut
:jtGqtfsf] :yfgdf ;fdflhs
:jtGqtf x'G5. /fHosf] pGd'ng x'g]
x'bF f df}lns clwsf/sf] k|Zg g} p7\bg} .
/fHo / /fHosf ;b:ox gx'bF f kf6L{
u7g ug]{ clwsf/, k|ltlglw r'Gg]
cflwsf/, ;/sf/ agfpg] clwsf/
sfg'gL zf;g, hfnL km6fxfxsf]
pGd'ng, lk5l8Psf hflt / ju{sf
nflu pGgltsf] nflu ;a} If]qdf ljz]if
k|f]T;fxg, zf;gsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fh:tf
s'/fx g]kfnsf] nflu ;dfhjfb eGg]
h:tf s'/fx k|:t't u/]sfn] ljZj]Zj/
:jod\ ;dfhjfbsf] ;f/df g}
cndlnPsf 5g\.
;dfhjfb ;a} lsl;dsf] zf]if0f,
pTkL8g, /fHo Joj:yfsf] ;dfKtL,
gLlh ;DklQnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;DklQsf]
/fVg', ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfdf /fVg' /
Ifdtfcg' ; f/sf] sfd /
cfjZostfcg' ; f/sf] dfd g}
;dfhjfbsf] clGtd nIo xf] eGg]
s'/fnfO{ ljZj]Zj/nfO{ la;]/{ tTsflng
/fhgLlts gf/fnfO{ ;dfhnfO{ JofVof
ug] { h'g sfd ePsf] 5. pgn]
k~rfotsf] lj/f] w sf] /fhgLlts
gf/fnfO{ ;dfhjfbsf] kdf h'g
k|:t't u/]sf 5g\. o;n] ;dfhjfbsf]
lr/x/0f ePsf] 5 / pgsf] ;dfhjfb
k| s [ l ttkm{ kms{ egL u| f dL0f /
j}/fuLxsf] ;dfhaf6 cnu /x]sf]
Psn kl/jf/ jf xlnofsf] ;dfhsf]
dfq ;'lDgdf / lqk'08wf/L sd{sf08L
a|fxd0fsf] ;dfhsf] kl/sNkgf 5.
o;} n ] ljZj] Z j/k| ; fb sf] O /fnf
;dfhjfbL geP/ /f] d flG6;\
/fhgLltdf klg /f]dflG6s / cfly{s
If]qdf ;d]t k|s[ltjfbL lrGtssf]
kdf /x]sf]n] pgnfO{ ;dfhjfbL
egL d"Nof+sg ubf{ pgsf] lrGtgsf]
cjJofVof x'g hfG5.
OlGb/f ufGwLsf] lghL hLjgsf] jf:tljstf
sf7df8f}F . ef/tsL cfO/g n]8L elgg] OlGb/f ufGwL s7f]/ km};nf ug]{
ljifodf k|Voft lyOg\. OlGb/f ufGwLsf] !)) cf}+ hGdhGtLsf] cj;/df km]l/
ufGwLdfly jx; ePsf] 5, t/ Tof] ax; pgsf] lghL / cfklQhgs kdf x'bF 5} .
;fdflhs ;+hfndf olta]nf OlGb/f ufGwL;Fu ;DalGwt Pp6f :6f]/Lsf] rrf{ rn]sf]
5. To;sf] sf/0f xf], hjfx/ nfn g]xsf lghL ;lrj Pdcf] dyfO{sf] !(&* df
k|sflzt k':tfj /]ldlg;G; ckm g]x Ph sf] RofK6/ zL.
olta] nf lsg rrf{d f cfOg\ OlGb/f ufGwL
;fdflhs ;+hfndf RofK6/ zL nfO{ lnP/ olta]nf rrf{ rln/x]sf]
5. o:tf] bfaL ul/Fb}5, of] ToxL RofK6/ xf] h;nfO{ Pdcf] dyfO{sf]
k':tsaf6 c6fOPsf] lyof]. of] RofK6/sf] c+z lgtfGt lghL 5 / To;df
sof}+ cfklQhgs ljifo pNn]v ul/Psf] 5. of] RofK6/nfO{ lnP/ km/s
km/s bfaL ug]{ ul/G5. Pp6f bfaL o:tf] 5, lstfadf o:tf] s'g} RofK6/
lyPg, t/ lstfasf] k|df]zgsfnflu k|rf/ ul/of]. csf]{ bfaLsf cg';f/
lstfadf OlGb/f ufGwLsf ljifodf RofK6/ zL df pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof].
h;df OlGb/f ufGwL / Pdcf] dyfO{aLr slyt ;DaGwsf ljifodf hfgsf/L
lyof], t/ To;nfO{ k':tsaf6 x6fOPsf] lyof].
jl/i7 kqsf/ s'nbLk g}o/ eG5g\, !(&& df ;+s6sfndf s]/f] lstfj
b hhd]G5 5flkPsf] lyof]. Tolta]nf dyfO{sf] /]ldlg;G; ckm g]x
Ph sf] k|sfzg ug]{ ljsf; klAns]zgn] dnfO{ lstfjsf] x:tlnlk k7fP/
of] lstfj 5fKg' sL g5fKg' eg]/ ;f]w]sf] lyof]. d}n] zL RofK6/nfO{ x6fP/
afFsL k':tssf kdf k|sfzg ug{ ;Nnfx lbPsf] lyPF. t/ kl5 of]
RofK6/ ;s{'n]6 x'Fb} uof]. zL RofK6/sf ljifodf s'nbLk g}o/ eG5g\,
d}n] zL RofK6/ kl9g, lsgeg] d]/f] To;df OR5f lyPg. s'nbLk g}o/sf]
bfaL ljkl/t ljsf; klAns]zgsf k|jGw lgb]{zs eO;s]sf g/]Gb| s'df/n]
aLaL;L;Fu eg], dyfO{sf tkm{af6 To:tf] s'g} klg RofK6/ 5fKg eg]/
cfPsf] lyPg. g xfdLn] To:tf] s'g} RofK6/ 5fKof}+. g}o/sf] bfaLnfO{
cl:jsf/ ub}{ g/]Gb| s'df/n] eg], s'nbLk g}o/ o:tf] lsg eGb}x'g'x'G5,
dnfO{ ;f] ljifodf s]xL klg eGg' 5}g. of] lgs} k'/fgf] ljifo xf]. Ps lbgdf
;of}+ lstfj 5flkG5 s;/L ofb ug{'.
n]v, /rgf;DaGwL ;"rgf
o; ;fKtflxsdf k|sfzgfy{ /fli6ocGt/f{li6o dxTjsf
n]v, /rgf / tl:j/x pknAw u/fO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg' x'g
;DalGwt ;a}df cg'/f]w ul/G5. k|fKt ;dfrf/ / /rgfx
k|sflzt ug]{gug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf/ ;Dkfbsdf lgxLt x'g]5.
k|sflzt gePsf ;fdu|Lx lkmtf{ gul/g] ePsfn] cfk"m;Fu
d"nk|lt /fv]/ dfq k7fpg'xf]nf.

ef/t / rLgaLr o'4 eof] eg] ===

sf7df8f}F . l;lSsdsf] 8f]snfd
If]qdf rLgn] lgdf{0f ul//x]sf] ;8s /f]Sg
ef/tLo ;]gf kl/rflnt eP kl5 ca
b'ab} z] aLr ;+efljt o'4sf] vt/f
d8fl/Psf] 5. s'g} klg a]nf rLgn]
cfqmd0f ug{ ;Sg] lrGtf ef/tdf b]lvPsf]
5 t/ lrlgofF cfu|xnfO{ j]jf:tf ub}{
p;n] 8f]snfdaf6 cfgf] ;]gf lkmtf{
af]nfPsf] 5}g. k"je{ f/tLo /Iff dGqL
d'nfod l;+xn] ;+;bdf af]Nb} rLgn]
ef/tlj?4 o'4sf] tof/L ul/;s]sf] eGb}
ef/tn] s] ul//x]sf] 5 egL k|Zg u/]sf
5g\. olb o'4 z'? eof] eg] cd]l/sf /
hfkfgn] ef/tnfO{ d2t ug{ ;S5< olb
To;f] eof] eg] o'4sf] kl/0ffd c? x'g
;S5< o; ljifodf clxn] 7"nf] rrf{
z'? ePsf] 5. ef/t / lrlgofF ;~rf/
dfWodxdf clxn] o'4 / kl/0ffdsf]
ljifodf lgs} l6Kk0fL / rrf{x z'?
ePsf] 5. ;fpy rfOgf dlg{ kf]i6n]
ef/tn] jf:tljstf :jLsf/ ug{' kg]{
n]vs ] f] 5.
rLgsf] lj:tf/ rf}tkmL{ kdf eO/x]sf]
5. ;8s, /]n, cfly{s zlQm / k|fljlws
ljsf;sf] dfWodaf6 rLg cfkm}F ljsl;t
eO/x]sf] 5. o;n] :ki6 ub{5 ls
o'/l] zofsf] e"/fhgLltdf 7"nf] abnfj
eO/x]sf] 5. rLgsf] zlQmsf] cg'ej
tfO{jfg dfdnfsf] sbddf klg ug{
;lsG5. 6Dk cfP kl5 klg cd]l/sfn]
Ps rLg gLltsf] lj?4 hfg ;s]sf] 5}g.
;g\ @))* kl5 lxGb dxf;fu/df lrlgofF
gf};g] fsf] k|efj nuftf/ lj:tf/ eO/x]sf]
5. dxf;fu/df lrlgofF hgd'lQm ;]gfsf]
pkl:ylt a9]sf] 5. e"uf]nsf] /fhgLltdf
k|fljlws zlQmn] lgwf{/0f ub{5 ;wF} . /]n
/ /fhdfu{sf sf/0f b'lgofFsf] b"/L sd
ePsf] 5. ;Dks{sf] o; ;fwgf/f Plzof
/ blIf0f Plzofsf] b"/L sd ug]{ k|of;
eO/x]sf] 5 / of] sfd s]an rLgn]
ul//x]sf] 5. Pp6f ;do lyof] ha zlQm
/f]d, aln{g, d:sf] / l;sfuf]df s]Gb|Lt
lyof]. t/, cfhsf] lbgdf rLg /]n /
;8sdfkm{t cfgf] kfp k;f/L /x]sf] 5.
rLgsf] tLj| ultsf] /]n / /fhdfu{
cd]l/sfsf] 6s + ?6\;sf] t'ngfdf ljzfn
dflgPsf] 5. o:tf] ck]Iff ul/Fb5} ls
rfF8} g} dflg; / ;fdfgsf] cfjthfjt
Dofgdf/af6 a+ufnsf] vf8L xFb' } kfls:tfgsf]
s/fFrLaf6 lu|; x'bF } 6sL{sf] :tfga'n;Dd
z'? x'g] 5, l/kf]6{df elgPsf] 5.
