40954
A D D IT IO N A L S T A T E M E N T S
THE 50TH A N N IV E R S A R Y O F
S A L IS B U R Y , M D T IM E S
M r. M A T H IA S . M r. President, a few
days ago, the Salisbury Times on M ary
lan d s Eastern Shore celebrated its 50th
anniversary. As one who has passed the
same milestone myself, I can testify that
it is of no little significance to have
done so. T he Times began as a brave ex
periment in daily journalism for a small
town out of the mainstream. One need
only note that in its early days, before
teletypewriters hat. been invented, the
paper was forced to decode news accounts
sent over a W estern Union telegraph
ticker from Philadelphia. It was still a
time when the horses stabled at city
h all automatically dashed fo r the fire-
house when the fire alarm sounded, to
draw the steam boiler fire engines. This
and other recollections o f earlier days
were printed in the Times in its edition
of Sunday, December 2. It is interesting
to note that the issue's lead editorial
noting the anniversary does not really
look backward, but rather concerns itself
with the problems and prospects facing
Salisbury in the next 50 years. I take this
as a sign that the vigor and spirit of the
T im is is undiminished, and I urge the
reading of this editorial as tonic to those
who think they have seen all too much
o f life. I ask unanimous consent that
It be printed .'n the R e c o r d .
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the R e c o r d ,
as follows:
I Prom th e Salisbury (M d .) Tim es, Dec. 2.
19731
F if t ie t h A n n iv e r s a r y
T h e D aily and Sunday Tim es marks Its
50th anniversary a t th is tim e o f the year.
On Monday. Dec. 3, the fro n t page flag w ill
carry the n o tation : "V o l. 51, No. 1. T ran slat
ed In to laym an's language, th is means the
first Issue o f the 51st year.
T h is newspaper was launched on a wave
o f great optim ism 50 years ago. Events have
proved th at Its organizers and those who have
carried on as correct In th e view th at Salis
bury should and would become the largest
c ity on the Eastern Shore. W hen all o f D el-
m arva Is Included, it has to be said th at
Dover, Del., Is givin g us a good race, though.
W e are situated at th e crossroads o f the
peninsula. W e are now b u ild in g a bypass to
carry heavy north -sou th traffic around the
city. Our Salisbury Parkway, carrying east-
west traffic, appears adequate fo r the job
In the years ahead, th ou gh th e day must
come when a com plete beltw ay w ill be
needed.
W h o can say when th a t w ill be or what
w ill Salisbury's fu tu re be? The good citizens
who began publication o f a dally newspaper
here In 1923 planted one o f the seeds th at
helped to produce the area's grow th. W e are
now a shopping cen ter fo r a region fo r
both goods and services and em ploym ent.
Cu ltural Im provem ents are com ing along
w ith a un iversity branch and a college near
by. W e bear little resemblance to Salisbury
o f 50 years ago.
T h e m en w h o organized T h e T im es more
than h a lf a century ago are now gone. Moat
o f them w ould agree th a t the awakening o f
Salisbury fro m sm all cou ntry tow n to re
gion al center has progressed beyond th eir
fondest dreams.
W h at o f the n ext h a lf century? W h o can
say? B u t fo r those who get a zest ou t of
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
life who en jo y Inn ovation and challenge $ sign appears, it refers, unless otherwise
I t s bound to be an excitin g 50 years.
THE
T H E M IL IT A R Y B A L A N C E 1973-74
M r. G O L D W A T E R . M r. President, in
serting lengthy articles in the C o n g r e s
s i o n a l R e c o r d is not particularly a habit
of mine, but the A ir Force M agazine for
December of 1973 has placed the entire
military balance in this world in such an
understandable and relatively simple
form that I think it would be o f value
fo r my colleagues to peruse. I ask unan
imous consent that this excellent article
be printed in the R e c o r d .
T here being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the R e c o r d ,
as follows:
Th e M ilita r y B a la n c e 1973-74
FOREW ORD
(B y the Editors o f A ir Force M agazine)
Fo r the th ird successive year, A IK FORCE
M agazine is privileged to present T h e M ili
tary B alan ce" as an exclusive featu re o f its
December issue.
T h e M ilitary Balance." com piled by T h e
In tern ation al In s titu te fo r Strategic Studies,
London. Is an annual, qu an titative assess
m ent o f the m ilita ry power and defense ex
penditures o f countries th rou gh ou t the
world.
T h e In tern ation al In s titu te fo r Strategic
Studies was founded in 1958 as a center fo r
research and discussion In defense, arms
control, disarm am ent, and related areas. I t
has earned worldwide recogn ition as th e au
th o rity In its field.
As in the past, T h e B alance" Is arranged
w ith n ational entries grouped geograph
ically, w ith special reference to th e principal
defense pacts and alignm ents. Included In
th e section on th e US and USSR Is an assess
m en t o f th e strategic nuclear balance b e
tw een the tw o superpowers. T h ere also is a
separate section on the European theater
balance between N A T O and the Warsaw Pact.
In preparing T h e M ilitary Balance 1973/
74" for our use, the staff o f A IR FORCE
M agazine has retained th e In s titu te s sys
tem o f abbreviatin g m ilita ry weapons and
un its as w ell as B ritish spellin g and usage.
A lis t o f th e abbreviations used in th e te x t
appears Im m ediately a fte r this introduction.
Because o f space lim itation s, some tabular
m aterial on defense expenditures o f N A TO
countries, th e ir expenditures by fu n ctio n a l
categories, com parison o f divisional estab
lishm ents, and m ilita ry assistance agree
m ents negotiated since the last Issue o f The
Balance have been excluded, as has an ap
pendix, T h e Statistics o f M utu al Force
R eduction s."
T h e M ilita ry B alan ce" examines the facts
o f m ilitary pow er as they existed In July 1973
(b efo re th e O ctober M iddle East w a r). No
projections o f force levels or weapons beyond
1973 have been provided, except where ex
p licitly stated. T h e result should n o t be
regarded as a com prehensive guide to the bal
ance o f m ilitary power: In particular, the
study does not reflect the facts o f geography,
vulnerability, or efficiency, except where these
are touched on th e essays on balances.
Figures fo r defense expenditures are the
latest available. O N P figures given are usual
ly at market prices. In addition to th e esti
mates o f current defense expenditu re and
G N P in the Individual county entries, sim ilar
In form ation on the principal countries cov
ered. for this year and previous years. Is col
lected In tables beginning on p. 110. Because
estim ates o f defense expenditure and G N P
have been amended in th e case o f certain
countries, figures w ill n o t In all cases be
directly com parable w ith those In previous
editions o f T h e M ilita ry B alance." W here a
December 12, 1973
stated, to U nited States dollars.
In order to make com parison easier, n ation
al currency figures were converted by the I n
stitu te in to U n ited States dollars a t the rate
p revailin g on July 1, 1973, generally as re
ported to the In tern ation a l M onetary Fund
(IM F ). An exception Is th e S oviet N e t M ate
ria l Product, which has been converted to
dollars at th e rate o f 0.72 ro u b le s = $ l. ( See p.
67 fo r m ore d etail on S ov iet defense expen
ditu re s.) Further exceptions are certain East
European countries th a t are not members of
th e IM F and R um ania (w h ich is ), fo r which
conversion rates used are taken from US
Arms Control and Disarm am ent Agency pub
lication ACDA/E-207, Decem ber 1971. In all
cases, the conversion rates used are shown in
th e cou ntry entry, b u t m ay n o t always be
applicable to com m ercial transactions.
T he m anpower figures given are. unless
otherwise stated, those o f regular forces. An
In dication o f the size o f m ilitia, reserve, and
p aram ilitary forces Is also Included In the
cou ntry en try where appropriate. Param ili
tary forces are here taken to be forces whose
equipm en t and train in g goes beyond that re
qu ired fo r c iv il police duties and whose con
stitu tio n and con trol suggest th a t they may
be usable In support o f, or In lieu of, regular
forces.
Equipm ent figures In the country entries
cover to ta l holdings, w ith th e exception o f
com bat aircraft, where fro n tlin e squadron
strengths are norm ally shown. Except where
th e contrary Is made clear, naval vessels o f
less than 100 tons structural displacem ent
have been excluded. T h e term "com bat air
c ra ft" used In the cou ntry entries comprises
o n ly bomber, fighter-bom ber, strike, inte r
ceptor, reconnaissance, counterinsurgency,
and armed train er aircra ft ( i .e., aircra ft nor
m ally equipped and configured to deliver
ord n an ce).
W here th e term "m ile " is used when in
d ica tin g th e range or radius o f weapon sys
tems. It means a statute mile.
T h e In s titu te assumes fu ll responsibility
fo r the facts and judgm ents contained In the
study th a t follow s. T h e cooperation o f the
governm ents Involved was sought and. In
m any cases, received. N o t all countries were
equ ally cooperative, and some figures were
necessarily estim ated.
Photographs and captions have been added
b y A IR FORCE M agazine, and we assume fu ll
responsibility fo r them .
T h e E d it o r s .
a b b r e v ia t io n s
A A A n ti-cra ft.
A A M A lr -to -A lr missile ( s ) .
AB Airborne.
ABM A n tl-b a lllstlc missile.
A c A ircraft.
AD A ir Defense.
AEW Airborne early warning.
A F V Arm oured figh tin g veh ic l e ( s ) .
A PC Arm oured personnel c a rrie r(s ).
Arm d Arm oured.
A rty A rtillery.
ASM A lr-to-su rface missile ( s ) .
ASW An ti-subm arine warfare.
A T O W A n ti-ta n k guided w e a p o n s(s ).
A T k A n ti-tan k .
A W X A ll-w ea th er fighter.
Bbr Bomber.
Bde Bridgade.
B n B attalion.
B ty Battery.
Cav Cavalry.
Cdo Commando.
CENTO Central T rea ty O rganization.
C O IN Counter-Insurgency.
Comm Com m unication.
Coy Company.
DDG Destroyer, guided missile.
DEO Destroyer, escort, guided missile.
Det D etachm ent.
Di v Division.
DLG Destroyer/leader, guided missile.
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 40955
Engr Engineer. Is now m oving towards com pletin g th a t p ro fro m 30 squadrons to 28 (24 o f B-52s and 4
E qpt Equipm ent. gram m e, In volvin g 550 M in u te m a n 3 w ith up o f FB-111s ), w h ile th e Soviet force is ex
Excl Excluding. to 1,650 warheads by 1975. M eanw hile, a ll the pected to rem ain a t litt le m ore th an a
FB Fighter-bom ber. 1,000 M in u te m a n silos are bein g substan qu arter o f th a t strength. T h e U nited States,
F G A Fighter, ground attack. tia lly strengthened ("h a rd en ed ) against however, is pressing ahead w ith th e B - 1 p ro
FPB Fast patrol b o a t(s ). nuclear attack and a new Com m and Data gram m e, which should bring th a t new super
G M G uided missile. Buffer system Is being Installed to provide sonic bom ber in to service fro m 1978, while
G N P Gross N ation al Product. rapid IC B M retargeting. A t sea, about 320 th e S oviet Union has been actively testing
G P General purpose. Poseidon SLBM , each w ith 10-14 M IR V , have her Backfire prototypes which, althou gh n ot
Gp Group. been deployed in some 20 submarines. Con fu lly "ln ter-c o n tin en ta l . have a range com
G W G uided weapon. version o f another 11 submarines to Poseidon parable to th a t o f the FB-111. T h e United
H el H e llc o p te r(s ). Is In train and w ill be com plete by 1975-76, States Is also greatly Increasing the striking
How H o w itz e r (s ). a t which tim e o n ly 10 submarines w ith P o pow er o f her existin g bom bers by equipping
HQ Headquarters. laris A3 SLBM w ill rem ain In service. T h ere them w ith th e S h ort-R an ge Attack Missile
H y Heavy. after, th e T rid e n t 1 SLBM, w ith 4,000-mile (S R A M ), a nuclear air-to-grou n d missile w ith
IC B M winter-continental ballistic. range, could become operational in late 1978, a range o f 35-100 m iles. SRAM entered oper
m ls sle (s ). eith er in Poseidon submarines or In th e new ational service in August 1972 and should be
IC B M In te r-c o n tin en ta l b allistic m is T rid e n t boats, probably w ith 24 m issile tubes fu lly deployed, w ith 1,500 missiles in 21
sile (s ). each, which are being developed to enter bom ber squadrons, by 1974-75. M eanwhile,
In c l Including. service, apparently in th e Pacific, in th e same air defence forces on both sides are also sub
Indep Independent. year. B y using th e freedom allow ed by the jects fo r qu alitative Im provem ent. The
In i In fan try. In te rim Agreem ent to replace T ita n 2 ICBM Am erican F-14 and F-15 fighters are m oving
IR B M In term ed iate-range ballistic m is w ith T rid e n t SLBM , the U nited States could tow ards fu ll operational deploym ent, pos
sile ( s ) . th u s have 1,000 IC B M and 710 SLBM, carry sibly to be follow ed In the early 1980s by a
K T K lloto n (1.000 tons T N T e q u iv a le n t). in g well over 8,000 warheads, by the end o f new Im proved M anned In tercep tor (I M I ) ,
L O T Landing craft, tank. th e 1970's. w hile the S o viet Union Is already introducing
L o g Logistic. T h e S oviet U nion has also shown every sign new types, inclu din g the M iG -25 F oxba t and
L P H Lan d in g platform , helicopter. o f reaching the In te rim Agreem en ts lim its. th e variable geom etry M iG -23 F log g er in to
L S T Lan din g ship, tank. On land, where 1,527 S oviet IC B M are a l h er figh ter forces. Both countries are also
L t L igh t. ready deployed, developm ent has continued seeking to im prove static and m obile radar
M CM M ine counter-measures. o f three new IC B M types: th e SS-16 (an im coverage, w ith equipm en t such as the A m er
Mech Mechanized. proved version o f th e solld -fu el S S -13 ), the ican O ver-th e-H orizon Backscatter (O T H -B )
Med M edium. SS-17 (a n Im proved S S -11), and th e SS-18 radar and Airborn e W arning and Control
M IR V M u ltip le in depen den tly-targetable (an Im proved S S -9 ). T h e last tw o have both System (A W A C S ) aircraft.
re-en try veh icle ( s ) . been tested w ith re-en try systems o f three Q u a lita tive im provem ent is, In fact, the
M isc Miscellaneous. M RV , and are reportedly being prepared to keynote in a ll n on-strategic forces. T h e U n it
M k Mark. carry fu ll M IR V systems at a later stage. The ed States, in particular, having ended her
Mob M obile. SS-18, tests o f w hich began in 1968, is an com bat role In V ietn am in 1972, Is m oving to
Mor M ortar ( s ) . obvious candidate for in stallation in the 25 wards all-volu n teer armed forces by mid-1975
M ot M otorized. large silos started In 1970 b u t s till Incom (w h en th e last conscript w ill be released)
M R M aritim e reconnaissance. plete, thus b rin gin g the S o viet total o f am id doubts about her a b ility thereafter to
M R B M M edium -range ballistic m issile(s ) " h ea vy " IC B M to the 313 perm itted by the m aintain m ore than ab ou t 1A m illion men
R V M u ltip le re-en try v e h lc le (s ). In te rim Agreem ent. The SS-17, which has under arm s: a prospect which demands q u ali
M sl Missile. been fired over a range o f some 4,500 miles, ta tiv e excellence, som ething which th e So
M T M egaton (1 m illion tons T N T e q u iv may equip the rem aining 66 incom plete silos, v ie t Union w ill, fo r its own reasons, clearly
a le n t). raising the overall IC B M total to the per wish to m atch. I n ad d ition to new aircraft,
M TB M otor torpedo b o a t (s ). m itted ceilin g o f 1.618. A t sea, the ceilings o f developm ent program m es for new armoured
N A T O N orth A tlan tic T rea ty O rganiza 62 "m od ern ballistic-m issile submarines and equipm ent, tactical missiles, and naval ves
tion. 950 "m od ern SLBM are fu rth er away. Some sels all show signs o f acceleration. T h e Soviet
Para Parachute. 31 Y-class submarines, each w ith 16 S S-N -6 Union has launched her first conventional
P d r Pounder. SLBM (1,500-1,750 m ile ra n g e), have been aircra ft carrier o f 40,000 tons and is actively
Recce Reconnaissance. launched, as have about 3 o f th e new D-class deploying new K ara-class cruisers, K riv a k -
R egt Regim ent. boats, each w ith 12 S S -N -8 SLBM (4,600 m ile class G M destroyers, and C-class cruise-m is
R k t Rocket. ra n g e ). O n ly these cou n t against the subma sile and V-class attack submarines. The
R L R ock et launcher ( s ) . rin e celling, althou gh another 30 SLBM In U nited States has com m itted funds to her
SACEUR Supreme A llied Commander, older nuclear-powered submarines bring the fou rth nuclear-powered aircra ft carrier, to 37
Europe. cu rren t num ber o f missiles relevan t to SLBM new DD-963 destroyers, and to th e first 28
SAM S u rface-to -air m issile (s ). cellin g to about 560. Even if the S oviet U nion 688-class nuclear-powered hun ter/killer sub
S A R Search and rescue. decides to exercise her option to replace SS-7 marines. Both are developing a range o f new
SE A TO South-E ast Asia T rea ty O rgani and SS-8 ICBM w ith new SLBM, it thus seems b attlefield equ ip m en t, inclu din g new battle
zation . likely, a t expected building rates, to be at tanks: th e S o viet M-1970 and th e Am erican
SH APE Supreme Headquarters, A llied least 1977 before she could reach the tw o X M -1 . F u rth er ahead, m ore exotic technical
Pow er in Europe. ceilings now established. No Soviet SLBM has possibilities appear. Just as precision-guided
Sig Signal. as y et been tested w ith M RV. m unitions, such as sm art bombs and re
SLBM Subm arine-launched ballistic m is S oviet and Am erican determ ination to m otely p iloted vehicles (R F V ), may change
sile (s ) . build AB M systems up to the lim its in the th e calculus o f tactical air/land w arfare In
S P Self-propelled. ABM T rea ty o f M ay 1972 is less certain. T h e th e later 1970s, so, in th e 1980s, laser weapons
Sqn Squadron. U n ited States is com pletin g her one per may begin to influence aerial com bat. In the
SRBM S h ort-range ballistic missiles (s ). m itted Safeguard site fo r defence o f IC B M first year o f strategic arms lim itation , it was
SSBN B a llistic missile submarine (s ), n u silos at Grand Forks A ir Force Base, North thus also possible to id en tify many o f the
clear. Dakota, to be operational in late 1974, and elem ents which could figure In a continued
SSM Surface-to-su rface m is s lle (s ). has also continued research on w hat is now strategic and tactical arms race I f political
SSN Subm arine ( s ) , nuclear. known as th e S ite De/ense (form erly Hard constraints should prove Inadequate.
S /V TO L S h ort/vertical ta ke-off or lan d S ite ) AB M system fo r th e more econom ical
ing. defence o f IC B M silos w ith short-range m is
T k Tank. siles alone, but she has n ot y e t taken any U n it e d S t a t e s
T p Troop. substantial step towards deployin g AB M P op u lation : 210.900,000.
T p t Transport. launchers around W ashington, D.C. T h e So
T rg Train in g. M ilitary service: volu n tary (fro m 1 July
v ie t Union has continued to develop a more 1973).
effective ABM m issile to replace the Galosh T o ta l armed forces: 2,252,900.
T he U n it e d States and T h e S o v ie t U n i o n In th e defence o f th e Moscow area, and has Estim ated G N P 1972: (1,151.8 billion.
T h e year a fte r the M ay 1972 S oviet-A m er also showed signs o f expanding th a t defence Defence budget 1973-74; $ 85.2 b illion
ican In te rim Agreem ent on the lim ita tio n o f from 64 to 100 launchers, b u t there Is no (B u dget A u th o rity [NOAJ; expected outlay Is
offensive missiles provided little evidence o f clear evidence th a t she has yet decided to $79.0 b illio n ).
super-power restrain t in th a t field. Both go v construct the second perm itted site fo r ICBM S tra tegic N uclea r Forces
ernm ents seemed determ ined to reach the defence. Offensive:
lim its set by th e ir Agreem ent as soon as pos In one o f th e areas still unconstrained by ( A ) N avy: 656 SLBM in 41 submarines.
sible, w h ile also o b tain in g the m axim um S ALT, strategic bom ber aircraft, the em 20 SSBN each w ith 16 Poseidon.
qu a lita tive capability. phasis has been largely on developm ent 21 SSBN each w ith 16 Polaris A2 or A3.
T h e U nited States has deployed 350 M in rather than deploym ent. T h e Am erican force (B ) S tra tegic A ir C om m and:
u tem a n 3 ICBM , each w ith th ree M IR V , and Is actu ally to be reduced durin g 1973-74, IC B M : 1,054.
40956 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
140 M in u te m a n 1.
510 M in u tem a n 2.
350 M in u tem a n 3.
54 T ita n 2.
A irc ra ft:
Bombers: 516 (T w o B-52 and 1 KC-135
sqn -equivalen ts are rotated fo r d u ty In
South-East Asia.)
66 FB-111A In 4 sqns; 240 B-52G/H in 16
sqns some w ith SRAM .
142 B-52D in 9 sqns (t o be reduced to 117
by the disbandm ent o f 2 sqns in late 1973).
15 B-52F in 1 sqn.
A ircra ft in active storage or reserve Include
8 F B -1 U A and 45 B-52D/F/G/H.
Tankers: 615 KC-135A in 38 sqns, plus 130
in reserve.
Strategic Reconnaissance: SR-71A; 2 sqns.
D efensive:
N o rth Am erican A ir Defense Command
(N O R A D ):
HQ Colorado Springs is a Joint Am erican-
Canadian organization. US forces under
N O R AD are Aerospace Defense Command
(A D C ) and Arm y A ir D efense Command
(A R A D C O M ), w ith a com bined strength o f
80.000.
A irc ra ft (excluding C a n a d ia n ):
In tercep tors: 585.
( i ) R egu lar: 7 sqns w ith F-106A.
(11) A ir National G uard: 6 sqns w ith F -
101B: 10 sqns w ith F-102A; 4 sqns w ith F -
106A.
AE W a ircra ft: 3 sqns w ith EC-121.
S A M : 481.
( I ) R egu lar: 21 N ik c-H ercu les batteries,
( i l ) Arm y N ation al G uard: 27 N ike H er
cules batteries.
W arn in g Systems:
( i ) Satell ite early w arning system : capable
o f giv in g virtu ally Im m ediate w arn in g o f
launchings fro m SLBM, XCBM, and Frac
tional O rbital Bom bardm ent System (FO B S )
launch areas.
( ii) D ista n t Early W arn in g (D E W ) L in e :
31 stations, rou gh ly along th e 70 N parallel.
(ii i ) B a llis tic M issile Early W arn in g Sys
tem (B M E W S ); 3 stations in Alaska. G reen
land, and England.
( i v ) P in e tre e L in e : 23 stations in central
Canada.
(v ) O v e r-th e -H o rizo n , Forward Scatter
( O T H ) : radar system w ith 9 sites capable
o f d etectin g, b u t n o t tracking, IC B M very
early in fligh t.
(v i ) 474N: SLBM detection and warning
n et o f 8 stations on the East, G u lf, and W est
coasts o f th e U n ited States: lon g-ran ge radars
have been added to th e east coast net.
(v ii ) U SAF Spacetrack (7 sites) and USN
SPASU R systems; Space Defense Centre (N O
R A D ) : satellite tracking, identification, and
cataloguin g control.
( v ii i ) Back-U p In tercep to r Control
( B U I C ) : system fo r air defense com m and and
con trol (a ll stations except one now on sem i
active sta tu s).
( i x ) S em i-Autom atic G round E nvironm ent
(S A G E ) system fo r co-ord in ating all sur
veillance and trackin g o f objects in N orth
Am erican airspace; 14 locations; com bined
w ith BUIC.
(x ) G round radar stations: some 55 sta
tion s manned by A ir National Guard; au g
m ented b y th e Federal A viation Adm in istra
tion stations.
A rm y: 801,500 (16,000 w o m e n ).
3 armoured divisions.
1 experim ental (T R IC A P ) division.
4 m echanized in fa n try divisions.
3 in fa n try divisions.
1 airm obile division.
1 airborne division.
3 armoured cavalry regiments.
1 brigade In Berlin.
1 school brigade.
2 special m ission brigades In Alaska and
Panama.
30 SSM batteries w ith H onest John, Persh
ing, and Sergeant SSM (Lan ce is bein g Intro
duced to replace Honest John and S ergea n t).
M -48, M -60, and M-60A1/A2 (S h illela gh )
m ed tks; M-41, M-551 Sheridan I t tks w ith
S h illelagh A T G W ; M-14, M-113 APC ; M-107
175mm S P guns; M-108 105mm, M-109
155mm, and M-110 203mm S P how; M-56
90mm SP A T k guns; T O W and Dragon
A T G W ; Chaparral/Vulcan 20mm AA msl/gun
system; R edeye and H A W K SAM.
A rm y Aviation ; about 10,000 hel and 1,000
flxed-w ln g ac.
D ep loym en t:
C ontinental U n ited States:
( I ) Strategic Reserve: 1 T R IC A P dlv; 1 In f
dlv; 1 airm obile d lv; 1AB d lv; 1 In f bde.
( I I ) T o rein force 7th Arm y In Europe: 1
a rm d d iv (w ith equipm en t stockpiled In W est
G e rm a n y ); 1 mech d lv (less 1 bde) (th is d iv i
sion has tw o dual-based brigades whose
heavy equ ip m en t is stored In W est G er
m a n y ); 1 m ech d iv (w ith equipm en t stock
p iled In W est G e rm a n y); 1 arm d cav regt.
E u rop e:
(1) G erm any: 7th A rm y: 2 corps lncl 2
armd dlvs, 2 mech In f dlvs, 1 mech In f bde,
and 2 arm d cav rgts; 190,000; 2,100 m edium
tanks (th is figure Includes those stockpiled
fo r the dual-based brigades and S trategic R e
serve d iv is io n s ).
( i l ) W est B erlin : HQ elem ents and 1 in f
bde o f 3,900 men.
(III) Ita ly : Task force o f HQ elem ents and
1 SSM bn.
P acific:
(1) South K orea: 1 In f d iv; 20,000.
(U ) H aw aii: 1 In f dlv.
Reserves, Au thorized strength 663.600, ac
tu al stren gth 621.900.
( I ) A rm y N ation al G uard: authorized
402.300, actual 386,700; capable som e tim e
a fte r m ob ilizatio n o f m anning 2 armd, 1
mech, and 5 In f divs and 18 indep bdes
plus reinforcem ents and support units to fill
regular form ations; 27 SAM btys (A R A D
C O M ).
(II) Arm y Reserves: authorized 261,300, ac
tu al 235,200; organized in 13 divs and 3
lndep bdes; 48,000 a year undergo short ac
tiv e d u ty tours.
M arine Corps: 196,000.
3 dlvs (each o f 19,000 m e n ), each sup
ported by 1 tk bn.
2 H A W K SAM bns.
M -48 and M-103A2 tks; L V T P -5 and -7
APC; 175mm guns; 105mm S P how, 105
and 155mm how; M -5 0 S P m u ltip le 106mm
recollless rifles; 36 H A W K SAM.
3 A ir W ings; 550 com bat aircraft.
12 figh ter sqdns w ith F-4B/J (w ith Spar
row and S idew inder A A M ).
11 attack sqnds w ith A-4/F/M and A -6.
2 close-support sqns w ith 36 A V -8 A H ar
rier.
3 recce sqns w ith RF-4B. C and EA-6A:
3 observation sqns w ith O V -lO A and
AH -1G .
6 heavy hel sqns w ith CH-53D
9 med assault h el sqns w ith CH-46A.
3 assault tpt/tan ker sqns w ith 46 K C -
130F.
D eploym en t:
( I ) C ontinental U n ited States: 2 dlvs/air
wings.
(II) Pacific Area: 1 dlv/air wing.
Reserves: A u th orized strength 45,000, ac
tu a l strength 39,100.
1 div and 1 a ir wing; 4 figh ter sqns w ith
F-8J; 5 attack sqns w ith A-4E/L; 1 recce
sqn w ith R F-4; 1 observation sqn w ith O V -
lOA and AH -1G ; 1 tp t sqn w ith C-119G; 2
hy, 2 med, 1 It h el sqn w ith CH-53, CH-46,
UHIE. and AH -1; 1 H A W K SAM bn.
N avy: 564,400 (9.000 w o m e n ); 221 m ajor
com bat surface ships, 84 attack submarines.
Submarines, attack : 60 nuclear. 24 diesel.
Attack carriers:
(1) A tta ck : 15.
1 nuclear-powered (U.S.S. Enterprise 76,000
to n s ); a second w ill be com missioned In
1973-74.
8 F o rrestal/K itty Hawk-class (60,000 to n s ).
3 M idw ay class (52.000 to n s ).
December 12, 1973
3 Hancock-class (33,000 to n s ).
T h e larger carriers have a norm al com ple
m en t o f 80-90 aircraft, and the sm aller ones
between 70-80. These are organized as an
air w in g o f 2 figh ter sqns w ith F -4 (F -8 In
th e Hancock-class), 2 It attack a ll weather
attack sqns w ith A -4 or A-7; R A -5 C or R F-8
recce; S-2E, SH-3A/G/H, A S W helicopters;
E -IB , E-2A; AEW ; E K A -3 B tankers.
(li) T ra in in g: 1.
1 Hancock-class.
O th e r surface ships:
1 SAM cruiser (n u c le a r).
3 SAM cruisers.
1 gun cruiser.
4 SAM lig h t cruisers.
3 SAM frigates (n u c le a r).
25 SAM frigates.
29 SAM destroyers.
71 gun/ASW/radar picket destroyers.
6 SAM destroyer escorts.
62 gun/radar picket escorts.
65 am phibious warfare ships.
10 M CM ships (p lu s numerous small c r a ft ).
150 logistics and operations support ships.
M issiles include Standard, Tartar, Talos,
Terrier, Sea Sparrow SAM, ASRO C and
S U B R O C ASW .
A irc ra ft:
70 fighter/attack sqns w ith F-14A, F-4,
F-8 , A-4, A-6, A-7.
10 recce sqns w ith RA-5C. RF-8.
24 m aritim e patrol sqns w ith 216 P-3.
20 ASW sqns w ith S-2E, SH-3A/G/H hel.
5 helicopter sqns w ith UH-1/2, AH -1 J. R H -
53D.
34 other sqns w ith C - l, C-2, 5 C-9B, C-54
and C-130.
D eploym ent (average strengths o f m ajor
com bat ships; some ships in th e M editer
ranean and W estern Pacific are selectively
based overseas, th e rem ainder are rotated
fro m th e U S ) :
Second F leet (A t la n t ic ): 4 carriers, 63 sur
face com batants, 1 am phibious ready g p *
T h ird F leet (Eastern P a c ific ): 7 carriers.
52 surface com batants, 4 am phibious ready
gps.*
S ixth F le e t (M e d ite rra n e a n ): 2 carriers, 17
surface com batants, 1 am phibious ready gp.*
Seventh F leet (W estern P a c ific ): 3 carriers,
29 surface com batants, 2 am phibious ready
gps.*
M idd le East F orce (Persian G u l f ) : 1 flag
ship, 2 surface oombatants.
Reserves: Au th orized strength 129,000, ac
tu al strength 131,800; 3,500 a year undergo
short active d u ty tours. Ships in commission
w ith th e Reserve include 30 destroyers, 4 de
stroyer escorts, and 20 M CM ships.
A irc ra ft:
2 Reserve A ir W in gs: 9 flghter/attack sqns
w ith F -8 and A-7; 24 M R sqns w ith P-2 and
P-3A/B; 25 ASW sqns w ith S-2.
2 ASW groups: 12 patrol sqns w ith S-2,
P-3.
S hips in reserve:
8 submarines.
6 aircra ft carriers.
4 battleships.
12 heavy cruisers.
2 SAM lig h t cruisers.
43 destroyers.
2 frigates.
33 destroyer escorts (a ll classes).
8 rocket ships.
74 am phibious warfare ships.
82 M CM ships craft.
75 logistics support ships.