P;;LPdkLn] n]vs ] f] 5 rLgdf klxnf] k6s
z'? ePsf] /]n ;]jf l;lgaf6 Nxf;fsf
nflu ;g\ @))^ df vf]lnof]. ca rfF8} g}
of] sf7df8f}+ hf]8g\ ] of]hgf 5 / ef/tn]
rfx]df of] /]n nfO{g pQ/ ef/t;Dd nlug]
5. a+ unfb]z sf] 9fsf, O{ /fgsf]
aGb/cAaf; / k"jf]t{ / ef/t klg rfF8}
o; cfw'lgs /]n tyf /f]8 ;]jfdf ;fldn
x'g] 5. rLgsf] d]/L6fO{d l;Ns/f]8
kl/of]hgfaf6 ;fd'lb|s Jofkf/df qmflGtsf/L
kl/jt{g cfpg] 5. ;g\ !(^) b]lv g}
z'? eP klg of] clxn] tLj| ePsf] 5.
lrlgofF sDkgLxn] aGb/ufxx lgdf{0f
ul//x]sf 5g\. rLg lxGb dxf;fu/, clk|msL
dxf;fu/ An' O{sf]gf]lds uflnof/]df klg
sfd ul//x]sf] 5. rLg O{G8f] rfOgf
k|foLk cfly{s sl/8f]/;uF hf]l8/x]sf] 5.
of] klZrdaf6 / blIf0f rLg ;fu/af6
lxGb dxf;fu/tkm{ cl3 al9/x]sf] 5.
o;eGbf cem rfOgfkfls:tfg O{sgf]lds
sl/8f]/ / rfOgf a+unfb]z, Dofgdf/,
ef/t cfly{s sl/8f]/;Fu hf]l8g' 5. bf];f| ]
zAbdf of] eGg ;lsG5 ls :j]h /
dnSsfaf6 c/asf] vf8L / k"jL{ clk|msfsf]
t6 Ps x'g] 5.
l/kf]6c{ g';f/ rLgsf] b[li6 oltd}
;Lldt 5}g. dnSsf, Uj4f/, SjfpsKo',
>Ln+sfsf] XofDa]g6f]6fnfO{ klg lrlGxt
ul/Psf] 5. o;sf ;fy} O{yf]lkof;Fu
lha'tL / df]Daf:sfb]lv g}/f]aL klg hf]8g\ ]
tof/L eO/x]sf] 5. ;fpy rfOgf dlg{ ;]gfsf] cfw'lg<
kf]i6sf cg';f/ lxGb dxf;fu/df ;g\
!(*% k5fl8 lrlgofF gf};gfsf] ultljlw
a9]sf] 5. l/kf]6{ cg';f/ rLgsf] rf}tkmL{
lj:tf/af6 ef/tn] cfkm}F 3]l//x]sf] dx;';
ul//x]sf] 5. ;g\ !($& kl5 ef/t
?;sf] glhs /Xof]. t/, @! cf}+ ztfJbL
kl5 ef/t cd]l/sfsf] glhs k'us ] f] 5.
t/, rLgsf] glhs p slxn] k'us ] f] 5}g.
rLg / kfls:tfgsf] ;fdl/s ;xof]u
s;}af6 n'us ] f] 5}g. rfOgf kfls:tfg
O{sgf]lds sl/8f]/af6 kfls:tfg cfly{s
sfofkn6 ug{ rfxG5. rLg
If]Kof:q ;fKtflxs
yfkfufp, sf7df8f}+, kmf]gM (*$!$)#*%!
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com
c?0ff~rnnfO{ cfgf] ltJjtsf] e"efu
dfGb5. rLgn] ef/tf/f e'6fgdfly
x:tIf]ksf] cf/f]k nufpFb} cfPsf] 5 eg] s'g} klg sfd ;fgf] / 7"nf]
rLg g]kfn;Fu glhlsPsf]kl| t ef/t
lrlGtt /xFb} cfPsf] 5. x'b}g. >d ug{ glxrlsrfcf}+.
rLgsf] a9\bf] k|efjsf sf/0f
ef/tnfO{ cd]l/sf / hfkfg;Fusf] ;DaGw
>dsf] ;Ddfg u/f}+. pTkfbg /
glhs ePsf] 5. ef/t clxn] sdhf]/
l:yltdf 5. hfkfg h:t} cd]l/sf
pTkfbsTj a9fpg lzlIft /
;+/lIft 5}g. olb ef/t / rLgaLr
o'4 eof] eg] of] o'4 cd]l/sf / rLgaLr
;r]t agf}+ / cnfO{ klg
x'g] 5}g. agfcf}+ .
ef/tdfly x'g] rLgsf] sf/afxLdf
cd]l/sf cfklQ hgfpg ;S5 t/ df}lns
kn] o;sf] kl/0ffddf kl/jt{g cfpg]
5}g. ef/tLo ;]gfsf] cfw'lgsLs/0f
cToGt l9nf] 5. rLg ef/teGbf
;fdl/s kn] zlQmzfnL 5. ef/tn]
:sLs/0f hfkfg /
cd]l/sfsf] ;xof]udf ul//x]sf] 5.
o:tf]df rLgn] cfgf] >]i7tf sd x'g'
k"j{ g} ef/tnfO{ Pp6f ;as l;sfpg
rfxG5 l/kf]6d{ f n]lvPsf] 5. Unf]an
6fO{D;n] n]vs] f] 5. o; k6s ef/tn]
lrlgofF ;Dk|eQ' mfsf] uDeL/ pn+3g u/]sf] g]k fn ;/sf/
5. rLg o; dfdnfdf k"0f{ kn] tof/
/xg' cfjZos 5. gofF lbNnL rLgsf] ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dGqfno
kl/jt{g / ljsf;af6 lrlGtt 5. of]
pS;fj6k"0f{ sbdaf6 rLgsf] Wofg
ljsf;af6 cGt} df]8g\ rfxG5. ;"rgf ljefu
 6 @)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/

slxn];Dd af9Lsf] qf;df dw]z<

ljho ofbj
emG8} Ps bzscl3 sf]zL gbLdf
:yfgLojf;L lj:yflkt x'G5g\. kfgLsf]
axfj sd eP;Fu} k|foM :yfgLojf;L
otfs} pRr axfa cfPsf] af9Ln] ;Kt/L
lhNnfsf] vfF8f], dx'nL, hLtf, lqo'uf
3f]if0ff u/]sf lyP. ut ;ftf dGqL
kl/ifb\sf] a}7sn] klg kf; u/]sf] lyof].
k'iknfn
eFu]/Lsf] ofqfkl5
dg ablnG5
j}/ fuL h]7 f

cfPsf] af9Ln] sf]zL cf;kf;sf
lhNnfxdf w]/} 7"nf] Iflt k'ofPsf]
lyof]. sof}+ hgf 3/af/ljxLg eP,
v]tsf afnLgfnL gi6 eof], dxfdf/L
km} lnP / To; If] qsf hgtfx
ef]sd/Lsf lzsf/ x'g k'us ] f lyP.
xhf/f}+ dflg;x To; If]qaf6 Ps
lsl;dn] knfog g} eP. To;kl5 x/]s
;fn o:t} af9Lsf sx/n] To; If]qsf
afl;GbfxnfO{ lk/f]nL/x]sf] 5. bzsf}+
lalt;Sbf klg ltgLxsf] b'Mvdf dNxd
nufpg sf]xL klg cfPsf 5}gg\.
cfZjf;g eg] ;/sf/L jf u}/;/sf/L
;+:yfaf6 cfP klg ltgLxsf] kL8fdf
s'g} sdL eg] cfPsf] 5}g.
bzsf}+ lalt;Sbf klg To; If]qsf
afl;GbfxnfO{ af9Lsf] ;d:ofn] x/]s
jif{ ;tfO/x]sf] 5, pgLxnfO{ cfgf]
kl/jf/sf] ef]s 6fg{ klg wf}wf} kl//x]sf]
5. af9L cfPsf] a]nf r'/f, rfprfp
h:tf /fxt ljt/0f u/]/ hfG5 t/
km]l/ klg pgLxsf] kL8f ToxL+ k'/fgf]
g} x'G5. d'ns ' df /f0ff zfif0f h:tf]
hxflgFoftGq klg x6\of]. /fhtGqsf]
cGTo x'bF ,} nf]stGq u0ftGq hgtGq
klg cfof] t/ tL af9LkLl8txsf]
a:tLdf v'l;ofnL eg] x/fPsf] jiff}{
eO;Sof].
;Kt/Ldf jiff{ts\ f a]nf gbL tyf
cGo vx/] vf]nfdf cfpg] af9Ln]
3/df kmls{G5g\. t/ sf]zL nufotsf
gbLsf] s6fgaf6 k"0f{kdf ;Kt/Lsf
cfwf bh{g eGbf a9L uflj;sf s]xL
kl/jf/ k"0f{kdf lj:yflkt eP/
;fd'bflos jg, ;8s lsgf/f /
cfkmGtsf] z/0fdf afFlr/x]sf 5g\.
;Kt/Lsf s]xL uflj;sf em08} bh{gf}+
kl/jf/ cem} klg cfgf] 3/eGbf aflx/
a:g afWo 5g\. dlxnf afnaRrf;lxt
af9LkLl8t ha aflx/ a:g' kg]{ To;sf]
kL8fsf] d"No s:tf] xf]nf< ljrf/gLo
k|Zg ag]sf] 5.
/flt kfgL kof]{ eg] ljxfg}bl] v
8'afgsf] qf; x'G5. ;Kt/Lsf] :yfgLo
afl;Gbfxdf sltko 3/x 8'afgdf
k/]sf]n] elTsP/ ca a:g nfos g}
/x]sf] 5}g. ut c;f/sf] !%!^ ut]
cfPsf] af9Ln] ;Kt/Lsf sof}+ uflj;sf
dflg;xdf p7Laf; NofO;s]sf] 5.
af9L cfPsf] s]xL ;Ktfxd} dxfdlxd
k|wfgdGqL b]pjf / u[xdGqL hgf{bg
zdf{n] :ynut lg/LIf0f klg u/]sf
lyP. t/ ToxfFsf hgtfx clxn] klg
ql;t 5g\. bL3{sfnLg kdf af9Laf6
aRgsf nflu /fHon] s'g} of]hgf g}
NofPsf] 5}g. k|wfgdGqLsf] e|d0fn]
af9LkLl8tsf] 3fpmdf emg\ kL8f a9fpg]
sfd ePsf] hfgsf/x atfpF5g\.
tLg lbgsf] cla/n jiff{; Fu}
;Kt/Lsf gbLdf kl5Nnf] Ps bzs
gbLdf afF w eTsfP/ kgL
ufpFkflnsfsf] kf}jfF lkk|fxL, ;lxt
a;la6L, dn]7, hub/L, nf}lgofF,
d}gfs8]/L, j;ljl, ltnf7L, kf}+jf,
d';x/lgof lkk/fxL, /fok'/, nf}lgofF,
kgL, ks/L, /Dk' /f, dNxlgofF ,
/fhlj/fh, ltnf7L, ;s/k'/f nufot
ufpFxsf] ;of}+ 3/x 8'afgdf k/]sf
lyP.
af9L kLl8txsf nflu ljleGg
;+3;+:yfn] vfBGg ;fdu|L, ntfsk8f
/ ;fy} kfgL z'l4s/0f ug]{ lkmN6/ h:tf
;fdfgx /fxt :jk k|bfg t u/]
t/ bL3{sfnLg kdf af9L kLl8tsf]
;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf] af6f] eg] s;}n]
lbPg. lhNnf ljkb Joj:yfkg
;ldltsf] tYof+s cg';f/ ;of}+} kl/jf/
af9Lsf] sf/0f lj:yflkt ePsf 5g\.
af9Ln] To; If]qsf ;of}+ lj3f hUuf
8'afgdf k/]kl5 u[xdGqfnon] ;fj{hlgs
u/] sf] tYof cg';f/ !% s/f]8
a/fa/sf] Iflt ePsf] xf]. ToxfFsf
ls;fgxsf] laRrnL k/]sf] 5. af9Ln]
NofPsf] jfn' j f df6f] n ] k' l /P/
ls;fgxn] nufPsf] jfnL gi6 x'gs
;fy} df6f]sf] pj{/fzlQm klg gi6 eP/
uPsf] 5.