A ir Force: 691.000 (17,000 w om en ); about
5,750 com bat aircraft.
72 flghter/attack sqns w ith F-4, F-106,
and F 111; A-7D.
13 tactical recce sqns w ith RF-4C.
17 tactical a ir lift sqns w ith C-130E.
11 special purpose sqns w ith A-1E, A-3T,
Am phibious ready groups are 3-5 am
phibious ships w ith a M arine b attalion em
barked. O n ly those In the M editerranean and
tw o In the Pacific are actu ally constituted.
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
AC-47. AC-119. AC-130, EA-6B, EB-66, EB-57,
EC47, C-7, and C-123.
17 hy tp t sqns, 4 w ith 72 C-5A, 13 w ith
C141.
24 m edical tpt, weather recce, and SAR
sqns.
D ep loy m ent:
C on tin en ta l U nited States (ln cl Alaska and
Ic e la n d ):
( i ) Tactical A ir Com m and: 124,000; 2,200
com bat aircraft. 9th, 12th, and 19th A ir
Forces.
(11) M ilitary A ir lift Command (M A C ):
90.000.
Europe, US A ir Forces Europe (U S A F E ):
50.000.
3rd A ir Force (B r ita in ), 16th A ir Force
(S p a in ), 17th A ir Force (W est G erm an y),
and a logistics group in Turkey.
21 figh ter sqns (p lu s 4 in th e US on ca ll)
w ith 420 F-4C/D/E and 72 F-111E.
5 tactical recce sqns w ith 85 RF-4C.
Pa cific, Pacific A ir Forces (P A C A F ):
120.000.
5th A ir Force in Japan, Korea, Okinawa.
7th A ir Fore in Thailand.
13th A ir Force in the Philippines, Taiwan,
Thailand.
Reserves:
(I ) A ir N ation al G uard: Au thorized
stren gth 87,600, actual 90,000; about 650
com bat aircraft. 20 figh ter-ln tercep tor sqns
(A D C ); 30 figh ter sqns (21 w ith F-100C/D,
4 w ith F-105B/D. 1 w ith F-104, 1 w ith F-4C,
2 w ith A-37B, 1 w ith B -5 7 ); 7 recce sqns (4
w ith RF-101, 3 w ith R F - 4 C ); 3 strategic tp t
sqns w ith C-124C; 13 tactical tp t sqns (11
w ith C130 (A / B / E ), 1 w ith C-123J, 1 w ith
C - 7 ) ; 9 tan ker gps w ith K -97 L; 1 electronic
w arfare gp w ith EC-121 (A D C ): 3 special op
eration s gps w ith C119/U10 and 5 tactical
air support gps w ith 0 -2 A .
(I I ) A ir Force Reserve: Au thorized
stren gth 51,300, actual strength 44,600; about
120 com bat aircraft. 4 figh ter sqns w ith F -
100, 3 w ith F-105D; 24 tactical tp t sqns (18
w ith C130A/B, 4 w ith C-123K, 2 w ith C - 7 );
1 electron ic w arfare gp w ith EC-121; 4 spe
cial operations gps with A-37B; 5 SAR gps,
2 with HC130, 3 w ith HH-34; and 1 medical'
tp t gp w ith C-9A.
T h e So v ie t U n i o n
P op u la tion : 250,500,000.
M ilita ry service: A rm y and A ir Force, 2
years: Navy and Border Guards, 2-3 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 3.425.000.
Estim ated N M P 1972: $439 b illion . N M P
(N e t M aterial P ro d u ct) Is used because of
the difficu lty o f arrivin g a t an estim ate for
G N P ; It has been converted at the rate o f
0.72 roubles1.
D efence budget 1973: See below.
S tra teg ic N uclea r Forces
O ffensive:
(A ) N a ry ; 628 SLBM in 66 submarines.
3 SSBN (D -class) each w ith 12 S S -N -8
missiles.
31 SSBN (T -cla ss ) each w ith 16 SS-N -6
missiles.
10 SSBN (H -II-c la s s ) and 10 diesel (G -
II-class) each w ith 3 S S -N -5 Serb missiles.
12 diesel (G -I-c la s s) each w ith 3 S S -N -4
Sark missiles.
(B ) S tra tegic R ock et Forces ( S R F ) : 350.
000. (T h e Strategic R ocket Forces are a sep
arate service w ith th eir own m anpower.)
IC B M : 1.527.
209 SS-7 Saddler and SS-8 Sasin.
288 SS-9 Scarp.
970 SS-11 (in clu din g about 100 w ith var-
lable-range capability sited w ith in IR B M /
M RB M fie ld s ).
60 SS-13 Savage.
IR B M and M R B M : about 600.
100 SS5 Skean IR BM .
500 SS-4 Sandal MRBM.
(T h e m a jority are sited near the western
border o f th e USSR, th e rem ainder east o f
th e Urals.)
(C ) A ir Force.
Lon g Range A ir F orce (L R A F ) : 840 com bat
aircraft. (A b ou t 75 per cen t Is based In
the European USSR, w ith m ost o f the re
mainder in the Far East; In addition It has
staging and dispersal points in th e A rctic.)
Lon g-ran ge b om bers: 140.
100 Tu-95 Bear and 40 M ya-4 Bison.
Tankers: 50 M ya-4 Bison.
M edium -range bom bers: 700.
500 Tu-16 Badger and 200 Tu-22 B linder.
D efen sive:
A ir Defense Forces (P V O -S fra n y ) fo rm a
separate com mand, com prising an early
w arning and con trol system, flgh ter-in ter-
ceptor squadrons, and SAM units. A ir De
fence Forces have a to tal strength o f 500,000,
m anpower bein g provided by th e Arm y and
A ir Force.
A irc ra ft: about 2,900.
In tercep tors: Include about 950 MIG-17,
M ig-19, and Yak-25: 800 Su-9; 1,150 Y a k -
28P Firebar, TU-28P Fiddler, Su-11 Flagon A.
and M IG-25 Foxbat.
A E W a ircra ft: 10 m odified Tu-114 Moss.
A n ti-B a llis tic Missiles ( A B M ):
64 G alosh long-range m issile launchers are
deployed in fou r sites around Moscow, each
w ith Try Add engagem ent radars (an oth er
radar o f th is type is under con stru ction ).
T a rg e t acqu isition and trackin g is by a
phased-array D og House radar, and early
w arning is given by phased-array Hen House
radar on th e S oviet borders. T h e range o f
G alosh Is believed to be over 200 miles, and
Its warheads are nuclear, presum ably In the
m egaton range. W ork has been resumed on
p reviously uncom pleted com plexes in the
Moscow area. A fo llo w -o n long-range ABM
system Is believed to be under developm ent.
S A M : 10,000 launchers a t about 1,600 sites.
SA-2 G u id e lin e : about 5,000; track-w hlle-
scan Fan Song radar; hlgh-exploslve war
head: slant range (launcher to ta rge t) about
25 miles; effective between 1,000 and 80,000
feet.
SA-3 G oa : Two-stage, short-range, low -
level missile: slan t range about 15 miles.
SA-4 G a n el: T w in -m ou n ted (o n tracked
c arrier), alr-transportable, long-range m is
sile w ith solid fu el boosters and ram-Jet
su stalner.
SA-5 G riffo n : Two-stage, boosted A A m is
sile; slant range about 50 miles, w ith a capa
b ility against ASM.
S A -6 G a in fu l: T riple-m ou n ted (on tracked
c a r r ie r ). low -level missile.
A n ti-A ir c r a ft A rtille ry :
14.5mm. 23mm, 57mm tow ed guns and
ZSU-57-2 57mm tw in -barrelled and Z8U -23-
4 23mm fou r-b arrelled tracked SP guns;
85mm, 100mm, and 130mm guns.
A rm y: 2,050,000.
107 m otorized rifle divisions.
50 tan k divisions.
7 airborne divisions.
S S M : (nuclear c a p a b le ): about 900 (u n its
are organic to fo r m a tio n s ), in clu din g:
(1 ) F R O G 17, range 14-45 miles.
(2 ) Scud A, range 50 miles.
(3 ) Scud B, range 185 miles.
(4 ) Scaleboard, range 500 miles.
SAitf: SA-2, SA-4, SA-6, and possibly SA-7
G ra il (m a n -p o rta b le).
Tanks:
JS 2/3 hy; T -62 and T-54/55 m ed: PT-76
am phibious recce It (m ost Soviet tanks are
equipped fo r am phibious crossing by deep
wading, and m any carry In fra-red n ig h t-
figh tin g e q u ip m e n t). A t fu ll strength, tank
d ivisions have 316 m edium tanks and m otor
ized rifle divisions 188. Produ ction has begun
on a new m edium tank, the M-1970. and a
lig h t tank.
A F V : BTR-152. -60. -50P series; BM P APC;
B R D M scout car.
Artillery:
100 mm, 122mm, 130mm. 152mm, and
203mm field guns; 12 2mm to 25mm m u ltip le
R L ; 140mm R L ; ASU-57 and ASU-85 SP and
40957
85mm and 100mm A T K guns; Sagger, Snap
per, Sw atter A T G W ; A A guns.
D eploym ent and S tre n g th :
C entral and Eastern E u rope: 31 divs: 20
dlvs (10 ta n k ) in East Germ any; 2 tank divs
in Poland; 4 divs (2 ta n k ) In Hungary; and 5
divs (2 ta n k ) In Czechoslovakia; 7,850 m edi
um tanks. (These are the tanks held in the
divisions: there are known to be in addition,
some 1,000 T-54/55 tanks in reserve w hich
have been replaced by T-62 b u t which have
n ot yet been w ithdraw n.)
European U SSR : 60 divs (ab ou t 20 ta n k ).
C en tra l USSR (b etw een th e V olga and Lake
B a ik a l): 5 divs (2 t a n k ).
S ou th ern USSR (Caucasus and W est T u r
kestan) : 23 divs (4 ta n k ).
S in o-S oviet border area: 45 divs, lncl 2 In
M on golia (ab o u t 8 ta n k ).
S o viet divisions have three degrees o f
com bat readiness; Category 1, between th ree-
quarters and fu ll strength, w ith com plete
equipm ent; Category 2, between h a lf and
three-quarters strength, w ith com plete figh t
ing vehicles; Category 3, about on e-third
strength, possibly w ith com plete figh tin g
vehicles (th ou gh some may be obsolescent).
T h e 31 dlvs in Eastern Europe are Category
1, as are about a th ird o f those in the Euro
pean USSR and th e Far East and a few In
the Southern USSR. T h e rem ain in g divisions
in European USSR, Southern USSR, and the
Far East are probably even ly d ivid ed be
tw een Categories 2 and 3. T h e divisions in
Central USSR are lik ely to be in Category 3.
Outside the W arsaw P act area:
In stru ctors and advisers: A lgeria 1,000,
Cuba 1,000, E gypt 1,000, Ira q 1,500, North
Vietnam 1,000, Som ali R epublic 1,000, Syria
2-3.000, Yem en Arab R epublic 500, People's
Dem ocratic R epublic o f South Yem en 200.
N avy: 475,000 (ln cl Naval A ir Force, 75,000,
and Naval In fa n try , 17,000); 212 m ajor sur
face com bat ships, 285 attack and cruise
missile submarines.
Subm arines:
A tta ck : 35 nuclear (C -, V -, N-classes), 195
diesel (B -, F-, R -, Q-. Z-, W -cla sses).
Lon g-ran ge cruise missile, 30 nuclear-
powered (E -class) and 25 diesel (J -, W -
classes) w ith 2-8, 450-mlle range SS-N-3
missiles.
Surface ships:
2 ASW helicopter cruisers, each w ith 2
tw in SAM and about 20 Ka-25 hel.
2 K ara-class cruisers w ith SSM and SAM.
4 K resta 1-class cruisers w ith SSM and
SAM.
5 K resta 11-class cruisers w ith SSM and
SAM.
4 Kynda-class cruisers w ith SSM and
SAM.
11 Sverdlov-class (1 w ith S A M ) adn 4
older cruisers.
4 K rlva k -d ass destroyers w tih SSM and
SAM.
5 K anin-class destroyers w ith SAM.
3 K rupny-class destroyers w ith SSM.
4 K lldin -class destroyers w ith SSM.
18 Kashin-class destroyers w ith SAM.
6 m odified K otlin -class destroyers w ith
SAM.
37 K o tlln - and Skory-class destroyers.
103 oth er ocean-going escorts.
250 coastal escorts and submarine chasers.
6 Nanuchka-class coastal escorts w tih SSM
and SAM.
117 Osa- and 10 Kom ar-class FPB with
Styx SSM.
200 torpedo boats.
170 fleet minesweepers.
125 coastal minesweepers.
102 am phibious ships.
131 lan d in g craft.
6 air cushion vehicles.
(1 40.000-ton aircra ft carrier has been
launched, apparently designed to operate V/
S T O L aircraft and helicopters; a second m ay
be b u ilding.)
40958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SEN ATE
Some trawlers are used fo r electron ic In
telligence. A ll submarines and th e larger sur
face vessels n o t fitte d w ith SSM are equipped
fo r m inelaylng.
A proportion o f th e destroyers and sm aller
vessels may n o t be fu lly manned.
Coasts are covered by a coast watch radar
and visual reportin g system. Approaches to
naval bases and m ajor ports are protected
by S S-N -3 Shaddock coast defence missiles
and heavy guns under naval command.
Shore-based a ircra ft: about 670 com bat
a ircra ft (m ost based near th e n orth-w est
and Black Sea coasts o f the U S S R ).
300 Tu-16 Badger w ith one K ip p e r or tw o
K e lt ASM.
60 Tu-22 B lin d er strik e and reconnais
sance.
40 11-28 Beagle torpedo-equipped lig h t
bombers.
50 T u -B ear long-range naval reconnais
sance.
150 Tu-16 Badger reconnaissance and
tanker.
80 Be -2 M a il ASW amphibians.
40 II-3 8 May A S W aircraft.
240 M l-4 and Ka-25 ASW helicopters.
200 m iscellaneous transports.
N aval In fa n try (m a r in e s ): 17.000.
O rganized In brigades and assigned to
fleets. Equipped w ith standard In fan try
weapons. T-54/55 med tks, P T-76 I t tks, and
APC.
D ep loy m en t (average strengths o n l y ) :
N o rth e rn F le e t: 170 submarines, 45 m ajor
surface com bat ships.
B a ltic F le e t: 43 submarines, 52 m ajor sur
face com bat ships.
B lack Sea F le e t: 31 submarines, 63 m ajor
surface com bat ships.
P a cific F le e t: 107 submarines, 52 m ajor
surface com bat ships.
A ir Force: 550.000: about 8,250 com bat
aircraft.
(I ) L o n g R ange A ir Force (see a b o ve ).
(I I ) T actical A ir Force: about 4,500 a ir
craft, lncl m edium and lig h t bom bers and
flghter-bom bers, fighters, helicopters, trans
port, and recce aircraft. Some obsolescent
M IG -17, M IG 19, and II-2E are s till In serv
ice. T h e m ost notable h igh perform ance a ir
c ra ft are th e M IG -21M F Flshbed J and M IG -
23 Flogger fighters, th e ground attack 8u-7
F itte r, and Yak-28 Brewer lig h t bomber.
( i l l ) A ir Defence Forces (see ab o ve).
( lv ) A ir Tran sport Force: about 1,700 a ir
craft, I I - 14. An-8, An-24, some 800 An-12
and 11-18 m edium tpts, and 15 An-22 heavy
tpts.
1,750 hel (ab ou t 800 M i-6, M i-8, Mi-10, and
M l12).
D ep loy m e n t:
A b ou t h a lf th e T actical A ir Force Is o ri
ented towards W estern Europe and a quarter
towards China. Some 1,250 aircra ft are
actu ally deployed in Eastern Europe.
Reserves: about 3,000.000 (500,000 w ith re
cen t train in g earmarked to r divisional rein
forcem en ts) .
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 300.000.
125,000 security troops: 175,000 K G B b or
der troops. There are also about 1.5 m illion
m embers o f the p art-tim e m ilitary train in g
organization (D O S A A F ) w h o take p art in
such recreational activities as athletics,
shooting, and parachuting, b u t reservist
train in g and refresher courses seem to be
haphazard and Irregular. However, D OSAAF
assists in p re-m ilitary tra in in g given in
schools, colleges, and workers' centres to
those o f 15 and over.
SOVI E T DEFENCE E X P E N D IT URES
N o single figure o f S o viet defence expendi
tu re in dollar term s can be given, as p reci
sion Is n o t possible on present knowledge.
Budgetary In form ation is lacking. T h e So
v ie t defence budget, which has rem ained Im
plausibly static a t ju s t under 18 b illion
roubles a year since 1969, excludes a number
o f Item s: 'm ilita ry R&D, stockpiling, c ivil
defence, foreign m ilita ry aid. as w ell as space
and nuclear energy p ro gra m s';1 and also
fro n tier guards and o th er security troops.2
T h e largest o f these missing item s Is m ili
ta ry R AD , much o f which is th ou gh t to be
financed out o f the grow in g votes for science.
T h e A ll-U n ion science budget has grow n at
a rate o f 9 per cen t per year since 1969,
equ ivalen t to dou blin g over e igh t years, to
reach an estim ated level o f 8.4 b illion roubles
in 1973. Between 1950 and 1957, a period fo r
w hich detailed statistics were available, 56
75 per cen t o f the A ll-U n ion science budget
was unidentified.3 Becker assumed all these
un iden tified Items t o be defence-related.
Justifying this on th e grounds th a t even If
th is were an overstatem en t It would com
pensate fo r other defen ce-related R&D in
th e un iden tified residuals o f the budgets for
H igh er Education In stitu tio n s and E nter
prises; he suggests th a t 25-75 per cen t o f
such residuals m ig h t be defense-related.
Anderson and Lee estim ate th a t 50-80 per
cen t o f Enterprises ow n funds' and 70-80
p er cen t o f th e A ll-U n ion science budget are
defence-related.4 Cohn gives a much wider
range o f 50-100 per cen t o f th e A ll-U n ion
science budget as being defence-related.5
A n alternative m ethod, which gives an in
s ig h t in to S oviet expenditu re on defence
equ ip m en t In particular, has been attem pted
by b oth Becker and B o retsk y.6 T h e y have
each attem pted to estim ate the proportion
o f S oviet m achine building which Is defence-
related and then to find a rouble exchange
ra te which, when applied to the rouble esti
m ate o f d efen ce-related m achine production,
results In a dollar estim ate o f w h at It would
cost to produce the equ ivalen t m achines In
th e U n ited States. Such an estim ate. In con
ju n ctio n w ith an allowance fo r manpower
costs, produces an Impression o f S oviet d e
fence spending. U n fortu n ately m ost p ub
lished data still relates to 1955, and It Is
difficult to up-date this. In particu lar Soviet
prices are know n to have been revised,
n otably In 1967. A controversy has centered
on Boretskys rouble estim ate o f defence-
related m achine production, as w ell as on
his exchange rate fo r con vertin g the rouble
value o f m achinery in to dollars (0.32
r o u b le s = $ l).7
T h e overall defence rouble exchange rate,
as opposed to th a t fo r defence equipm ent, has
ranged fro m 0.40 to 0.50 roubles to $1. Born-
steln suggests 0.40 roubles to $1 In 1955;8
B en oit and Lu b ell give 0.42 roubles to $1 In
1962;9 and Lee presents a set o f rising ranges
w hich reaches 0.45-0.50 roubles to $1 by
1965.10 Lee's Im p licit grow th rate o f 1-2 per
cen t would suggest a range o f 0.50-0.55
roubles to 81 by 1973. His risin g tren d was
based on the b elie f th a t developm ent costs
fo r the S oviet U n ion were rising m ore rapidly
than In th e U n ited States, b u t overall In
flatio n In the U n ited States (th e wholesale
price Index has risen at th e annual rate o f
3 per cent since 1965) m ay have offset such
a trend, If n o t actu ally reserved It Lee h im
s elf acknowledges tw o schools o f th ou gh t on
tills m atter. There exists, therefore, a degree
o f un certain ty over th e correct defence rouble
exchange rate.
A n exam ple w ill Illustrate the cum ulative
im pact o f the several uncertainties. I f the
Cohn assumption (50-100 per cent o f the A ll
U nion science b u d get) Is taken for 1973 and
added to the official S oviet defence budget, it
produces a range o f 22.1-26.3 b illion roubles,
which gives a + or variation o f 9 per cent
around the m id-poin t. T h e range Is widened
s till fu rth er when a rouble exchange rate
range o f 0.40 to 0.55 roubles to $1 Is taken.
T h is gives a m axim um range o f $40.2$65.8
b illion , which gives a 24 per cen t + o r
v ariation around the m id -poin t. T h e defence
expenditure figure a t once becomes more
speculative when converted in to dollar
terms.
T h e In stitu te's ow n In clination Is to base
an estim ate on a m ore precise allow ance fo r
December 12, 1973
m anpower costs. F or F T 1973 U nited States
m ilitary m anpow er-related costs am ount to
40 per cent o f to ta l D epartm ent o f Defense
o u tla ys 11 and N ation al Guard, Reserves, and
Civilians ( 'others ) accounted fo r an addi
tional 16 per cent. Assum ing th e same per
centages for F Y 1974 this would give fo r the
calendar year 1973 a m ilita ry manpower cost
o f $30.8 b illion and a to tal fo r 'others' o f
$12.3 billion. In mld-1973 there were 2,288,000
servicemen and 1.982,000 others.12 givin g an
average cost per serviceman o f $13,444 and
an average cost per head o f oth er personnel
o f $6,208. Soviet m ilita ry m anpower in m id-
1973 Is estim ated at 3,425,000. Security and
border guards num ber around 300,000, and.
In addition, there are reserves and some c iv il
ians. Thou gh th e organization and train in g
o f reserves In the S oviet U nion differs from
that in the U nited States, a figure o f 700,000
would cover th e number o f reserves o f com
parable preparedness to those In the United
States, as w ell as civilians. Using these figures
the equ ivalen t dollar costs o f Soviet m ilitary
manpower are $46.0 b illion and o f other per
sonnel $6.2 b illion .
I t has been asserted th at 30-35 per cent of
the S oviet defence budget is personnel-re
lated.13 T o th e rem ainder may be added 70
80 per cent o f th e A ll-U n ion science budget,
assumed to cover defence-related R&D, pro
ducing a non-m anpow er cost range o f 17.5
19.2 b illion roubles. If this Is converted at
th e rate o f 0.5 roubles to $1 it gives $35.0-
$38.4 b illion . W h en this Is added to the dollar
m anpower costs arrived at above a total range
o f $87.2-$90.6 b illion results. I f others' were
excluded fro m th e calculation the range
would be $81.0-$84.4 b illion . T h is would sug
gest th a t th e equivalen t d ollar costs o f S ovi
e t resources devoted to defence may well be
comparable to Am erican spending and per
haps well above it. I t m ust be borne in mind,
however, th at this m ethod uses United States
price w eightings. T h e relationships could be
very d ifferen t If S oviet prices were used as
weights Instead.
FO O T N O T E S
1A. S. Becker, S oviet M ilita ry O utlays Since
1955 (S an ta Monica, C a lif.: R AN D Corpora
tion. July 1964), p. v.
2 The M ilita ry Balance 1970-71, p. 11.
3 Nancy N lm itz, S ov iet E xpend itu re on Sci
e n tific Research (S an ta M onica, C alif.: RAND
Corporation, January 1963), p. 45.
4 S. Anderson and W . Lee. Probable Trends
and M agn itu d e o f Soviet E xpend itu re fo r Na
tio n a l S ecurity Purposes (S tanford, C a lif.:
S tanford Research In stitu te, February 1969).
5Stanley H. Cohn, Econom ic Burden o f
Soviet Defense Expenditure, In E con om ic
Perform a nce and th e M ilita ry Burden in th e
Soviet U nion (W ashington, D.C.: Congress
o f th e U n ited States, 1970), pp. 166-88.
6 M ichael Boretsky, T h e Technological Base
o f S oviet M ilitary P ow er In E con om ic P e r
form an ce and th e M ilita ry B urden in th e So
viet U nion, op. clt., pp. 189-231.
7 Surv iva l. O ctober 1971: July/August 1972.
8M orris Bornsteln, A Comparison o f So
viet and U nited States N ation al P rodu ct, In
S u b -C o m m itte e on E con om ic Sta tistics o f
th e J o in t E con om ic C o m m itte e (W ash in g
ton. D.C., 1960), pp. 377-95.
9 Em ile B en oit and Harold Lubell, The
W orld Burden o f National D efense In Emile
Benoit, ed., D isarm am ent and W orld Eco
n o m ic Interdependence (N e w Y o rk and Lo n
don: Colum bia U n iversity Press, 1967).
10W. T. Lee, C alcu latin g S oviet National
Security Expenditures, In S u b -C o m m itte e in
G overn m en t o f th e J o in t E con om ic C o m m it
tee. The M ilita ry B udget and N a tion a l E co
n o m ic P rio ritie s, P a rt 3 (W ashington, D.C.,
June 1969), pp. 932-33.
11 M ilita ry M anpow er R equ irem ents Report
fo r F Y 1973 (W ashington. D.C.: Departm ent
o f Defense. February 1972), p. 101.
12T h is Is th e to tal budgeted for, see State
m e n t o f Secretary o f Defense E llio t L. R ic h
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
ardson F Y 1974 Defense B udget and F Y
1974-78 P rog ra m (W ashington, D.C.: The
House Arm ed Services Com m ittee, March
1973): see cou ntry entry lo r actual total.
13 Secretary o f Defense M e lv in R . L aird s
A n n u a l Defense D ep a rtm en t R e p o rt F Y 1973
(W ashington, D C .: T h e House Arm ed Serv
ices C om m ittee, February 1972).
T h e W arsaw P act
T R E ATIE S
T h e W arsaw Pact Is a m u ltilateral m ili
tary alliance form ed by the T rea ty o f F rien d
ship. M utual Assistance, and Co-operation'
w hich was signed in Warsaw on 14 M ay 1955
by the G overnm ents o f the S oviet Union.
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East G er
many, Hungary, Poland, and Rum ania; A l
bania le ft the Pact In Septem ber 1968. The
Pact Is com m itted to the defence o n ly o f
the European territories o f th e mem ber
states.
T h e Soviet U nion Is also linked by bilateral
treaties o f friendship and m utual assistance
w ith Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany,
Hungary, Poland, and Rum ania. Members o f
th e Warsaw Pact have sim ilar bilateral
treaties w ith each other. T h e essence o f East
European defence arrangements Is n ot there
fo re dependent on th e Warsaw T rea ty as
such. T h e Soviet U nion has concluded status-
o r-forces agreem ents w ith Poland, East G er
many. Rum ania, and H ungary between De
cem ber 1956 and M ay 1957 and w ith Czech
oslovakia in O ctober 1968; all these rem ain in
effect except th e one w ith R um ania which
lapsed In June 1958 when S oviet troops le ft
Rum ania.
O R G A N IZ A T IO N
T h e P o litica l Consu ltative C om m ittee con
sists, In fu ll session, o f th e F irst Secre
taries o f th e Com m unist Party. Heads o f
G overnm ent, and th e Foreign and D efence
M inisters o f th e m em ber countries. T h e
C om m ittee has a Joint Secretariat, headed by
a S oviet official, consisting o f a specially ap
poin ted representative fro m each country,
and a Perm anent Commission, whose task lt
is to m ake recom m endations on general ques
tion s o f foreign p olicy fo r P act members.
B oth these bodies are located In Moscow.
Since th e 1969 re-organ lzation o f th e Pact
th e n on -S oviet M inisters o f D efence are no
lon ger d irectly subordinate to th e Comman-
d er-in -C h le f o f th e Pact, b u t form , together
w ith th e S oviet M inister, the Council o f De
fence M inisters, w hich Is the highest m ilitary
body in th e Pact.
T h e second body, th e Join t H igh Com
mand, Is required by the T rea ty to stren gth
en th e defensive cap ab ility o f the Warsaw
Pact, to prepare m ilita ry plans In case o f
war, and to decide on th e d ep loym ent o f
troops. T h e Command consists o f a C om
m a n d er-in -C h ief (C - ln - C ), and a M ilitary
Council. T h is Council meets under the chair
m anship o f the C -ln-C. and Includes th e
C h ie f o f 8 taff C o f S and perm anent m ili
tary representatives from each o f the allied
armed forces. I t seems to be th e m ain chan
nel th rou gh which th e P a c ts orders are
transm itted to Its forces In peacetim e and
through w hich the East European forces are
able to p u t th e ir p oin t o f view to the C-ln-C.
T h e P act also has a M ilita ry Staff, which
Includes non-S oviet senior officers. T h e posts
o f C -in -C and C o f S or th e J o in t H igh
Com m and have however, always been held by
S oviet officers and m ost o f the key positions
are s till In S oviet hands.
In th e even t o f war. the forces o f the other
P act m embers w ou ld be operationally sub
ord inate to th e S oviet H igh Command. The
com m and o f the air defence system covering
th e w h ole W arsaw P act area is now cen
tralized In M oscow and directed by th e C -in -
C o f th e S oviet A ir D efence Forces. Am ong
th e S oviet m ilitary headquarters In the W ar
saw act area are the N orthern Group o f
Forces at Legn ica In Poland; th e Southern
Group o f Forces at Budapest; the Group of
S oviet Forces In Germ any at Zossen-W uns-
dorf, near Berlin; and th e Central Group of
Forces a t M ilo vice, n orth o f Prague. Soviet
tactical air forces are stationed In Poland,
East Germ any, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia.
T h e S oviet U nion has deployed short-range
surface-to-surface m issile (S S M ) launchers
in Eastern Europe. M ost East European coun
tries also have short-range SSM launchers,
bu t there Is n o evidence th a t nuclear war
heads fo r these missiles have been supplied
to them. Soviet longer-range missiles are all
based In the Soviet Union.
BU LG ARIA
P op u lation : 8,660,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y and A ir Force, 2
years; Navy, 3 years.
T o ta l regular forces: 152,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $11.1 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 422 m illion leva ($301
m illio n ).
1.4 le v a = $l.
A rm y: 120,000.
(E ast European Warsaw P act form ations
are n o t all manned at the same level. They
can be regarded as being In tw o categories:
Category 1 form ations up to three-quarters
o f establishm ent stren gth : Category 2
(show n here and th rou gh ou t this section as
ca d re); u n lik ely to be at m ore than a qu ar
ter o f establishm ent stren gth .)
8 m otorized rifle divisions (3 c a d r e ).
5 tank brigades.
Some by tks; about 2,000 med tks m ainly
T-54, w ith some T-34 and T-55; P T-76 lt tks:
BR D M scout cars; BTR 50. BTR-60. and
BTR-152 A PC; 88mm, 100mm, 122mm,
130mm, and 152mm guns; SU-100 SP guns;
F R O G and Scud SSM; 57mm and 85mm A T k
guns; Sagger and Snapper A T G W ; 37mm and
57mm A A guns.
Reserves: 250,000.
N avy: 10,000.
2 W -class submarines.
2 R iga-class escorts.
8 SO I- and K ron sta dt-typ e coastal escorts.
20 M CM ships.
5 Osa-class patrol boats w ith Styx SSM.
20 coastal patrol boats.
15 m otor torpedo boats (8 less than 100
to n s ).
20 lan d in g craft.
6 M i-4 helicopters.
Reserves: 10,000.
A ir Force: 22,000; 252 com bat aircraft.
6 figh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith M iG-17.
3 in terceptor squadrons w ith M iG-21.
3 Interceptor squadrons w ith MIG-19.
6 Interceptor squadrons w ith M iG-17.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith 11-28.
2 recce sqns w ith MIG-15. M iG-17, and
M iG-21.
(12 aircra ft in a com bat squadron.)
4 Li-2, 6 An-2, and 10 n -1 4 transports.
A b ou t 40 M i-4 helicopters.
S A-2 SAM.
1 parachute regim ent.
Reserves: 20,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: '7,000, inclu ding
border guards; security police; a volunteer
Peoples M llltla o f 150,000.
C Z E C H O S L O V A K IA
Pop u lation : 14,600,000.
M ilita ry service: Arm y 24 months; Air
Force 27 months.
T o ta l regular forces: 190,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $32.9 billion.
D efence budget 1973: 16.7 b illion koruny
( $1,336 m illio n ).
12.5 k o ru n y= $1.
Arm y: 150.000.
5 tank divisions.
5 m otorized rifle divisions (2 c a d re ).
1 airborne brigade.
Some hy tanks; about 3.400 med tks, m ost
ly T -55 and T-62 w ith some T-54 and
T34; O T-65 scout cars; O T-62 and O T -
64 APC; SU-100, SU122, and JSU-1S2 SP
guns; 122mm how; 82mm and 120mm mor;
40959
FR O G and Scud SSM; 57mm, 85 mm, and
100mm A T k guns; Sagger, Snapper, and
Sw atter A T G W ; 23mm and 57mm AA guns.
A b ou t 200 M l1 and M l-4 hel.
Reserves: 300,000.
A ir Force: 40,000; 504 com bat aircraft.
12 F G A sqns w ith Su 7, M iG-15, and M iG -
17.
18 In terceptor squadrons w ith M IG-19 and
M IG-21.
6 recce sqns w ith M IG-21, n -28 , and L-29.
(14 aircra ft In a com bat squadron.)
Ab out 50 A n -2 4 ,11-14, and 11-18 transports.
A b out 90 M l1, M l-4, and M l 8 helicopters.
S A-2 SAM.
Reserves: 50,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: Border troops (P o h -
ranicki s tra z), 35,000 (subordinate to the
M in istry o f th e In te rio r). A p art-tim e Peo
p le's M ilitia o f about 120,000 is being in
creased to 250.000.
G E R M A N D EM O CRATIC R E PU B LIC
P op u lation : 17,000,000.
M ilitary service: 18 months.
T o ta l regular forces: 132,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $35.3 billion.
Defense budget 1973: 8,328 m illio n Ost-
marks ( $2.031 m illio n ).
4.1 O s tm a rk s = $l.
A rm y: 90,000.
2 tank divisions.
4 m otorized rifle divisions.
Some hy tks; about 2,000 med tks, T-54.
T-55, and T-62; several hundred T -34 (used
fo r t r a in in g ); about 130 P T-76 l t tks; BRDM
scout cars; BTR-50P, B TR-60P, and BTR-152
APC; SU-100 SP guns; 85 mm, 122 mm,
130mm, and 152mm guns; F R O G 7 and Scud
B SSM; 57mm and 100mm A T k guns; Sagger,
Snapper, and Sw atter A T G W ; 23mm and
57mm SP A A guns and 100mm A A guns.
Reserves: 200,000.
N a vy: 17,000.
2 R iga -typ e escorts.
25 coastal escorts.
12 Osa-class patrol boats w ith S tyx SSM.
26 SOI- and H al-typ e submarine chasers.
12 fleet and 45 m edium minesweepers.
63 m otor torpedo boats (45 less than 100
to n s ).
18 lan d in g ships and craft.
8 M i4 helicopters.
Reserves: 20,000.
A ir Force: 25,000; 320 com bat aircraft.
2 Interceptor squadrons w ith M iG-17.
18 in terceptor squadrons w ith M iG-21.
(16 aircra ft In a com bat squadron.)
30 transports. Including An-2, 11-14, and
11-18.
40 M i-1, M i-4, and M l-8 helicopters.
1 AD d lv o f 9,000 (5 re g im e n ts ), w ith about
120 57mm and 100mm A A guns and SA-2
SAM.
Reserves: 30,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 80,000.
46,000 Border Guards (G ren zsch u tz-tru p -
pen ) Including a Border Command separate
from the regular army. 24,000 security troops
plus 400,000 In armed workers organizations
(K am p fgru p pen der A rbeiterk lasse).
HUNGARY
Pop u lation : 10,450,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T o ta l regular fo rce s : 103.000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $15.3 billion.
D efence budget 1973; 16.117 m illion forin ts
($695 m illio n ).
23 2 f o r in t s = $l.
A rm y: 90,000.
1 tank division.
4 m otorized rifle divisions (2 cad re).
Some h y tks; about 1,500 m ed tks, m ainly
T-55 and T-54; some T -34 fo r train in g; 50
P T-76 l t tks: FU G M and O T 65 scout cars;
FU G M1970, O T 64, and BTR-152 APC;
76mm, 85mm, and 122mm guns; 122mm and
152mm how: F R O G and Scud SSM; 57mm
A T k guns; Sagger, Snapper, and Sw atter
A T G W ; 57mm tw in S P A A guns.
40960 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
Reserves: 150,000.
N avy: 500.
Danube R ive r G uard o f sm all patrol craft.
A ir Force: 12,500; 108 com bat aircraft.
9 in terceptor sqns w ith 108 M IG -17 and
M IG-21.
A b out 25 An-2, 11-4. and L l-2 transport
aircraft.
A b out 15 M l-1, M l-4. and M i-8 helicopters.
2 SAMS battalions w ith SA-2.
Reserves: 13,000.
P ara-M tlltary Forces: 27,000 security and
border guard troops; 250,000 workers' m ilitia.
PO LAND
Pop u lation : 33,725,000.
M ilitary service: A rm y and A ir Force, 2
years; N a vy and special services, 3 years; In
ternal security forces, 27 months.
T o ta l regular fo rce s : 280,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $44.5 b illion .
Defence budget 1973: 39.21 b illion zloty
($1,799 m illio n ).
21.8 zlotys = $ l.
A rm y: 200.000.
6 tank divisions.
8 m otorized rifle divisions (2 cad re).
1 airborne division.
1 am phibious assault division.
Some h v tks; 3,400 m ed tks. T-54, T-55,
and some T-62; some T -34 fo r train in g;
about 250 P T-76 It tks; FU G and B RD M scout
cars; OT-62. OT-64, and BTR-152 APC;
ASU-57 and ASU-85 A B assault guns; 122mm
guns, 122mm how, and 152mm gun/how;
F R O G and Scud SSM; 57mm, 85mm. and
100mm A Tk guns; Sagger. Snapper, and
Sw atter A T G W ; 23mm and 57mm S P AA
guns.
Reserves: 500.000.
N a vy: 25,000 (in clu d in g 1,000 m a rin es).
5 W -class submarines.
4 destroyers (1 K otlln -class w ith S A -N -1 ).
30 coastal escorts/submarine chasers.
24 fleet and 25 Inshore minesweepers.
12 Osa-class patrol boats w ith S tyx SSM.
20 torpedo boats.
38 fast patrol boats.
16 lan din g ships.
55 naval aircraft, m ostly MIG-17, w ith a
few 11-28 I t bomber/recce and some helicop
ters.
Reserves: 40,000.
A ir Force: 55.000: 696 com bat aircraft.
4 lig h t bom ber squadrons w ith n-28.
12 flgh ter-bom ber sqns w ith M IG-17 and
Su-7.
36 Interceptor squadrons w ith M iG-15,
MIG-17. M iG -19, and M IG-21.
6 recce sqns w ith M iG-15, M iG-21, and
11-28.
(12 a ircra ft In a com bat squadron.)
A b out 45 An-2, An-12, An-24, 11-12, H-14,
11-18, and L i-2 transports.
40 helicopters. Including M l-1, M l-4, and
M l-8.
S A-2 SAM.
Reserves: 60,000.
Para -M llltary Forces: 73,000 security and
border troops, Including armoured brigades
o f th e T errito ria l D efence Force; 20 small
patrol boats are operated.
R U M A N IA
P op u lation : 20.900.000.
M ilitary service: Arm y and A ir Force, 16
months; Navy. 2 years.
T o ta l regular forces: 170,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $26.5 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 7.92 b illion lei ($528
m illio n ).
15.0 l e l s = $l.
A rm y: 141,000.
2 tank divisions.
7 m otorized rifle divisions.
1 m ountain brigade.
1 airborne regim ent.
Some h y tks; 1.700 T-34. T-54, T-55, and
T-62 med tks; BTR-40, B TR-50P, and B T R -
152 APC: SU-100 S P guns; 76mm, 122mm,
and 152mm guns; F R O G and Scud SSM;
57mm, 85mm, and 100mm A Tk guns; Sagger,
Snapper, and Sw atter A T G W ; 37mm, 57mm,
and 100mm A A guns.
Reserves: 250.000.
N a vy: 8.000.
6 P o tl- and K ronstadt-class coastal escorts.
5 Osa-class patrol boats w ith S tyx SSM.
24 M CM ships.
12 m otor torpedo boats.
4 M l-4 helicopters.
Reserves: 10,000.
A ir Force: 21,000; 252 com bat aircraft.
20 in tercep tor squadrons w ith M iG-17,
M iG -19, and M iG-21.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith n -28.
(12 aircraft In a com bat squadron.)
1 transport squadron w ith 11-14 and Li-2.
10 M l-4 helicopters.
SA -2 SAM.
Reserves: 25,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 40.000 Including b or
der troops; m ilitia o f about 500,000.
T h e N o r t h A t l a n t ic T r e a t y
t r e a t ie s
T h e N orth A tla n tic T rea ty was signed in
1949 by Belgium , B ritain , Canada, Denmark,
France. Iceland, Ita ly , Luxem bourg, the N e th
erlands, Norway. Portugal, and th e United
States: Greece and Turkey Joined In 1952 and
W est G erm any In 1955. T h e treaty binds
W estern Europe and N o rth Am erica In a
com m itm en t to consult togeth er I f the se
cu rity o f any one m em ber is threatened, and
to consider an armed attack against one as
an attack against all, to be m et by such ac
tion as each o f them deems necessary, in
cluding the use o f armed force, to restore
and m ain tain the security o f th e North
A tla n tic area'.
T h e Paris Agreem ents o f 1954 added a P ro
tocol to the T rea ty aim ed a t strengthening
th e structure o f N A TO , and revised the Brus
sels T rea ty o f 1948, which now includes Ita ly
and W est Germ any In ad d ition to its original
members (B en elu x countries, B ritain , and
F r a n c e ). T h e Brussels T rea ty signatories are
com m itted to give one an oth er all th e m ili
tary and oth er aid and assistance in th eir
pow er' If one Is th e su b ject o f armed aggres
sion in Europe.
Since 1969 members o f th e A tla n tic A lli
ance can w ith draw on one year's notice; the
Brussels T rea ty was signed fo r 50 years.
o r g a n iz a t io n
T h e O rgan ization o f th e N o rth A tla n tic
T rea ty is know n as N A TO . T h e governing
body o f the alliance, th e N o rth A tla n tic
Council, w hich has Its headquarters In Brus
sels, consists o f the M inisters o f the fifteen
mem ber-countrles, w ho n orm ally m eet tw ice
a year, and o f ambassadors representing each
governm ent, who are in perm anent session.
In 1966. France le ft the Integrated m ilitary
organization and the 14-natlon D efence P lan
n in g C om m ittee (D P C ), on w hich France
does n o t sit, was form ed. I t m eets at th e same
levels as th e Council and deals w ith questions
related to N A TO 's in tegrated m ilita ry p lan
n in g and oth er m atters in which France
does n o t participate. T h e Secretary-General
and an In tern ational staff advise on th e
p olitico -m ilitary, financial, econom ic, and
scientific aspects o f defence planning.
T w o perm am ent bodies fo r nuclear p lan
n in g were established in 1966. T h e first, the
Nuclear D efence Affairs C om m ittee (N D A C ),
is open to all N A T O m em bers (France, Ic e
land. and Luxem bourg d o n o t take p a r t ): It
norm ally meets at Defence M inister level
once or tw ice a year, to associate non-nuclear
members in th e nuclear affairs o f th e a lli
ance. T h e Secretary-General Is Chairman o f
the NDAC.
T h e second, th e Nuclear P lan n in g Group
(N P G ), derived fro m and subordinate to th e
NDAC, has seven o r e ig h t members, and Is
Intended to go fu rth er In to th e details of
topics raised there. T h e com position con
sists, in practice, o f B ritain , Germ any, Ita ly ,
December 12, 1973
and th e U n ited States, plus three or fou r
oth er m em ber cou ntries serving in rotation
each fo r a term o f 18 months. On 1 July 1973,
there were fou r such m em bers: Canada.
Greece, the Netherlands, and Norw ay. The
Secretary-General also chairs the NPG.
T h e C ouncils m ilita ry advisers are the
M ilitary Com m ittee, w hich gives p olicy d i
rection to th e N A T O m ilita ry commands.
T h e M ilita ry Com m ittee consists o f the
Chiefs o f Staff o f a ll mem ber countries, ex
cept France, w h ich m aintains a liaison staff,
and Iceland, w h ich is not represented; in
perm anent session, the Chiefs o f Staff are
represented by M ilita ry Representatives who
are located in Brussels togeth er w ith the
Council. T h e M ilita ry C om m ittee has an in
dependent Chairm an and is served by an In
tegrated International m ilita ry staff. T h e
m ajor N A T O commanders are responsible to
the M ilita ry Com m ittee, although they also
have d irect access to the Council and heads
o f Governm ents.
T h e principal m ilita ry commands o f N A TO
are A llied Com m and Europe (A C E ), Allied
Com m and A tla n tic (A C I.A N T ), and Allied
Com m and Channel (A C C H A N ).
T h e N A T O European and A tlan tic Com
mands particip ate in th e Join t Strategic
P lan n in g System a t Omaha, Nebraska, but
there Is no Allian ce Command specifically
covering strategic nuclear forces. As fo r bal-
Ustlc-missile submarines, th e U nited States
has com m itted a sm all num ber and B ritain
a ll hers to the planning control o f SACEUR,
and th e U nited States a larger number to
S ACLANT.
T h e Supreme A llied Commander Europe
(S A C E U R ) and the Supreme A llied Com
m ander A tla n tic (S A C L A N T ) have always
been Am erican officers: and the Commander-
In -C h ief Channel (C IN C C H A N ) and Dep
u ty SACEUR and D eputy S A C LA N T British.
SACEUR is also C om m an der-ln -C h lef o f the
U n ited States Forces in Europe.
(1) A llied Com m and Europe (A C E ) has its
headquarters, known as SHAPE (Supreme
Headquarters. A llied Powers in Europe), at
Casteau, near Mons. In Belgium . I t is respon
sible fo r th e d efen ce o f all N A T O territory
In Europe except B ritain , France, Iceland,
and Portugal, and fo r th a t o f all Turkey.
I t also has general responsibility fo r the air
defence o f B ritain.
T h e European Command has some 7,000
tactical nuclear warheads in Its area. T h e
num ber o f d elivery vehicles (a ircra ft, m is
siles. and h ow itzers) Is over 2,000, spread
am ong all countries, excluding Luxembourg.
T h e nuclear explosives themselves, however,
are m aintained, w ith th e exception o f cer
ta in B ritish weapons, in Am erican custody.
(T h ere are addition ally French nuclear
weapons in France.) T actical nuclear bombs
and m issile warhead3 are all fission. There Is
a very wide range in the k lloton spectrum,
but the average yield o f the bombs stockpiled
in Europe fo r th e use o f N A T O tactical a ir
c ra ft is ab out 100 kllotons, and o f the m is
sile warheads, 20 kllotons.
Ab out 60 division equivalen ts are available
to SACEUR In peacetime. T h e Command has
some 2.750 tactical aircraft, based on about
150 standard N A T O airfields and backed up
by a system o f Jointly financed storage
depots, fu e l pipelines, and signal com m uni
cations. T h e m a jo rity o f th e lan d and air
forces stationed in th e Com m and are as
signed to SACEUR. w h ile the naval forces
are norm ally earmarked.
T h e 2d French Corps o f tw o divisions
(w h ich is n o t in tegrated in N A T O forces)
is stationed in G erm any under a status
agreem ent reached between th e French and
Germ an Governm ents. C o-operation w ith
N A T O forces and commands has been agreed
between th e com manders concerned.
T h e ACE M obile Force (A M F ) has been
form ed as a N A T O force w ith particular r e f
erence to th e northern and southeastern
flanks. Form ed by e igh t countries, It com
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
prises e ig h t in fa n try b attalion groups, an
armoured reconnaissance squadron, and
ground-support figh ter squadrons, b u t has
no air transport o f Its own.
T h e fo llo w in g Commands are subordinate
to Allied Command Europe:
(a ) A llied Forces Central Europe <AF-
C E N T ) has com mand o f both th e land forces
and the air forces In th e C en tral European
Sector. Its headquarters are a t Brunssum In
th e Netherlands, and its Com m ander (C IN -
C E N T ) Is a G erm an general.
T h e forces o f the Central European Com
m and Include 22 divisions, assigned by B el
gium . Britain, Canada. W est G erm any, the
Netherlands, and the U n ited States, and
ab out 1,600 tactical aircraft.
T h e Command Is sub-divided Into N o rth
ern Arm y G roup (N O R T H A G ) and Central
Arm y Group (C E N T A G ). N O R TH A G . respon
sible fo r the defence o f th e sector north o f
G O ttingen-Lfi'ge axis. Includes the Belgian.
British, and Dutch divisions and fou r Germ an
divisions and Is supported by 2nd A llied T ac
tical A ir Force ( A T A F ) . composed o f Belgian.
British, Dutch, and G erm an units. T h e
Am erican forces, seven Germ an divisions, and
the Canadian b attle group are under the
Central Arm y Group, supported by th e 4th
ATAF , which Includes Am erican, German,
and Canadian u n i's and ar. Am erican Arm y
A ir Defense Command.
<b) A llied Forces Northern Europe
(A F N O R T H ) has its headquarters at Kolsaas.
Norway, and is responsible fo r the defence o f
Denm ark. Norway. Schlesw ig-H olstein, and
th e B altic Approaches. T h e com m ander has
always been a B ritish general. M ost o f the
Danish and Norw egian land, sea, and tactical
air forces are earmarked for It. and m ost o f
th e ir active reserves assigned to It. G erm any
has assigned one division, tw o com bat air
t rings, and her B altic fleet. A part fro m exer
cises and some small units. US naval forces
do n o t norm ally operate in th is area.
(c ) A llied Forces Southern Europe
(A F S O U T H ) has its headquarters at Naples,
and its com m ander (C IN C S O U T H ) has a l
ways been an Am erican adm iral. I t is respon
sible fo r the defence o f Ita ly. Greece, and
Turkey, and for safeguarding com m unica
tions In the M editerranean and the Turkish
territorial w aters o f th e Black Sea. T h e fo r
m ations available Include 17 divisions from
Turkey, 8 fro m Greece, and 11 from Ita ly , as
w ell as the tactical air forces o f these coun
tries. O th er form ation s from these three
countries have been earmarked for A F
SOUTH. as have th e U nited States 6th Fleet
and naval forces from Greece. Italy. Turkey,
and Britain. T h e ground-defence system is
based on tw o separate com m ands: Southern,
com prising Ita ly and th e approaches to It,
under an Ita lia n com mander, and South
eastern, com prising Greece and Turkey, u n
der an Am erican commander. There is. h ow
ever, an overall air com mand and there is a
single naval com m and (N A V S O U T H ), re
sponsible to AF SO U TH w ith headquarters in
Naples.
A special a ir surveillance unit. M aritim e A ir
Forces M editerranean (M A R A IR M E D ), is now
operating Italian , British, and Am erican pa
trol aircra ft from bases in Greece, Turkey,
S icily, and Ita ly; French aircra ft are p artici
p atin g in these operations. Its commander,
an Am erican rear-adm iral, is Im m ediately re
sponsible to CINCSOUTH.
T h e A llie d O n-Call Naval Force for the
M editerranean (N A V O C FO R M E D ) has con
sisted o f at least three destroyers, con trib
uted by Ita ly. B ritain, and th e United States,
and three sm aller ships provided by other
M editerranean countries, depending upon the
area o f operation.
( I I ) A llied Command AU an tlc (A C L A N T )
has Its headquarters a t N orfolk, Virginia, and
is responsible fo r th e N orth A tlan tic area
fro m th e N orth Pole to the T ropic o f Cancer,
in clu din g Portuguese coastal waters. The
com m ander is an Am erican adm iral.
In th e even t o f war, its duties are to par
ticip ate In the strategic strike and to protect
sea com m unications. There are no forces as
signed to the com mand in peacetim e except
S tanding Naval Force A tla n tic (S T A N A V -
F O R L A N T ). w hich n orm ally consists, a t any
on e tim e, o f fou r destroyer-type ships. H ow
ever, fo r train in g purposes and In the even t
o f war. forces which are predom in an tly naval
are earmarked fo r assignm ent by Britain,
Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal,
and the United States. T h ere are arrange
ments fo r co-operation between French
naval forces and those o f SAC LA N T. T h ere are
five subordinate commands: W estern A tla n
tic Command, Eastern A tla n tic Command,
Iberian A tla n tic Command. S trik in g Fleet
A tlan tic, and Subm arine Command. The
nucleus o f th e S trik in g F le et A tlan tic has
been provided by the Am erican 2nd fleet
w ith up to six attack carriers; carrier-based
aircra ft share the nuclear strike role w ith
m issile-firing submarines.
(U i) A llied Command Channel (A C C H A N )
has its headquarters a t N orth wood, near
London. T h e wartim e role o f Channel C om
mand is to exercise control o f the English
Channel and the southern N orth Sea. Many
o f the sm aller warships o f Belgium . Britain,
and the Netherlands are earmarked fo r th is
Command, as are some m aritim e aircraft.
There are arrangem ents for co-operation
w ith French naval forces. T h e com m ander Is
a British admiral. A Standing Naval Force.
Channel (S T A N A V F O R C H A N ) was form ed
on 2 M ay 1973, to consist o f m in e cou n ter
measures ships from Belgium , the N eth er
lands, and B ritain; o th er Interested nations
m igh t p articipate on a tem porary basis. Its
operational com mand is vested in the Com -
m ander-ln -C h ief, Channel Command.
P O L IC Y
P olitica l guidelines agreed between N A TO
members In 1967 include the concept o f p o
litical warning tim e In a crisis and the pos
sibility o f distinguishing between an en em ys
m ilitary capabilities and his p olitical In ten
tions. T h e strategic doctrine defined by the
DPC in December 1967 envisaged th a t N A TO
w ould m eet attacks on its territo ry w ith
whatever force levels were appropriate. In
clu d ing nuclear weapons.
In June 1968, at the M inisterial M eeting
a t R eykjavik, the Council called on the cou n
tries o f the Warsaw P act to Join in discus
sions o f m utual force reductions, reciprocal
and balanced In scope and tim ing. P relim i
nary talks o n n egotiatin g procedures and
agendas took place In the first h alf o f 1973
and fu rth er negotiations, fo r which guide
lines but no agenda have been agreed, were
to begin In Vienna on 30 October 1973. T h e
aim is to secure practical arrangem ents th a t
w ill ensure undim inisbed security fo r all
parties at low er levels o f forces In Central
Europe.
B E LG IU M
P op u lation : 9,800,000.
M ilita ry service: 12-15 months. (Conscripts
serve 12 m onths I f posted to Germany, 15
m onths i f serving o n ly In Belgium . A reduc
tion to 10 and 12 m onths respectively is being
studied.)
T o ta l armed forces: 89,600.
E stim ated G N P 1972; $35.5 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 35,648 m illion francs
($990 m illio n ).
43.8 fran cs=$1 1 July 1972.
35.99 francs = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 65,000.
1 armoured brigade.
3 m echanized in fa n try brigades.
3 reconnaissance battalions.
3 m otorized in fa n try battalions.
1 para-com m ando regim ent.
3 artillery battalions.
3 com bat engineer battalions.
2 SSM battalions with 8 Honest John
launchers.
40961
2 SAM battalion s w ith 24 H A W K launch
ers.
4 air sqns w ith 75 A lou ette I I hel and 11
Do-27.
334 Leopard and 148 M 47 med tks; 90
M 41 It tks; 1.000 M-75 and A M X APC
(th ere Is a program m e fo r procurem ent o f
700 lig h t armoured vehicles, inclu ding S cor
pion It tk s ); 106 M-108 105mm. M-44 and
M-109 155mm. and M-110 203mm SP how;
203mm how; Honest John SSM (b ein g re
placed by L a n c e ); H A W K SAM.
D eploym ent:
G erm an y: 2 d iv HQ, 1 armed bde, and 3
m ech in f bdes.
Reserves: 8,000 train ed: 1 mech in f bde
and one in f bde.
N avy: 4,600.
7 ocean minesweepers/minehunters.
9 coastal minesweepers/minehunters.
12 Inshore minesweepers.
2 support ships.
2 S-58 and 3 Alou ette I I I helicopters.
Reserves: 7.600 trained.
A ir Force: 20.000; 144 com bat aircraft.
2 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-104G.
3 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith M irage-
VBA.
2 A W X squadrons w ith F-104G.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith M lrage-
VBR.
(A com bat squadron norm ally has 18 air
cra ft.)
2 tp t sqns w ith 12 C-130 Hercules, 4 DC-3,
12 Pem broke, and 4 DC-6.
5 HSS-1 and 6 S-58 hel.
8 SAM squadrons w ith 16 Nike-Hercules.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 15,000 Gendarmerie.
B R IT A IN
P op u lation : 56,250,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 361,500 (In clu d in g
9,300 enlisted outside B rita in ).
Estimated G N P 1972: $151 b illion .
D efence budget 1973-74: 3,365 m illion
($8,673 m illio n ).
0.413= $1 1 Ju ly 1972.
0388 = $1 1 July 1973.
S trategic Forces:
S LM : 4 SSBN each w ith 16 Polaris A3 m is
siles. Ballistic Missile Early W arning System
(B M E W S ) station located at Flyingdales.
A rm y: 177,000 (ln c l 7,900 enlisted outside
B rita in ).
13 armoured regiments.
5 armoured reconnaissance regiments.
47 In fan try battalions.
3 parachute battalions.
5 Gurkha battalions.
1 special air service (S A 8 ) regim ent.
2 regts w ith Honest John SSM launchers
and 203mm SP how.
23 o th er artillery regiments.
1 SAM regim en t w ith 12 Thu nderbird
launchers.
14 engineer regim ents.
59 o f th e above units are organized In 5
armd, 10 m ech or in f, 1 para, and 1 Gurkha
bdes.
900 C h ieftain and Centurion med tks;
Scorpion It tks; Saladin armd cars; Ferret
scout cars; F V 432, Saracen APC; 105mm A b
bot and M 107 175mm S P guns; M-109 S P
how; 12 M-110 203mm S P how: M odel 56
105mm pack how; Honest John SSM (Lance
on o r d e r ); Carl Gustav, V igila n t, and Sw ing-
flre A T G W : L-40/70 A A guns; Thu nderbird
SAM (R ap ier on o rd e r); 2 SRN-6, 2 CC-7
h overcraft.
2 Arm y Aviation wings o f 17 sqns and 8
indep fligh ts w ith 24 Beaver It ac; 120 Scout.
12 Alou ette AH-2, 175 Sioux hel (150 Lynx.
30 G azelle on o r d e r ).
D eploym en t:
U nited K in gd o m : Land elem ent o f U nited
K ingdom M obile Force (U K M F ) (1 dlv, 4
bdes, and 1 para b d e ); 1 SAS regt, 1 Gurwha
In f bn. HQ N orthern Irelan d w ith 3 bde HQ.
1 armd recce regt. 3 armd recce sqns, 3 field
engr sqns, 17 units, and 4 arm y aviation sqns.
40962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
G erm an y: B ritish Arm y o f th e R hine
(B A O R ). o f 54.900 includes 1 corps HQ, 3 dlv
HQ. 5 arm d bdes, 1 m ech bde, 2 arty bdes
(ln c l the T hu n derblrd 8AM r e g t ) . and 2 armd
recce regts. In Berlin th ere Is one 3,000-
strong In f bde. (8om e units from BA O R are
serving on short tours in N orthern Ireland,
being away from G erm any fo r up to six
months. Numbers in volved averaged 3.500.)
Singapore: I in f bn group (p art o f the
A N Z U K f o r c e ).
B ru n ei: 1 G urkha bn.
Hong K on g: 2 bdes w ith 2 B ritish and 3
Gurkha in f bns; 1 arty regt.
Cyprus: 1 in f bn and 1 airportable recce
sqn w ith U N force (U N F IC Y P ): 1 in f bn and
I arm d recce sqn in garrison a t Sovereign
Base Areas.
G ib raltar: 1 In f bn.
B ritish Honduras: 1 bn H Q and 2 In f coys.
Reserves: 300.000 regular reserves. 59,300
volu n teer reserves; 9,200 U lster D efence
R egim ent.
N a vy: 81.000 (In clu d ing F leet A ir Arm,
Royal Marines, and 800 enlisted outside B rit
a in ); 78 m ajor surface com bat vessels.
Submarines, attack:
6 nuclear (1 m ore to com e Into service in
1973, a second In 1974); 22 diesel.
Surface ships:
1 a ircra ft carrier.
2 com m ando carriers.
2 assault ships.
2 cruisers w ith Seacat SAM.
9 destroyers (8 w ith Seaslug I and Seacat
I I Sam, 1 w ith Sea Dart SAM and Ikara ASW
ms Is ), each w ith 1 ASW hel.
35 general purpose frigates (12 w ith Sea
cat. 1 w ith Ik a ra ), each w ith 1 ASW hel.
20 ASW frigates (9 w ith Seacat and 1
ASW h e l).
3 A A and 4 aircraft direction frigates.
38 coastal minesweepers/mlnehunters.
6 Inshore minesweepers.
5 coastal patrol vessels.
6 patrol/seaward defence boats.
(In clu d ed In the above are th e follo w in g
ships In reserve or undergoing reflt or con ver
sion; fl diesel submarines, 1 destroyer, 10
frigates, 2 minesweepers.)
T h e F leet A ir A rm : 30 com bat aircraft.
1 strike squadron w ith 12 Buccaneer S2
w ith M artel ASM.
1 air defence squadron w ith 12F-4K.
1 AEW sqn w ith 6 Qannet.
8 h el sqns w ith Wessex.
3 h el sqns w ith Sea K in g.
3 hel sqns w ith Wash and W hirlw ind.
(100 L yn x h el on order.)
T h e R oy al Marines; 8.000.
1 com mando bde w ith 3 commandos: SRN
6 Mk. 5 hovercraft.
D eploym en t:
M alta: 1 commando.
Falkland Islands: 1 detachm ent.
G lb ralter: 1 detachm ent.
Reserves (n aval and m a rin e s ): 27,500 reg
ular and 7,000 volunteers.
A ir Force: 103,500 (ln c l 600 enlisted o u t
side B rita in ); about 500 com bat aircraft.
6 m edium bom ber squadrons w ith Vulcan
B2.
3 strike squadrons w ith Buccaneer.
1 F G A squadron w ith H unter (a second
fo r m in g ).
7 strike/attack/recce sqns w ith F-4M .
4 close support squadrons w ith Harrier.
8 air defense squadrons w ith L igh tn in g.
1 air defense squadron w ith F-4K.
1 recce squadron w ith 15 V icto r SR2.
4 recce squadrons w ith Canberra.
1 AEW squadron w ith Shackleton.
6 m aritim e patrol squadrons w ith Nim rod.
(C om bat squadrons have 6-18 aircra ft.)
3 tanker squadrons w ith to ta l o f 56 V ictor
K1/K1A/K2.
4 strategic transport squadrons w ith 14
VC-10, 10 Belfast, and 15 Britannia.
7 tactical tp t sqns w ith C-130 Hercules.
2 lig h t com m unication squadrons w ith HS
125.
7 h el sqns w ith 60 Wessex, 75 W hirlwind,
and 40 SA-330 Puma.
T h ere are 11 ground defence and air d e
fence squadrons o f the R oyal A ir Force R e g i
m ent, some w ith Bloodhound and T igercat
SAM. and L40/70 A A guns (R ap ier SAM on
o r d e r ).
D eploym en t: T h e Royal A ir Force includes
one operational hom e com m and Strike
Command and tw o sm aller overseas com
mands R A F Germ any (8.600). and Near
East A ir Force. Squadrons are deployed over
seas as follow s:
G erm any: 4 F-4; 2 Buccaneer; 2 L igh tin g;
3 H arrier: 1 Wessex; 2 sqns R A F R egt. G l
bralter: H un ter detachm ent.
Near East: (a ) Cyprus: 2 Vulcan; 1 L ig h t
ning; 1 Hercules; 1 W h irlw in d; 2 sqns R A F
Regt.