k|wfgdGqL / u[xdGqLsf] :yfnut
lg/LIf0fdf !% nfv C0f ;x'lnot /
@% xhf/ 6x/f lgdf{0f ug{sf nflu
n'|Lx
cfk" m nfO{ hgtfsf] ;/sf/ g;f g;feP/
eGg]xn] klg o;af/] s]xL u/]sf] lzIff eP/ p7\5g\
b]lvPg. dw]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf Psfljxfg}
dg;"gsf] ;'jftd} ;of}+ 3/kl/jf/nfO{ k'iknfn eP/
lj:yflkt ul/;s] s f] 5. o;n] sDd/ s;]/
sltkodf qf; pTkGg u/fO;s]sf] 5. sflJos ofqfdf
dg;"gsf] em/L cem cfpg afFsL g} e]nfePsfx
5. cem sltko 3/kl/jf/ lj:yflkt sfJo ;'gfpg
x'g] cfz+sf a9fOlbPsf] 5. af9L cft'/ b]lvG5g\
k|fs[lts k|sf]k ePklg o;sf] plrt sljx
sflJos dfr{ u/]/
Joj:yfkgn] of] l;FrfOsf] /fd|f] pkfo b'g}, vf/f / a]gLx
x'g ;S5. t/ of] pkfo x'gs ' f] ;f6f] xfdL;Fu} p7]sf5g\
hgtfsf nflu clezfk aGb} uPsf] kxf8 k|xf/ u5{
5. dg;'gsf] ;'df ePsf] af9L d'6'df
lj:yfkgsf] ;d:ofaf6 kLl8t s7f]/ s'lx/f l5rf]Nb}
ePsfxnfO{ tTsfn /fxt lbP/ xfd|f] ofqfdf u'l8/x]5f}F
pgLxnfO b]zsf] cg'el" t u/fpg'kg]{ ;}kfn / 3'rL{sf hF3f/df
5. cfF;' kufn]/ Ko"F5f}F
t/, /fxt dfq} afF8/] of] ;d:ofsf] Kof; d]6fpg, 3g3:ofxdf
plrt ;dfwfg x'bF g} . o;sf nflu 7f]; j}rfl/s sf]nfxn
bL3{sfnLg of]hgf ;/sf/n] Nofpg'k5{. gbLem}F alu/x]sf] 5
h;af6 af9Laf6 wghgsf] sdeGbf /fhg}lts lzv/df
lg/Gt/ plSnFb}
sd Iflt x'G5. hgtfsf] v]taf/L a9L j}rfl/s l;F9L 6]Qm}
;'/lIft x'g ;S5. o;n] b]zsf] xfdL nlDs/x]5f}F
' f] pTkfbgdf 7f]; of]ubfg lbG5. af9L sflJos o'4df
kLl8tnfO{ a]jf:tf ul/P pgLxdf lk|o k'iknfn
b]zk|lt ljt[i0ff k}bf u/fpF5. To;}n] sltn] sfJo n]Vg 5f]l8;s]
o:tf cfqmf]znfO{ ;dod} ;Daf]wg ug'{ kx/fx b]v]/
;a}sf nflu lxtsf/L x'G5. dw]z sltn] 5f]l8;s]
bk{0f lkmr/ ;]jf_ 6fs'/fx r9\g
xfdL n]V5f}F

5f]/L x'g' t ;l/tf h:tf]

sf7df8f}F . afa'cfdfsf] sn]hf]sf] dgdf]xg bo/f]u s]Gb|, dxf/fhu~hdf cfdfsf]. b'Oj{ 6} lduf}n{ fn] sfd ug{ dflgg] sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f s] Gb| n]
k'iknfn hLjgL
ju{b':dgxdf
wfFhfx kmf6L/x]sf5g\
kmnfd 5]8\b}
j}rfl/s s7f]/tf
6'qmf x'g\ 5f]/f5f]/L, 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] sn]hf]sf eO/x]sf] lyof]. ToxfFsf lrlsT;sxn] 5f8]kl5 ljut b'O{ jif{bl] v xL/fsfhLsL ;kmntfk"js { bf];f| k] 6s ;DkGg u/]sf] kxf8 plSn/x]5f}F
6'qmf x'g\ afa'cfdf eGg] egfOnfO{ sf7df8f}F sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu ef/tdf hfg >LdtL %@ jifL{of d~h'sf] lduf}n { fsf] 5, ca s]Gb|n] k|To]s dlxgf sn]hf] sflJos cf/f]xL eP/
dxfg\u/kflnsf!@, nug6f]nsL @$ ;Nnfx lbP. t/ ef/tdf ? Ps s/f]8 8fonfOl;; x'bF } cfPsf] 5, ca pgsf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ tof/L u/]sf] 5, o;sf
wfjf af]ln/x]5f}F
;f/f ofqfdf
jifL{of ;l/tf dxh{gn] rl/tfy{ kf/]sL %) nfv nfUg] atfPkl5 dWodjuL{o of] lduf}n{ f k|Tof/f]k0f ug]{ csf]{ ;d:of nflu tTsfn b'Oh { gf la/fdL tof/L sflJos z[+vnfx
5g\. cfOtaf/ dfgj c k|Tof/f]k0f kl/jf/sf nflu olt /sd h'6fpg ;Sg] 5f]/Lsf] ;fd' 5. ;l/tf elG5g\, cj:yfdf 5g\. Psnf PSn}
s]Gb|, eQmk'/n] oxfF cfof]hgf u/]sf] cfF6 g} ePg. To;}n] kl/jf/n] cfzf a'afnfO{ t arfof},F ca cfdfsf] lrGtf ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLl:yt DofS; rl9/x]5f}F
kqsf/;Dd]ngdf ut c;f/ !* ut] dfl/;s]sf] lyof]. pkrf/df ef}tF fl/g] qmddf 5, cfdfsf nflu lduf}n{ fsf] vf]hL ub}5{ f},F xl:k6naf6 cfPsf] lrlsT;ssf] 6f]nL k'iknfnem}F km'Ng
cfg} sn]hf] lbP/ %& jifL{o afa' lgbfg c:ktfn, nlntk'/ k'luof], ToxfF 3/df sdfpg] sf]xL gx'Fbf cfly{s / g]kfnsf 8f= k'sf/rGb| >]i7, 8f= lju|Fbf] 3/sf] ;dfrf/
xL/fsfhL dxh{gnfO{ arfpg] ;fFlxnL 5f]/L xL/fsfhLsf] kl/jf/sf] e]6 sn]hf] ljz]if1 ;d:of r'lnPsf] 5, a'afnfO{ lgoldt 5]tg] z]kf{, 8f= df]xgb]j e08f/L, 8f= g}ltstf x/fpFb} uPsf] dfgj
;l/tfn] afa'cfdf klg sn]hfsf 6'qmf 8f= bLk]z u'?jfrfo{ / 8f= k'sf/rGb| cf}iflw v'jfpg / cfdfsf] lduf}n { f k|jL0f hf]zL, 8f= bLk]z u'?jfrfo{, 8f= cl:tTjsf] xtf]T;fx u5{
x'g\ eGg] egfOnfO{ rl/tfy{ kf/]sL x'g\ . >]i7;Fu eof], To;kl5 ;'? eof] dfgj k|Tof/f]k0f s;/L ug{' eGg] lrGtfn] ;Dk"0f{dfg t'nfw/, 8f= ;'jf; cfrfo{, k'/f0fsf syfem}F
sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0fkl5 xL/fsfhLn] eg], c k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, eQmk'/df bf];f| ] sn]hf] ;tfO/xG5. sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0fdf ;+nUg 8f= cf/tL /fO{ nufotsf] 6f]nLn] sn]hf] jt{dfg g]kfnLx
d}n] hLjgsf] cfzf dfl/;s]sf] lyPF, k|Tof/f]k0f, h;sf sf/0f dxh{gn] gofF 8f= bLk]z u'?jfrfo{ ;l/tfsf] dfgl;s k|Tof/f]k0f u/]sf] xf]. r'6\t} nv]6]sf aGb"s ePsfdf
ca afFlRbg eGg] nfu]sf] lyof], t/ 5f]/Ln] hLjg kfP. 5f]/L ;l/tfn] elgg\, a'afnfO{ zlQm / kl/jf/ k|ltsf] dfofsf sf/0f o;cl3, ut dl\;/ @@ ut] blIf0f b'Mv nfU5
tf]kx lnP/, cl3a9\g' kg]{
cfg} sn]hf] sf6]/ lbg tof/ eOg\, arfpg] 7"nf] OR5f lyof], ef/tdf ? ;f9] xL/fsfhLn] bf] ; | f ] hLjg kfPsf] sf]l/ofsf] l;pnl:yt ;fd;' d]l8sn xfd|f g]kfnLx
To;}n] d}n] gofF hLjg kfPF, clxn] lgs} Ps s/f]8 nfUg] elgPkl5 cfzf df/]klg atfpF5g\. s]Gb|sf lgb]z
{ s 8f k'sf/rGb| ;]G6/af6 cfPsf ljz]if1xsf] 6f]nL clnslt kl5 x6]sf] b]v]/
v';L eP/ 3/ kms{b+ 5} ' . lj;+ @)&@ oxfF sl/a ? @) nfvdf sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f >]i7 g]kfn d} klxnf] k6s ut dl\;/ / g]kfnsf] lrlsT;s 6f]nLn] eQmk'/sf] dg lvGg x'G5
j}zfvsf] dxfe"sDkn] 3/ rsf{of], qf; ug{ ;lsg] s'/f ePkl5 a'afnfO{ arfpg @@ ut] z'? ePsf] sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f ;"ol{ jgfossf #^ jifL{o an/fd gfufsf] cfF;'sf j/kmxdf
a9fof], To;kl5 dlb/f lkpg] afgL nfu]s} d}n] cfkm}+ sn]hf] lbg] lg0f{o u/]F . dxh{gsf] clxn] bf]; | f] k6s ;kmn ePsf] g]kfnd} klxnf]k6s ;kmnkdf sn]hf] cfF;Ldf ;fFw nufpFb}
sf/0f sn]hf] v/fa ePsf] atfpFb} pgn] kl/jf/df 5f]/f 5}gG, rf/j6L 5f]/LdWo] atfpF5g\. sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu k|Tof/f]k0f u/]sf] lyof]. sfo{qmddf sflJos ofqfdf
eg], e"sDksf] 8/n] lkpg] afgL nufof], b'Oj{ 6Lsf] ljjfx eO;Sof]. ljb]zdf Ps s/f]8b]lv Ps s/f]8 %) ;f+;bo k|d] ;'jfn, /fd]Zj/ 9'n ] tyf sndsf lgkmxdf
To;}n] sn]hf] l;Wofof], ca s;}nfO{ /S;L xL/fsfhLn] rnfpFb} cfPsf] g]jf/L nfv k}ofF;Dd nfUg] eP klg g]kfndf k"j{ pBf]udGqL dx]z a:g]tn] dfgj wf/ pwfP/ xfdLx
gvfg] ;Nnfx lbG5' d. vfhf 3/ klg la/fdL k/]kl5 aGb eg] s]Gb|n] @) nfvb]lv @% nfv c k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|, eQmk'/n] k'of{xPsf] k'iknfnsf] af6f]df
8] 9 jif{ c l3 xL/fsfhLnfO{ eof], 5f]/Ln] rnfpFb} cfPsf] a'l6s klg k}ofFdf sn]hf] k|Tof/f]k0f ug{ ;kmn ;]jfsf] k|z; + f ub}{ o;sf] ljsf; / gfRb} ufpFb} lxF8\g' k5{
sn]hf];DaGwL /f]u nfu]sf] 5 eg]/ dlxgf}b+ l] v aGb 5, 3/df sdfpg] sf]xL ePsf] pgL atfpF5g\. lj:tf/sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ sflJos s'jfx vf]tNb}
kl/jf/n] yfxf kfPkl5 pgsf] pkrf/ 5}g. 5f]/L ;l/tfnfO{ lrGtf 5 t ca 8f= >]i7 eG5g\ ljZjd} hl6n atfP. /d]z lu/L ljrf/sf] df5f vf]h/x]5f}F
cfh xfdL
PrcfO{eLsf] pkrf/ ;Dej dlxnfn] a|f / k]G6L nufpg gkfpg] b]z sf7df8fF} . ;dfrf/sf] zLif{s k9\bd} f /f]s nufPsf] 5 / olb sfg"gsf] pNn+3g
k'ik d}bfgdf
plePsf 5f}F lxdfnem}F
alu/x]sf5f}F lgnf] kfgL ag]/
sf7df8fF}. cd]l/sfdf d';fdf ul/Psf] ;kmn kl/If0f kl5 ;+qmldt tkfO{+ 5Ss kg{e' of] xf]nf. clxn]sf] u/]df ;Vt sf/jfxLsf] k|fjwfg 5. ;of}F sfJosf] :kflt d}bfgdf
dflg;df PrcfO{eLsf] pkrf/ ;Dej ePsf] Ps cWoogn] hgfPsf] 5. xfn} b'lgofdf o:tf b]zklg 5g\ hxfF dlxnfn] jif{bl] v pQm sfg"g ld;f}/Ldf nfu" 5. sndsf lgkmxsf sjfh v]nfpFb}
;DkGg Ps cg';Gwfgkl5 cd]l/sL j}1flgsxsf] 6f]nLn] lqm:k/ hLg a|f tyf k]G6L ;d]t nufpg kfpFbg} g\ dlxnfxnfO{ leqL j:q nufpg /f]s xfdL k/]8 v]ln/x]5f}F
;Dkfbg k|ljlwdfkm{t\ ljgf ;+qmd0f dflg;sf] sf]lifsfaf6 PrcfO{eLsf] ;+qmd0f eGg] s'/f kTofpg ufx|} k5{. t/ ljZjdf nufpg'sf] cgf}7f] sf/0f /x]5. jf:tjdf /ftf l;kfxLxem}F
k"0f{tof x6fpg ;lsg] lgSof{}n lgsfn]sf] 5. JofS6]l/ofdf kfOg] l8PgPnfO{ o:tf b]zsf] sdL 5}g hxfF cem}klg Tof] dlxnfs} lxtsf nflu kf] /x]5. leqL cufl8 nlDsFb}
;xL t/Lsfn] ;Dkfbg ug{ ;lsg] lqm:k/ Sof; Ps ljlw xf]. o;sf] nflu dlxnfx lgs} tNnf] :t/sf] lhjg afFRg j:q nufpFbf dlxnfx cfd cd]l/sL 5ftLaf6
6]Dkn ljZjljBfnol:yt n]lj; s]6\h :s'n ckm d]l8l;g -Pns]P:cf]Pd_ / sljtfx, kfOnf ;f/L/x]5g\
afWo 5g\ / pgLxsf] :jtGqtf l5lgPsf] dlxnf eGbf sd ;'Gb/ b]lvg] / ;'8f}n lxkmfhtk"j{s
lk6;{ju{ ljZjljBfnosf cg';Gwfgstf{xn] dfgjLo gd'gf -Xo'dg df]8]n_ 5. g t pgLxnfO{ cfgf] OR5f lhp8fnsf nflu k|z; + fsf] clwsf/
nfO{ ;dfj]z u/]sf lyP, ;f] qmddf d';fxdf dfjg k|lt/f]wL sf]lifsf - xfdL dfem
cg';f/ vfg] :jtGqtf 5, g t sk8f u'dfpg] ts{ ul/Psf] 5. r/fr'?+uLsf lji6fn]
Xo'dg ODo'g ;]n_ sf] k|Tof/f]k0f u/L pgLxdf efO/;4f/f ;+qmldt ul/Psf] nufpg], 3'Dg] / af]Ng] g}. olt cem /f]rs s'/f t s] eg] ToxfF
lyof]. Pns]P;cf]Pdsf 8f=j]gx'O{ x'O{f/f ;DkGg ul/Psf] pQm cg';Gwfgsf cg'xf/ 5f]lkPsfx
elg;s]kl5 dlxnfxn] leqL j:q dlxnfxn] gfO6 ufpg nufpg klg k'iknfndfly cfqmd0f ug{
qmddf 6f]nL o;cl3 g} ljleGg l6:o'sf hLgaf6 PrcfO{eL gi6 ug{ ;Ifd nufpg gkfpg] sfg"g lgZro klg u/La kfpFbg} g\. olb gfO6 ufpg nufPsf] rlDs/x]sf j]nf
eO;s]sf 5g\. clxn];Dd ul/Psf cWoogdWo] lj:t[tdf ul/Psf] pQm tyf lk5l8Psf s'g} b]zxdf xf]nf eGg] cj:yfdf s'gk} lg dlxnf cK7]/f]df k/]/ xfdL k|lt/f]wdf plqg' 5
cWoogdf xfdLn] hLg;Dkfbg /0flgltnfO{ cem} ;'wf/ u/]sf 5f}. To;} nv sf6\ge' of] xf]nf. t/ xf]Og. b'lgofsf] p4f/ ug{ ' k g] { cj:yf cfPdf xfd|f sndsf lgkmx
qmddf xfdLn] of] /0flglt d';fsf] cGo b'O{ ;d'xdf klg k|efjsf/L ePsf] ;a}eGbf wgL tyf ljslzt / zlQmzfnL p4f/sdL{xn] To:tf] klx/g nufPsf] ;fyL n]lggem}F
kfPsf lyof} 8f= x'O{n] eg]. b]z cd]l/sfd} o:tf] sfg"g /x]5. dlxnfnfO{ p4f/ ug{ gkfpg] sfg"g klg d':s'/fpF5g\, d':s'/fO/x]5g\
cg';Gwfgsf nflu cg';Gwfgstf{xn] tLgj6f d';fsf] ;d"xdf kl/If0f cd]l/sfsf] ld;f}/L /fHodf o:tf] ToxfF 5. ;fob of] s'g} lg:k|efjL sfg"g cfh
u/]sf] lyof]. klxnf] r/0fdf ;d"xn] d';fnfO{ PrcfO{eL ! f/f ;+qmldt sfg"g 5, h;n] dlxnfxnfO{ leqL j:q x'g;S5. lsgsL clxn]sf dlxnfxn] ;'Sg} cfFl6;s]sf]
u/fPsf] lyof]. bf]>f] r/0fdf pgLxn] s8f lsl;dsf] PrcfO{eL4f/f ;+qmldt sndsf] lgkm eG5
nufpg aGb]h u/]sf] 5. ld;f}/Lsf] leqL j:q gnufpg] / ;'Tbfv]l/ gfO6 k'iknfn lhGbfjfb
u/fPsf lyP. t]>f] r/0fdf pgLxn] d';fxnfO{ k|of]u u/]sf lyP. sfg"gn] dlxnfxnfO{ leqL j:q nufpg ufpg gnufpg] eGg] s'/} ePg.
 @)&$ ;fn ;fpg * ut] cfOtaf/ 7

eLif0f ;\3if{sf] ljsNk 5}g lagfclS;hg * 3G6f;Dd

kmfl;jfb eGg]ljlQs} O6fnL / ;fdGtju{sf] clwgfosTj xf] eg] gofF dfcf]jfbL s]Gb|sf] u7aGwgdf ag]sf] 5, /fli6o :jfwLgtf r/d ;+s6df
sf7df8f}F. kfgLd'lg /x]sf] u'kmf cWoog ug]{ qmddf b'3{6gf a; af6f]
lal;{Pkl5 lglZrt ;dosf nflu nluPsf] clS;hg ;lsof]. * 3G6f;Dd
lagfclS;hg hLjg / d[To';+u ;+3if{ u/]/ Ps k'?if afFRg ;kmn eP.
a]lg6f] d';f]lngLsf] gfd cfOxfN5. hgjfb eg] s f] ;j{ x f/fju{ ;/sf/ g/fd|/L xlNnof]. pm ;'?b]lv 5. o:tf] a]nf qmflGtsf/L, b]zeQm,
crDdsf] s'/f tL k'?if s;/L lagfclS;hg * 3G6f;Dd kfgLd'lg /x]sf]
o;sf] ;fydf lx6n/n] hd{gLdf / sDo' l g:6sf] g] t [ T jdf dhb' / g} g]kfndf ;+;bLowf/nfO{ 6Ss/ lbg] k|ultzLn zlQmx r'krfk a:g
hg/n k|mfGsf]n] :k]gdf kmf;LjfbL ls;fgsf] ldqtfdf /fli6 o csf]{ wf/ gagf];\ eGg] rfxGYof] t/ ;Sb}gg\ / a:g ldNb} klg. g]kfnsf] u'kmfdf afFRg ;kmn eP t< l;:sf] u|]l;of gfd u/]sf %$ jifL{o tL k'?ifn]
zf;g rnfPsf] s' /f hf] l 8G5. k'FhLkltju{;xt hgtfsf] hgjfbL of] s'/f p;sf] dgf]ut lyof] / 5. s] G b| L o ;Qf bnfn rl/qdf
kmf;Ljfb d"ntM lgDgk'FhLkltju{df clwgfosTj xf]. cfhsf] ;+;b\jfbsf] b]pjfdfs] ;/sf/ PsLs[t hgqmflGt kfGtl/t x' F b } uPsf] olta] n f
cfwfl/t Joj:yf xf]. o;n] 7"nf rl/q bnfn dfq 5}g ls kmfl;jfbL kIfw/ zlQmnfO{ cft+sjfbL b]Vg hgtfn] j}slNks zlQm / ;Qfsf]
k'FhLkltsf] lgb]{zg, ;xof]udf lgDg klg 5. yfNof]. h;nfO{ klg alxisf/jfbL, ljsf; ug'{, k|fKt pknlAwsf] /Iff
ug'{ / cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf
v]d yklnof k|jflxt x'g' cfhsf] cfjZostf xf].
bnfn ;Qfsf ;a} lsl;dsf h+lh/nfO{
clxn] b]zdf czflGt 5, r'F8fNb} tyf hgtfsf] Jofks Pstf
sfod ub}{ cl3 a9]/ dfq xfdLn]
c/fhstf 5, /fli6o :jfwLgtf nlIft p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ ;St5f}F.
r/d ;+s6df 5. o:tf] a]nf hg;DaGwsf] xflb{ s tfk" 0 f{
;' b [ 9 Ls/0faf6 dfq PsLs[ t
qmflGtsf/L, b]zeQm, k|ultzLn hgqmflGtsf] ;kmntf xfl;n ug{
zlQmx r'krfk a:g ;Sb}gg\ / ;lsG5.
ut clk|n !% zlgaf/sf lbg 36]sf] pQm 36gfsf af/] atfPsf 5g\.
clxn] bnfn ;Qf cfgf] ;Qfsf]
a:g ldNb} klg. g]kfnsf] s]Gb|Lo /Iffy{ h] klg ug{ tof/ x'Fb} uO/x]sf] lhof]nf]lhsn ljifosf lzIfs u|]l;of ;d'b|d'lg /x]sf] u'kmf cWoog ug]{
5. of] lgs} 3fts / bb{gfs ljifo j}1flgs klg x'g\. ;w}+em}+ u|]l;of To;lbg cfgf] ;fyL kf}8Lafh u'lNnod
;Qf bnfn rl/qdf kfGtl/t x'Fb} xf]. ;Qf:jfy{sf] nflu h] klg ug{
d:sf]/fsf] ;fy dNnf]sf{ tfnd'lg /x]sf] ;flkSj]6f gfd u/]sf] u'kmfdf hfg]
uPsf] olta]nf hgtfn] j}slNks tof/ x'g] bnfn dfgl;stf ePsf lg0f{o u/]sf lyP. pgLx b'a}hgf sl/a Ps 3G6fsf] kfgLd'lgsf] ofqf
u/]/ u'kmfdf k'u].
g]tf / ;+;bLo /fhgLlts kf6L{xn]
zlQm / ;Qfsf] ljsf; ug',{ k|fKt b]znfO{ sxfF k'ofpmnfg\ ljifo
u|]l;ofn] atfPcg';f/ u'kmfleqsf] RofDa/df k'u/] ljleGg gd'gf ;+sng
ug{ pgLx b'a}hgf cnucnu lb;fdf uP. t/, u|]l;ofn] kms]{/ x]bf{
pknlAwsf] /Iff ug'{ / cfd"n ;fdfGo 5}g. t;y{, bnfn ;/sf/sf]
cfk"m cfPsf] af6f] kQf nufpg k|of]u ul/g] gfOngsf] dl;gf] 8f]/L sltv]/
unt /j}ofsf lj/f]w tyf kqmfp
kl/jt{gsf] lbzfdf k|jflxt x'g' ul/Psf g]tf tyf sfo{tf{xnfO{
r'Fl8of] yfxf kfPgg\. z/L/af6 pQm gfOngsf] 8f]/L r'Fl8Pkl5 b'a}hgfn]
cfk"m cfPsf] af6f] lal;{P. u|]l;of eG5g\ xfdLn] af6f] kQf nufpg] w]/}
cfhsf] cfjZostf xf]. bnfn ;Qfsf ;a} lsl;dsf h+lh/nfO{ tTsfn l/xfO{ '6\7f d'2f vf/]hL,
sf]l;; u/]sf lyof}F t/ ;kmn x'g ;s]gf}F. clS;hg la:tf/} ;lsFb} lyof].
cgfjZos w/ks8 / vfgtnf;L
r'8F fNb} tyf hgtfsf] Jofks Pstf sfod ub}{ cl3 a9]/ dfq aGb ug'{sf] ;6\6f pN6} hglj/f]wL
u|]l;of lhof]nf]lhsn ljifosf lzIfs ePsfn] pgnfO{ kfgLleqsf] To:tf]
u'kmfdf xfjf el/Psf] If]q -Pc/ ks]6_ x'g] 1fg lyof]. t/, b'a}hgfnfO{
xfdLn] nlIft p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ ;St5f}F. kmfl;jfbL xs{tnfO{ ;/sf/n] o:t}
pQm If]q lgs} ckof{Kt lyof].
lsl;dsf bf] x f] ofO/xg] xf] eg]
)))))) hgtfl;t eLif0f ;\3if{sf] ljsNk oxLaLr pgsf ;fyL d:sf/f]n] lagf ufO8nfOg cfk"m cfPsf] af6f] kQf
nufpg] eg]/ lgl:sP. To;kl5 u|]l;ofn] pQm RofDa/leq kfOg] Pc/ ks]6
g]kfndf ljZjljBfnox a]/f]huf/ pTkfbg ug]{ k|df0fkq ljt/s / k|1f x'Fb}g.
vf]Hg yfn]. *) ld6/ nDafO{ / @) ld6/ rf}8fO{ /x]sf] Pp6f RofDa/
xfdLn] ablnPsf] kl/j]zcg';f/
k|lti7fgx k};f p7fpg]sdfpg] 3/dflns ag]sf] olta]nf cy{Joj:yfsf] ;dfhjfbL rl/q /
km]nfkf/] / To;sf] dflyNnf] efudf lkpgof]Uo kfgL / Pc/ ks]6df clS;hg
x'g;Sg] ljrf/ u/]/ Tot} nfu]. pgL eG5g\ d}n] Pc/ ks]6 t km]nfkf/]+ t/
ljrf/fwfTds ljifoxsf af/]df s'/fx p7\g yfn]sf 5g\. s'g} klg To;sf] sfof{ G jog, ;dfhjfbL
s]xL 3G6fkl5 sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 a9\g yfNof], d}n] d]/f] 6fpsf] la:tf/} b'lv/x]sf]
hgtGqsf] ljsf;, cfd hgtf,
b]zsf nflu j}rfl/s csd{0otf / ;+qmd0f ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /f]u xf]. of] ;/sf/ / kf6L{aLrsf] ;DaGw, kf6L{
cg'ej ug{ yfn]+ .