(b ) M alta: 1 Nim rod; 1 Canberra. Singa
pore: detachm ents N im rod and Wessex hel
(In A N Z U K fo r c e ).
Hong K on g: h el and R A F R eg t detach
ments.
British Honduras: R A F R e g t detachm ent.
Reserves: 31,800 regular; about 200 volu n
teer.
CANAD A
P op u la tio n : 22,300,000.
M ilitary service; voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces, 83,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $102.9 billion.
Defence expenditure 1973-74: $Can. 2.13
b illion ($US 2,141 m illio n ).
$Can. 1 = $US 11 July 1972.
$Can. 0.995 = $US 11 July 1973.
Arm y ( L a n d ): 33,000.
(T h e Canadian Arm ed Forces have been
unified since February 1968. T h e strengths
shown here fo r Arm y, N avy, and A ir Force are
on ly approxim ate.)
In Canada: M obile Command (ab ou t 20,
000).
1 airborne regim ent.
3 com bat groups each com prisin g:
3 In fan try battalions.
1 reconnaissance regim ent.
I reduced lig h t artillery regim en t (o f 2
b a tteries ).
Support units.
M-113 APC, Ferret armed care; M odel 56
105mm pack how; 106mm recollless rifles.
One group is intended fo r operations In
Europe; part o f lt, an air transportable bn
gp, fo r use w ith the AM F. T h e o th er groups
contributes to N orth Am erican ground de
fen ce and U N com m itm ents.
In Europe: One mech battle group o f 2,800
men, with 32 Centurion med tks, 375 M-113
APC, and 18 M-109 155mm S P how.
In Cyprus (U N F IC Y P ). 580 men.
Reserves: about 19,000.
Navy (M a r it im e ): 14,000.
4 submarines.
10 ASW h el destroyer escorts, 4 w ith Sea
Sparrow SAM (2 hel destroyers under con
stru ction ) .
I I ASW destroyer escorts.
3 support ships w ith Sea Sparrow SAM
and 2 CHSS-2 hel.
T h e M aritim e A ir E lem ent consists o f:
4 m aritim e patrol squadrons w ith Argus.
1 m aritim e patrol squadron w ith S-2
Tracker.
ASW squadron w ith SH-3 Sea K in g h eli
copters.
A ir Force ( A i r ) : 36,000; 162 com bat a ir
craft.
In Canada:
M obile Com m and:
2 CF5 tactical figh ter sqns (fo r use w ith
A M F ).
6 helicopter squadrons.
Air D e f e n c e com m an d (Canadian com po
nent o f N O R A D ).
3 interceptor squadrons w ith F-101C.
28 surveillance and control radar squad
rons.
1 SAGE control centre.
1 CF-100 electronic w arfare train in g squad
ron.
December 12, 1973
A ir Transport C om m an d :
2 sqns w ith C-1309 Hercules,
tankers.
2 sgns w ith C-1309 Hercules.
4 sqns w ith CC-115 Buffalo, CC-138 T w in
O tter, and CH-113 Labrador S A R hel.
1 sqn w ith CC-109 Cosm opolitan; Falcon
and Dakota.
In Europe:
G erm any: 2,300; 3 attack sqns w ith CF-104.
Reserves: 1.300.
DENM ARK
Pop u lation : 5,020,000.
M ilitary service: 12 m onths (t o be reduced
to 9 months from October 1973).
T otal armed forces: 39.800. (P lan n ed d e
fen ce cuts Include a redu ction o f arm y m an
power to 13.000, o f th e n avy by 5 ships, and
o f com bat aircraft by 1 squadron.)
Estim ated G N P 1972: $20.3 billion.
Defence budget 1973-74: 3,196 m illion
kroner ( $568 m illio n ).
7.0 k r . = $l 1 July 1972.
5.63 kr = $l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 24,000.
4 brigades each o f 2 m echanized in fa n try
battalions, 1 tank battalion, 1 artillery bat
ta lio n and support units.
1 battalion group.
1 artillery battalion.
250 Cenurlon m ed tks; M-41 lt tks; M-113
APC. M-109 155mm S P how; 203mm how;
Honest John SSM ( all three are dual-capable,
but there are no clear warheads on Danish
s o li); 12 Hughes 500M (O H -6 A ) hel.
Reserves: 80,000, Including 2 mech In f bdes
and support units to be form ed from re
servists w ith in 72 hours; local defence units
form 15 in f bn gps and 15 arty btys. V olunteer
Hom e Guard 51,500.
N avy: 6300.
6 coastal submarines.
2 destroyers.
4 frigates.
4 coastal escorts (c o rve ttes ).
9 seaward defence craft.
12 fast patrol boats.
6 coastal minelayers.
12 minesweepers (4 In s h o re ).
8 Alou ette I I I helicopters.
Reserves: 4,000 V olun teer Home Guard
4,300 w ith small p atrol boats.
A ir force: 9.500; 112 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter-bom ber sqn w ith 16 F-35XD
Draken.
2 figh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith 32 F -
100D/F.
2 Interceptor squadrons w ith 32 F-104G.
1 interceptor squadron w ith 16 H unter.
1 recce sqn w ith 16 R F-35 X D Draken.
1 transport squadron w ith 8 C-47 and 5
C-54. (3 C-130 on order.)
1 S A R squadron w ith 8 S-61 helicopters.
4 SAM squadrons w ith Nlke-Hercules
launchers.
4 SAM squadrons w ith H A W K launchers.
Reserves: 7,000. Volun teer Hom e Guard
11,500.
FRAN C E
Pop u lation : 52,000,000.
M ilita ry service: 12 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 603.600 (conscripts
271,200).
Estim ated G N P 1972: $202 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 34,800 m illio n francs
($8,488 m illio n ).
5.00 francs -$1 1 July 1972.
4.10 francs $1 1 July 1973.
S trategic Forces:
S LB M : 2 SSBN each w ith 16 MSBS M - l
msls (a th ird scheduled to become opera
tion al in 1974; five are due to be b u ilt In a l l ) .
IR B M : 2 squadrons, each w ith 9 SSBS S-2
msls.
A ir c r a ft:
9 squadrons w ith 36 M irage IV A bombers.
3 squadrons w ith 12 KC-135F tankers.
20 M irage IV A bombers are In reserve.
A rm y: 332,400 (conscripts 216,000) (in clu d
in g A v ia t io n ).
5 mechanized divisions.
December 12, 1973
1 airborne d ivision (2 b rigad es).
1 alrportable m otorized brigade.
2 alpine brigades.
9 armoured car regiments.
2 m otorized in fa n try regiments.
1 parachute battalion.
21 In fan try battalions.
5 SSM battalions w ith 20 Honest John
launchers. (T h e nuclear warheads held under
double-key arrangem ents w ith th e U nited
States were withdraw n in 1966. T h e tactical Noratlas.
nuclear SSM Plu ton is due to en ter service in
1973-74.)
3 SAM regim ents w ith 54 H A W K launchers.
820 AM X -30 med tks; AM X-X3 lt tks; Pan-
hard EBB hy and A M L lt armd cars; A M X
APC; A M X SP 105mm guns and 155mm how;
M odel 56 105mm pack how; 30mm tw in SP
A A guns; S S -ll/ H a rp o n A T G W ; Honest John
SSM and H A W K SAM.
A rm y A viation ( A L A T ) : 4.500.
70 Bell, 176 A lou ette II. 60 Alou ette I I I ,
and 80 SA-330 Pum a hel (30 Puma, 50 G a
zelle on o rd e r).
150 lig h t fixed -w ln g aircraft.
Deploym ent (ln c l N avy and A ir F o rc e ):
Strategic Reserve (F orce d 'ln te rv e n tio n ) :
2 airborne and 1 alrportable m otorized b ri
gades.
M anoeuvre Forces (Force de M a n o e u v re ):
First A rm y: 2 mech dlvs and 4 SSM bns in
Germ any; 58.000: 3 mech divs in support in
France. A bout 2,000 men in Berlin.
French T errito ry o f the Afars and Issas: 2
battalions.
Elsewhere In A frica: about 4,000.
Malagasy (u n til Sept. 1973): 3,000; 2 bat
talions, 2 minesweepers, 2 F G A squadrons, 6
tp t ac.
Pacific T errito rie s : 2 battalions.
Caribbean: 1 battalion.
T h e rem aining troops are stationed In launchers.
France fo r territorial defence (D efense Oper-
atlonelle du T arritoire D O T ). T h e ir strength
is about 52,000 inclu din g tw o alpine bdes, 21 graphical commands fo r hom e defence, com
in f bns, 3 armd cav regts, and one arty regt. m unications, engineers, police, and service
M ob iliza tion o f reserves would bring th e force
up to a to tal o f 80 bns.
Reserves: about 450,000.
N a vy: 69.000 (conscripts 16,500) (in clu d
in g Naval A ir F o r c e ); 47 m ajor surface com
b at vessels.
19 attack submarines (d ies el).
2 a ircra ft carriers.
1 helicopter carrier.
2 cruisers (1 SAM, 1 h e l ) .
17 destroyers (2 w ith Mas urea SAM and
M ala ton ASW msls. 4 w ith T artar SAM, 6 hel. and 18 Do-27 I t ac.
ASW , 4 a ircra ft direction, 1 com m an d ).
25 frigates.
7 fleet minesweepers.
42 coastal minesweepers.
4 Inshore minesweepers.
14 patrol vessels.
7 lan din g ships.
13 lan d in g craft.
Naval A ir Force: 12,000: 150 com bat a ir
craft.
2 figh ter-bom ber sqns with Etendard IV -M .
2 Interceptor sqns w ith F -8 F Crusaders.
2 ASW sqns w ith Allz.
5 m aritim e recce sqns w ith A tla n tic and
P-2.
1 reconnaissance sqn w ith Etendard IV -P .
1 ASW helicopter sqn w ith Super Frelon.
2 helicopter sqns w ith HSS-1.
Reserves: about 90,000.
A ir Force: 102,000; 500 com bat aircraft.
A ir D efence Command (C A F D A ):
3 in terceptor sqns with M irage m e .
2 A W X sqns w ith 30 V autour U N .
(M irage F - l bein g delivered.)
3 Interceptor sqns with Super Myst^re B-2.
(A u to m a tic S T R ID A I I air defence sys
tem .)
T actical A ir Force (F A T A C d ivided In to
1st and 2nd C A T A C ):
8 fighter-bom ber squadrons with M irage
H IE .
2 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith M irage
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
1 fighter-bom ber squadron w ith M irage
IIIB .
4 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith
2 figh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith M ystere
IV A and Jaguar.
2 ligh t bom ber sqns w ith 30 Vautour IIIB .
3 recce sqns w ith M irage IIIR / R D .
A ir Transport Com m and (C O T A M ):
7 tactical transport sqns; 3 w ith 40 C -
160F Transall and 4 w ith 130 N ord 2501
1 heavy transport sqn w ith 4 DV-6B.
1 heavy transport squadron w ith 3 DC-8.
1 tp t sqn w ith 5 DC-6 and 2 Br 763.
4 helicopter tp t sqns w ith H-34 and
A lo u ette II.
P ara -M llltary Forces: G endarm erie 70,000;
CRS (Com pagnles R lpu bllcain es de S4curit)
15.000 (subordinate to the M inistry o f the
In te r io r ).
FEDERAL R E P U B L IC O F G E R M A N Y
P op u la tion : 60,100,000 (excludin g W est
B e r lin ).
M ilitary service: 15 months.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 475,000 (conscripts
228,000).
E stim ated G N P 1972: $259 billion.
D efence budget 1973: D M 26,600 m illio n
($11,083 m illio n ).
D M 3.2=$1 1 July 1972.
DM 2.40=$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 334,000 (conscripts 183,500).
13 armoured brigades.
12 armoured in fa n try brigades.
3 m otorized In fan try brigades.
2 m ountain brigades.
3 airborne brigades.
(T h e above are organized in 12 divisions.)
2 tank regts ( a th ird being fo rm ed ).
11 SSM battalions w ith Honest John
4 SSM battalions w ith Sergeant launchers.
T errito rial A rm y: organized In to 9 geo
support units; also contains units fo r expan
sion on m obilization.
1.050 M-48A2 Patton and 2.200 Leopard
m ed tks; 750 HS-30, 1.300 Marder, 1.800
Hotchkiss and 3,170 M-113 APC; 1,100 tank
destroyers: 280 105mm how, 70 155mm, and
75 203 m m how; 580 155mm, 150 175mm SP
guns; 200 m u ltip le R L; 500 40mm SP A A
guns; A T G W ; 86 Honest John, 19 Sergeant
SSM (to be replaced by L a n c e ); 200 UH-1D
Iroquois, 30 CH-53G, and 235 Alou ette I I
Reserves: 510,000 on Im m ediate recall.
N a vy: 37,000 (in clu d in g 9,500 conscripts)
(in clu d in g Naval A ir A r m s ).
8 coastal submarines.
11 destroyers (3 w ith T artar S A M ).
6 fast frigates.
5 fleet u tility vessels.
12 fast com bat support ships.
61 minesweepers.
38 fast patrol boats.
2 lan d in g ships.
22 lan din g craft.
N aval A ir A rm : 6,000; 84 com bat aircraft.
4 fighter-bom ber/recce squadrons w ith 72 C a ra b in ieri).
F-104G.
2 M R squadrons w ith 12 Br-1150 Atlan tic.
23 S-58 S A R helicopters (b ein g replaced
by 20 SH-3D Sea K in g M K 41).
20 Do-28 liaison aircraft.
Reserves: 35,000 on im m ediate recall.
A ir Force: 104,000 (conscripts 35,000); 456
com bat aircraft.
6 figh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith 108 F -
104G.
4 fighter-bom ber/interceptor sqns w ith 60
F-104G.
8 I t FGA/recce squadrons w ith 168 G-91.
4 Interceptor squadrons w ith 60 F-104G.
4 heavy reconnaissance squadrons w ith 60 launchers and 2 bns o f 203mm S P how.
RF-4E.
4 transport squadrons w ith Transall C-160.
4 helicopter squadrons w ith 80 UH-1D, 60 tks (600 m ore Leopard on o rd e r); 3,300
B ell 47. and 54 Alou ette II.
40963
2 Pershing SSM wings w ith 72 launchers.
24 Nlke-Hercules SAM batteries w ith 216
F-100D. launchers.
36 H A W K SAM batteries w ith 216 launch
ers.
Reserves: 80,000 on Im m ediate recall.
P ara-M llltary Forces: 20,000 Border Police
w ith Saladin armoured cars and coastal pa
trol boats.
GREECE
Pop u lation : 8,900,000.
M ilita ry service: 24 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 160,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $12.2 billion.
D efence budget 1973: 17,366 m illion drach
mas ($580 m illio n ).
30 drachm as=$1 1 July 1972.
29.94 d ra c h m a s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 120,000.
I arm oured division.
I I In fan try divisions (8 a t cadre stre n g th ).
10 independent brigades (a t cadre
s tre n g th ).
1 com m ando brigade.
2 SSM battalions w ith 8 Honest John
launchers.
1 SAM battalion w ith 12 H A W K launchers.
300 M 47, 320 M-48, and 30 AM X -30 med
tks (20 m ore AM X -30 on o r d e r ): M-24, M-26,
and M 41 I t tks; M -8 and M -20 armd cars;
M -2, M-3, M-59, and M-113 APC; 175mm SP
guns; 25-pdr, 105mm. 155mm, and 203mm
how; 40mm, 75mm, and 90mm A A guns;
H onest John SSM; H A W K SAM; Bell 47G hel.
Reserves: about 160,000.
N avy: 18,000.
7 submarines.
9 destroyers.
4 destroyer escorts.
7 coastal p atrol vessels.
2 minelayers.
14 coastal minesweepers.
13 fast torpedo boats (less than 100 t o n s ).
4 fa s t m issile patrol boats w ith Exocet SSM.
8 tan k landing ships.
5 m edium lan din g ships.
1 dock lan din g ship.
8 lan din g craft.
Reserves: about 20.000.
A ir Force: 22.000; 225 com bat aircraft.
5 figh ter-bom b er squadrons w ith F-84F.
2 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-104G.
3 interceptor squadrons w ith F-5A.
1 interceptor squadron w ith F-102A.
1 recce sqn with R F-84F (40 F-4 on o rd er).
1 m aritim e recce squadron o f 12 Hu-16.
(A com bat squadron has up to 18 aircra ft.)
3 tp t sqns o f 27 C-47 and 30 Noratlas.
1 helicopter squadron w ith 14 H-19 and 6
AB-205.
1 h elicopter squadron w ith 10 Bell 47G.
1 SAM b attalion w ith Nlke-Hercules.
Reserves: about 25,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 30,000 Gendarmerie:
69,000 N ation al Guard.
IT A L Y
Pop u lation : 54,400.000.
M ilita ry service: Arm y and A ir Force, 15
months; Navy, 24 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 427,500 (excludin g
E stim ated G N P 1972: $118.1 billion.
Defense budget 1973 : 2,294.5 b illio n lire
($3,964 m illio n ).
582 U r e = $ l 1 July 1972.
579 llr e = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 306,500.
2 arm oured divisions.
5 In fan try divisions.
1 Independent cavalry brigade.
4 independent In fan try brigades.
5 alpine brigades.
1 airborne brigade.
1 am phibious regim ent.
1 SSM brigade w ith 2 bns o f Honest John
4 SAM battalions w ith Hawk launchers.
800 M 47, 200 M 60, and 200 Leopard med
M-113, some L V T -4 APC; 155mm guns: M-107
40964 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
175mm S P guns: M odel 56 105mm pack how;
105mm, 155mm how; M - 4 4 155mm, M -109
155 mm, M-55. 203mm S P how; M-42 40mm
SP AA guns: M osquito, Cobra, SS-11 A T G W
(T O W on o rd e r); 8 Honest John (t o be re
placed by L a n c e ); 68 H A W K SAM.
Arm y A v ia tio n : 21 un its w ith 50 P ip er
L-18. L-19, L-21B, some SM.1019 It ac (100
SM.1019, 20 AM -3C on o rd e r); over 250 hel.
iucl 125 AB47G/J, 49 AB-204B, 29 AB-205A.
60 AB-206A/B1, and 6 CH-47C (20 m ore
CH-47C, 12 Agusta 101G, 30 more AB 206 on
o r d e r ).
Reserves: 450,000.
N avy: 44.500 (ln c l a ir arm and m arin es).
9 submarines.
3 cruisers each w ith T errier SAM and 4
ASW h el (1 ship w ith ASROC ASW m sls).
3 destroyers w ith T artar SAM and ASW hel.
5 ASW destroyers.
10 frigates.
8 corvettes.
4 ocean minesweepers.
37 coastal and 20 inshore minesweepers.
7 torpedo boats.
5 m otor gunboats.
4 am phibious transports.
4 landing ships, tank.
1 m arine in fan try battalion.
Naval A ir Arm :
3 M R sqns. 2 w ith 20 S-2 Tracker. 1 with
6 A tlan tic.
24 SH-3D, AB-204B and A-106 hel.
Reserves: 65,000.
A ir Force: 76,500; 330 com bat aircraft.
2 flgh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-104G.
2 flgh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-104S.
2 flgh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith G -91T.
3 lig h t attack squadrons w ith G-91R.
1 A W X squadron w ith 15 F-86K.
5 A W X squadrons w ith F-104S.
3 recce squadrons w ith RF-104G.
(A com bat squadron has 12-18 aircra ft.)
3 tp t sqns w ith 25 C-119 (t o be replaced
by 32 o f 44 G.222 on order) and 14 C-130E
Hercules.
2 tp t sqns w ith Convalr 440 and DC-6.
12 SAM groups w ith 96 Nike-H ercules
launchers.
2 S A R sqns w ith 12 HU-16 ac and 15 AB-204
hel.
Helicopters in clude 60 AB 204B. 90 AB- 205,
2 AB 206A, and some AB-47G/J.
Reserves: 30,000.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 80,700 Carabinieri.
LU X E M B O U R G
P op u la tion : 345,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 550.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.3 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 529 m illion francs
($15 m illio n ).
43.8 fran cs= $ 1 1 July 1972.
35.99 francs = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 550.
1 lig h t In fan try battalion.
1 Independent company.
106mm recollless rifles and mortars.
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 350 Gendarm erie.
NETH ERLAND S
P op u la tio n : 13,500,000.
M ilita ry service: Army, 16-18 months; Navy
and A ir Force, 18-21 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 112,200.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $44.8 billion.
Defence budget 1973; 5.465 m illion guilders
($2,102 m illio n ).
3.19 g u lld e r s = $ l 1 July 1972.
2.60 g u ild e rs = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 70,000.
2 arm oured brigades.
4 m echanized In fan try brigades.
2 SSM battalion s w ith Honest John.
400 C e n tu rio n and 485 Leopard m ed tks;
700 YP-408, M-106. M-113. and M-577 (a m
phibious) APC; M-107 175mm SP guns; A M X
105mm. M-109 155mm. and M-110 203mm SP
how; 8 H onest J oh n SSM (T O W on o rd er).
D ep loy m en t:
G erm a n y: 1 m ech bde, 1 recce bn.
Reserves: about 300,000, o f w h ich 40,000
are on Im m ediate recall. 1 In f d lv and corps
troops, lncl 1 indep In f bde, w ould be com
pleted by call-up o f reservists. A number o f
In fan try brigades could be m obilized, if
needed for territorial defence.
N a vy: 20,000 (In clu d in g 2,800 marines and
2.000 naval air a r m ).
6 submarines.
6 frigates w ith Seacat SAM; 1 I t ASW hel.
12 destroyers.
6 corvettes.
3 MCM support ships.
5 patrol vessels.
26 coastal minesweepers.
16 inshore minesweepers.
1 fast com bat support ship.
2 marine commandos.
N aval A ir A rm : 2.000; 44 com bat aircraft.
3 M R sqns: 2 w ith 9 BR-1150 A tlan tic and
17 P-2 Neptune and 1 w ith 18S-2N.
6 Sikorsky H-34J, 7 AB-204B. and 11 Wasp
h el (1 Wasp on o rd e r).
D eploym en t:
Surinam : 1 destroyer: 1 m arine commando.
Reserves: about 20,000. 9,000 on im m ediate
recall; 6 frigates; one hel sqn.
A ir Force: 22,200, 144 com bat aircraft.
2 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith 36 F -
104G.
8 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith 54 NF-5A.
2 interceptor squadrons w ith 36 F-104G.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith 18 R F -
104G.
1 transport squadron w ith 12 F-27.
30 NF-5B trainers.
3 observation and com m unication squad
rons (un der A rm y com m and) w ith 70 Alou -
e tte I I I hel; 60 P ip er L-21 and 9 DHC-2
Beaver It ac.
8 SAM squadrons w ith 32 Nlke-Hercules.
11 SAM squadrons w ith 66 H A W K .
Reserves: about 20,000.
P ara-M llitary Forces: 3,200 Gendarmerie.
NORW AY
Pop u lation : 4,000,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y. 12 months; Navy
and A ir Force, 15 m onths.
T o ta l armed forces: 35.400.
Estim ated G N P 1972: 15.1 billion.
D efence budget 1973 : 3,485 m illio n kroner
($665 m illio n ).
6.51 K ro n e r=$1 1 July 1972.
5.24 K ro n e r=$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 18.000.
T h e peacetim e establishm ent includes 1
brigade group In N orth Norway, independent
battalions, and supporting elem ents and
train in g units.
78 Leopard and 80 M-48 med tks; 45 M-24
It tks; M -8 armed cars; M-113 and BV-202
APC; M-109 155mm S P how; B ofors L-40/70
A A guns; L-18 and L-19 It aircraft.
Reserves: m ob ilization w ould produce 11
R egim en tal Com bat Team s (b rigad es) o f
5.000 men each, supporting units and te rri
to ria l forces to ta llin g 135.000.
N avy: 8,000 (ln c l 1.600 coastal a rtille ry ).
15 coastal submarines.
5 frigates.
2 coastal escorts.
10 coastal minesweepers.
5 minelayers.
20 fast patrol boats (w ith Penguin S S M ).
20 torpedo boats (6 w ith Pen gu in S S M ).
2 support ships.
7 landing craft.
A num ber o f coastal artillery batteries.
Reserves: 12.000.
A ir Force: 9.400; 135 com bat aircraft.
5 F G A squadrons each w ith 16 F-5A.
1 A W X figh ter squadron w ith 16 F-104G.
1 in terceptor squadron w ith 13 CF-104G.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith 16 RF-5A.
1 M R squadron w ith 5 P-3B: some HU-16.
1 transport squadron w ith 6 C-130 and 4
C47.
2 hel sqns w ith 32 UH-1B and 10 Sea K ing.
4 SAM batteries w ith Nlke-Hercules.
Reserves: 10.600, providin g 12 airfield d e
December 12, 1973
fence It AA bus. Home Guard (a ll s erv ic e),
80,000.
PO R TU G AL
Pop u lation : 9,200,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y, 24 months; Air
Force, 36 months; Navy, 48 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 204,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $8.3 billion.
Defence budget 1972: 11,468.7 m illio n escu
dos ($425 m illio n ).
27 escudos equal $1 1 July 1972.
22.77 escudos equal $1 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 170,000.
2 tank regiments.
8 cavalry regiments.
25 In fan try regim ents.
13 artillery regiments.
1 coastal artillery regim ent.
3 A A artillery regiments.
8 engineer battalions.
8 signals battalions.
M 47 and M -7 med tks; M-41 It tks; H um
ber Mark IV and EBR-75 armd cars; AM L-60
scout cars; FV-1609 and M-16 half-track
AP C ; 105mm and 140mm how; coast and
A A arty.
D ep loym en t: Some oX the above units form
2 in fa n try divisions, a t or below h a lf
strength, h i Portugal. A b o u t 25 In fan try b a t
talions and supporting units are located In
th e A frican provinces. (T h e numbers o f all
armed forces In each province, Including lo
cally enlisted are:
A n gola: 55.000.
M ozam biqu e: 55.000.
Portuguese G uinea: 27,000.
Reserves: 306.000.
N avy: 18.000 (In clu d in g 3.300 m a rin es).
4 submarines.
8 frigates.
6 corvettes.
25 coastal patrol vessels.
4 ocean and 12 coastal minesweepers.
24 patrol launches (less than 100 to n s ).
66 lan din g craft.
Reserves: 12,000.
A ir Force: 16.000; 152 com bat aircraft.
2 I t bbr sqns w ith 6 B-26 In vad er and 10
PV-2.
1 flgh ter-bom b er squadron w ith 20 F-84G.
2 F G A squadrons w ith 40 G-91.
2 Interceptor squadrons w ith 40 F-86F.
6 C O IN flights w ith 24 armed T -6 K .
1 m aritim e patrol squadron w ith 12 P-2V5.
24 Noratlas, 20 C-47, 10 DC-6, and 15 C -
45 tpts.
13 T-33. 25 T-37. and 35 T -6 recce/traln-
ers.
O th er aircra ft Include 11 Do-27 and about
100 Alou ette I I / I I I and 12 SA-330 Puma
helicopters.
1 parachute regim en t o f 4.000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 9.700 N ation al R e
publican Guard.
TU R K E Y
P op u lation : 37,900,000.
M ilita ry service: 20 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 455,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $15.8 b illion .
Defence budget 1973-74: 11,100 m illion
liras ($812 m illio n ).
14.17 llr a s ^ $ l July 1, 1972.
13.67 llr a s ^ $ l July 1, 1973.
A rm y: 365.000.
1 armoured division.
2 mechanized In fan try divisions.
11 in fa n try divisions.
4 armoured brigades.
3 mechanized in fa n try brigades.
3 In fan try brigades.
1 parachute brigade.
1 armoured cavalry regim ent.
2 SSM battalions w ith H onest John.
1.400 M-47 and M-48 med tits; M-24, M -26.
and M 41 It tks: M 36 tank destroyers; M -8
armd cars; M-59 and M-113 APC: 105mm and
155mm S P guns; 105mm, 155mm, and
203mm how; SS-11 and Cobra A T G W ; 40mm,
75mm. and 90mm A A guns; 8 Honest John
SSM; Do-27. Do- 28D-1 Sky Servant, and U - l
December 12, 1978
Beaver It ac; 20 AB-206 and 20 Bell 470 hel.
(250 M-48 med tks on order.)
Reserves: 750,000.
N a vy: 40,000.
15 submarines.
14 destroyers.
8 coastal escorts.
11 m otor torpedo boats (2 less than 100
to n s ).
14 fast patrol boats.
20 minesweepers.
7 minelayers.
A num ber o f lan din g craft.
3 AB-205A A SW helicopters.
Reserves: 50.000.
A ir Force: 50,000; 288 com bat aircraft.
2 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-104G.
5 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-100D.
2 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith F-5A.
2 In terceptor squadrons w ith F-5A.
2 A W X squadrons w ith F-102A.
3 recce squadrons w ith R F-84F and RF-5A.
(40 F -4 on order.)
(A com bat squadron has an average o f 18
a ircra ft.)
3 tp t sqns w ith 14 C-47, 10 C-130, and 20
Transall.
10 B ell DH-1D, 10 Sikorsky UH-19D, and
some AB-204B hel.
2 SAM battalions (8 batteries) w ith Nlke-
Hercules.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 75,000 Gendarmerie
(In clu d in g 3 m obile b rigad es).
T he T h eater Balance B etw een NATO
th e W arsaw P act
An y assessment o f the m ilita ry balance
between N A T O and the Warsaw P act Involves
comparison o f th e strengths o f b oth men and
equipm ent, consideration o f qu alitative
characteristics, such as geographical advan
tages, deploym ent, train in g and logistic sup
port. and differences In doctrine and philos
ophy.
Certain qu alitative factors are o f special Im
portance. For a variety o f reasons the Soviet
U n ion Is lik ely to have w ith in the theater,
or nearby, forces which closely reflect her
d octrine and strategy: on the o th er hand
N A TO , bound as It Is by a m u lti-n ation al
p o litica l process and by public pressures that
do n o t exist In the S oviet Union, has tended
to com promise on Its m ilita ry requirem ents.
Warsaw P act equ ip m en t Is, though much o f
It m igh t n ot m eet N A T O qu alitative stand
ards, standardized whereas th a t o f N A TO Is
not. Im posing lim its on Interchange and
flexib ility. T h ere Is litt le depth In th e N A TO
cen tral area and th is presents problems In
Its defence.
T h e appraisal which follow s should be re
garded as p rim arily a q u a n tita tive guide
Blnce there are difficulties In givin g values.
In so short a space, to q u a lita tive factors
and decidin g on th eir relevance. I t Is m ili
tary on ly and thus one-dlm enslonal. F u rth er
m ore th e situation is n ot a static one: any
single presentation m ust have inadequacies.
T h e com parisons necessarily o ver-sim p lify
w h at Is by Its nature a com plex problem.
L A N D A N D A IR FORCES
T h e three m ajor N A T O subordinate com
mands, Northern, Central, and Southern Eu
rope, a t first seem to offer a con ven ien t basis
fo r m akin g a direct com parison w ith the
opposing forces o f th e W arsaw Pact, b u t
th ere are problems. T h e N orthern European
Com m and covers n o t o n ly Norw ay b u t also
th e B altic area, Including Denmark, Schles
w ig-H olstein, and the B altic Approaches. I t
Is n o t possible to m ake precise calculations
as to the S oviet or Warsaw P act form ations
th at w ould be com m itted to the B altic area
rath er than towards the N A T O Central Eu
ropean Command, since In both land and air
forces there Is a considerable degree o f flexi
b ility to do either. F o r tb e Warsaw P act this
sector Is a coherent fro n t though a number
o f S oviet divisions, n otab ly In the Leningrad
area and In the K ola Peninsula, would un
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
d ou bted ly be directed tow ards Norway.
Northern and Central Europe are th erefore
grouped togeth er In the tables which follow ,
and Southern Europe Is shown separately.