;fdfGotof k[YjLdf kfOg] clS;hgdf )=)$ k|ltzt sfa{g8fOcS;fO8
csd{0otfnfO{ tf]8b\ } clxn] gofF / qmflGtsf/L ljrf/cGtj{:t' af]ss
] f] hLjgdf cEof; ul/g] hgjfbL
x'g] ub{5 eg] kfgLleqsf] Pc/ ks]6df % k|ltzt sfa{g8fOcS;fO8 x'g]
s]Gb|Lotf, ;dfhjfbL d"No / cfbz{sf]
PsLs[t hgqmflGt ultdf 5. g]kfn cfh klg cw{;fdGtL, ub{5. u|]l;ofn] cfgf] ;fyL d:sf/f] k'u]/ cfk"mnfO{ vf]Hg cfPsf] sNkgf
cg' k fng, ;dfhjfbL ;dfhdf
ub}{ a;]sf lyP. sl/a & 3G6fkl5 pgn] kfgLdf s]xL pHofnf] b]v]sf] /
cw{cf}klgj]lzs / gjcf}klgj]lzs cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5. ;Qfdf ju{;+3if{sf] l;4fGt / afXo e"ldsf
cfjfh ;'g]sf] atfP. t/, sf]xL cfPgg\. u|]l;ofsf] xfnt v/fa eO;s]sf]
cflbdf ljz]if uDeL/ aGg}kb{5.
bnfn rl/q xfjL x'bF } kmfl;jfbL aGb} uPsf] olta]nf g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/L lyof]. pgn] Ps 3G6f cufl8 pHofnf] / dfG5]sf] cfjfh ;'g]sf] t/
j} 1 flgs ;dfhjfb cyf{ t \
ge]6]kl5 sf]xL vf]Hg cfP ls eGg] ;f]rn] cfk"mn] ;fdfg 5f8]sf] 7fpFdf
;dfhjfbsf cufl8 s'g} klg xfntdf
zlQmxsf] cfd sfo{lbzf gofF hgjfbL qmflGt g} x'G5. g]kfnL ;dfhdf k'FhLjfb >]i7 x'g} ;Qm}g.
;sLg;sL Tot} cfP. ha pgL ToxfF k'u], cfgf] cfFvfcufl8 nfO6
an]sf] bv]. u|]l;ofn] x]Nd]6 b]v]sf] / cfgf] d'vdf clS;hgsf] df:s
ljsf; ePsf gofF ljz]iftf / ljZj:t/df ljsf; ar{Zj hdfpFb} uPsf] cfh ljZj ax''adf 'aLs[t x'Fb}
nfu]sf] yfxf kfP. To;kl5 pgL xf];df cfpFbf c:ktfnsf] z}o\ofdf lyP.
uPsf] 5. Enflbld/ k' l 6gsf]
lgud k'h F Ljfblj?4 n8]/ To;nfO{ k/flht gu/Lsg qmflGt ;DkGg x'g] g]tT[ jdf /l;og ljrf/wf/f zlQmzfnL
pgnfO{ p4f/ ug{ cfpg] ag]{6 Sn]d/ pgs} k'/fgf] ;fyL lyP. Sn]d/
eG5g\u|l] ;ofnfO{ hLljt} p4f/ ug{ ;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]rs ] f] lyOgF. pgsfcg';f/
cj:yf b]vfkb}g{ . t;y{, gf]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] sfo{ef/nfO{ x'Fb}5. pQ/ sf]l/ofn] cd]l/sfnfO{
Toltv]/ u|]l;ofsf] :jf:Yo lgs} gfh's lyof]. lagfclS;hg * 3G6f PSn},
7f8f] xfFs lbO/x]sf] 5. lrlgofF
PsLs[t hgqmflGtdfkm{t k"/f ug{ lg/Gt/ nfluk/f}F . /fi6 k lt ;L lhglkn]
To;kl5 a]xf]; ePkl5 pgnfO{ ToxfFaf6 aflx/ lgsfNg sl/a * 3G6f
nfUof]. pgsf] z/L/sf] tfkqmd #@ l8u|L ;]lN;o; lyof]. !% clk|ndf
ljZjljBfnox dfS;{ j fbsf]
kfgLleq k;]sf u|]l;ofnfO{ aflx/ lgsfNbf !^ clk|n eO;s]sf] lyof]. pgL
k'FhLklt, cfjf/f tyf Psxb;Dd s]xL lbgcl3 g]kfn sDo'lg:6 vf/]hjfbL / g]skfjfbL b]Vb} p;n] cWoogs]G b| x'g 'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8
eG5g\@$ 3G6f;Dd d}n] c:ktfndf z'4 clS;hg lnPkl5 7Ls ePF.
;j{ xf/fju{sf] cf+lzs tKsf klg kf6L{n] g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lu/tf/, w/ks8 vfgtnf;LnfO{ lbO/x] s f 5g\ . g] k fndf
dnfO{ p4f/ ul/Psf] lel8of] ef]lnkN6 6]lnlehg k|;f/0fdf x]/]kl5 d
;d]6\ 5. k'FhLjfb ulx/f] cfly{s lyof]. of] aGbsf af/]df ljleGg tLj| lbFb} Zj]t cft+s dRrfof]. clxn] ljZjljBfnox a]/f]huf/ pTkfbg
/f]Psf] lyPF. u|]l;of km]l/ ToxL u'kmfdf hfFb}5g\, hxfF pgL nueu dTo'sf]
;+s6af6 u'lh|Psf] a]nf ;j{xf/fju{ sf]0faf6 l6Kk0fLx cfPsf 5g\. klg kf6L{sf s]Gb|Lo ;b:o;lxt y'k|} ug] { k| d f0fkq ljt/s / k| 1 f
d'vdf k'u]sf lyP.
lgs} g} lrlGtt x'G5g\. Tof] lrGtfnfO{ g]kfn aGb tfTsflns sfof{gLlt;Fu g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ lx/f;th]ndf k|lti7fgx k};f p7fpg]sdfpg]
cfgf :jfy{ d f cfslif{ t ug{
kmf;Ljflbxn] ;dfhjfb
;DalGwt ljifo xf]. ;fdfGotof
g]kfn aGb clk|o g} x'G5. g]kfnL
x' g' x ' G 5. ;/sf/sf] o;k| s f/sf]
/j}oflj?4 h]n tyf lx/f;tdf /x]sf
3/dflns ag] s f] olta] n f
ljrf/fwfTds ljifoxsf af/]df
kfON; eof], d'nf vfg';\
zAbfjnLsf] pkof] u ub{ 5 g\ . ;dfhdf aGbaf/] Ps lsl;dsf] g]tfsfo{stf{ l/xfOsf] dfu ub}{ s'/fx p7\g yfn]sf 5g\. s'g} klg sf7df8f}F. kfON; /f]syfddf klg d'nfeGbf pQd ljsNk csf]{ 5}g<
d';f]lngL / lx6n/n] klg oxL u/]sf gsf/fTds wf/0ff aGg yfn]sf] klg kf6L{s]Gb|n] k|]; lj1lKtdfkm{t\ cfgf] b]zsf nflu j}rfl/s csd{0otf / d'nfsf] lgoldt / ;xL k|of]uaf6 kfON;;DaGwL ;d:of s]xL dlxgfd} ;dfwfg
lyP. dfcf]jfbLjfbL s]Gb|sf] clxn]sf] 5 t/ /fhgLlts hLjgdf slxn]sfxLF egfO klg ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]sf] lyof] ;+qmd0f ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /f]u xf]. of] x'g] ub{5. o;sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] kmfObf of] xf] ls d'nfsf] lgoldt ;]jgaf6
tyfslyt ;dfhjfb nfO{ oxL cy{df hgtfn] a' l/fv] s f] ljifoeGbf t/ ;/sf/sf] bdgfTdskmfl;jfbL csd{0otfnfO{ tf]8\b} clxn] gofF / kfON;;DaGwL ;d:of a9\bf klg a9\b}g. kfON; Pp6f o:tf] /f]u xf],
lng' pko' S t x' G 5. tfgfzfxL, dflyaf6 /fhgLlts sfo{qmdx lb+bf /j}ofdf s'g} sdL cfPg. cfgf g]tf qmflGtsf/L ljrf/cGtj{:t' af]s]sf] h;df z/L/sf ljz]if lx:;fdf x/]s ;do kL8f / hng dxz'; x'g] ub{5.
kmfl;jfb / clwgfosTjsf ljifosf To;n] c+ztM s]xL ;do gsf/fTds tyf sfo{stf{ l/xfOsf nflu ;a} PsLs[t hgqmflGt ultdf 5. g]kfn kfON;sf /f]uLsf ;fy ;a}eGbf 7'nf] ;d:of o; ljifodf 8fS6/nfO{ atfpg'
cfwf/e"t leGgtf 5g\, h;sf] rrf{ k|efj klg lbg ;S5. kl/0ffdtM k| o f; lgisfd ePkl5 kf6L{ n ] cfh klg cw{ ; fdGtL, xf]. t/, of] unt xf]. 8fS6/;Fu ;Nnfx lnP/ o;sf] pkrf/ ug{' cfjZos
ug]{ p2]Zo oxfF /flvPsf] 5}g. o;sf] bL3{sfnLg cy{ eg] ;sf/fTds jfWotfjz g]kfn aGbsf] cfof]hgf cw{cf}klgj]lzs / gjcf}klgj]lzs 5. cf}iflwsf ;fy;fy 3/]n' pkfoaf6 klg s]xL lbgdf tkfO{ of] ;d:ofaf6
k'FhLjfb ulx/f] cfly{s ;+s6af6 g} x'g] ub{5. g]kfndf cg]sg\ k|sf/sf ug'{k/]sf] lyof]. b]ze/ hgtfsf] cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5. ;Qfdf d'lQm kfpg ;Sg' x'G5.
u' l h| / x] s f] a] n f k' F h Lkltxn] /fhgLlts cfGbf]ng;+3if{x ePsf ;dy{g / Jofj;foL tyf ;/f]sf/ ;a} bnfn rl/q xfjL x'Fb} kmfl;jfbL aGb} kfON;sf /f] uLx?nfO{ ;fdfGotM d'n f vfg ;Nnfx lbg] ul/G5.
sDo'lg:6;j{x f/fju{ sf] bafasf] 5g\. tL ;a}df s'g} g s'g} lsl;dsf kIfsf] xflb{ s tfk" 0 f{ P]S oa4tfn] uPsf] olta]nf g]kfnsf qmflGtsf/L o;sf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] sf/0f xf], d' nfdf 8fO6L kmfOa;{ kfOg] ub{ 5.
sf/0f cfgf] ;Qf arfpg clGtd g]kfn aGbsf sfo{qmdx ;dflji6 kf6L{sf] /fhgLlts prfO yk]sf] 5 zlQmxsf] cfd sfo{ lbzf gofF o;n] :6'nnfO{ d'nfod ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 . o;af6 kfrg k|lqmofklg
k|of;:jk lgDgk'FhLkltsf] xftdf 5g\. cfh b]zdf h] hlt kl/jt{g eg] ;/sf/sf] 5lanfO{ g\ w'ldn hgjfbL qmflGt g} x'G5. g]kfnL /fd|f] x'G5. d'nfdf sof} o:tf tTj kfOG5, h'g kfON;sf ePkl5 x'g]
;Qf k' Ubf kmfl;jfb hlGdG5. ePsf 5g\, To;df gf]kn aGbsf] klg agfPsf] 5. ;/sf/sf] kmfl;jfbL ;dfhdf ljsf; ePsf gofF ljz]iftf kL8f sd ug{ ;xof]uLl;4 x'G5. o;sf ;fy} d'nfn] lr;f] agfpg] sfd
sDo' lg:6;j{ x f/fju{ s f] kf6L{ n ] e"ldsf /x]sf] s'/f ;'ki6 g} 5. rl/qnfO{ g\ gf\u]f/ kf/]sf] 5 / ljZj:t/df ljsf; ar{Zj hdfpFb} klg ub{ 5, h;af6 hngdf klg /fxt k|fKt x'G 5. kfON; /f] uLn] sfF rf]
k'FhLjfblj?4sf] ;+3if{nfO{ lgisif{df g] k fn sDo' l g:6 kf6L{ n ] hxfF bdg x'G5, ToxfF k|lt/f]w uPsf] lgud k'F hLjfblj?4 n8]/ d'n f ;] jg ug{' pko' Qm x'G5. tkfO{ rfxg' x'G 5 eg] o;nfO{ lkF w]/ klg
k' ofO{ sDo' l g:6;j{ x f/fju{ s f] ;/sf/f/f hgtfdfly yf]k/]sf] slyt x' G 5. g] k fn aGb klg Pp6f To;nfO{ k/flht gu/Lsg qmflGt ;]j g ug{ ;Sg' x'G5. cem tkfO{ d'nfsf] /; lgsfn] / klg lkpg ;Sg'
/fHo;Qf :yfkgf ug{ g;Sbf klg :yfgLo txsf] lgjf{rgsf] ;Dk"0f{ hgk|lt/f]w xf]. of] k|lt/f]wdf kf6L{sf ;DkGg x'g] cj:yf b]vfkb}g{ . t;y{, x'G 5. d'nfsf] /; ;]jg ubf{ eg] Psk6s lrlsT;ssf] ;Nnfx cfjZo
kmfl;jfb hlGdG5. g]kfndf hgo'4n] k|lqmofnfO{ vf/]h u/]sf] 3f]if0ff uof]. g]tf tyf sfo{stf{ v/f] kdf plqP. gf]kfndf gofF hgjfbL qmflGtsf] lng' ;\. tkfO{ d'nfsf] k|of] u ;+qmldt :yfgdf hng zfGt kfg{ nufpg
nlIft p2]Zo xfl;n ug{af6 r's]sf] kf6L{ s]Gb|sf] of]hgf / lgb]{zgdf g]kfndf eLif0f ju{;+3if{sf] g]tT[ j ub}{ sfo{ef/nfO{ PsLs[t hgqmflGtdfkm{t klg ;Sg' x' G5. clxn] t ahf/df d' nfsf] kfp8/ klg ;xh} kfOG5.
olta]nf ljleGg ;d:of b]vfpFb} b]z}e/ Ps;fy g]tf, sfo{stf{ / cfPsf tyf /St/+lht Oltxf;sf k" / f ug{ lg/Gt/ nfluk/f} F . tkfO{ rfxg' x'G 5 eg] of] kfp8/sf] k|o f]u klg ug{ ;Sg' x'g] 5. olb
kmfl;jfb xfjL x'g vt/f a9\b} uPsf] hgtf rnfodfg eP. hgtfsf] ;fy lgdf{tfxnfO{ g]kfn aGb ;fdfGo kmfl;jfblj?4 hgk| l t/f] w sf] tkfO{ ahf/af6 lsg]/ s]x L klg k| of]u ug{ rfxg' x'Gg eg] d'nfsf]
5. g]kfndf ;+;b\jfbsf] cfa/0fdf / ;dy{gdf /fHosf] j}slNks wf/f / sfo{g Llts ljifo xf] eGg] s' /f G8fnfO{ c} dfly p7fcf} F . kftnfO{ ;'s fP/ To;sf] r' 0f{ agfP/ klg k| of]u ug{ ;Sg' x'g ]5. Ps
of] vt/f tLa| aGb} uPsf] 5. zlQmsf] ultzLn Pjd\ k|efjsf/L hgtfn] klg /fd|/L a']sf 5g\. kmfl;jfblj?4sf] n8fOFdf hgtfsf] dlxgf lgoldt ;] jg u/]kl5 tkfO{s f] d'nfk|ltsf] b[li6 g} kl/jt{g
;+;b\jfb eg]sf] bnfn k'FhLklt tyf rnfodfg ePsf] b]v]kl5 sf+u|]; clxn] b]zdf czflGt 5, c/fhstf ljho cjZoDefjL 5. x' g]5. Ph]G ;L
 8 @)&$
sf= lh=;fn
k|= ;fpg
sf= b= *g+=ut] cfOtaf/
!^#@)^#^$

g]kfn===== SofG;/ kLl8t afnsnfO{ arfpg ;xof]usf] ckLn

x6fpg] lg0f{o u/]sf] k|flws/0fsf
dxflgb]{zs ;~hLj uf}dtn] hfgsf/L
u/fP. of] k6ssf] xjfO{ p8fg ;'/Iff
;Dk/LIf0faf6 g]kfnsf] cGt/f{li6o
pog dfkbG8 kl/kfngf b/
cf}ifteGbf a9\g uPsf] klg hfgsf/L
u/fOPsf] 5.
pklgoGqs=====
;dfwfgsf] dfu ub}{ ;fpg ! ut] (
a'Fb] dfu;lxt 1fkgkq a'emfPsf]
lyof] . ;+ u 7gsf k" j f{ ~ rn
ljZjljBfnosf ;+of]hs leids'df/
zfxLn] cfk"mx?n] ;d:of ;dfwfgsf]
nflu tLg lbg] clN6d]6d lbPsf]
atfpFb} jftf{ / ;+jfbaf6 ;d:of
;dfwg ug] { l t/ ljZjljBfno
kbflwsf/Ln] s'g} rf;f] gb]vfPsf
sf/0f cfk"mx? tfnfaGbL ug{ afWo
ePsf] atfPsf 5g\. ljZjljBfno
uDeL/ geP of]eGbf s8f ;+3if{sf]
sfo{qmddf hfg] zfxLn] r]tfjgL ;d]t
lbPsf 5g\.
^ nfv=====
j[l4 x'Fb} uPsf] atfP. dxfzfvfn]
cfj @)&@&# df kfFr nfv $*
xhf/ &&) ;jf/LnfO{ sf/afxL u/]sf]
lyof]. o:t}, pkTosfdf of] jif{df
vfN8fv'N8Lsf sf/0f !! b'3{6gf
ePsf] klg dxfzfvfn] hgfPsf] 5.
kf6L{=====
cufl8sf] uGtJoaf6 s6]sf] lyof].
of] To:tf] vf/]h xf] h;sf] ;DaGw
zflGtsfndf ;+;b\jfbL bnfnxn]
lbPsf] wf]sf, hgo'4dfly nflbPsf]
k|ltqmflGt, k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+;bLo
sf7df8f}F. sflnsf]6sf SofG;/ kLl8t afns lxd/fh lu/LnfO{ arfpg
ckLn ul/Psf] 5. ;fGgLlqj]0fL ufpFkflnsf! sf lu/Lsf] pkrf/df ;xof]u
rf}/L ufO{sf] /ut lkpg] d]nf
sf7df8f}F. utz'qmjf/b]lv Ps ;]jf k|jfx ug{ ;a} k|jGw h'6fPsf / /dl0fo b]lvG5. /ut lkpFg cfpFg]
ub}{ cfPsf gj/fh lu/L, ldng sfsL{ / b]lj/fd b]jsf]6fn] ;f] ckLn u/]sf ;ftfsf nflu rf}/L ufO{sf] cfnf] /ut 5f},+ 3f]8fsf nflu ! lbg cufj} a'ls dflg;n] ToxfFsf] ef}uf]lns k|fs[lts
x'g\. x]d/fhsf] pkrf/df ;xof]usf] nflu ;+jfb 8anLn] z'qmaf/ cfof]hgf lkpg] d]nf ;'? ePsf] 5. d':tfsf] ug{'kg]{ 5. ;'Gb/tfdf /Dg ;Sg] z]/rgsf] egfO{
u/]sf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf clxn];Ddsf] cj:yf / yk pkrf/sf] ljifodf ;b/d'sfd hf]d;f]db]lv sl/j $) rf}/L ufO{sf] /ut :jf:Yosf] nflu 5.laZjs} cUnf] prfO{df /x]sf]
hfgs/L lbOPsf] lyof]. sflGt afn c:ktfnn] g]kfndf pkrf/ x'g g;Sg] ls=ld= 6f9f kg] { ltlnrf] lks pkof]uL dflgG5. rf}/LufO{sf nflu ltlnrf] lks,d]zf]sf]Gbf] kf; / dgf]/d
eGb} lbNnL lng ;'emfj lbPsf] pkrf/df ;xof]u ul//x]sL ;dfh;]jL ldng glhs}sf] xl/ofnL ;f}h] n]+sdf d]nf pko'Qm df};dL xfjfkfgL, kof{Kt em/gfn] /ut lkpFg cfpFg] cfGtl/s
sfsL{n] hfgsf/L lbOg\. dWoklZrd If]lqo c:ktfnn] sf7df8f}Fsf] sflGt ;~rfng ePsf] 5. ;f}h] n]+sdf
c:ktfndf l/km/ u/]sf] lyof]. sfsL{sf cg';f/ x]d/fhsf] af]gDof/f] abNg' Psdfq rf}/L ufO{ kfng Joj;fo
kg]{ sflGt afn c:ktfnn] eg]sf] 5. cfly{s cj:yfsf sf/0f 3/ kl/jf/n] ;~rfng ub}{ cfPsf hf]d;f]d lgjf;L
pkrf/ gug]{ / !@ aifL{o x]d/fhnfO{ arfpg cfk"mx?n] sf7df8f}F NofPsf] e'lk z]/rgn] o; k6s klg rf}/Lsf]
/ut lkpg] d]nfnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg
pkrf/df ;+nUg gj/fh lu/Ln] hfgsf/L lbP. pgL x]d/fhsf] bfh' -dfOnf
a'afsf] 5f]/f_ x'g\. pkrf/ gkfP/ d[To';Fu nl8/x]sf] hfgsf/L kfPkl5 cfk"m ePsf x'Fg\. pgn] rf}/L ufO{sf] /ut
lkpg] d]nf a;]{lg >fj0f dlxgf kf/]/
x]d/fh arfpg] cleofgdf nfu]sf] sfsL{n] atfOg\.