C O M P A R IS O N O F G ROUND F O R M A T IO N S
A trad ition al basis o f com parison Is the
num ber o f com bat divisions th a t the tw o
sides have. T h is is fa r fro m an adequate
Category
Ground forces available to commanders in peace
time (in division equivalents):
Armored
Infantry, mechanized, and airborne
In th is table (an d th e ones th a t follo w
In th is s e c tio n ), th e p ortion headed "N o rth
ern and Central E urope" includes (o n the
N A T O side) the com mands fo r which A F -
CE NT and A F N O R T H com manders have re
sponsibility. France Is n o t Included, n or are
any allied ground forces In Portugal or B rit
ain. On th e Warsaw P act side It Includes the
com mand fo r which th e P act H igh Com
m ander has responsibility, b u t excludes the
armed forces o f Bulgaria, Hungary, and R u
mania. Certain S oviet units n orm ally sta
tioned In western USSR and such troops as
m ig h t be com m itted to th e B altic and N o r
and
wegian theatre o f operations have, however,
been Included on th e Warsaw P act side.
T h e entries under th e heading "Southern
Europe include, on th e N A T O side, the
Italian , Greek, and Turkish land forces (in
clu d ing those In Aslan T u rk ey ) and such
Am erican and British units as would be com
m itted to th e M editerranean th eatre o f o p
erations, and on the Warsaw P act side, the
land forces o f Bulgaria, Hungary, and R u
m ania and such S oviet un its n orm ally sta
tioned in Hungary and southern USSR as
m igh t be com m itted to th e M editerranean
theatre.
French form ation s are n o t in the above
figures: i f Included th ey would add tw o
m echanized divisions to th e N A T O totals.
These are the tw o d ivisions stationed In G er
many. There are fou r m ore In France, o u t
side th e N A T O area. Thou gh these divisions
are stationed In G erm any and there has been
som e Joint p lan n ing w ith N A T O m ilitary
commanders, th ey are n o t com m itted to
N A T O and there has been no agreem ent on
the m ilita ry strategy under w hich th ey m igh t
be em ployed. On th e o th er hand, all the
appropriate forces o f th e W arsaw Pact coun
tries are Included, though th e m ilita ry value
o f some o f them m igh t be suspect o f po
litic a l reasons, dependent on circumstances.
O ffsettin g advantages to N A T O are th e facts
th a t m ost o f the N A T O strength Is In W est
Germ any, where It Is wanted, w h ile about a
th ird o f th e S oviet divisions here are some
distance away In th e western m ilita ry dis
tr ic t o f th e S oviet Union. T h e figures show,
therefore, fro m a N A T O view point, what Is
th e worst case.
T h e figures do not Include French forces;
If those stationed In Germ any are counted.
Category
Combat and direct support troops available
T h e figures do n ot Include French forces;
i f those stationed In G erm any are counted,
th e N A T O figure fo r N orthern and Central
Europe m igh t be Increased by perhaps 50.000.
T h e table still reveals an advantage to the
Warsaw Pact In N orthern and Central Europe
(su b ject to th e caveat above about the value
to be placed on th e forces o f the East Euro-
40965
gulde by Itself, since n o t on ly d o divisions
vary greatly In th eir organization, size, and
equipm ent, b u t there are a num ber o f com
bat units outside divisions as well. As a
broad In dication o f th e fro n t-lin e com bat
resources available it has some u tility, taken
in con ju nction w ith the various tables which
fo llo w it, b u t to read too much Into this
divisional cou n t could be misleading.
Northern and Central Europe Southern Europe
Warsaw Of which Warsaw Of which
NATO Pact U.S.S.R. NATO Pact U.S.S.R,
10 33 21 6 7 3
14 35 20 31 21 4
the N A T O figure fo r N orthern and Central
Europe m igh t be Increased by perhaps 50,000.
T h e table conceals a marked Imbalance In
N orth Norway. In Norw ay there are on ly
Norw egian forces In peacetime, a brigade
group being located In the north. T h e S oviet
forces facin g them , or which could be
b rough t against them from north-w estern
Russia, probably am ou n t to a t least fou r
divisions. T h is wide disparity h igh ligh ts th e
problem o f th e defence o f N orth Norw ay
against surprise attack. T o m eet th is diffi
cu lty a system o f self-defence, based on a
p ow erfu l Hom e Guard and rapid m ob iliza
tion. has been designed to take m axim um
advantage o f th e ruggedness o f th e cou ntry
and th e poor road and rail com munications,
but it Is clear th a t defence against attack
o f any size depends on tim ely external as
sistance.
T w o fu rth er Imbalances are worth noting.
T h e first, a legacy fro m th e post-w ar occu
pation zones, is a certain m aldeploym ent In
th e N A T O Central European Command,
w here th e w ell-equipped and strong A m er
ican form ations are stationed in th e south
ern p art o f th e fron t, an area which geo
graph ically lends Itself to defence, w h ile in
th e north Oerm an plain, across which the
routes to allied capitals run, where there is
litt le depth and few m a jor obstacles, certain
o f th e forces are less pow erful. T h e second
Is th a t th e whole o f th e Ita lia n land forces,
which are Included In th e table under
Southern Europe, are stationed In Ita ly and
thus are at some distance from the areas of
p oten tial con fron tation both in the South
East and th e Centre.
C O M P A R IS O N O F M A N P O W E R
A com parison o f fro n t-lin e m anpower d e
ployed on th e ground In norm al circu m
stances. th a t is. before any reinforcem ent,
fills ou t the picture fu rther. T h e figures
shown reflect th e variations In divisional
establishm ents m entioned above but also In
clude com bat troops in form ation s higher
th an divisions and those men who d irectly
support them . T h ey take account o f un der
m anning as well m any N A T O and Warsaw
P act divisions are kept w ell below strength
in peacetime. Figures calculated on this basis
can on ly be approxim ate. T h ey give th e fo l
lo w in g com parison (figures are In th ou
sands) :
Northern and Central Europe Southern Europe
Warsaw Of which Warsaw Of which
NATO Pact U.S.S.R. NATO Pact USSR.
600 900 600 530 320 90
pean Pact c o u n trie s). I t does not. o f course,
include the men in the Am erican dual-based
brigades, because they are n ot physically
present In Europe, but does include on tb e
Warsaw P act side some 200.000 in divisions
in the western S oviet Union, since these
form ation s are clearly designed fo r opera
tions In Central Europe, th ough th ey are
40966
a t some distance in tim e and space fro m th e
area.
In Southern Europe th e figures favou r
N A T O but conceal th e fa c t th a t th e forces
are w idely separated, w ith Ita lia n troops de
ployed at a very considerable distance from
those o f Greece and Turkey.
T H E M O V E M E N T O F R E IN F O R C E M E N T S
T h e m ovem ent o f reinforcem ents to the
theatre and the m o b ilization o f first-lin e re
serves would m aterially alter th e above
figures. N A T O m igh t get Its earliest rein
forcem ents fro m W est G erm any and B ritain,
but these would be designed m ainly to in
crease m ann in g strengths rath er th an to in
crease m aterially th e num ber o f form ations.
T h e three m echanized divisions in eastern
France m igh t also be m ade available, but
N A T O w ould rely p rin cip ally on the U nited
States fo r m ajor rein forcem en t w ith extra
divisions. T h ere are in th e U nited States the
tw o dual-based brigades and a fu rth er tw o
divisions specially earm arked fo r Europe, all
w ith th eir equ ip m en t stockpiled In Germany.
T h e personnel o f these form ation s could be
m oved very qu ickly, using th e very consid
erable a ir lift which exists. T h ere are then a
fu rth er 4 divisions In th e active arm y and
tw o in the M arines in th e Strategic Reserve
in th e U nited States but, alth ou gh they
m igh t be available very early, some o f th eir
equ ip m en t would have to be m oved by sea.
T h is would also be the case w ith th e 8 d iv i
sions and some 18 Independent brigades In
the N ation al Guard th a t could nom inally be
ready fo r m ovem ent some five weeks after
m ob ilization b u t m igh t need fu rth er train
ing (as m ig h t Soviet rein forcem en ts).
Warsaw P act rein forcem en t plans follo w
a rath er differen t pattern. S oviet divisions
are kept a t th ree differen t m anning levels
and oth er Warsaw Pact form ation s a t two.
R ein forcem en t depends on fillin g o u t these
divisions by m o b ilization and then on m ov
in g them forward. As fa r as can b e Judged,
m ob ilization by th e S oviet U n ion In particu
la r could be very speedy, since many o f the
form ation s lik ely to be used in Central
Europe are kep t at th e high er m anning le v
els. I t has been estim ated th a t th e 27 Soviet
divisions in Eastern Europe could be In
creased to perhaps 70 in about a m on th
I f m o b ilization were unimpeded. (T h is 70 In
cludes th e divisions in th e western USSR
already counted In th e G round Form ation
table.) O f course it m ig h t n o t be. I f hos
tilitie s had already started, m ovem en t by rail
and road could be in terdicted and th e b u ild
up be slowed down considerably. Nonetheless,
th e S oviet Union, a European pow er operat
in g on in terior lines, should be able In the
early weeks to m ove reinforcem ents w ith
heavy equipm en t faster overland than the
U n ited States could by sea. Am erican ab ility
to brin g back the men o f th e dual-based exten t by a superiority in an ti-tan k wea
brigades In days by air has been dem on
strated on exercises, and fo r th e tw o divisions
w ith equ ip m en t in G erm any th e a ir lift o f
personnel would be a m atter o f another week
or so. As w ith S oviet forces, th is would de
pend on m ovem ent n ot bein g hindered, on a ters. In conventional artillery the Warsaw
secure air environ m ent and safe airfields to
fly Into; and qu ick dispersal from airfields
could be difficult once fig h tin g had started.
T h e increase o f manpower strengths In com N A T O am m unition and its greater logistic
batan t units could take place rapidly, b oth
fro m th e U n ited States and fro m th e Euro capability stems from a sign ifican tly higher
pean N A T O countries, but th e real problem
for a fast bulld-up lies in th e Inevitable
tim e lag th ere w ou ld be before th e Am erican
follow -u p form ations, dependent fo r th eir
heavy weapons on sealift, could be ready fo r
operations.
Im p lic it In W estern defence plans Is th e
concept o f p olitica l w arning tim e, th a t there Tactical aircraft in operational service:
w ill be sufficient warning o f a possible attack
to enable N A T O forces to be brought to a
high er state o f readiness and fo r rein force
m en t and m ob ilization to take place. Thla
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
does, o f course, assume th e willingness this
applies to b oth sides to rein force in a crisis
situ ation a t th e risk o f h eighten in g tension
by d oin g so. Advantage here w ill generally
lie w ith an attacker, who can start m ob iliza
tio n first, hope to conceal his intentions, and
fin a lly achieve some degree o f tactical sur
prise. T h e p oin t o f attack can be chosen and
a significant local superiority b u ilt up. T h e
defender Is lik ely to start m ore slow ly and
w ill have to rem ain on guard a t all points.
A fa ir summary o f the rein forcem en t posi designed m aterial and enjoys th e flexibility,
tio n m ig h t be th a t th e Warsaw P act Is In s im plicity o f train in g, and econom y th at
trin sically capable o f a faster bulld-up o f fo r
m ations In th e early weeks, particu larly i f
local surprise is achieved; th a t N A T O can
o n ly m atch such an in itia l bulld-up I f it
has, and takes advantage o f, sufficient warn
in g tim e; th a t th e subsequent rate o f b u ild
up favours th e Warsaw Pact unless the crisis
develops slow ly enough to perm it fu ll rein
forcem ent; in th is last case th e W est could
even tu a lly reach an advantageous position.
Northern and Central Europe
Category NATO
Main battle tanks io operational service: In
6.500
These are tanks w ith form ations, or which
are earmarked fo r th e use o f dual-based or
Im m ediate rein forcin g form ations (som e
750). T h e y do n ot Include those in reserve,
or to replace tanks damaged o r destroyed. In
th is la tter category N A T O has perhaps 1,500 tory, and has m any lines o f com m unication
tanks in Europe. T h e Soviet Union has rec
en tly replaced about 1,000 T-54/55 tanks
w ith T-62s in its divisions in East Germ any
but has n o t withdraw n the older ones. These
extra tanks are n o t Included above. T h ere m ay be no b etter off.
may perhaps be other tanks In reserve in th e
Warsaw Pact area, but in general In th e Pact
rein forcem en t system th e tanks In form a
tions form th e reserves.
Again, French forces are n o t Included in
the above figures. I f th e tw o divisions sta
tioned in G erm any are taken in to account,
326 should be added to th e N A T O total; If
th e three divisions In eastern France are
counted, the N A T O figures go up by a fu rth er
485.
I t w ill be seen th a t in N orthern and Cen
tra l Europe N A T O has litt le m ore than a
th ird as many operational tanks as the W ar
saw Pact, though N A T O tanks are generally
superior (even to the T-62, now increasingly
com ing In to service In the P act fo rce s). This
num erical weakness in tanks (an d in oth er
arm oured figh tin g vehicles) reflects N A TO 's
essentially defensive role and Is offset to some
pons, a field in which new missiles com ing
in to service m ay Increasingly give more
strength to the defence. N A T O probably also
has m ore effective airborne an ti-tan k wea
pons carried by figh ter aircra ft and helicop
P act Is stronger, though th is advantage is
p artly redressed b y the greater le th a lity of
capability to sustain higher rates o f fire. T h is
transport lift, about h alf as high again In a
Northern and Central Europe
Categories NATO
Light bombers - 140
1.100
350
Reconnaissance 300
December 12, 1973
Allian ce countries m aintain m ore men under
arms than th e W arsaw Pact. For Army/
M arines th e figures (In thousands) are:
N A T O 3.025 (In clu d in g France 3,357); W ar
saw Pact 2,859. An d th e S oviet U nion has a
large proportion o f her forces n o t available
fo r Europe but on her border w ith China.
C O M P A R IS O N O F E Q U IP M E N T
In a comparison o f equ ip m en t one point
stands ou t: th e W arsaw P act Is armed a l
m ost com pletely w ith S oviet o r S oviet-
standardization brings. N A T O forces have a
wide variety o f everyth in g fro m weapons sys
tems to vehicles, w ith consequent duplica
tio n o f supply systems and some difficulties
o f Interoperability; th ey do, however, have
m any weapons qu alitatively superior. As to
numbers o f weapons, there are some notable
differences o f which th a t In tanks is perhaps
th e most significant. T h e relative strengths
are:
Southern Europe
Warsaw Of which Warsaw Of which
Pact U.S.S.R. NATO Pact U.S.S.R.
17,000 10,000 2.150 6,200 1,700
N A T O division as com pared w ith a Warsaw
Pact one. N A T O has, however, an inflexible
lo gistic system, based alm ost en tirely on na
tio n al supply lines w ith U ttle central co
ordination. I t cannot now use French terri
ru nn in g north to south near the area o f fo r
ward deploym ent. Certain N A T O countries
are, furtherm ore, short o f supplies fo r sus
tain ed combat, b u t W arsaw Pact countries
N U M B E R S O F AIR C R AFT
I f N A T O ground form ation s are to be able
to exploit, by day as w ell as by n igh t, the
m o b ility th ey possess, th ey m ust have a
greater degree o f air cover over the b attle
field than they now have. Such cover is pro
vided by a com bin ation o f rapid warning
com m unications systems, su rface-to-air wea
pons, and figh ter aircraft. In much o f this
grou nd-air environ m ent N A T O Is w ell pre
pared; In numbers o f aircra ft it is inferior.
N A T O has, however, a h igh er proportion of
m u lti-purpose aircra ft o f good perform ance
over th eir fu ll mission profiles, especially In
range and payload; considerable pow er can
be deployed in th e ground attack role in
particular. Both sides are m odernizing their
inventories, and the US forces In Europe in
p articu lar can now be assumed to have avail
able th e very advanced air-dellvered wea
pons, such a3 th e laser-guided bombs and
oth er preclsion-gulded munitions, o f the
types used In South-East Asia. T h e tw o air
forces have rather differen t ro le s : long range
and payload have low er p rio rity fo r the W ar
saw Pact. N A TO , fo r example, has m aintained
a long-range deep-strlke tactical aircraft
capability; th e Soviet U n ion has chosen to
build a M RB M force w hich could, under cer
ta in circumstances, p erform analogous m is
sions, though n o t in a conventional phase o f
any battle.
Southern Europe
Warsaw Of which Warsaw Of which
Pact U.S.SJL NATO Pact U.S.S.R.
250 200 6 30 30
1.400 1,110 450 125 50
2.100 1. no 275 950 450
550 400 125 90 40
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
In th is table, th e area covered fo r N o rth
ern and Central E urope Is s ligh tly wider
than to r ground troops as described In the
earlier tables. M any a ircra ft have a lon g-
range capability and In any case can be re
deployed very quickly. Accordingly, th e fig
ures here Include the appropriate B ritish and
Am erican aircra ft In B ritain, Am erican a ir
c ra ft In Spain, and S oviet aircra ft In western
USSR. T h ey do not. however. Include the
Am erican dual-based squadrons, which
w ould add about 100 figh ter-typ e aircra ft to
th e N A T O totals, nor French squadrons w ith
perhaps another 500 fighters. Carrier-borne
a ircra ft o f th e US Navy are excluded but so.
on the oth er hand, are the m edium bombers
in the S oviet A ir Force, which could operate
in a tactical role.
T h e Warsaw Pact enjoys the advantage o f
in terior lines o f com m unication, which
makes fo r ease o f com mand and control and
logistics. I t has a relatively high capability to
operate from dispersed natural airfields serv
iced by m obile systems, fa r m ore airfields
w ith m ore shelters, and the great advantage
o f standard ground support equipm ent which
stems fro m h avin g on ly Soviet-designed a ir
craft. These factors make fo r greater flex ib il
ity th an N A T O has, w ith Its wide variety o f
a ircra ft and support equipm ent. N A T O un
d ou btedly has superiority in sophistication o f
equipm ent, th e cap ab ility o f its air crews,
w hich have in general h igh er train in g stand
ards and fly more hours, and the versatility
o f its aircraft, which give operational flexi
b ility o f a differen t kind. N A TO 's real ad
vantage, however. Is th a t lt has m ore rein
forcem ent aircraft. Since squadrons can be
m oved qu ick ly the N A T O num erical In fer
io rity shown above could rapidly be turned
Into superiority If enough airfields are a v a il
able. T h e to tal Am erican tactical aircraft
Inventory, fo r exam ple (exclu d in g train in g
o r home air d efen c e), Is 5,100: th at fo r the
S oviet U nion Is 4,500.
TH EATRE NUCLEAR W EAPONS
N A T O has some 7,000 nuclear warheads,
deliverable by a variety o f vehicles, over 2,000
In all, aircraft, short-range missiles, and ar
tille ry o f the types listed in T ab le 1 In the
Tables o f Com parable S tren gth s" section
elsewhere in this Issue. These nuclear
weapons are in general designed fo r use
against targets w ith in th e b attlefield area or
d irectly connected w ith th e m anoeuvre o f
com batant forces, which could be described
as a 'ta c tic a l' use. T h e figure o f 7,000 war
heads Includes, however, a substantial num
ber carried ou t by, fo r example, aircra ft Buch
as th e F -4 or F-104, which could be delivered
on targets outside the battlefield area or un
connected w ith th e m anoeuvre o f com bat
a n t forces and thus p u t to 'strategic' use.
T h ere Is In evitab ly some overlap when de
scribing delivery vehicles, aircra ft and m is
siles, capable o f delivering conven tion al or
nuclear warheads as 'ta ctica l' or 'strategic'.
T h e to tal o f 7,000 also Includes nuclear war
heads fo r certain alr-defen se missiles. There
are also nuclear mines. Yields are variable
b u t are m ainly In th e low k iloto n range. The
ground-based m issile launchers and guns
are in form ation s down to divisions and are
operated b oth by Am erican and allied troops,
b u t In th e latter case warheads are under
double key. T h e figure fo r Soviet warheads Is
p robably about 3,500, sim ilarly delivered by
a ircra ft and m issile systems (again, see
T ab le 1 ). S oviet warheads are th ou gh t to be
som ewhat larger, on average, th a n those o f
N A TO . Som e o f the delivery vehicles, b u t n ot
th e warheads, are In the bands o f non
S oviet Warsaw Pact forces.
T h is com parison o f nuclear warheads must
n o t be looked a t in qu ite th e same lig h t as
th e con ven tion al com parisons preceding it,
since on the N A T O side the strategic doctrine
is not, and cannot be. based on the use o f
such weapons on this sort o f scale. These
numbers were accumulated to Im plem ent an
earlier, predom in an tly nuclear, strategy and
an In ven tory o f th is size now has the ch ief
m erit o f affording a wide range o f choice o f
weapons, yield, and delivery system if con
trolled escalation has to be contem plated. A
p oin t th a t does emerge from the comparison,
however, is th a t the S oviet U n ion has the
a b ility to launch a b attlefield nuclear offen
sive on a massive scale If she should choose,
or to m atch any N A T O escalation w ith
broadly sim ilar options.
C H A N C E S OVER T IM E
T h e com parisons above are not very d if
feren t from those o f a few years ago, but over
a longer period the effect o f small and slow
changes can be marked, and the balance can
alter. In 1962 th e Am erican land. sea. and air
forces in Europe totalled 434,000; now the
figure Is around 300.000. There were 26 Soviet
divisions In Eastern Europe In 1967; now
th ere are 31. T h e num erical pattern over the
years so fa r has been a gradual s h ift in
favou r o f the East; q u a lita tively N A T O has
more than held Its own. In fu tu re the ad
ven t o f new weapons systems, particu larly
preclslon-guided m unitions and an ti-tan k
and air defense missiles, may cu t Into the
Warsaw Pact's advantage In tank and air
c ra ft numbers. T h e exten t to which n egoti
ated force reductions may change the b a l
ance also remains to be seen.
O t h e r E u r o p e a n C o u n t r ie s
A L B A N IA
P op u lation : 2.400,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y 2 years; A ir Force,
Navy, and special u n 'ts 3 years.
T otal regular forces: 38,000.
Estim ated G N P 1971: $1.04 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 589 m illion leks ($118
m illio n ).
5 leks equal $1.
Arm y: 30,000.
1 tank brigade.
6 in fa n try brigades.
Some lig h t coastal batteries.
70 T-34, 15 T-54 and T -59 med tks; T-62 lt
tks: 20 BA-64, BTR-40, and BTR-152 APC;
SU-76 SP guns; 122mm and 152mm gun/how;
45mm. 57mm, 76mm. and 85mm A T k guns;
37mm, 57mm, and 85 m m A A guns.
N avy: 3.000.
4 submarines ( ex-S oviet W -class).
4 coastal escorts.
40 M TB and patrol boats.
8 M CM ships (2 ex-S oviet T-43. 6 T-301
class).
Coastal efence SSM deployed around Du-
razzo and Valona.
A ir Force: 5.000; 96 com bat aircraft.
2 FB squadrons w ith 24 M1G-17/F-4 (C h i
nese) .
2 figh ter squadrons w ith 24 M1G-15/F-2
(C h in es e ).
2 Interceptor squadrons w ith 36 M iG-19
and 12 MIG-21 (C h in ese).
1 transport squadron w ith 3 A n -2 and 3
11-14.
2 squadrons w ith 20 M i1 and M i4 h e li
copters.
SA-2 SAM.
P ara-M llltary Forces: 15.000; Internal secu
rity force 5.C'0; fro n tier force 10,000.
A U S TR IA
P op u lation : 7.500,000.
M ilitary service: 6 months, follow ed by 60
days' reservist training.
T o ta l armed forces: 12,000 regular, 40,000
conscript (to ta l m oblllzable strength 150,
000).
Estim ated G N P 1972: $20/. billion.
Defence budget 1973: 5,080 m illion schil
lin g ($291 m illio n ).
23 schilling equal $1 1 July 1972.
17.46 sch illin g equal $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 10,250 regulars, 38,050 conscripts.
3 armoured brigades.
7 in fa n try brigades.
16 territorial regim ents.
40967
3 independent air defence battalions.
153 M 47, 120 M-60 med tks; 100 Kueras-
sler tk destroyers; 470 Saurer APC; 108
105mm, 38 M-109 155mm, and 31 S F K M -2
155mm SP how; 18 130 m m Praga V3S m u lti
ple R L; 301 80mm med mortars: 107 107mm
and 82 120mm heavy mortars; 299 20mm
Oerlikon, $4 35mm Super Bat and 60 40mm
Bofors A A guns.
D eploym ent: 1 400-man b attalion and 1
field hospital in Syprus (U N IC Y P ).
Reserves: 100,000 Landwehr, Fron tier
Guard, and area m llltla.
A ir Force: 1,750 regulars. 1.950 conscripts;
38 com bat aircraft. (A u strian air units are
an Integral part o f th e army, but have been
listed separately fo r purposes o f com parison.)
3 figh ter-bom ber sqns w ith 38 SAAB 1050E.
1 sqn SAAB 1050E and 1 sqn SAAB Saflr
trainers.
1 tp t sqn w ith 19 Cessna L-19, 3 Beaver
L-20, 2 Skyvan.
6 hel sqns w ith 2 AB-204B, 18 AB-206A
and H-13, 22 A lou ette n / m . and 2 S-65-Oe.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 11,250 Gendarmerie.
EIRE
P op u lation : 3.000,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 10,570.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $5.62 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 34.2 m illion ($88
m illio n ).
0.413=$ 1 1 July 1972.
0.388 = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 9.600.
7 In fan try battalions (on e coy In U N IF I-
C Y P ).
1 tank squadron.
1 recce squadron.
6 field artillery batteries.
1 A A battery.
8 Comet, 3 C h urchill med tks; 20 Pan-
hard armd cars (ln c l 4 A M L -9 0 ); 17 Unlm og
and 13 Pan hard A M L APC; 48 25-pdr guns;
447 84mm Carl Gustav and 96 90mm III O
A T G W ; 72 120 m m mortars; 26 40mm Bofors
A A guns.
Reserves: 19,800: R egular Reserve 1,500;
T errito ria l Arm y: 18,300.
N avy: 400.
1 corvette.
3 coastal minesweepers.
A ir Force: 570; 7 com bat aircraft.
3 Vam pire, 4 BAC Provost, 8 Chipmunk,
and 8 Cessna F-172; 2 Dove I t tpt; 6 Alou ette
I I I hel.
F IN L A N D
P op u lation : 4,710,000.
M ilita ry service: 8-11 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 39,500.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $12.6 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 843.2 m illion m ark-
kaa ($231 m illio n ).
4.1 m a rk k a a = $ l 1 July 1972.
3.65 m arkkaa = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 34,000.
1 armoured brigade (a t about h a lf
s tre n g th ).
6 In fan try brigades (a t about 35 per cent
stre n gth ).
7 independent in fa n try battalions.
3 field artille ry regim ents.
4 Independent field artillery batteries.
7 coastal artillery battalions.
4 an ti-aircraft battalions.
T-54. T-55. and Charioteer med tks; PT-76
l t tks; B T R -5 0 P APC; 105mm, 122mm, and
130mm guns: 122mm and 152mm how; V ig i
lan t and SS-11 A T G W ; ZSU-57-2, ZU-23-2,
35mm Oerlikon and 40mm Bofors AA guns.
N avy: 2,500.
3 frigates (one used as train in g s h ip ).
2 gunboats.
1 patrol boat w ith SSM (tra in in g s h ip ).
15 fast patrol boats (less th an 100 to n s ).
2 coastal minelayers.
5 inshore minesweepers.
A ir Force: 3.000: 47 com bat aircraft.
3 figh ter sqns w ith M1Q-21F. 12 SAAB J-
35BS draken, and Fouga Maglster.
40968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
A b ou t 10 DC-3 transports.
60 Magtster, 30 Saflr, and 4 Mlg-15/21 U T I
trainers.
3 M l- 4 .1 Alou ette I I , and 1 AB-204B hel.
Reserves: 685.000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 4,000 fron tier guards.
S P A IN
P op u lation : 34.700.000.
M ilitary service: 18 m onths.
T otal armed forces: 293.000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $46.2 b illion .
Defence budget 1973; 65.7 b illion pesetas
($ 1.132 m illio n ).
63 pesetas $1 1 July 1972.
58.06 pesetas $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 210.000.
1 armoured division.
1 m echanized In fan try division.
1 m otorized in fa n try division.
2 m ountain divisions.
1 armoured cavalry brigade.
12 independent in fan try brigades.
(A ll above are about 7 0 strength.)
1 m ountain brigade.
1 alrportable brigade.
1 parachute brigade.
2 m ilitary brigades (1 coast a r tille r y ).
1 SAM b attalion w ith H A W K .
20 AM X-30, 350 M-47. and M-48 med tks;
250 M-24 and M-41 It tks; G reyhound armd
cars; AML-60/90 and M -3 scout cars; 50
M-113 APC; 130 105mm. and 175mm S P
guns; 200 105mm, 155mm, and 203mm how;
90 m m SP A T k guns; 40mm L/70 and 90mm
AA guns: 88mm coastal guns; Cessna O -IE ,
C ASA 127 It ac: 6 Bell 470. 12 UH-1B. 16
UH-1H , and 16 AB-206A hel (6 CH-47C
tp ts on o r d e r ); H A W K SAM.
N a vy: 44,000 (ln cl 8,000 m arines).
6 submarines (4 Daphne-class on o r d e r ).
1 helicopter carrier.
1 cruiser.
19 d estroyers'fast frigates (6 more on or
d e r).
5 frigates.
5 corvettes.
3 ASW launches.
3 torpedo boats.
26 minesweepers.
14 lan din g ships/craft.
3 ASW hel and 1 It hel sqns w ith 6 SH-30,
12 AB-204B, 9 H-19. 5 Hughes 500, 16 Bell
47H-1G. B ell 212, and Sikorsky CH-47.
A ir Force: 39,000; 151 com bat aircraft.
2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 36 F-4C.
2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 24 M irage
111EE.
2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 36 F-5A.
2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 44 HA-200
Saeta.
1 ASW sqn w ith 11 SA-16.
T p t ac in clude C-47. DC-4, CASA 207 Azor,
Caribou; KC-137 tankers.
T rain ers Include 6 M irage m B E and 6
F-5B.
Hel include A-205 and AB-47.
(15 M irage F - l . 4 C-130H. up to 20 C-212
Avlorcar, 8 Chinook, and 8 Cobra on order.)
P ara -M llltary Forces: 65.000 Guardia Civil.
D eploym ent (outside m ainland S p a in ):
41.000.
Balearic Islan ds: 6,000.
Canary Islan d s: 8.000.
Ceuta: 8,000, lncl I regt o f Foreign Legion.
M ellila : 9.000. lncl 1 regt o f F oreign Legion.
Spanish Sahara: 10,000, ln cl 2 rcgts o f
Foreign Legion.
SW E D E N
P op u lation : 8.200,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y and Navy, 7 ^ -1 5
months; A ir Force, 9-14 months.
T otal armed forces: 20.500 regulars, 18.300
reservists, and 54,300 conscripts, plus 99,
600 conscripts on annual refresher training.
(T o ta l m obilization strength 750,000.)
Estimated G N P 1972: S42.3 bUlion.
Defence budget 1973-74: 7.550 m illion
kroner (1.883 m illio n ).
4.72 k r o n e r = $l 1 July 1972.
4.01 k ro n er=$1 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 10,700 regulars, 13,400 reservists, and
40.500 conscripts, plus 83,000 conscripts on
18-40 days annual refresher training.
6 armoured brigades.
20 in fa n try brigades.
4 Norrlands w in ter brigades.
50 independent battalions.
23 Local D efence D istricts w ith 100 inde
pendent battalions and 400-500 Independent
companies.
49 non-operational armoured, in fan try,
and artillery train in g units to provide basic
arms train in g fo r conscripts.
S trv 101, 102 (C e n tu rio n ), and 103B med
tks; S trv 74 I t tks (Ik v 91 on o rd er); P bv
301, 302A, S K P F APC: Ik v 102, Ik v 103
105mm and Bk 1A (L/50) and oth er 155mm
SP guns; 75mm, 105mm, and 155mm how;
75mm SP and 90mm A T k guns; SS-11. Ban
tam , Carl Gustav, and M ini man A T G W :
20mm, 40mm, and 57mm A A guns; Redeye
and H A W K SAM; 20 Sk 61 (B u lld o g ). 18 Fpl
51 (P ip e r Super C u b ), 4 F p l 53 (Do.27) I t ac;
Hkp-3 (A B -2 0 4 B ), 22 Hkp-6 (Jet-R an ger)
hel.
N avy: 4,400 regulars, 2.900 reservists, and
7.500 conscripts, plus 12,000 conscripts on an
nual refresher training.
22 submarines.
8 destroyers. 2 w ith Rb-08 SSM, 4 w ith Sea-
cat SAM.
5 fast ASW frigates.
19 heavy torpedo boats.
25 m otor torpedo boats (less than 100
to n s ).
1 fast patrol boat.
2 m inelayer/submarine depot ships.
18 coastal minesweepers.
20 inshore minesweepers (8 less th an 100
t o n s ).
20 m obile and 45 static coastal artillery
batteries w ith 75mm, 105mm, 120mm, 152mm,
and 210mm guns and Rb-08 and Rb-52 (S S -
11) SSM.
7 K kp-2 (A lo u ette I I ) , 3 Hkp-4B (V e rto l
107), 7 Hkp-4C (K aw asakl-V ertol 107/11),
and 10 Hkp-6 (J etR an ger) hel.
A ir Force: 5,400 regulars, 2.000 reservists,
and 6.300 conscripts, plus 4,600 conscripts
on annual refresher train in g: 600 com bat air
craft.
9 attack sqns w ith A -32A Lansen ( w ith R b -
04E A S M ) and AJ-37 V iggen (replacem ent o f
Lansen by Viggen started In 1971).
1 F G A sqn w ith SAAB S/T-60B.
13 A W X sqns w ith J-35 Draken F.
6 A W X sqns w ith J-35 Draken A/D.
2 recce-flghter sqns w ith S-32C.
3 recce/day flgh ter sqns w ith S-35E.
(A com bat sqn has up to 18 aircra ft.)
2 tp t sqns w ith 2 C-130E and 7 C-47, Norse
man, and BAC Pembroke.
5 com m sqns w ith 110 SAAB 105 and 78 Sk
61 (B u lld o g) (su itable fo r lig h t ground a t
tack d u tie s ).
5 hel groups (u p to 3-4 aircraft each) with
1 H kp-2 (A lo u ette I I ) . 6 Hkp-3 (A B -20 4B ),
and 4 Hkp4B (V erto l 107).
6 SAM sqns w ith Bloodhound 2.
T h ere Is a fu lly com puterized, fu lly au to
m atic control and air surveillance system,
S trll 60, co-ordinating all a ir defence com
ponents.
Reserves: V olun tary defence organizations,
500,000.
S W IT Z E R L A N D
P op u lation : 6,500,000.
M ilitary service: 4 m onths In itial training,
follow ed by refresher train in g o f three weeks
a year fo r 8 years, tw o weeks fo r 3 years, and
one week fo r 2 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 3,500 regulars and
30.000 conscripts (to ta l m obllizable strength
600,000: m ilitia can be fu lly m obilized w ith in
48 h o u rs ).
Estim ated G N P 1972: $30.6 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 2,309 m illio n francs
( $799 m illio n ).
3.75 fr a n c s = $l 1 July 1972.
2.89 fr a n c s = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 1,500 regular cadre (In clu d in g A ir
December 12, 1973
Defence tr o o p s ): 27,500 conscripts; 526,500
m ilitia.
1 corps (A lp in e defen ce) o f 3 m ountain
divisions.
3 corps, each o f an arm oured division and
2 in fa n try divisions.
17 frontier, fortress or 'red ou b t brigades.
300 Centurion and 260 Pz-61/68 med tks:
200 AM X -13 It tks: 1.250 M-113 APC: 150
155mm S P how; 900 105mm guns and how.
A ir Force: 2.000 regular: 2,500 conscripts:
40.000 m llltla (m aintenance is by c ivilia n s );
285 com bat aircraft. (Swiss A ir Force and Air
Defense Troops are an Integral part o f the
army, but are listed separately fo r purposes
o f com parison.)
11 FB squadrons w ith 165 Venom FB 50.
2 Interceptor squadrons w ith 30 M lrace
H IS .
5 F G A squadrons w ith 75 H u n ter F-58
(w ith Sidewinder A A M ). (30 m ore Hunters
on order.)
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith 15 M irage
IIIR S .
28 transport aircraft.
100 Alou ette n/HI hel.
2 SAM battalions w ith Bloodhound 2.
45 A A batteries w ith Oerllkon tw in 35 mm
cannon.
Reserves: 566,500.
Y
u g o s l a v ia
P op u lation : 21,000,000.
M ilita ry service: A rm y and A ir Force, 15
months; Navy. 18 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 240,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $12.83 billion.
Defence budget 1973; 12.8 b illion dinars
( $826 m illio n ).
16.5 dinars $ 1 1 July 1972.
15.5 dinars ~ $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 200,000.
1 tank division.
10 in fa n try division.
9 armoured brigades.
24 independent In fa n try brigades.
1 airborne brigade.
Several hundred T-54/55. T-34, and M-47,
and about 650 M -4 m ed tks; some P T-76 It
tks; M-3, BTR-50P, BTR-60P, BTR-152. and
M -590 APC; SU-100 SP guns; 105mm and
155mm how; 50mm, 57mm, 75mm, and 76mm
A T k guns: ZSU-57-2 SP A A guns; SA-2 SAM.
N a vy: 20.000.
5 submarines.
1 destroyer.
19 coastal escorts.
30 MCM ships.
10 Osa-class patrol boats w ith S tyx SSM.
80 patrol torpedo boats (55 less than 100
to n s ).
30 landing craft.
1 m arine In fan try brigade.
25 coastal artillery batteries.
A ir Force: 20.000: 342 com bat aircraft.
12 F G A sqns w ith F-84, K ragu j, and Jas-
treb.
8 flgh ter sqns w ith 50 F-86D/E and 82
M iG-21.
2 reconnaissance sqns w ith R T-33.
(A com bat squadron has about 15 aircraft.)
25 Li-2. Beaver, and C-47 and 13 n -1 4 tpts.
60 Galeb trainers.
15 W h irlw in d, 18 M l-4 and Mi-8, and 5
A lou ette I I I helicopters (130 SA-341 Gazelle
on o rd e r).
8 SAM batteries w ith SA-2.
P ara -M llitary Forces: 19,000 Fron tier
Guards; 1,000,000 T errito ria l defence force
(planned to Increase to 3,000,000).
T h e M id d l e E a s t a n d t h e M e d i t e r r a n e a n
B ILA T E R A L AG R E E M E N TS W I T H E X T E R N A L
PO W E R S
T h e S oviet Union has m ilita ry assistance
agreements and a 15-year treaty o f friendship
and cooperation, signed In M ay 1971, w ith
Egypt. A sim ilar treaty, though w ith less com
prehensive defence provisions, was concluded
w ith Ira q in A p ril 1972. Im p o rta n t m ilitary
assistance has also been provided to Algeria,
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 40969
Sudan. SyTla, and th e People's Democratic E stim ated defence expenditure 1972: 450 clu d in g 200 aircraft estim ated to be In stor
Republic o f Yem en. m illio n dinars ( $100 m illio n ). a g e ).
T h e U nited States has varyin g types o f se 4.5 d in a r s = $l 1 July 1972. 25 Tu-16 Badger m ediu m bombers.
c u rity assistance agreements and provides 3.72 d in a r s = $l 1 July 1973. 5 n -2 8 Beagle lig h t bombers.
sign ifican t m ilitary aid on eith er a gran t o r A rm y: 55,000. 210 M iG-21 Flshbed interceptors.
cred it basis to Greece, Turkey. Portugal, 1 arm oured brigade. 80 Su-7 F itte r flghter-bom bers.
Spain. Morocco, Tunisia, Lebanon, Jordan, 4 m otorized In fan try brigades. 100 M iG -17 Fresco flghter-bom bers.
Saudi Arabia, and Israel. She provides. In ad 3 Independent tan k battalions. 200 M iG, Yak. and L-29 trainers.
d ition , a sign ifican t am ou n t o f m ilitary 50 Independent In fan try battalions. A b ou t 50 n -1 4 It and 20 An-12 med tpts.
equipm ent on a cash sales basis to m any 1 parachute battalion. 190 M l-1. M l4, M l-6. and M l-8 helicopters.
countries, n otab ly Spain, Israel, Iran , and 12 companies o f desert troops. A ir defence Is provided by 130 SAM sites,
Jordan. For gran t m ilita ry aid purposes T u r 5 Independent artillery battalions. each o f 6 SA-2, SA-3. and some S A -6 launch
key Is considered a forward defence area, and 5 AA battalions. ers; 20mm, 23mm, 37mm, 57mm, 85mm, and
Spain Is considered a base righ ts cou ntry un 3 engineer battalions. 100mm AA guns; a ll Integrated, through a
der a basing agreem ent concluded In August 100 T-34, 300 T 54/55 m ed tks; 50 AM X -13 w arning and com mand network, w ith 9 Air
1970. A naval facilities agreem ent was signed I t tks; 350 BTR-152 APC ; 85 SU-100 and Force squadrons o f M iG -2 IM F interceptors.
w ith Bahrain In late 1971. Com m unications 15 JSU-152 S P guns; 85mm guns; 122mm R eserves: about 20,000.
bases are m aintained In M orocco under In and 152mm how; 140mm and 240 m m P ara -M llltary Forces: about 100.000 N a
form al arrangements. R L ; 67mm, 85mm, and 100mm A A guns. tio n al Guard. Including Fro n tier Corps, De
B ritain has d efen ce com m itm ents to C y Reserves: 50,000. fence, and Security.
prus and Is responsible fo r th e defence o f N a vy: 3.500. IR A N
Gibraltar. A new seven-year agreem ent w ith 6 SO I submarine chasers. P op u la tion : 30,805,000.
M alta, signed on 26 M arch 1972, perm its B rit 2 fleet minesweepers. M ilitary service: 2 years.
a in to base forces on th e island fo r B ritish 1 coastal minesweeper. T ota l armed forces: 211.500.
and N A T O purposes. B ritain concluded 6 K om ar- and 3 Osa-class FP B w ith Styx E stim ated G N P 1972: $ 15.09 b illion .
treaties o f frien dsh ip w ith Bahrain, Qatar, SSM. D efence budget 1973: 136,340 m illio n rials
and th e United Arab Emirates in August 1971 12 P-45 torpedo boats. ( $2.010 m illio n ).
and Is also an im p ortant arms supplier fo r Reserves: 9.000. 76.6 r ia ls = $l July 1. 1972.
Iran , K uw ait, Bahrain, Qatar, U n ited Arab A ir F orce: 4,500; 206 com bat aircraft. 67.83 r ia ls = $l July 1. 1973.
Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Oman, and Jordan. 2 I t bom ber sqns w ith 30 11-28. A rm y: 160,000.
T h e P eoples R ep u b lic o f China has sup 2 Intercep tor sqns w ith 35 M iG-21. 3 arm oured divisions.
p lied arms to A lban ia and th e People's D em 1 F G A sqn w ith 20 Su-7. 2 In fan try divisions.
ocratic R epublic o f Yem en. 4 F G A sqns w ith 70 M IG-17. 4 indep bdes (2 in f, 1 AB, 1 special fo r c e ).
France has a p ilo t-tra in in g agreem ent w ith 2 F G A sqns w ith 25 M iG-15. 1 SAM b attalio n w ith H A W K .
M orocco and supplies arms to a num ber o f 2 C O IN sqns w ith 26 M agister. 60 C h ieftain , 400 M-47, and 460 M-60A1
countries, particu larly Libya. 1 transport sqn w ith 8 An-12 and 6 11-18. m ed tks; about 2,000 M-113, BTR-50, and
M U L T IL A T E R A L A G R E E M E N T S IN C L U D IN G 4 h el sqns w ith 4 M l-1, 42 M i-4, 6 Hughes B T R -6 0 APC; 130mm and 155mm guns; 75
EXTERNAL POW ERS 269a, and 5 SA-330. mm, 105mm, aud 155mm how; 40mm, 57mm,
T h e members o f the Central T rea ty O rga 1 SAM b a tta lio n w ith SA-2. and 85mm A A guns; SS-11, SS-12. T O W
n iza tio n (C E N T O ) are B ritain , Iran , P a k i Reserves: 3,000. A T G W ; H A W K SAM (740 C h ieftain tks; 155
stan, and Turkey, w ith the U nited States as P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 10,000 G endarm erie mm, 175mm S P guns and 203mm now on
an associate. A ll s it on th e M ilitary, Economic, w ith 50 A M L arm oured cars. o r d e r ).
and Counter-Subversion Com m ittees and on EGYPT A b ou t 30 I t ac, ln cl C-45 LI-8 , Cessna 185,
th e Perm an en t M ilitary Deputies Group. The P op u la tion : 35,700.000. 0 -2 A .
T rea ty provides fo r m utual co-operation fo r M ilita ry service: 3 years. 20 Huskle, 59 AB-206A, and 3 CH-47C hel
security and defence b u t has no central com T o ta l armed forces: 298,000. (46 AB-205A on o r d e r ).
m and structure n or forces allocated to It. For E stim ated G N P 1972: $7.5 billion. R eserves: 300,000.
th e local powers, th e econom ic organization D efen ce bu d get 1973-74: E 700 m illio n N a vy: 11,500.
o f R egion al Co-operation fo r D evelopm ent ($1,737 m illio n ). 3 destroyers.
(R C D ), which has evolved Independently out E 0.43= $1 1 Ju ly 1972. 4 friga tes w ith S eakiller SSM and Seacat
o f CENTO, could become m ore im portant. E 0.403 $ 1 1 July 1973. SAM .
A R R A N G E M E N T S W I T H I N T H E R E G IO N A rm y: 260,000. 4 corvettes (2 in re se rv e).
2 arm oured divisions. 10 patrol boats.
( B E T W E E N ARAB S T A T E S )
3 m echanized in fa n try divisions. 4 coastal minesweepers.
Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, 5 In fan try divisions. 2 Inshore minesweepers.
K u w a it, Lebanon, Libya, M orocco, Oman, 2 Independent arm oured brigades. 4 lan din g craft.
Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, SyTla. Tunisia, 2 independent in fa n try brigades. 8 SRN -6 and 2 BH-7 W ellin gto n h overcraft.
U n ited Arab Emirates, Yem en Arab Republic, 1 airborne brigade. 1 sqdn w ith 4 AB-205A, 6 AB-212, and 6
and the P eo p les D em ocratic R ep u b lic o f 1 parachute brigade. S H -3D hel.
Yem en are members o f the League o f Arab 6 artillery brigades. (6 P-3C O rion M R ac. 202 AH -1J hel, and
States. Am ong its subsidiary bodies are the 26 com m ando battalions. 4 B H -7 h overcraft on order.)
Arab D efence Council, set up in 1950, and 30 JS-3 h y tks; 1,650 T54/55, 100 T-62. A ir Force: 40.000; 159 com bat aircraft.
th e U n ified Arab Command, organized in and 100 T-34 med tks; 75 P T-7 6 It tks; 2,000 2 FB sqns w ith 64 F-4D/E w ith Sidewinder
1964. B TR-40. B TR -5 0 P, B TR -60P, OT-64, and and Sparrow AA M (70 m ore F-4E on o rd er).
D efence agreements were concluded by BTR-152 APC; about 150 SU-100 and JSU - 6 FB sqns w ith 80 F -5 A (141 F-5E on
E gyp t w ith Syria In Novem ber 1966 and Jor 152 S P guns; about 750 122mm, 130mm, and o rd e r).
dan in M ay 1967, to w hich Ira q later acceded. 152mm guns and how; 40 203mm how; about 1 recce sqn w ith 15 R T-33.
These arrangem ents provided fo r the estab 900 57mm, 85mm, and 100mm A T k guns: 1 med tp t sqn w ith 35 C-130E. (20 C-130H,
lishm en t o f a D efen ce Council and a J oin t Snapper A T G W ; 24 FR O G -3, some FR O G -7 4 F.28. and 6 B oeing 707-320C tankers on
Command. T h e loosely associated Eastern and 100 Sam let SSM; ZSU-23-4 and ZSU -57- order.)
F ro n t Command, com prising Ira q, Jordan, 2 SP A A guns; SA-7 Strela SAM. 2 It tp t sqdns w ith 12 FX27 and 6 DHC-2
th e Palestine L ib eration Arm y, and Syria, R eserves: about 500,000. Beaver.
was reorganized In December 1970 In to sep N a vy: 15,000 (In clu d in g coastgu ard ). 12 Huskle. 5 AB-206A, 5 AB-212. and 4
arate Jordanian and Syrian commands. Ira q 12 submarines (6 W - and 6 Rclass ex- CH-47C hel (287 UH-1H/214A Huey Plus on
and S yria concluded defence pacts in M ay S o v ie t). o rd e r).
1968 and July 1969. T h e Federation o f Arab 5 destroyers (In clu d in g 4 ex-S oviet Skory- R eserves: 15,000.
R epublics form ed by Libya, Syria, and class). P ara -M ilitary Forces: 70.000 G endarm erie
E gypt In A p ril 1971, provides fo r a com m on 4 escorts (e x -B r itis h ). w ith arm oured cars, lig h t aircraft, and h e li
d efen ce p olicy and a Federal D efence Coun 1 corvette (e x -S o v ie t). copters; one naval b attalio n w ith 40 patrol
cil. T h e proposed un ion between E gypt and 12 S O I subm arine chasers (e x -S o v ie t). boats.
Libya, announced In August 1972 and to be 10 fleet minesweepers. IR A Q
effective In Septem ber 1973, could, i f It takes 2 Inshore minesweepers.
P op u la tion : 10,142,000.
place, presum ably affect existin g defence ar 12 Osa- and 7 K om ar-class patrol boats M ilita ry service: 2 years.
rangements. w ith S tyx SSM. T o ta l armed forces: 101,800.
ALG ERIA 36 m otor torpedo boats (m ost less th an 100 Estim ated G N P 1972: $3.5 billion.
P op u la tio n : 16,700,000. to n s ). E s tim a te d d e fe n c e e x p e n d itu r e 1972: 102
M ilitary service: voluntary. 14 lan din g craft. million dinars ( $309 million).
T otal armed forces: 63.000. Reserves: about 14.000. 0.33 dinars $1 Ju ly 1, 1972.
E stim ated OKI- 1973: $5.5 b illion . A ir Force: 23.000; 620 com bat aircra ft (in 0.302 d in a r s $1 July 1, 1973.
C X IX 2580P a rt 31
40970 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
A rm y: 90.000.
X arm oured division o f 2 armd bdes and 1
m ech bde.
2 in f divs, each o f 1 mech and 3 In f bdes.
1 R epublican O uard mech bde.
2 special forces bdes.
900 T-54/55 and 90 T -34 med tks; 45 P T -
76. 30 M-24 It tks: about 1.300 APC. lncl 600
BTR-152; 700 75mm, 85mm, 100mm, 120mm,
130mm, and 152mm guns; 23mm, 37mm,
57mm, 85mm. 100mm AA guns.
Be serves: 250,000.
N a vy: 2.000.
3 SO I submarine chasers.
2 minesweepers.
3 Osa-class patrol boats w ith S tyx SSM.
12 P -6 torpedo boats.
10 p atrol boats (less than 100 t o n s ).
A ir Force: 9,800; 224 com bat aircraft.
1 bom ber sqn w ith 8 Tu-16.
3 figh ter-bom ber sqns w ith 60 Su-7.
2 FG A sqns w ith 36 Hunter.
5 in terceptor sqns w ith 90 M iG-21.
3 figh ter sqns w ith 30 M IG 17.
2 tp t sqns w ith 27 An-2, An-12, An-24,
11-14, Tu-124, and Heron.
35 M l-4, 29 M i-8, and 5 A lou ette i n hel.
SA-2 and S A-3 SAM.
Beserves: 18,000.
P a ra -M lllta ry Forces: 10,000 National
Guard, 4,800 security troops, and 4-5,000
others.
ISR AE L
P op u lation : 3,180,000.
M ilita ry service: m en 36 months, women
20 m onths (Jews and Druse only; M oslem
and Christian may v o lu n te e r). Annual train
in g fo r reservists th ereafter to age lim its.
T otal armed forces: 30.000 regular, 85.000
conscripts (m o b ilization to about 300,000 in
72 h o u rs ).
E stim ated G N P 1972: $6.85 billion.
D efence budget 1973-74 : 6,180 m illio n Is
raeli pounds ( $1,474 m illio n ).
4.25 Israeli p o u n d s = $1 1 July 1972
4.19 Israeli pounds $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 11,500 regular, 83,000 conscripts (In
cluding 12,000 w o m e n ); 275,000 on m o b ili
zation.
10 arm oured brigades (2 at fu ll strength;
1 a t about 50%; 7 a t cadre s tre n g th ).
9 m echanized brigades (4 a t about 50%
stren gth ; 5 a t cadre s tre n g th ).
9 In fan try brigades (3 at fu ll strength; 6 at
cadre s tr e n g th ).
5 parachute brigades (2 at fu ll strength; 3
a t cadre s tren gth ).
3 a rtille ry brigades.
A b ou t 1,700 med tks, lncl 400 M 48 (w ith
105mm gu n s), 250 Ben G urion (C en tu rion
w ith French 105mm g u n ), 600 Centurion, 200
Isherm an (w ith 105mm gu n ) and Super
Sherman, 100 T I-6 7 (T-54/55 w ith 105mm
g u n ), and some 150 M -60 med tks; about
3,000 AFV, lncl AM L-60, 15 AML-90, and some
Staghound armd cars; about 1,000 M -2 and
M -3 h alf-tracks, and 450 M-113 APCs; 350
105mm and 155mm, and some 175mm SP
how; 155mm how on Sherm an chassis; 900
120mm and 160mm m ortars on A M X chassis;
122mm guns and how; 130mm guns: 240mm
B L (captured e q u ip m e n t); about 50 90mm
SP A T k guns and 106mm Jeep-mounted re-
collless rifles; Cobra, and weapons-carrler-
m ounted SS-10/11 A T G W ; about 300 20mm,
30mm, and 40mm A A guns.
(T h e 280-mlle range MD-660 Jericho SSM
Is believed to be In production, b u t has n ot
yet been reported deployed operationally.)
Beserves: 180.000.
N avy: 3.500 regular, 1,000 conscripts; 5,000
on mobilization.
3 submarines (2 In reserve. 3 more on
o r d e r ).
1 destroyer (plus 1 aw aiting d isp o sa l).
X Reshef-class F P B (w ith G abriel S S M ).
12 Saar-class FPB (w ith G abriel S S M ).
9 m otor torpedo boats.
23 sm all patrol boats (less th an 100 to n s ).
9 landing c ra ft (3 less th an 100 to n s).
Naval com mandos: 300.
A ir Force: 15,000 regular, 1,000 conscripts;
20,000 on m obilization; 488 com bat aircraft.
12 V au tour lig h t bombers (In sto ra g e).
95 F-4E fighter-bom ber/lnterceptors.
35 M irage IIIB / C fighter-bom ber/lntercep-
tors (som e w ith B530 A A M ).
160 A-4E/H Skyhawk fighter-bom bers.
24 Barak fighters.
18 Super M ystere B.2 Interceptors.
6 BF-4E reconnaissance aircraft.
23 M ystere IV A figh ter bombers (In re
sere v e) .
30 Ouragan FB (used m ainly fo r tr a in in g ).
85 M agtster trainers (lim ite d F G A capabil
it y ) .
10 Straocruiser transports (ln c l 2 tan kers).
20 Noratlas, 10 C-47, 2 C-130E transports.
12 Super Frelon, 12 CH-53G, 20 AB-205A,
25 UH-1D Iroquois, and 5 A lou ette H h e li
copters.
10 SAM batteries w ith 60 H A W K .
P ara -M llltary Forces: 4,000 Border Guards
and 5.000 Nahal m ilitia.
JO RD AN
Pop u lation : 2,560,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 72,850.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $686 m illion.
D efence budget 1972: 42.9 m illio n dinars
( $119.2 m illio n ).
0.36 d ln a r = $ l 1 J uly 1972.
0.32 d in a r= $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 68,000.
2 arm oured divisions.
1 m echanized division.
2 In fan try divisions.
1 independent in fa n try brigade.
1 special forces battalion.
3 artillery regim ents.
200 M-47, M-48, and M-60 and 220 C entu
rion m ed tks; 130 Saladin arm d cars; 140 F er
re t scout cars; 280 M-113 and 120 Saracen
APC; 110 25-pdr, 50 105mm, and 155mm how;
10 155mm guns; 350 81mm mor; 200 M-42
40mm SP A A guns.
N a vy: 250.
8 sm all patrol craft.
A ir F orce: 4,600; 52 com bat aircraft.
2 FG A squadrons w ith 32 Hunter.
1 in terceptor squadron w ith 20 F-104A. (36
F-5E on order.)
4 C-47, 2 Dove, 2 Packet, and 1 Falcon tpts.
3 W h irlw in d and 6 Alou ette m helicopters.
Beserves: 20,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 22,000 : 7,000 Public
Security Force; 15,000 C ivil M llltla.
LEBANON
P op u la tion : 3,009,000.
M ilitary service: volu n tary (proposals have
been m ade to Introduce com pulsory m ilita ry
tr a in in g ).
T o ta l armed forces: 15,250.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.88 billion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1972:
L225 m illio n ( $75 m illio n ).
L3 = $1 I July X972.
L 2.38=$I 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 14,000.
1 In fan try brigade w ith 3 In fan try b at
talions, 1 tank battalion, X artillery battalion.
X ta n k battalion.
2 reconnaissance battalions.
X com m ando battalion.
6 In fan try battalions.
2 artillery battalions.
X A A battalion.
60 Charioteer med tks; 40 A M X -I3 and 20
M 41 l t tks; about 100 M-706, M-6. and AEC
Mk 3 armd cars; 20 M-113, some M59 APC;
6 75mm guns; 24 122mm, 20 155mm how; 80
81mm, 25 120mm mor; 15 M-42 40mm SP A A
guns.
N avy: 250.
1 patrol vessel.
4 sm all Inshore patrol craft.
1 lan d in g craft.
A ir Force: 1,000; 18 com bat aircraft.
I F G A sqn w ith 8 Hunter.
December 12, 1973
I Interceptor squadron w ith 10 M irage H ID
w ith B-530 AAM .
X hel sqn w ith 4 A lo u ette I I and 10 A l
ouette III .
Some French early warning/ground con
tro l radars.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 5,000 Gendarmerie.
L IB Y A
P op u la tion : 2,160,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed fo rce s : 25,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $4.59 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 43 m illio n Libyan
dinars ( $145 m illio n ).
0.33 Libyan d ln a r = $l 1 July 1972.
0.296 Libyan d ln a r = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 20,000.
1 arm oured brigade.
2 m echanized In fan try brigades.
1 National Guard brigade.
1 com mando battalion.
3 artillery battalions.
2 a n ti-a ircra ft artillery battalions.
6 Centurion M k 5. 200 T-54/55, and 15 T-34
m ed tks; 40 Saladin armed cars; Shorland
and Ferret scout cars; BTB-60, Saracen and
X70 M - II3 A I APC; 70 122mm, 75 105mm, and
30 155mm how; 300 V igila n t A T G W ; L40/70
Bofors A A guns.
5 AB-206. 7 OH-13, and 3 Alou ette I I I h eli
copters.
N avy: 2.000.
1 frigate.
1 corvette.
3 F P B each w ith 8 SS-12 (M ) SSM.
2 inshore minesweepers.
8 patrol craft.
1 logistics support ship.
A ir Force: 3,000; 44 com bat aircraft.
1 interceptor squadron w ith 9 F-5A.
2 figh ter squadrons w ith 35 M irage IIIB /E .
8 C-130E and 9 C-47 m edium transports.
3 T-33 trainers.
2 AB-206, 3 OH-13, 10 Alou ette in, and 9
Super F relon helicopters.
(A b ou t 65 o f a to tal order o f 110 M irage
H IB /E /R and V have been delivered.)
M OROCCO
P op u lation : 16,300,000.
M ilitary service: 18 months.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 56,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $4.46 b illion .
D efence budget 1972: 568 m illio n dirham
( $123.5 m illio n ).
4.6 dirh am = $1 1 July 1972.
3.9 dirham = $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 50,000.
1 arm oured brigade.
3 m otorized In fan try brigades.
1 lig h t security brigade.
1 parachute brigade.
9 independent in fa n try battalions.
1 R oyal Guards battalion.
5 camel corps battalions.
3 desert cavalry battalions.
5 artillery groups.
2 engineer battalions.
120 T -54 med tks; 120 AM X -13 lt tks; 36
EBB-75, 50 AML-245, and M -8 armd cars; 40
M -3 h alf-tra ck and 95 Czech APC; 25 S U -
100, AMX-105. and 50 M-56 90mm S P guns;
100 76 mm. 85mm, and 105mm guns; 75mm
and 105 mm how; 82mm and 120mm mortars;
50 37mm and 100mm A A guns; 3 Alouette
in hel.
D eploym en t: Syria: armed bde elements.
N a vy: 2,000 (In clu d in g 500 m arin es).
1 frigate.
2 coastal escorts.
1 patrol boat.
12 p atrol boats (less than 100 to n s ).
1 landing craft.
A ir Force: 4.000; 48 com bat aircraft.
2 interceptor sqns w ith 20 F -5 A and 4 F
5B.
2 F G A sqns w ith 24 M aglster.
2 transport sqns w ith 10 C-47 and 11 C-119.
35 T -6 and 25 T -28 trainers.
12 AB-205A, 4 HH-43B, and 4 Alou ette H I
hel.
 December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
(12 M iG -17 flghter-bom bers are In stor
age.)
Para -M ilitary Forces: 23.000; 8.000 G en
darm erie. inclu din g 2 m obile security b a t
talions; 15,000 Auxiliaries.
OM AN
Pop u lation : 710,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T otal armed forces: 9.600 (in clu d in g some
600 expatriate personnel o f several n ation a li
ties servUig on contract or on s eco n d m en t).
Defence bu d get 1973 : 25.5 m illio n rial saidt
( $77.5 m illio n ).
0.413 rial s a ld l= $l 1 July 1972.
0.329 rial s a ld l= $ l 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 9,000.
4 In fan try battalions.
1 fro n tier force battalion.
1 arm oured cavalry squadron.
1 artillery regim ent.
Salad in armoured cars; 75mm pack how;
25-pdr and 5.5 Inch guns.
N avy: 200.
1 fast patrol boat (2 m ore to be delivered
In 1973).
3 armed m otorized dhows.
1 patrol vessel (y a c h t).
A ir F orce: 400 (In clu d in g 160 contract p er
sonnel) ; 12 com bat aircraft.
1 F G A squadron w ith 12 BAC-167.
1 a ir support squadron w ith 3 Caribou and
10 Skyvan (2 m ore Skyvan on o rd er).
1 h el sqn w ith 8 AB-205 and 4 AB-206A (3
m ore AB-205A on loan fro m I r a n ) .
1 transport flig h t w ith 3 Viscount.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 2,000; ab ou t 900 gen
darm erie; about 1,000 irregulars.
S A U D I AR AB IA
P op u lation : 8,400,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed fo rce s : 42,500.
Estim atod G N P 1972: $5.2 billion.
D efence budget 1973-74: saudl rivals 3,990
m illio n ($1,090 m in io n ).
4.2 rlyals = $1 1 July 1972.
3.66 r ly a ls = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 36,000.
4 In fan try brigades.
1 arm oured battalion.
1 reconnalsance battalion.
1 parachute battalion.
1 R oyal G uard battalion.
3 artillery battalions.
3 A A battalions.
10 SAM batteries w ith H A W K .
25 M-47 med tks: 60 M-41 it tks; 200
AM L-60 and AML-90, some Staghound and
G reyhound armd cars; Ferret scout cars: field
guns; A A guns; H A W K SAM. (30 AM X -30
tks on order.)
D eploym en t: 4.000 in Jordan.
N avy: 1.000.
2 torpedo boats.
1 m otor gunboat.
2 u tility craft.
9 patrol boats (coa stgu a rd ).
8 S R N -6 h overcraft (c oa stgu a rd ).
A ir Force: 5,500; 70 com bat aircraft.