JolQmut vr{af6} pkrf/ ;'? u/]sL sfsL{n] elgg\ ;'v]{taf6 3/d} o;k|sf/sf] sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ug]{
u/] s f] atfpF 5 g\ . lgnlu/Lsf]
n}hfg] / wfdL emfFqmLaf6 pkrf/ ug]{, 9'+ufnfO{ cf}iflw ug{' x'Fb}g h:tf s'/f 5q5fofF d f laut Ps bzs
x]d/fhsf cfdfa'af u/]sf] d}n] ;'g], h;/L klg x]d/fhnfO{ arfpg'k5{ eGg] cl3b]lv pgn] rf}/LufO{sf] Joj;fo
nfUof]. a'af jL/axfb'/ lu/L x]d/fh;Fu} sf7df8f}F cfpg ;d]t tof/ ePgg\, ub} { cfPsf x' g \ . ;f} h ] n] s df
!% xhf/ ?k}ofF lbP/ sf7df8f}F gj/fhnfO{ k7fPF, s]xL h'6fof}F t/ xfdLn] z]/rgsf] sl/j ;oeGbf a9L rf}/L r/0fIf]q / pRrkxf8L lxdfnL If]qdf tyf afXo ko{ 6snfO{ cfglGbt
;f]Fr]eGbf w]/} vr{ nfUg] eof]. xfdL PSn}n] g;Sg] ePsf sf/0f ;a};Fu ufO{ 5. tLdWo] o;jif{ sl/j %) /x]sf] / b}lgs cfxf/ laxf/sf nflu t'NofpFg] pgn] ;'gfP. ;fljssf] 6'sr ' ]
;xof]usf] nflu cg'/f]w ub{5f}F sfsL{n] kqsf/ ;Dd]ngdf elgg\. s]xL
;xof]u h'6]sf] t/ Toltn] gk'Ug] pgn] atfOg\. eQmk'/ dfOtL 3/ ePsL
eGbf a9L rf}/L ufO{sf] /ut lgsfn]/
Ps ;ftf;Dd laqmLsf nflu v'Nnf
jGo hl6a'6L / jg:ktL vfg kfpFg]
ePsf] x'Fbf rf}/LufO{sf] cfnf] /ut
uflj; dfr]{ n]sdf klg utcfO{tjf/b]lv
o;k|sf/sf] /ut lkpFg] d]nf ;+~rfng
sfsL{ sf]lknf EofnL ;]jf ;dfh ;'v]{tdf sfd u5{g\.
ug]{ z]/rgn] atfP. z]/rgn] rf}/L :jf:ysf nflu pkof]uL dflgPsf] xf]. ePsf] 5. 6'sr ' b] l] v sl/j & 306fsf]
lrlsT;sx?n] !) lbgleq af]gDof/f] 6fG;knfG6 ug{ eg]sf 5g\ t/ ufO{sf] /ut lkpFg cfpFg]sf nflu pRrkxf8L lxdfnL n]sdf kfO{g] psfnf] r9]/ dfq dfr]{ n]sdf k"Ug
cfly{s cefjsf sf/0f cfk"mx?n] pkrf/ ;'? ug{ g;s]sf] bfh' gj/fhn]
o;k6s klg SoflDk ;~rfng kfFrcf}n],lg/d;L,h6f d;L / of;f{ ;lsG5.o; n]s + df klg dflg;x /ut
hfgsf/L lbP. sIff ;ftdf cWoog/t x]d/fhsL cfdfn] pgnfO{ !% dlxgfsf] u/]sf 5g\. hf]d;f]db]lv s};f u'Daf h:tf aGo hl6a'6L rf}/LufO{n] lkpFg cfO{l/Psf 5g\.rf}/Lsf] /ut lkpFg
5f]8/] csf]{;uF ljjfx u/]/ uPsf] / a'afn] klg csL{ cfdf NofP/ cnUu} a:b} SofDk;Ddsf] #) lsnf]ld6/ b'/L;Dd vfg] x'Fbf cfnf] /utn] lkpFgfn] k]6 cfpFg] qmddf dflg;x d':tfdf /x]sf]
cfPsf 5g\. pgL 7"nf] a'afsf] 3/df a:b} cfPsf lyP. ;xof]usf nflu kLl8t df]6/ ;fO{sn jf 6\ofS6/ k"Ug] u/]sf] ;DaGwL ;+Dk"0f{ /f]ux lgsf] x'g] wfdL{s :yn d'lQmgfy / sfua]gLsf]
lu/Lsf bfh' gj/fhsf gfddf /x]sf] d]uf a}+s -dxf/fhu~h zfvf_ sf] vftf g+ 5. s};f SofDkb]lv ;f}h];Ddsf] laZjf; ul/G5. /utn] dflg;sf] bz{g u/]/ kms{g] u/]sf] kfO{G5./ut
)@)))%))*%@^& df ;xof]u hDdf ug{ cfu|x ul/Psf] 5. sl/j !) ls=ld=af6f] psfnf] pSng zfl//Ls :km' t L{ ;d] t a9fpF g ] lkpFg] k|of]hgdf dflg;x d':tfsf]
sl/j ! 306fsf] ;do nfUg] z]/rgsf] z] / rgsf] egfO{ 5.;f} h ] n] s km/s e' u f] n x] / ] / /dfpF g ]
tTjxn] ug{ ;Sg] s'/f lyPg. of] klg vt/gfs k| j [ l Q xf] . egfO{ 5. pgn] eg]o;k6s k}bn PsfGtdo xl/ofnL :yfgdf ub{5g\.d]nfdf tL/ xfGg] v]nsf ;fy}
cys, lgM:jfy{ qmflGtdf a9\g ;Sg] qmflGtsf/Lx o; ljifodf ;r]t x'g lx8\g g;Sg]sf nflu 3f]8fsf] ;d]t kb{5 .n]s+ af6 k" j{sf] lgnlu/L / cfk;df gfrufg u/L /dfO{nf] ug]{
of]4fxn] ug{ ;Sg] k|Zg xf]. cfjZos 5. Joj:yf u/]sf 5f}+, ;:tf] / ;'ljwfo"Qm klZrdsf] wf}nflu/L lxdfn dgdf]xs ul/G5.

h+uaxfb'/sf] q'm/tf / zlQm

Joj:yf -u0ftGq;lxtsf] ;+;bLo
Joj:yf_ sf] k' g :yf{ k gf,
cj;/jfbLxsf] cfTd;dk{0flj?4
rn]sf] ;if{ / g]kfnL qmflGtnfO{
lg/Gt/tfdf cufl8 a9fpg ul/Psf]
kxn;Fu ;DalGwt 5. r'gfjsf]
vf/]hL dfq xf]Og, k|ltlqmofjfbL
;+ ; bLo Joj:yfs} vf/] h L;F u
;DalGwt 5. of] s'g } x' ltxf/f
>Ldfg\ s f] k" mtL{ h :tf] xf] O g hf]
:jfledfgL >LdtLsf ;fd' lr;f] kfgL
yfKg tof/ xf];\. of] To:tf] rfgL
ljrf/sf] cleJolQm xf] hf] k]l/;sf]
j]lnen kfvf]df Ps lrxfg x'Fbf klg
dfgjd'lQmsf] dxfg\ cfbz{nfO{ arfpg
c6n eP/ plePsf] lyof]. o;nfO{
To:tf b'O{ sf}8Lsf dfG5]n] a'g ;Dej
5}g hf] /Tgkfs{sf] eL8df x/If0f
cfk"mnfO{ sf}8Lsf] efpdf a]Rg tof/
5g\ . h;sf] /fhgLlts lrGtg
sf]7fb]lv /Tgkfs{;Dd klg l6Sg
;Sb}g. xf], xfd|f] r'gfj vf/]haf/]
e|fds k|rf/ ug]{ dfG5] To:t} x'g\.
r'gfj vf/]h cft lyPg, Tof]
qmflGtsf] Ps s8L lyof]. hgtfnfO{
g]t[Tj lbg, hgtfnfO{ clkn ub}{
hgtfsf] ;fy / ;xof]udf cfg}
;fk]Iftfdf cufl8 a9fOPsf] cleofg
lyof] . of] s' g } b] v fj6L lyPg,
/fHonfO{ r'gf}tL v8f ub}{ / cfgf]
p2]Zo k|:t't ug{ ;fl/Psf] cleofg
lyof]. o;df qmflGtsf/Lx hf]z /
;fx;sf ;fy df]rf{df 86], sf]xL lgr
:jfy{sf nflu xfdL;Fu cfPsf lyP
eg] tL 9f]8h:tf] nq\ofsn'q's klg
eP t/ qmflGtdf 3'F8f 6]Sg]sf] lx;fa
xF'b}g. cleofg xfFSg]xsf] lx;fa
x'G5. xfd|f] kf6L{k+lQm k"/} b[9tfsf
;fy cufl8 a9]sf] 5 / cfgf] p2]Zo
k"/f ug{ ;kmn ePsf] 5. ;DejtM
oxfFg]/ qmflGtsf/Lxsf] ljj]snfO{
pQ]hgfsf] nx8df ws]n]/ qmflGtnfO{
cftsf] r]k'jfdf kfg] { bnfn /
k|ltlqmofjfbLxsf] ;f]rfOn] xfjf
vfPsf] 5.
vf/]h cleofgdf Pshgf sd/]8
/ Pshgf o'js b'O{hgfsf] ;xfbt
eof]. tLghgfnfO{ uf]nL nfUof] /
3fOt] x'g'x'G5. ;ft ;oeGbf w]/}
sd/]8x lu/tf/ x'g'eof], h]n
hfg'eof], d'2f em]ln/xg'ePsf] 5,
oftgf vKg'ePsf] 5, b;f}F nfv w/f}6L
k/]sf] 5. t/, kf6L{ g]tf, sfo{stf{,
qmflGtsf/L hgtf b[ 9tfsf ;fy
cleofgdf 86\g'eof] / cfh klg ;a}
sd/]8x Ps c7f]6sf ;fy sfddf
;lqmo x'gx' 'G5. of] s'/fn] dfq qmflGt
ul/6f] k Ng] s' g } :jfyL{ , lgD5/f
If]Kof:q k|sfzg s]Gb|f/f k|sflzt, ;Dkfbs M /fh]Gb|k|;fb lrdf}l/of, sfof{no M yfkfufpF, sf7df8f}F, df]afOn M (*$!$)#*%!,
E-mail : chhepyastra@gmail.com,website: www.janakhabar.com d'bs
xfdL ha hgtfdf x]5f}{+ bnfn
;+ ; b\ j fbL tTjxsf /fi6 3ftL,
hg3ftL, e|i6frf/, bnfnL, ;'bvf]/L,
t:s/L, sld;gvf]/L b]v]/ jfSslbSs
ePsf] / o;nfO{ ;dfKt ug]{ ljrf/,
;if{ / g]t[Tjsf] vf]hL ul//x]sf]
kfpF5f}F. cfhsf] ldltdf Tof] cfzf
xfd|f] kf6L{ jl/kl/ s]lGb|t x'Fb} uPsf]
klg :ki6 5. w]/} a'l4hLlj, Joj;foL,
sd{rf/L, pBf]uL, ls;fg, dhb'/,
>lds ju{n] kf6L{nfO{ dxTjk"0f{ ;'emfj
lbg] ug{'ePsf] 5, kf6L{af6 ;xof]usf]
ck] I ff /fVg' e Psf] 5 / cfd" n
kl/jt{gsf] g]t[Tj xf];\ eGg] ;b\efj
JoQm ug{e' Psf] 5 of] xfd|f nflu lgs}
;'vb / ;sf/fTds r'gf}tL /x]sf] 5.
xfd|f] lgisif{ 5 qmflGt hgtfsf]
pHHjn eljio / zflGtsf nflu xf].
o;df hgtfsf] ;xeflutf / ;xof]u
clgjfo{ g} x'G5. xfdL To;nfO{ c
ljsf; ug{ tTk/ ePsf 5f}F.
xfdLn] zflGtkl5sf] Pp6f ;if{
ef] Uof} F . o;df kf6L{ k\ lSt v/f]
plqPsf] 5. xfdL h] /fd|f] u/]sf 5f}F
To;df uj{ u5f}{+ / To;sf] ljsf;
u5f}{+. xfd|f] hxfFg]/ ck'u ePsf] 5
To;nfO{ k"/f u5f}{+. h'g ljifodf
sdhf]/L ePsf] 5 To;df uDeL/ 5f}F
/ To;nfO{ ;Rofpg tof/ 5f}F. ck'u
/ sdhf]/Ldf xfdL w]/} lrlGtt 5}gf}F .
lsgls xfdL qmflGtsf/L xf}F. xfdLn]
qmflGt ug{' 5. ;Dk"0f{ tfutsf ;fy
qmflGt ul/5f8\g] 5f}F. qmflGt k"/f
ug{ hlt sl7gfO ef]Ug'k5{ / d"No
r' Q mf ug{ ' k 5{ To;sf] t' n gfdf
sdhf]/L ;Rofpg s'g} ;d:of kb}g{ .
sdhf]/L s'g cdf b]lvPsf] 5
To;nfO{ s;/L pkrf/ ug{ ' k5{ ,
pkrf/sf nflu s] ljlw ckgfpg'k5{
To;df s'g} ;d:of x'Gg.