2 FB sqns w ith 15 F-86F (140 F -5 and 30
F-4 on o rd er).
2 F G A sqns w ith 20 BAC-167 (10 m ore
on o r d e r ).
2 Interceptor sqns w ith 35 F-52/F-53
Ligh tn in g.
2 tp t sqns w ith 10 C-130 and 2 C-140B (4
C-130E on o r d e r ).
2 hel sqns w ith 1 Alou ette I I I , 1 AB-204, 8
AB-205. and 20 AB-206.
1 T-33 trainer, 1 Cessna 310K, and 6 1720
I t ac.
37 Th u n derb lrd M k 1 SAM.
P a ra -M lllta ry Forces: 3,500 National Guard
(fo rm erly know n as the 'W h ite A rm y ) , o r
ganized Into regular and sem i-regular b a t
talions; 6,500 Coastguard and Fron tier
r Force.
SUDAN
Population: 17,000,000.
M ilita ry service: volu n tary.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 38.000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.9 billion.
Defence budget 1971-72: Sudan 50 m il
lio n ($143 m illio n ).
Sudan 0.35=$1 1 July 1971.
Sudan 0.35= $1 1 July 1972.
A rm y: 37,000.
1 arm oured brigade.
7 In fan try brigades.
1 parachute brigade.
3 a rtille ry regim ents.
3 a ir defence artillery regim ents.
1 engineer regim ent.
20 T-34 85, 60 T-54, 50 T-55. and some
T -59 m ed tks; 16 T-62 It tks (C h in ese); 50
Salad in and 45 Com m ando arm d cars; 60
Ferret scout cars; 50 B TR -50 and 50 B T R -
152, 49 Saracen, and 60 OT-64 APC; 55 25-
pounder, 40 105mm, and some 122mm guns
and how; 30 120mm mortars; some 85mm
A T k guns; 80 Bofors 40mm and some Soviet
37mm and 85mm A A guns.
N a vy: 600.
6 Coastal patrol boats and 2 landing craft
(e x -Y u g o s la v ).
A ir Force: 1,000; 50 com bat aircraft.
20 M iG-21 Interceptors.
17 M iG -17 flghter-bom bers (ex-C h in ese).
5 BAC-145 M k 5 and 8 Jet Provost M k 52
lig h t attack aircraft.
3 Pem broke and 5 An-24 transports.
10 M i-8 helicopters.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 5.000 : 500 N ation al
Guard; 4,500 Border Guard.
S Y R IA
P op u la tio n : 6,775,000.
M ilita ry service: 30 months.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 132,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.93 billion.
Defence budget 1973: Syr 800 m illion
($216 m illio n ).
Syrian 4 .3 2 = $1 1 July 1972.
Syrian 3.71=$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 120,000.
2 arm oured divisions.
3 in fa n try divisions.
1 arm oured brigade.
1 m echanized brigade.
1 In fan try brigade.
2 com m ando brigades.
1 reconnaissance battalion.
3 parachute battalions.
7 artillery regim ents.
12 SAM batteries wlh SA-2 and SA-3.
A bout 30 JS-3 h y tks; 240 T-34 and 900
T-54/55 med tks; 100 P T-76 It tks; 75 S U -
100 SP guns; 1.000 BTR-50/60, BTR-152 APC;
122mm, 130mm, and 152mm guns; A T G W ;
37mm, 57mm, 85mm. and 100mm A A guns;
S A-2, SA-3, and S A -7 Strela SAM.
R eserves: 200,000.
N avy: 2,000.
3 minesweepers (ex-S o viet T-43 class).
2 submarine chasers (ex-F ren ch C H -class).
2 coastal patrol vessels.
6 K om ar- and Osa-class FPB w ith Styx
SSM.
12 m otor torpedo boats (less th an 100
to n s ).
(1 destroyer, 2 submarines, and some to r
pedo and patrol boats to be delivered.)
Reserves: 3,500.
A ir Force: 10,000 men; 326 com bt aircraft.
Some 11-28 It bombers.
80 M IG 17 day fighter/ground attack a ir
craft.
30 Su-7 flghter-bom bers (som e in sto ra g e).
200 M IG 21 Interceptors (som e In sto rage).
8 11-14 and 3 C-47 transports.
A b ou t 50 hel, Including 4 M l-1, 8 M l-4, and
22 M i-8.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 9,500 : 8,000 G en
darm erie; 1,500 Desert Guard (F ro n tie r
F o rc e ).
T U N IS IA
P op u lation : 5,500.000.
M ilitary service; 1 year (s e le c tiv e ).
T o ta l armed forces: 24.000.
40971
E stim ated G N P 1972: $2.08 billion.
Defence budget 1972: 13.8 m illion dinars.
($28.7 m illio n ).
0.48 d tn a rs = $ l 1 July 1972.
0.386 d in ars=$ 1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 20.000.
1 arm oured battalion.
5 In fan try battalions.
1 com m ando battalion.
1 Sahara battalion.
1 artillery battalion.
1 engineer battalion.
A b ou t 30 AM X -13 and 20 M-41 It tks; 20
Saladln and some M -8 armd cars; 10 105mm
S P and 10 155mm guns; 60mm and 81mm
m ortars; 40mm Bofors A A guns.
N avy: 2.000.
1 corvette.
3 coastal escorts.
4 patrol boats w ith SS-12 (M ) SSM.
8 patrol boats (less th an 100 to n ).
A ir Force: 2,000; 12 com bat aircraft.
1 flgh ter sqn w ith 12 F-86.
3 F la m a n t lig h t transports.
8 MB-326, 12 T -6 , and 12 SAAB 91D tra in
ers.
6 A lo u e tte 11 and 8 A lo u e tte I I I hel.
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 10,000: 5,000 G endar
m erie organized in 6 battalions; 5,000 N a
tion al Guard.
Y E M E N ARAB R E PU B LIC (N O R T H )
P op u lation : 7,000.000.
M ilita ry service: 3 years.
T o ta l regular forces: 20.900.
E stim ated G N P 1970: $460 m illion.
E stim ated defence expenditure 1970: 16.3
m illio n r ly a ls = $ l 1 July 1970.
1.25 rlyal = $l 1 July 1970.
A rm y: 20,000.
6 In fan try brigades.
1 parachute brigade.
1 com m ando brigade.
2 arm oured battalions.
1 R epublican Guard battalion.
2 a rtille ry battalions.
1 A A battalion.
30 T-34 m ed tks; 70 B TR -10 APC : 50 76
m m guns; 50 SU-100 S P guns; 100 A A guns.
N a vy: 300.
6 P -4 class FPB (e x -S o v ie t).
2 lan din g craft.
A ir Force: 600; 28 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter sqn w ith 12 M iG-17.
1 lig h t bom ber sqn w ith 16 n-28.
1 tp t sqn w ith C-47, 11-14.
1 h el sqn w ith M l-4.
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 20,000 tribal levies.
YEM EN P E O P L E 'S D EM O CRATIC R E PU B LIC
(S O U T H )
P op u lation : 1,560,000.
M ilitary service: conscription, term u n
known.
T o ta l armed forces: 9,500.
Estim ated G N P 1970: $140 m illion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971: 6.5
m illio n South Y em en i dinar ($15.5 m illio n ).
S Y D 0.417=$1 1 July 1970.
S YD 0.417=$1 1 July 1971.
A rm y: 8.800.
6 In fan try brigades, each o f 3 battalions.
1 arm oured battalion.
1 artillery brigade.
1 signals unit.
1 train in g battalion.
50 T-34, T -5 4 m ed tks; some artillery.
N a vy: 200 (subordinate to A r m y ).
2 submarine chasers (ex-S o viet S O I-class).
2 minesweepers.
3 lan d in g c ra ft ( m e d iu m ).
A ir Force: 500; about 20 com bat aircraft.
1 flgh ter-bom ber sqn w ith 15 M iG-17.
1 C O IN sqn w ith 4 BAC-167 and 8 J e t
Provost.
1 tp t sqn w ith 4 C-47 and 4 DHC Beaver.
1 h el sqn w ith 6 B ell 47G.
(12 M iG-21 on order.)
40972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE December 12, 1973
ARMEO FORCES OF OTHER MIDDLE EAST STATES

Estimated Estimated Total Army

population GNP armed Navy, manpower and Air Force, manpower and
County thousands millions forces Manpower and formations Equipment equipment equipment

Bahrain ^ 233 0) 1.100 1. 100; 1 inf bn; 1 armd car 8 Saladin armd cars; 8 Some patrol launches Some hel (police).
sqn Ferret scout cars; 6 (police).
Mobat ATk guns; 6 #81

Kuwait 957 $3,650 10,000 8, 000; 1 armd bde; 2 com 50 Vickers and 50 Centurion 200 (Coastguard) 8 patrol 2,00012 Lightning; 8 Hunter;
posite bdes; (armd/inf/< med tks; 250 Saladin boats (under 50 tons); 2 10 BAC-167; 4 Jet Provost;
arty); 1,500 para-military Saracen and Ferret armd landing craft 2 med and 3 It tpts; 5 AB-
cars; 10 25-pdr guns; 20 205 hel.
Qatar 89 280 (1971) 2,200 1.600; 1 Guards inf regt; 1 30 Saladin, 8 Saracen armd 4 armed launches 4 Hunter; Tigercat SAM.
mobile regt cars: 10 Ferret scout cars;
4 25-pdr guns; 81mm
mortars.

Abu Dhabi 48.4 24.2 (1971) 8,000 7,500; 1 armd regt; 2 inf 75 Saladin armd cars: 15 150; 9 patrol craft (under 350: 12 Hunter FGA; 6 tpts;
bns; 1 arty regt Ferret scout cars; 25-pdr 50 tons). 8 hd.
guns; Vigilant ATGW.
Dubai 59 (1) 1.000 1 armd car sqn; 3 inf sqns.. Some Saiadin/Terret armd 2 AB-206 hel.
cars, 81mm mortars.
Ras Al Khaimah 24.4 (1) 300 Mobile force . 6 Ferret scout cars; 81mm 4 powered dinghies
mortars.
32 (1) 250 Inf coy armd car platoon.. . . 6 Land Rovers
Union Defence Force 1.600 5 squadrons . Land Rovers; 81mm mor- 2 dhows (6 patrol boats on
tors. order).

1 Not available.

S u b - S a h a r a n A f r ic a T o ta l armed forces: 44,570. 2 inshore minesweepers.

M U L T IL A T R R A I. AG R E E M E N TS Estim ated G N P 1972: U S 2.07 billion. 2 seaward defence vessels.
Defence budget 1971-72: $E 93 m illio n : 3 P-20 class (S o v ie t-b u ilt) patrol boats
T h e O rgan ization o f A frican U n ity (O A U ), ($US 40.5 m illio n ). (less than 100 t o n s ).
constituted In M ay 1963, Includes all In ter $E 2.5=91 1 July 1971. (T h ere is a substantial shortage o f spares
n ation ally recognized Independent A frican $E 2.3=91 1 July 1972. fo r all naval c ra ft.)
states except South Africa. I t has a Defence A rm y: 40,940. A ir Force: 1,600; 6 com bat aircraft.
Commission responsible fo r defence and 4 In fan try divisions o f 8,000 men each (In cl 1 figh ter sqn w ith 6 MB-326.
security co-operation, and the defence o f the Im p erial G u a rd ). 1 transport squadron w ith 7 Otter.
sovereignty, territorial in tegrity, and inde 1 tank battalion. 1 transport squadron w ith 8 Caribou and 3
pendence o f its members, b u t th is has rarely 1 airborne In fan try battalion. Heron.
met. 4 armoured car squadrons. 1 c o m a s and liaison squadron w ith 11
T h ere Is a regional defence pact between 4 artillery battalions. Beaver.
Prance, Congo (B ra zz a v ille ), the Central 5 air defence batteries. 1 hel sqn w ith 5 W h irlw in d, 2 Wessex, 3
A frican Republic, and Chad, and a five-party 2 engineer battalions. Sikorsky H-19, and 3 Hughes 269A.
defence agreem ent between France, D aho 50 M 41 med tks; 20 M-24 It tks; about 40 9 Chipm unk trainers.
mey. Iv o ry Coast. Niger, and Upper V olta APC; 30 M-9, M-20, and 66 AM L-245 armd Para -M llltary Forces: 3,000; 3 Border Guard
which has set up the Conseil de defense de cars; 146 M-30 4.2-Inch mortars: 36 75mm bns.
I A friq u e iq u a toria le. pack how; 52 105mm, 12 155mm guns; 6 Bell N IG E R IA
BILA TE R A L A G REEM EN TS U H -1H hel. P op u lation : 59,400,000.
T h e U nited States has varyin g types of N avy: 1,380. M ilitary service: voluntary.
security assistance agreem ents and provides 1 coastal minesweeper. T o ta l armed forces: 157,000.
sign ifican t m ilitary aid on eith er a gran t or 1 train in g ship (ex-seaplane ten d er), Estim ated G N P 1972: $7.6 billion.
cred it basis to E th iopia and Zaire. For grant 5 patrol boats. Defense budget 1971-72: N 87 m illio n :
m ilita ry assistance purposes, Ethiopia, where 4 harbour defence c ra ft (less than 100 (0242 m illio n ).
th e U nited States has a large com m unica to n s ). N 0.36 equal $1 1 July 1971.
tions centre, is considered a base rights 4 landing c ra ft (less than 100 to n s ). N 0.33 equal $1 1 July 1972.
country. A ir Force: 2,250; 37 com bat aircraft. A rm y: 150,000.
Thou gh th e S oviet Union Is n o t know n to 1 bom ber squadron w ith 4 Canberra B 2. 3 In fan try divisions, including 3 reconnais
h ave defence agreem ents w ith countries in 1 flghter-bom ber squadron w ith 12 F-86F. sance regim ents, 3 artillery regiments, and
th e area. Soviet m ilitary assistance has been 1 C O IN squadron w ith 6 T-28A. support units.
given to Guinea, M all, M auritania, Nigeria, 1 figh ter squadron w ith 15 F-5A. Saladln and 20 AML-60/90 armd cars; Fer
and th e Som ali Republic. 1 tp t sqn w ith 6 C-47. 2 C-54, 5 C-119G, re t scout cats; Saracen APC; 25-pdr, 76mm,
China has a m ilita ry assistance agreem ent and 3 Dove. 105mm, and 122 m m guns.
w ith Congo (B ra zzaville) and may have fo r 3 trg sqns w ith 20 Safir, 15 T-28A, and 11 Reserves: 100,000.
m al arrangem ents covering m ilitary assist T-33A. N avy: 3,000.
ance and train in g w ith Tanzania. 5 Alou ette I I , 2 M i-6, 2 M i-8, and 5 A B - 1 ASW frigate.
Britain m aintains defence agreements 204B helicopters. 2 corvettes.
w ith K en ya and M auritius, and an agree P ara -M ilitary Forces: 20,400. T errito ria l 5 seaward defence boats.
m en t w ith South A fric a covering the use o f Arm y active strength, 9,200; m obile em erg 1 landing craft.
th e Slm onstow n naval base. France has d e ency police force 6,800; fro n tier guards 1,200; Reserves: 2,000.
fence agreem ents w ith Cameroon, Gabon, com mando force 3,200. A ir F o rce: 4,000; 38 com bat aircraft.
Malagasy Republic. Senegal, and Togo: tech GHANA 11-28 m edium bombers.
nical m ilita ry assistance agreem ents w ith Pop u lation : 9,086,000. 2 M iG -17 flghter-bom bers.
Cameroon, th e Central A frican Republic, M ilitary service: voluntary. 10 L-29 D elfin and 10 P-140D armed train
Chad, Congo (B ra zz a v ille ), Dahomey. G ab T o ta l armed forces: 18,900. ers.
on, Iv o ry Coast, Malagasy Republic. M auri Estim ated G N P 1972: $2.97 b illion. 2 M iG-15 U T I trainers (20 Bulldog on
tania. Niger, Senegal, Togo, and Upper V o l Defence budget 1971-72: 39.5 m illio n cedi o r d e r ).
ta; and m utual facilities agreements with ($30.4 m illio n ). 6 C-47, 6 Fokker Friendship med tpts;
Dahomey, Gabon, Iv o ry Coast, M auritania, 1.02 cedi equal $1 1 July 1971. 20 Do-27/28 comms aircraft.
and Niger. 1.3 cedi equal $1 1 July 1972. 8 W h irlw in d and A lou ette I I hel.
Portu gal d irectly assures th e defence of A rm y: 16.000. R H O D ESIA
Angola. M ozam bique, and Portuguese G u in 2 brigades com prising 7 In f bns and sup P op u lation : 5,900,000 (260,000 w h ite popu
ea, and Spain o f Spanish Sahara, Ceuta, and port units. la tio n .)
M ellila. A ll o f these are adm in istratively re 1 m ortar regt. M ilitary service: 12 m onths (w h ite popula
garded as overseas provinces except Ceuta 2 reconnaissance squadrons. tio n ) .
and M ellila, which are treated as Integral Saladln armd cars; Ferett scout cars; 76mm T otal armed forces: 4,700.
parts o f Spain. guns; heavy mortars. Estim ated G N P 1972: $US 1.57 b illion .
E T H IO P IA N avy: 1,300. Defense budget 1972-73: $R 25,917,000:
Population : 26.500.000. 2 corvettes. ($US 32 m illio n ).
M ilitary service: voluntary. 1 coastal minesweeper. $R 0.81=$1 1 July 1972.
December 12, 1973
$R 0.672=$ 1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 3,500 R egular: 10,000 T errito ria l
Force.
2 In fan try battalions (o n e has Ferret scout
cars).
2 Special A ir Service squadrons.
1 artillery battery.
1 engineer squadron.
20 Ferret scout cars: 25-pdr gun/how,
Model 56 105mm pack how.
There Is an establishm ent fo r th ree b ri
gades. tw o based on regular in fa n try b a tta l
ions. which w ould be brought up to strength
by m o b ilizin g the T erritorial Force.
A ir Force: 1,200: 45 com bat aircraft.
1 lig h t bom ber sqn w ith 10 Canberra B-2.
1 F G A sqn w ith 12 H unter FG A -9.
1 F G A sqn w ith 11 Vam pire FB-9.
1 recce sqn w ith 12 T -52 Jet Provost.
1 C O IN sqn w ith 7 AL-60F5 and 7 AM-3C.
1 transport sqn w ith 4 C-47 and 1 Beech
55 Baron.
3 Canberra T -4 trainers.
1 helicopter sqn w ith 8 A lo u ette m .
Reserves: 10,000 T errito rial Force.
T h e w h ite population com pleting conscript
service Is assigned fo r three years' p art-tim e
train in g to territorial units, which Include
active territorial battalions based o n th e
cities and reserve territorial battalions based
on cou n try districts.
Arm y Reserves: eigh t In fan try battalions,
one field artillery regim ent, and one engineer
squadron.
Ground personnel servicing regular A ir
Force un its are reservists or non-w h ite
civilians.
Para -M llltary Forces: T h e B ritish South
A frican P olice (B S A P ) 8,000 active; 35,000
reservists. T h e w h ite population form s on ly
ab ou t a th ird o f th e active strength but
nearly three-quarters o f the P olice Reserves.
S O M A L I D EM O C R ATIC R E PU B LIC
P op u la tio n : 3,000,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 17,300.
Estim ated G N P 1970: $182 m illion .
Defence budget 1971: 81.3 m illio n shillings:
( $11.4 m illio n ).
7.14 Som ali shillin gs $1 1 July 1970.
7.14 S om ali shillings- $1 1 July 1971.
A rm y: 15,000.
4 tan k battalions.
9 m echanized In fan try battalions.
1 com m ando battalion.
2 field arty battalions.
5 A A arty battalions.
A b o u t 150 T -34 med tks: 60 BTR-40 and
250 BTR-152 APC: 76mm and 100mm guns;
122 mm how; 14.5 mm, 37mm, and 100mm
A A guns. (Spares are short and n ot a ll equ ip
m en t Is serviceable.)
N avy: 300.
4 P -6 and 6 P -4 M TB (e x - S o v ie t).
(Spares are short and not all equipm en t Is
serviceable.)
A ir Force: 2,000; 21 com bat aircraft.
Some n -2 8 lig h t bombers.
2 M IG-15 and 19 M IG -17 fighters.
T p ts Include 1 C-45, 3 C-47. 3 An-2, and 1
An-24, 2 MIG-15/17, 10 P laggio P-148, and
Y a k trainers.
; Spares are short and not all equipm ent Is
serviceable.)
P a ra -M lllta ry Forces: 3.500; 500 border
guards; 3,000 People's M llltla.
Estimated Estimated
population GNP
Country (thousands) (millions)
Cameron 6.182 1.357
(1972)
Chad 3,980 195.3
(1971)
Congo 1,000 194
(1971)
See footnotes at end of table.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
SO U TH AFRICA
P op u lation : 23,000,000 (4,000,000 w h ite
p o p u la tio n ).
M ilitary service: 9-12 m onths in C itizen
Force.
T o ta l armed forces: 18,000 regular; 92,000
C itizen Force.
Estimated G N P 1972: $21.4 billion.
Defence b u d get: 1073-74 : 481 m illio n
ra n d : ($716 m illio n ).
0.81 ra n d = $ l 1 J uly 1972.
100 Centurion Mark 5, 20 Com et med tks;
800 AM L-60 and AM D-90 and 50 M -3 armed
0.672 ra n d = $ l 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 10,000 regular,
cars; 50 Ferret scout cars: 250 Saracen APC.
3 batteries o f Cactus (C ro fa le ) short-range
SAM system may now be operational.
Reserves: 80,000 C itizen Force, In 9 te rri
to ria l commands.
N avy: 2,500 regular.
3 submarines.
2 destroyers w ith Wasp ASW helicopters.
6 ASW frigates (3 w ith Wasp ASW h e li
copters) .
1 escort minesweeper.
10 coastal minesweepers.
5 seaward defence boats.
1 fleet replenishm ent tanker.
Reserves: 9,000 train ed reserves In C itizen
Force (w ith 2 frigates and 7 m inesweep
e r s ).
A ir Force: 5.500 regular; 100 com bat a ir
craft.
1 bomber sqn w ith 6 Canberra B ( l ) M k 12,
3 T M k 4.
1 lt bomber sqn w ith 13 Buccaneer S Mk
50.
1 figh ter skn w ith 18 CL-13B Sabre Mk 6
(b ein g replaced by M ir a g e ).
1 fighter sqn w ith 16 M irage H IE Z and 4
IIID Z .
1 fighter/recce sqn w ith 16 M irage IIIC Z , 4
IIIB Z , and 4 IIIR Z .
2 M R sqns w ith 7 Shackleton MR3. 9 Plag-
glo P-166S Albatross (9 more P-166S on o r
d e r).
4 tp t sqns w ith 7 C-130B, 9 Transall C -
160Z. 23 C-47. 5 C -5 4 ,1 Viscount 781 medium,
and 4 HS-125 Mercurlus.
4 hel sqns: tw o w ith 20 A lou ette I I I each:
one w ith 20 SA-330 Puma; one w ith 15 S A -
321L Super Frelon. One flig h t o f 5 Wasp
( naval -assigned).
1 l t ac sqn (arm y-assigned) w ith Cessna
185A/D and A185E (A M -3 C wUl re p la c e ).
Trainers ln cl Harvard; MB-326M Im p ala
(som e arm ed In a C O IN role; Vam pire FB
Mk 6, M k 9, T M k 55; C-47 and A lou ette
u/ni.
Reserves: 3,000 A ctive C itizen Force.
7 sqns w ith 20 Im pala, 100 Harvard IIA ,
H I, T 6G (T e x a n ); 20 Cessna 185A/D, A185E.
12 A ir K om m ando sqns (p riva te a irc ra ft).
P ara-M llltary Forces: 75.000 Kom m andos
organized and trained as a Hom e Guard.
T A N Z A N IA
Pop u lation : 14,380,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T otal armed forces: 11,600.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.51 billion.
D efence budget 1973: 361 m illio n sh illin gs:
($51.4 m illio n ).
7.1 shill ln g s = $ l 1 July 1972.
7.02 sh illin gs=$ 1 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 10,000.
3 in fa n try battalions.
ARMED FORCES OF OTHER AFRICAN STATES >
Total Army
armed
forces Manpower and formations Equipment
4, 450 4,000 ; 4 inf bns; 1 armd 8 Ferret scout cars; 57mm, 200 ; 3 patrol boats (less 250 ; 3 C-47 med tpts and
car sqn; 1 para coy en 75mm and 105mm guns;
gineer and support coys. some mortars.
3,700 3,500; 4 inf bns; 1 para coy 60mm and 81mm mortars..
camel csrps.
2.300 2, 000; 1 inf bn; a para-cdo BTR-152 APC; mortars.. . . 150 small patrol boats
bn; 1 recce sqn 1 arty
group.
40973
20 Chinese T-59 med tks; 14 Chinese T-62
l t tks; some B TR -40 and -152 APC; Chinese
mortars; 6 ex-S oviet 76 m m guns; 8 122mm
how.
(Spares are short and n ot all equipm ent
Is serviceable.)
N a vy: 600.
6 patrol boats (ex-Chinese P-6 and Swa-
to w -c la s s ).
A ir Force: 1.000; no com bat aircraft.
1 An-2, and 12 DHC-4 Caribou transports.
7 P laggio P-149D trainers.
(1 sqn o f 12 M iG-17 to be delivered in
1973.)
P ara -M llltary Forces: A police m arine unit.
U G AND A
P op u la tion : 10,750,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 12.600.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.44 billion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971-73:
187.255,000 shillings ($26.4 m illio n ).
7.1 s h illin gs=$ 1 I July 1972.
7.02 shill ln g s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 12.000.
2 brigades each o f 3 In fan try battalions.
1 border guard battalion.
1 m echanized battalion.
2 parachute/com m ando battalions.
1 artillery regim ent.
12 M -4 med tanks; 15 Ferret scout cars;
20 BTR-40. BTR-152. 36 OT-64B APC (p e r
haps h a lf are o p e ra tio n a l).
A ir Force: 600; 21 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter squadron w ith 7 M iG-15 and
M iG-17.
14 M agister armed trainers.
1 Caribou tran sport: P-149D and 12
L-29 D elfin trainers; 10 P iper lig h t aircraft.
2 AB-206 and 2 Scout helicopters.
Z A IR E R E PU B LIC
P op u lation : 24,400,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 50,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $2.3 billion.
E stim ated d efen ce expenditu re 1970 : 42
m illio n zaires ($84 m illio n ):
0.5 za ires=$ 1 1 July 1970.
0.5 z a lr e s = $l 1 July 1972.
A rm y: 49,000.
1 armoured car regim ent.
1 m echanized battalion.
14 in fa n try battalions.
7 parachute battalions.
4 oth er battalions.
T h e above, togeth er w ith support units,
fo rm 1 parachute d ivision and 7 brigade
groups.
60 A M L armed cars; M-3 and 30 Ferret
scout cars (less th an h a lf o p e ra tin a l).
Coast, R iver, and Lake Guard: 200.
1 river boat.
1 patrol boat.
6 patrol craft.
A ir Force: 800; 28 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter w in g w ith 15 MB-326GB, 8 A T -
6G, and 5 T-28 armed trainers.
1 logistics w in g w ith 9 C-47, 4 C-54, 3 C-
130, and som e Caribou transports.
1 train in g w in g w ith 8 T -6 and 12 S F-
260MC (12 more SF-260MC on o rd er).
1 helicopter sqn w ith 7 Bell 4 7 -0 , 8 A lou
e tte I I I . and 7 SA-330 P um a (23 Pum a being
d elivered ).
P ara -M llltary Forces: 8 N ation al Guard
and 6 Genarm erie battalions.
Para
Navy, manpower and Air Force, manpower and military
equipment equipment forces
5.000
than 100 tons) 4 It tpts; 2 Alouette II
hel
200 ; 3 C-47 med tpts and 4,000
3 It tpts; 1 Alouette II
hd.
150; 2 C-47, 2 AN-24 med 4,800
tpts; 3 It tpts; 2 hel.
40974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE December 12, 197S
ARMED FORCES OF OTHER AFRICAN STATES '-Continued

Estimated Estimated Total Army Para

population GNP armed - Navy, manpower and Air Force, manpower and military
Country (thousands) (millions) forces Manpower and formations Equipment equipment equipment forces

Dahomey 2,900 218 2 ,250 2, 100; 2 inf bns; 1 para-cdo Some armed cars and APC; 150:1 C-47 med tpt and 3 It 1,200
(1971) coy; 1 recce sqn; 1 arty 60mrn and 81 mm mor tpts; 1 Alouette II hel.
bty. tars; 105mm guns.
Guinea. 4,188 717 6,000 5,000; 1 armd bn; 4 inf bns; 20 T-34 med tks; 20 BTR- 200; 6 P-6 MTB; 2 patrol 800 ; 8 MiG-17: 4 An-14. 2 7.700
(1971) 3 engr coys. 152 APC; 85mm and 105 boats; 2 small landing 11-18 and 4 ll-U tpts; 7
mm guns. craft Yak-18. L-29 MiG-15
Invory Coast 4. $35 2,000 3,500 3,100; 3 inf bns; 1 armd 5 AMX-13 It tks; 10 It armd 100; 2 motor gunboats; 2 300; 2 C-47 med tpts; 9 It 3,000
(1972) sqn; 1 para coy; 2 arty cars; scoot cars; 105mm landing craft (all less tpts; 4 Alouette 11/111 and
btys. guns; 40mm AA guns. than 100 tons).
Kenya 12,430 1.880 6,730 6,000; 4 inf bns; 1 support Safadin armd cars; 20 250; 4 patrol craft 480; 6 BAC-167; 5 Bulldog 1,800
(1972) bn with para coy. Ferret; 120mm recoilless armed trainers; 10
rifles; 81mm and 120mm Beaver It tpts; 2 Bell 47G
mort.irs hel.
Liberia 1.675 436 5,150 5.000; 1 recce unit; 5 inf M-3A1 scout cars; some 150; 2 motor gunboats; 2 5 It tpt ac 1,300
(1972) bns; 1 engr bn. field guns; 60mm and patrol boats; small land-
8lmm mortars.
Malagasy Republic 7.400 1,134 4,250 3,700; 2 inf bns; 1 armd ( 0 250; 3 patrol vessels; 1 300 ; 3 C 47 med and 8 It 4,000
(1971) (1972) sqn; 1 engr bn; 1 para marine coy. tpts; 1 Alouette III hel.
coy; 1 arty bty.
Mali 5,361 278 3,650 3,500; 3 inf bns; 1 para coy; About 10 T-34 med tks; 50 3 patrol craft 150; 6 MiG 17; 2 C-47 and 2 1,500
(1971) 1 engr coy. BTR-40 APC; armd cars; 11-14 med tpts; 2 Mr-4 hel.
81mm and 100mm guns;
81mm and 120mm mor-
Niger 4.352 489 2,100 2,000; 1 recce sqn; 4 mot About 10 M-S and M-20 100; 4 Notalias, 1C-47 med 1.400
(1972) int coys; 1 para coy; 1 armd cars; 60mm and tpt; 4 It tpts.
camel corps. 81mm mortars; 2 patrol
boats.
Rwanda 4.052 233 2.750 2 inf bns; I recce sqn AML-245 armd cars 2 C-47 med tpts; 1 Alouette 400
II hel.
Senega) .. 4,217 860 5,900 5,500; 3 ini bns; 1 recce AML-245 armd cars; It 200; 3 patrol cralt (2 less 200; 4 C-47 med tpts; 4 It 1.600
(1972) sqn; 2 para coys; 2 cdo arty; 81mm mortars. than 100 tons). 2 landing tpts; 2 Bell 47 and 1
coys; 1 arty bty; 1 engr craft Alouette 111 hel.
bn.
Zambia 4,526 1.100 6, 000 5,000; 1 inf bde; I recce Ferret scout cars; 105mm 1,000; 2 Galeb, 4 Jastreb. 6 2.000
(1972) sqn; 2 arty btys; 1 SAM guns; Rapier SAM. MB 326 FGA; 3 med and
bty; 1 engr sqn; 1 sigs 10 It tpts: 3 AB 205. 2
sqn. AB 47 and 1 AB 212 hel.