qmflGtsf] af]waf6 sdhf]/Lx
;xh k|sf/n] ;Rofpg ;S5f}F. ha
xfdL qmflGtsf] kxf8 kf/ ug{ tof/
5f}F eg] xfdL lsg lg/f; x'g] s]
sf/0fn] lg/fz x'g] of] s;n], sxfF /
slxn] eGof]< xFb' } gePsf] ljiffn' xfjf
km}nfpg] / b"lift k|rf/ ug]{< o:tf]
k| rf/ ug] { tTjx sf] af6 lsg
;~rflnt 5g\, qmflGtsf/Lxn] a'g
/ o:tf tTjnfO{ pv]n]/ kmfNg h?/L
5. kf6L{sf] qmflGtsf/L ljrf/, ;if{,
Tofu / alnbfgaf/] s ;Dd gn]Vg]
t/ x'Fb} gePsf jflxoft k|rf/ ug]{
tTjxnfO{ s'g} klg xfntdf qmflGtn]
5' 6 lbF b} g . cfgf] vNtL eg{ ,
hgtfsf j}/LxnfO{ v';L kfg{ /
hgtfdf lg/fzf 5g{ o:tf] t'R5 sfo{
ug{' eg]sf] aGb's le/]sf] zq'eGbf
r'gfj vf/]h cleofgdf efu
lnP/ kf6L{ cf/gaf6 lgl:sPsf]
kmnfdh:tf] v/f] ePsf] 5. o;sf
s]xL 3fpx em/]sf 5g\. kf6L{n]
k|ltlqmofjfbL ;+;bLo Joj:yfsf]
;zQm ljsNksf] wf/ v8f u/]sf] 5.
qmflGt, qmflGtsf/L wf/sf] jl/kl/
b]zeQm, jfdkGyL, sDo'lg:6xnfO{
uf]na4 ug]{ cfwf/ lgdf{0f u/]sf] 5.
g] kfnL hgtfsf] d' lQm j} 1flgs
;dfhjfbafx]s cGoqaf6 ;Dej 5}g
eGg] ;Gb]z k|jfx u/]sf] 5. xfdL
b' lgofF n ] ;' G g] u/L ;a} bnfn,
rf6' s f/, ;" r gf a] r ' j f nfIfL,
qmflGtaf6 qfxLdfd sfo/xnfO{
9f]nsf] uh{gdf eGg rfxG5f}F qmflGt,
qmflGt, ljZj dfgj d'lQm / g]kfnL
hgtfsf] d'lQm, zflGt / ;d[l4sf
nflu j}1flgs ;dfhjfbL qmflGt,
PsLs[t hgqmflGt
;fOa/=====
;+nUg ePsf] kfOPsf] 5. ;fOa/
ck/fw;DaGwL lgj]bg h'g;'s} lhNnf
k|x/L sfof{nodf btf{ ug{ ;lsG5.
t/, To:tf lgj]bgsf] Dofb yk /
d'2f rnfpg eg] sf7df8f}F lhNnf
cbfnt g} wfpg'kg]{ afWotf 5.
;fOa/;DaGwL ck/fw x] g]{ csf]{
lgsfo s]Gb|Lo cg';Gwfg Ao"/f]df cfj
@)&#&$ df #( lgj]bg btf{ ePsf
5g\. ltgdf s]xL 36gfdfly d'2f
rn]sf] 5. ;fOa/ ck/fwdf k'?ifsf]
t'ngfdf dlxnf w]/} kLl8t x'g] u/]sf
5g\, Ao"/f]sf k|jQmf dL/f rf}w/Ln]
eg]. of] ck/fwsf sf/0f 3/af/
dfl;g], k9fO lalu|g] / cfTdxTof ug{
afWo x'g] nufotsf 36gf a9]sf] 5.
nfOs, z]o/ jf lSns ug{ gx'g]
ljifodf klg ;fdflhs ;~hfndf
lgMz'Ns 8fpgnf]8 ug{' jf x]g'{ eg]sf]
e/df cgfjZos 8fpgnf]8 ubf{ jf
x]bf{ ;fOa/ ck/fw x'g] u/]sf] 5.
kLl8tn] ;TotYo ;" r gf /
k|df0f;lxt 36gf jf ck/fw ePsf]
lgj]bg k|x/Ldf btf{ ug{'k5{. lgj]bg
btf{ ePsf] #% lbgleq k| x /Ln]
cbfntdf d'2f btf{ ug{'kg]{ sfg'gL
k|fjwfg 5. clwjQmf ob'gfy vgfn
;fOa/ ck/fw;DaGwL d'2f cbfntdf
btf{ Psbd} sd kg] { u/] s f]
atfpg'x'G5. pxfFsf cg';f/ k/]sf
d'2f klg k|x/Lsf] rfxgfdf dfq cl3
a9\g] u/]sf 5g\. ljB'tLo sf/f]af/
P]g @)^# n] ;fOa/ ck/fw;DaGwL
b] z e/s} d' 2 f sf7df8f} F lhNnf
cbfntn] x]g{] Joj:yf ul/lbPsf] 5.
P]gsf] bkmf $& df ljB'tLo ;fdu|L
| M lwDn] ckm;]6 k|;
] , b]jLgu/, kmf]gM %!&@^%%
sf7df8f}F. g]kfndf s;}n] ;fx;
/ q'm/tfsf] pbfx/0f lbG5g\ eg] Tof]
kfq x'g\ g]kfnsf >L # k|wfgdGqL
h+uaxfb'/ /f0ff. pgL sf]tkj{sf]
sfnf]/ftaf6 pbfPsf Ps zf;s
x'g\. sf]tkj{ g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df
;a}eGbf 7"nf] xTofsf08 xf]. of]
sf08n] tTsflng g]kfnsf] cl:y/
/fhgLltnfO{ !)# aif]{ /f0ff zf;glt/
;' D k] s f] lyof] . oxL sf08n]
h+uaxfb'/sf] pbo ePsf] lyof].
lj=;+= !()# ebf} #! ut] /flt k"j{
dxf/fgL /fHonIdLsf] lk|o kfq tyf
dlGqkl/ifb\ s f ;b:o uugl;+ x
vjf;sf] /x:odo 9+un] ul/Psf]
xTof/f kQf nufpg dxf/fgLsf]
cfb]zn] lj=;+= !()# c;f]h @ ut]
zlgaf/ /flt ;a} ef/bf/xnfO{
sf]tsf] kl/;/df hDdf x'g] cfb]z
cg';f/ sf]tdf e]nf eP. uugl;+xsf]
xTof/f kQf nufpg] l;nl;nfdf Ps
csf{df egfeg x'bF f h+uaxfb'/ /f0ffsf
dflg; o'2jL/ clwsf/Lf/f ;j{k|yd
cledfgl;+x a:g]t dfl/Pkl5 l:ylt
rls{+ b} xft xfnfxfn tyf uf] nL
xfgfxfg x'Fbf cledfgsf ;fy;fy}
Toltv]/ g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL kmQ]h
zfx, bne+hg kf08] nufotsf $)
hgfsf] xTof ePsf] sf]tsf] kl/;/df
/utsf] vf]nf au]sf] lyof]. o:tf]
ljeT; / b'MvnfUbf] l:yltsf] kmfObf
sDKo'6/, OG6/g]6dfkm{t ;fj{hlgs
g}ltstf, lzi6frf/lj?4 s;} k|lt
3[0ff km}nfpg], hfthfltaLr /x]sf]
;'dw'/ ;DaGwnfO{ laufg],{ dlxnfnfO{
lh:sfpg] jf s;}sf] rl/q xTof
ug]{nfO{ ?= Ps nfv gub jf kfFr
jif{ s}b jf b'j} ;hfo x'g] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5. bf]xf]ofP/ o:tf] ck/fw
u/] To:tf JolQmdfly 8]9L ;hfosf]
Joj:yf;d]t P]gn] u/]sf] 5.
p7fP/ h+uaxfb'/ k|wfgdGqL ag] /
!)# jif{sf] /f0ff zf;gsf] pbo eof].
o; kj{df rf}tfl/of, a:g]t, kf08],
yfkf, lai6 cflb Ps lrxfg ag] eg]
ar]sf h+uaxfb'/ / pgsf efOx
zlQmzfnL eP/ pbfP. o; kj{;+u}
h+uaxfb'/n] ;Qf cfgf] xftdf lnP/
k|wfgdGqL ag] / kmntM !)$ jif{sf]
q' m/ /f0ff zf;gsf] pbo eof] .
Oltxf;df zf;gsf nflu xTof ePsf]
of] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] 36gf dflgG5.
sf]tkj{sf] g/;+xf/kl5 h+uaxfb'/
/f0ff g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL tyf k|yd
>L # dxf/fh ag]sf lyP. logsf]
kfndf c+ u | ] h ;+ u sf] n8fO{ + d f
u'ds ] f]dWo] logn] c+uh
|] nfO{ v';L kf/L
/fKtLb]lv dxfsfnL;Ddsf] t/fO{
xfnsf] afFs], alb{of, s}nfnL tyf
s+rgk'/ k'gM g]kfndf kmsf{OPsf]
lyof]. sf]tkj{ clxn]sf] l;kmn rf}/
glhs}sf] h+undf 36]sf] lyof].
afng/l;+ x s' F j /sf 5f] / fsf
kdf h+ uaxfb'/sf] hGd lj=;+ =
!*&$ df ePsf] lyof]. ;'sf
lbgdf nkmf, h' jf8] h+uaxfb'/
cfk"mleqsf] cbDo ;fx;, jL/tf /
rft'o{sf sf/0f g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df
Ps ;kmn vngfossf kdf 5g\.
g]kfndf /f0ff zf;gsf] :yfkgf u/L
!)$ jif]{ kfl/jl/s zf;gz}nLsf]
;"qkft pgLaf6} eof]. a]nfotLxsf
;fj{hlgs :yfgdf
kmf]xf]/ kmfn]df
hl/jfgfdf kl/G5.
s/ eQm h+uaxfb'/n] cfgf s/
lj/f] wLxnfO{ PsPs u/L df/]/
PstGqL zf;g rnfP. pgL a]nfot
/ k|mfG;af6 kms]{kl5 g]kfnL snf,
;+:s[lt, hghLjg / sfg'gdf ;d]t
klZrdL k| e fj k/] s f] lyof] .
lj=;=!()# b]lv @))& ;fn;Dd
g]kfndf /f0ffxn] zf;g u/] .
tTsflng /fhkl/jf/ leqsf]
lsrnf]sf] kmfObf p7fpFb} klZrd
g]kfnsf n8fs' h axfb'/ s'Fj/
klxnf] /f0ff k|wfgdGqL ag]. lj;
!()# c;f]h # df sf7df8f}s + f] b/af/
If]qdf ePsf] s'Voft sf]t kj{df ;of}+
ef/bf/, /O; / ;}lgssf] xTof ug]{
pgsf] if8\oGq ;kmn eof]. To;kl5
pmgn] cfkm}FnfO{ k|wfgdGqL agfP/
/f0ff kb wf/0f u/].
/f0ff kl/jf/df k|wfgdGqLsf] kb
j+z k/Dk/fut aGof] eg] zfx /fhfx
ykgf dfq eP. sf] t kj{ a f6
zlQmzfnL ag] s f] h+ u axfb' /
e08f/vfn kj{kl5 /fhfeGbf klg
zlQmzfnL ag]sf lyP. e08f/vfn
kj{ zf;g ;Qfsf gfddf Oltxf;df
ePsf] csf]{ Ps 8/nfUbf] 36gf xf].
e08f/vfn kj{ lj=;+= !()# sflQs
!@ ut] /fgL /fHonIdLn]
haxfb'/nfO{ ljif v'jfO{ xTof ug{
/lrPsf] kj{ xf]. ljho/fh / Ps
bf;Ln] o; s'/fsf] ;"rgf haxfb'/nfO{
lbPkl5 pgL dfl/gaf6 hf]luP. pN6}
haxfb'/n] jL/Wjhnufotsf !%
eGbf a9Lsf] xTof u/] / /fgL @!
nfv k}ofF / u/uxgf lnO{ agf/;
uOg\. o'j/fh ;'/G] b| Pj+ pgsf efO
pk]Gb|sf] xTof u/L cfgf] k'q /0f]Gb|nfO{
/fhf agfpg] cfsf+Iff /fgLsf] ;kmn
x'g ;s]g. To;kl5 emg} zlQmzfnL
ePsf h+uaxfb'/sf] d[To' !(## df
kTy/3fdf ePsf] lyof]. lg/+sz ' /
qm/ eP klg logn] g} g]kfndf lzIff
/ hgr]tgfsf] If] qdf /fd| f] hu
a;fn]sf lyP.