For many of the developing nations, particularly the smaller ones, maintenance facilities and 1 Not available.
shills pose problems and spare parts may not be readtly available. The amount of military equip
ment shown may not necessarily be that which can be used.

C h in a
Chinese defence policy operates at the two
extrem es o f nuclear deterrence and P eop les
War. T h e form er alm s to deter strategic a t
tack and the latter, by m ass-m obilization o f
th e country's population, to deter or repel
any conventional land invasion.
N U C LE A R W E A P O N S
Th e bulld -u p o f the Chinese nuclear force
continued during the year. One nuclear test,
in th e M T range, was carried out in June, the
first recorded since March 1972 and th e 15th
since tests started In 1964. T h e production
o f fissionable materials was expanded; there
may now be sufficient fo r more than 200 fu
sion and fission weapons, and the stockpile
could grow rapidly In the n ext few years. A
variety o f delivery systems, aircra ft and m is
siles, are available. For tactical missions the
F-9 flgh ter would be suitable and fo r lon ger
ranges there are some 100 Tu-16 m edium
bombers with a radius o f action o f about
1,600 miles. M RBM and IR B M have been de
ployed operationally in at least fou r locations
a t s o ft sites above ground, though some are
reported to be in silos or caves. A m u lti-stage
IR B M w ith a longer range, perhaps 3,500
m iles (sufficient to reach Moscow and most
parts o f Asia) has been produced and may
be ready fo r operational deploym ent. A small
m issile force Is now th ou gh t to be under the
control o f the Second Artillery, which appears
to be the P L A 's m issile arm. An IC B M ca
pable o f reaching m ost m a jor targets In the
U nited States Is also b ein g developed. Its
testin g a t fu ll range would require im pact
areas In th e In d ian or Pacific Oceans and
an In strum entation ship which could be used
fo r m on itorin g such a test has been built.
China has one O-class diesel-powered sub
m arine w ith ballistic missile launching tubes,
bu t does n ot appear to have missies fo r it. A ll
th e present missiles are liqu id-fu eled. W ork
has been goin g on on the developm ent o f
solid fu e l missiles, but these are un likely to
be available fo r deploym ent before 1975.
C O N V E N T IO N A L FORCE8
China's 3 m illion regular forces, the Peo
ple's Liberation Arm y (P L A ), are generally
equipped and trained for the environ m ent o f
People's War, but increasing effort is being
made to arm a p roportion o f the form ations
w ith modern weapons, now becom ing a va il
able from the grow ing arm am ent Industry.
In fa n try units account fo r most o f the m an
power and 120 o f the 150 divisions: there
are o n ly 5 armoured divisions. T h e naval and
air elem ents o f the P LA have on ly about
one-seventh o f th e total m anpower com
pared w ith on ly a th ird fo r th e ir counter
parts in the S oviet Union, but th eir in flu
ence Is increasing as m ore new equipm ent
reaches them. T h e P L A is essentially a de
fensive force and lacks the facilities and
logistic support fo r protracted large-scale
m ilitary operations outside China. I t Is,
however, gradually acqu irin g greater logistic
capacity.
M ajor weapons systems in series production
Include th e Tu-16 m edium bomber, the M iG -
19, -21, and F-9 fighters (th e la tte r Chinese
d esign ed ); type-59 medium, type-62 ligh t,
type-60 am phibious tanks and APCs (th e
last three also bein g Chinese d esign ed ). R -
class m edlum -range diesel submarines in
some numbers, togeth er w ith a new class o f
submarines. SSM destroyers, and fast patrol
boats are being produced for the navy. A
nuclear-pow ered attack submarine (arm ed
w ith conventional torpedoes) has been under
test fo r tw o years.
D E PLO YM E N T AND CO M M AND
T h e P L A is organized in 11 M ilitary R e
gions, but is n ot deployed even ly throughout
them. T h e m ajor concentrations are In the
coastal provinces, In th e Yangtse and the
Y ello w R iver basins, and in the North-E ast
(P ek in g and M a n ch u ria ). Some s h ift o f forces
northward toward the Sino-Sovlet fro n tier
occurred In 1969-70. follo w in g the border in
cidents. and It Is lik ely th a t fu rth er re-allgn -
m en t o f Chinese forces in the same direction
took place in th e past year. From 20,000 to
30,000 construction troops and engineers are
reported still to be in the northern border
regions o f Laos and N orth Vietnam .
Althou gh the P L A continues to have a wide
range o f adm in istrative and oth er n on m ili
tary duties, its active role In p rovin cial gov
ernm ent appears to have declined somewhat
in the past year. T h e P ublic Security Sys
tem, which came under the P L A during the
Cultural R evolution , seems in particular to
have re-established some degree o f auton
om y.
N o Defence M inister was officially desig
nated during th e year to succeed Lin Piao
and th e P L A rem ained w ith ou t a C h ief o f
Staff or A ir Force Commander.
B IL A T E R A L AG REEM ENTS
China has a 30-year T reaty o f Alliance and
Friendship w ith the S oviet Union, signed in
1950, w hich contains m utual defence obliga
tions, b u t th is m ay n o longer be in force.
T h ere Is a m utual defence agreem ent w ith
North Korea, d atin g from 1961, and an agree
m ent to provide free m ilitary aid. There Is
probably a well-defined, though unpubll-
clzed, defence com m itm en t to North V ie t
nam, and certain ly a long-standing and re
cently renewed agreem ent to give m ilitary
aid. There are non-aggression pacts w ith A f
ghanistan, Burma, and Cambodia (though
th is la tte r does n ot apply to the newly-estab
lished K hm er Republic: China has given m ili
tary aid to the forces supporting Prince S i
hanouk against the govern m en t o f Prim e
M inister Lo n N o l ) . Chinese m ilitary equ ip
m ent and logistic support has been offered to
an Increasing num ber o f countries, particu
larly in Africa. M ajor recipients o f arms in
recent years have been Albania, Pakistan, and
Tanzania.
C H IN A
P op u lation : 750-850,000,000.
M ilitary service: Arm y, 2 years; A ir Force,
3 years; Navy, 4 years.
T o ta l regular forces: 2.900,000 (In cluding
construction engineer troop s).
G N P and defence expenditure see note
on follo w in g page.
2.27 yuan equal $1 1 July 1972.
1 88 yuan equal $1 lJ u ly 1973.
S tra teg ic Forces
IR B M : 15-20.
M R B M : about 50.
A ircra ft: about 100 Tu-16 medium bom b
ers.
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
A rm y: 2,500,000 (In clu d in g construction
engr t p s ).
5 arm ored divisions.
120 In fan try divisions.
3 cavalry divisions.
2 airborne divisions.
A b ou t 20 a rtillery divisions.
These are supported by signals, engineer,
railway, and m otor transport units.
Heavy equipm en t consists o f S oviet Item s
supplied up to 1960 Including JS-2 tks and
152mm and 203mm artillery; S oviet T -34 and
T-54, and Chinese T 59 (version o f T -5 4 )
med tks: T -60 (P T -7 6 typ e) am phibious tks;
T-62 It tks and APC; S P arty in cl 80-76, S U -
100, and JSU-122.
D eploym ent
China Is divided in to 11 M ilita ry R egions
(M R ) In tu rn d ivided In to M ilitary D istricts
(M D ) , w ith usually tw o or three D istricts to
a R egion.
I t is believed th a t basically one Arm y Is
assigned to each MD, w ith a to tal o f about 30
Armies. A n Arm y generally consists o f three
In fan try divisions, three artillery regim ents,
and, In some cases three arm oured regim ents.
O f th e five armoured divisions In th e PLA,
tw o or three are probably kept in th e Peking
and Shenyang Regions.
T h e geographical distribu tion o f th e d iv i
sions (exclu d in g a rtille ry) Is believed to be:
N orth and N orth-E ast China (Shenyang,*
and P ek in g * M R ) : 45 divisions.
East and South-East China (Tsin an , N a n
king, and Foochow M R ) : 20 divisions.
S outh-Central C hina (C anton. Including
H ainan Island, and W uhan M R ) : 20 d iv i
sions.
M id-W est C hina (L an ch ow M R ) : 15 d iv i
sions.
W est and S outh -W est China (S in klang,*
C hengtu,* and K u n m in g * M R ) : 30 d iv i
sions.
Laos and N orth V ietn am (n orth ern border
re g io n s ): Some construction engineer troops
and supporting elem ents, in all 20-30,000
men.
N a vy: 180,000 (in clu d in g Naval A ir Force
and 28,000 M a rin e s).
I G-class submarine (w ith b allistic m issile
tu b e s ). (C h in a is n o t know n to have any m is
siles fo r th is boat.)
39 fleet submarines. (A lso about 6 older,
train in g vessels.)
3 coastal submarines.
6 SSM destroyers.
9 destroyer escorts.
I I p atrol escorts.
20 subm arine chasers.
25 Osa- and K om ar-typ e FP B w ith Styx
SAM.
27 minesweepers.
20 lan din g ships.
45 au xiliary minesweepers.
220 M T B and h yd rofoils (less th an 100
to n s ).
320 m otor gunboats; 530 lan din g ship/
lan d in g craft m any less than 100 tons.
D eploym ent
N o rth Sea F le e t: 240 vessels. T h e m ain
bases are at T sln gtao and Lushun; deployed
along the coast fro m th e m outh o f th e Y a lu
R iver in the n orth to Llenyunkang in th e
south.
East Sea F leet: 700 vessels. Bases are at
Shanghai and Chou Shan; deployed along the
coast fro m Llenyun kan g In th e n orth to
Chaoan W an In th e south.
South Sea F le et: 300 vessels. Bases are at
Huangpu and Chanchiang; deployed from
Chaoan W an in th e n orth to th e N orth V ie t
nam fro n tier in th e south.
Naval A ir Force: 25,000, over 500 shore-
based com bat aircraft. Including about 100
11-28 torpedo-carrying and some T u -2 ligh t
bombers and some 400 fighters Including
* There are, in addition, two or three di
visions o f border troops in each of these
MR.
M iG-15, M iG-17, and M iG-19. Th ou gh under
N a vy command, th e fighters are fu lly in te
grated In to th e air defence system.
A ir Force: 220,000 (in clu d in g strategic
forces and 85,000 air defence p erson n el);
ab ou t 3.800 com bat aircraft.
A b ou t 100 Tu-16 and a fe w T u -4 m edium
bombers.
20011-28 and 100 T u -2 lig h t bombers.
A bout 1,700 M iG-15 and M iG -17; a t least
1,000 M iG-19. 75 M iG-21, and up to 300 F-9
fighters.
Ab out 400 transport aircra ft and 300 h e li
copters, including some A n -2 ,11-14, and 11-18
transports and M i-4 helicopters (th ese could
be supplem ented by about 350 aircra ft o f the
C ivil A ir B u re a u ).
There is an alr-defen ce system, in itia lly d e
veloped to d efen d the eastern seaboard o f
China, and now greatly expanded, based on
early warning/control radar. Interceptor a ir
craft, and several hundred S A-2 SAM d e
ployed in up to 50 sites.
P ara -M ilitary Forces
A bout 300.000 security and border troops,
Including 19 In fan try-typ e divisions and
30 Independent regim ents stationed In the
fro n tier areas: the public security force and
a civilia n m ilitia w ith an effective elem ent o f
probably n ot m ore than 5 m illion : production
and construction corps in a num ber o f M ili
tary Regions in clu din g those ad join in g the
north ern fron tier.
O th er A s ia n Co u n t r ie s a n d
B IL A T E R A L A G REEM EN TS
T h e U n ited States has bilateral defence
treaties w ith Japan, th e R epublic o f China
(T a iw a n ), th e R ep u b lic o f Korea, and the
Philippines. She has a num ber o f m ilitary
arrangem ents w ith o th er countries o f th e
region. She provides m ilitary aid on eith er
a gran t or credit basis to Taiw an, th e K h m er
R epublic (C a m b o d ia), Indonesia, the Repub
lic o f Korea, Laos, Malaysia, th e Philippines,
Thailand, and South V ietn am . She sells
m ilita ry equipm en t to m any countries, n o t
ably Australia, Taiw an, and Japan. For gran t
m ilita ry assistance purposes, th e K h m er R e
public, th e R ep u b lic o f Korea, and T aiw an
are considered forw ard defence areas. Laos,
th e K h m er Republic, Thailan d, and South
V ietn am receive gran t m ilita ry aid assistance
d irec t fro m th e US D epartm ent o f Defense
budget, th e o n ly countries in th e world to do
so. T h ere are m ilita ry fa c ilities agreements
w ith Australia, Japan, the R ep u b lic o f Korea,
and th e Philippines. There is a m ajor base at
Guam. A new com m unications station is
bein g constructed on D iego Garcia Island in
th e Chagos Arch ipelago under exchanges o f
notes signed w ith B ritain In 1966 and 1972.
T h e S oviet Union has treaties o f friendship,
co-operation, and m utual assistance w ith
India, Bangladesh. M ongolia, and th e D em o
cratic People's R ep u b lic o f Korea. M ilitary
assistance agreem ents exist w ith S ri Lanka
(C e y lo n ) and th e P eoples D em ocratic R e
p u b lic o f Vietnam . Im p o rta n t S oviet m ilita ry
aid Is also given to N epal and Afghanistan.
Au stralia has supplied a sm all am ount o f
reference equ ip m en t to M alaysia and Sin ga
pore and is g iv in g defence equ ip m en t and
assistance to Indonesia, inclu ding th e pro
vision o f train in g facilities.
M U L T IL A T E R A L A G R E E M E N TS
In 1954 th e U nited States, Australia, B rit
ain, France, N ew Zealand, Pakistan, th e
Philippines, and T hailan d signed th e S ou th
East Asia C o llective Defence Treaty, which
came in to force In 1955 and brought SEATO
In to being. T h e y com m itted them selves to
consult w ith a view to Joint defence in the
even t o f direct or in direct aggression against
a mem ber country or against th e so-called
protocol states o f Cambodia, Laos, and South
V ietnam . However, since 1955 and 1956 re
spectively. Cam bodia and Laos have n o t ac
cepted th e protection o f SEATO. T h e treaty
40975
area Is th e general area o f South-East Asia
and th e S ou th -W est Pacific, below latitu de
2130 N orth. SEATO has no central com
mand structure and forces rem ain under na
tio n a l control. In 1969 B ritain ceased to d e
clare ground forces to th e con tingen cy plans
fo r SEATO. France has no forces declared and
has recently announced her in ten tion o f
w ith draw in g from all financial com m itm ents
b y 1974. Hew Zealand has said th at, w h ile
she w ill rem ain a member, she is phasing
dow n her p articip ation In SEATO activities
to a much lower level, p articu larly on the
m ilita ry side. Australia has recen tly given
Indications o f takin g a sim ilar attitude. Pak
istan had already announced her progressive
disengagem ent before th e In d o-P ak lstan W ar
o f Decem ber 1971, as a resu lt o f which Bang
ladesh became an Independent state, and
w ith drew from mem bership in July 1972.
Australia, N ew Zealand, and th e U n ited
States are th e m embers o f a trip a rtite trea ty
know n as ANZUS, w hich was signed in 1951
and is o f in defin ite duration. Under th is
treaty each agrees to act to m eet th e com
m on danger' In th e even t o f armed attack
on eith er m etropolitan or Island territo ry o f
any one o f them , or on armed forces, public
vessels, or aircraft In th e Pacific.
Australia. Malaysia. N ew Zealand. Singa
pore, and B ritain have agreed five-pow er de
fence arrangem ents relatin g to the defence
o f M alaysia and Singapore, w h ich came in to
effect on 1 Novem ber 1971. These arrange
A u s t r a l a s ia ments, which replaced th e Anglo-M alayslan
D efence Agreem en t o f 1957, state th at, in th e
even t o f any armed attack or th reat o f attack
extern ally organized or supported against
M alaysia o r Singapore, th e five governm ents
w ou ld consult togeth er fo r the purpose o f
decidin g w hat measures should be taken,
Jointly or separately. B ritain, Australia, and
New Zealand m aintain land, air, and naval
forces in Singapore (th e A N Z U K force) and
Australia a ir forces in M alaysia (p a rt o f the
in tegrated air defence system ).
A F G H A N IS T A N
P op u lation : 18,300,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 84,000.
E stim ated G N P 1970: $1.5 billion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971: 1.600
m illio n afghanis ($35.5 m illio n ). 45 afghanis
equal $1.
A rm y: 78,000.
2 arm oured divisions.
4 in fa n try divisions.
1 In fan try brigade group.
200 T -34 and T -54 med tks; P T-7 6 It tks;
144 It and m ed guns; Snapper A T G W ; A A
guns.
Reserves: 200,000.
A ir Force: 6,000; 112 com bat aircraft.
3 lig h t bom ber squadrons w ith 10 11-28.
2 flgh ter-bom ber squadrons w ith 24 Su-7.
4 flgh ter-bom b er squadrons w ith 48 M ig -
15/17.
3 In terceptor squadrons w ith 30 M ig-21.
2 transport squadrons w ith Y a k 12, An-2,
n -14 .
1 helicopter squadron w ith M i-1 and M i-4.
SA-2 SAM.
Reserves: 12,000.
Para -M ilitary Forces: 21,000 Gendarmerie;
200,000 tribal levies.
A U S T R A L IA
P op u la tion : 13,000,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 73.330.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $US 43.46 billion.
D efence budget 1972: $A 1,323 m illio n ($US
1,575 m illio n ).
$A 0.84=$U S 1 1 J uly 1972.
$A 0.706 = $US 1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 33.100.
1 in fa n try division HQ.
l tank regim ent.
3 cavalry regim ents.
9 in fa n try battalions.
40976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
2 battalions o f the Pacific Islands R egi
m en t ( P I R ) .
1 Special A ir Service (S A S ) regim ent.
1 m edium artillery regim ent.
3 field artillery regiments.
1 lig h t a n ti-a irc ra ft regim ent.
1 aviation regim ent.
6 signals regiments.
3 field engineer regim ents.
7 construction and field survey squadrons.
1 lo gistic support force.
143 Centurion med tks; 265 Ferret scout
cars; 758 M-113 APC; 254 105mm how in
cluding M -56 105mm pack how: 47 Sioux and
K iow a hel; 25 lig h t aircraft; 57 watercraft.
D eploym ent; Singapore: 1 bn gp. 1 sig
regt. and logistic units; Papua, New G uinea:
2 P IR bns.
Reserves: 24.500. T h e C itizen M ilitary
Force o f 24,000 is Intended to form 24 in
fa n try battalions w ith supporting arms and
services; Emergency Reserve 500.
N avy: 17,460.
4 Oberon-class submarines.
1 aircra ft carrier.
3 ASW destroyers w ith T artar SAM and
Ik ara ASW msls.
4 destroyers (2 tr a in in g ).
6 destroyer escorts w ith Ikara.
4 coastal minesweepers.
2 minehunters.
20 patrol boats.
1 fast troop transport (ex-a ircraft carrie r).
1 destroyer tender.
5 lan d in g c ra ft (3 m ore on o r d e r ).
F le et A ir Arm
1 figh ter-bom ber sqn w ith A -4 G Skyhawk.
1 ASW sqn w ith S-2E Tracker and C-47
Dakota.
2 A S W helicopter sqns w ith Wessex 31B.
1 helicopter sqn w ith Iroquois and Scout.
1 tra in in g sqn w ith Aerm acchi MB-326H,
T A -4 G , and A4G.
(10 Sea K in g ASW hel on order.)
Reserves: 6.625. N avy C itizen M ilitary
Force: 5,525; Emergency Reserve 1,100.
A ir Force: 22,770; 210 com bat aircraft.
1 bom ber squadron w ith Canberra B-20.
1 figh ter squadron w ith 6 F - 111C (18 m ore
to be delivered by end o f 1973).
4 lnterceptor/FG A squadrons w ith M irage
m o.
1 M R squadron w ith 10 P-3B Orion and 1
M R squadron w ith 12 SP-2H Neptune.
80 MB-326 and 41 CA-25 W ln jeel trainers.
2 tp t sqns w ith 24 C-130, 1 tp t sqn w ith 2
BAC-111, 10 HS-748. and 3 M ystere 20 and
2 tp t sqns w ith 24 Caribou and 23 Dakota.
2 helicopter squadrons w ith Iroquois.
D eploym ent: 2 sqns o f M irage I II O 1 M a
laysia/Singapore.
Reserves: 1.215. C itizen A ir Force 570
Emergency Reserve 645.
B ANG LAD ESH
P op u lation : 76,000,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l regular forces: 17,900.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $3.5 billion.
Defence budget 1973: Taka 470 m illio n
($US 65 m illio n ).
Taka 7.3=$I 1 July 1972.
T ak a 7.24=$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 17,000.
5 in f bdes w ith 17 in f bns.
1 artillery brigade.
1 engineer group.
1 signals battalion.
N avy: 500.
3 patrol boats.
1 seaward defence boat.
A ir Force: 400: 13 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter sqn w ith 8 M IG 21.
5 F-86 Sabre.
1 DHC4 Caribou. 1 DC-6, and 2 F-27 tpts.
2 M iG -21 U tl trainers.
3 A lou ette I I I .
(2 Wessex hel on order.)
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 13,000 Bangladesh
m llita/R ak h i Bahinl.
BURM A
P op u lation : 29,150,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T otal armed forces: 149,000.
D efence budget 1971-72 : 490 m illion kyat
($91 m illio n ).
5 4 k y a t = $ l 1 July 1972.
4.7 k y a t= $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 135,000.
6 regional commands com prising approxi
m ately 70 in fa n try battalions.
3 in fa n try divisions.
T he forces as a whole consist o f 5 armoured,
112 Infantry. 5 artillery, and 1 engineer bat
talions, and are organized chiefly fo r counter
insurgency and Internal security duties.
C om et med tks; Hum ber armd cars; Ferret
scout cars; 25-pdr guns; 75mm, 105mm,
155mm how.
N avy: 7,000 (in clu din g 800 m arin es).
1 frigate.
1 escort minesweeper.
2 coastal escorts.
5 m otor torpedo boats (less than 100 t o n s ).
34 river and patrol gunboats.
7 m otor gunboats (less th an 100 to n s ).
A bout 100 riv er craft.
A ir Force: 7,000; 10 com bat aircraft.
2 C O IN sqns w ith 18 AT-33 and 1 Vam pire.
18 C-47. 8 O tter, 6 Beech-18, and 5 Cessna
tpts.
5 Sioux. 9 Huskle, 6 A lou ette I I I . 10 Shaw
nee, and 3 K V 107-11 helicopters.
P ara-M ilitary Forces: 25,000 armed village
defence and m ilitia .
C H IN A . R E PU B LIC O F (T A I W A N )
P op u lation : 15,135,000.
M ilitary service: 2 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 503.000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $9.7 billion.
Estimated defence expenditure 1972-73 : 28
b illion new T aiw an dollars ($700 m illio n ).
$NT 40 = $1 1 July 1972.
$NT 38=$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 350,000.
2 armoured divisions.
12 In fan try divisions.
6 lig h t divisions.
1 armoured cavalry regim ent.
2 airborne brigades.
4 special forces groups.
1 SSM battalion with Honest John.
1 SAM b attalion w ith H A W K .
1 SAM bn and 1 SAM b ty w ith N lk e-H er-
cules.
M 47 and M-48 med tks; 500 M-24 and
M-41 It tks; M -18 tk destroyers; L V T -4 and
M-113 APC: 105mm and 155mm guns; A A
guns: H onest John SSM; H A W K , Nike SAM;
15 UH-1H, 7 H-34, 2 K H -4 hel (59 DH -1H on
o r d e r ).
D eploym en t: Q uem oy: 60,000; M atsu:
20,000.
Reserves: 750,000.
N avy: 38,000.
1 submarine (tr a in in g ).
14 destroyers.
16 destroyer escorts.
6 torpedo boats.
3 patrol vessels.
1 m inelayer.
14 coastal minesweepers.
9 m lnesweeping launches.
21 tank landing ships.
4 medium lan din g ships.
21 landing craft.
Reserves: 60.000.
M arines: 35,000.
2 divisions.
Reserves: 65.000.
A ir Force: 80.000; 210 com bat aircraft.
6 fighter-bom ber sqns w ith 90 F-100A/D.
2 figh ter sqns w ith 30 F -6 A (40 F-5E on
o rd er).
4 interceptor sqns w ith 63 F-104A/Q.
1 recce sqn w ith 8 RP-104G and 4 RF-101C.
1 SAR sqn w ith 9 S-2A and 6 HTJ-16B.
40 C-46. 30 C-47, 50 C-119, and 10 C-123
tpts.
December 12, 1973
100 trainers.
6 Hughes 500, 7 TJH-19, and 10 Bell 47G h el
(24 UH -1H on o rd er).
Reserves: 130,000.
P ara-M llltary Forces: 175,000 m ilitia.
IN D IA
Pop u lation : 578,000,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T otal armed forces: 948,000.
Estimated G N P 1972: $61.53 billion.
D efence budget 1973-74: 17,296 m illio n
rupees ($2,386 m illio n ).
7.75 ru pees=81 1 July 1972.
7.25 r u p e e s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 826,000.
I armoured division (a second Is bein g
fo rm ed ).
5 Independent armoured brigades.
14 in fan try divisions.
I I m ountain divisions.
6 Independent in fa n try brigades.
1 parachute brigade.
Ab out 20 A A artillery units.
200 C enturion M K 5/7,1.000 T-54 and T-55,
and 500 V ijayan ta med tks; 150 P T-76 and
140 AM X -13 l t tks; OT-62 and Mk 2/4A
APC; about 3,000 guns, m ostly towed and SP
25-pounders, but lncl Model 56 105mm pack
how, A b b ott 105mm SP. and about 350 100mm
and 350 130mm guns: R L; S8-11 and Entac
A T G W ; A A guns; 40 T igerca t SAM.
Reserves: 100,000. T errito rial Arm y 45,000;
Reserves 55,000.
N avy: 30.000 (in clu din g naval a ir ).
1 16.000-ton aircraft carrier.
4 submarines (ex-S o viet F -c la s s ).
2 cruisers.
1 destroyer.
8 destroyer escorts ( lncl 7 ex-S oviet P etya-
class) .
9 frigates (2 G P with Seacat SAM, 3 AA, 4
A S W ).
8 Osa-class patrol boats w ith Styx SSM.
9 patrol boats (4 less than 100 to n s ).
8 minesweepers (4 in sh ore).
1 landing ship.
3 landing craft.
10 seaward defence boats (6 less than 100
t o n s ).
Naval A ir F orce: 1,500.
35 Sea Hawk attack, 11 A lize M R ac; 2 Sea
K in g, 18 A lo u ette m , 2 Alou ette II. and 10
Hughes 269 hel. 10 Sea Hawk, 5 A lize. and 2
A lou ette can be carried In th e aircra ft carrier
a t any one tim e. (17 HS 748 M R ac and 3
Sea K in g are on order.)
A ir Force: 92,000; 842 com bat aircraft.
4 lig h t bom ber squadrons w ith 80 Can
berra.
6 fighter-bom ber squadrons with 96 Su-7.
2 fighter-bom ber sqns w ith 50 HF-24 M aru t
1A.
7 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith 150 H un
te r F-56.
2 fighter-bom ber squadrons w ith 30 M ys
tere IV .
8 Interceptor squadrons w ith 220 M iG -
21 PFM .
8 Interceptor squadrons w ith 200 Gnat F .l.
1 reconnaissance squadron w ith 8 Can
berra PR-57.
1 m aritim e recce sqn o f 8 L-1049 Super
Constellation.
13 tp t sqns w ith 55 C-47. 60 C-119G, 20
11-14, 34 An-12, 30 O tter. 27 HS-748, and
20 Caribou.
A b o u t 12 sqns w ith M i-4, A lo u ette I I I , 16
M i-8, SA 315 Cheetah, S-62, and B ell 47
hel.
A b o u t 20 S A-2 SAM sites.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: A b out 100,000, In
Border Security Force (n o t on Defence
b u d g e t ).
IN D O N E S IA
Pop u lation : 132,400X100.
M ilita ry service: selective.
T o ta l armed forces: 322,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $10.73 b illion .
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971: 119
b illio n rupiahs ($286.7 m illio n ).
378 ru p ia h s -$1 1 July 1971.
415 rupiahs- $1 1 July 1972.
A rm y: 250,000.
15 In f bdes, w ith over 100 In f bus and
som e para and armd units.
8 armoured battalions.
1 para com mando regim en t (R P K A D ).
T h e Kostrad (strategic Reserve Command I
consists o f about six bdes and Includes para
troops and armour. A b out on e-th ird o f th e
arm y Is engaged In civil and adm inistrative
duties.
Stuart. AM X -13 and P T-76 I t tks; Saladln
armd cars; Ferret scout cars; Saracen and
B TR-40 APC: artillery Includes 76mm, 105
mm, and 25-pdr; S oviet 57mm A A guns and
associated radar; A lo u ette 111 hel.
N a vy: 39,000 (ln c l naval air and 14.000 M a
rin e s). (O n ly a very small p art o f the navy
Is operational.)
10 submarines (ex-S o viet W -c la s s ).
1 cruiser (ex-S o viet Sverdlov-class, being
so ld ).
4 destroyers (ex-S o viet S k ory-cla ss).
8 frigates (in clu din g 4 ex-S oviet R lgaclass).
18 coastal escorts (14 ex-Soviet, 4 e x -U S A ).
12 K om ar-class p atrol boats w ith S tyx
SSM.
9 patrol boats (8 m ore bein g d e liv e r e d ).
21 m otor torpedo boats (14 ex-S oviet P -6 -
c la s s ).
T-34 I t ac; 230 UH-1B, K V 107, H-19, K H
OH-6J, Hughes TA-55J, and H-13KH hel.
Reserves: 39,000.
N a vy: 41,400.
13 submarines.
1 SAM destroyer w ith Tartar.
28 destroyers.
14 destroyer escorts/frigates.
20 submarine chasers.
3 minelayers.
42 coastal minesweepers.
5 m otor torpedo boats (2 less than 100
to n s ).
4 tan k lan din g ships.
1 m ediu m lan d in g ship.
6 lan d in g craft.
42 small lan d in g c raft (less th an 100 to n s ).
Naval A ir: 110 com bat aircraft.
7 M R sqns w ith P2V-7, P2-J, S2F-1, and
PS-1.
60 h el lncl S-61A, K V 107A, HSS-1N, and
HSS-2.
Reserves: 300.
A ir Force: 44,600: 386 com bat aircraft.
4 F G A sqns w ith 120 F-86F (F-4E J being
In trod u ced).
10 Interceptor sqns w ith 150 F-104J, 20
F-4EJ, and 80 F-86F.
1 recce sqn w ith 16 R F-86F (b ein g re
placed b y RF-4EJ In 1973; 14 are on o rd er).
(18-25 aircra ft In a com bat squadron.)
11.2 transport sqns w ith 20 C-46 and 10 Y S -
40977
20 SAM battalions w ith S A-2 (50 s ite s ).
380 T-34, 650 TX54/55 m ed tks; 150 P T-76
It tks; 200 BA-64. BTR-40, and BTR-152
APC ; 200 SU-76 and SU-100 SP guns; 6.000
guns and m or up to 152mm; 24 FR O G -5 7
SSM; 2,000 A A guns, lncl ZSU-57; SA-2 SAM.
R eserves: 750,000.
N a vy: 17,000.
3 submarines (ex-S o viet W -cla ss ).
10 K om ar- and 8 Osa-class F P B w ith Styx,
SSM.
80 torpedo boats (som e less than 100 to n s ).
2 fleet minesweepers.
35 patrol vessels (som e ex-S oviet SO class).
60 m otor gunboats.
Sam let SSM (6 s ite s ).
Reserves: 15.000.
A ir F o rc e : 45,000; 598 com bat aircraft.
70 n -2 8 lig h t bombers.
28 Su-7 flghter-bom bers.
300 MIG-15 and MIG-17 flghter-bom bers.
130 MiG-21 ad 50 M iG-19 interceptors.
20 11-28 and MIG-17 recce aircraft.
A b o u t 60 An-2, 15 Li-2, 11-12, and 4 11-14
tpts.
20 M i-4 helicopters.
70 Yak-11, Yak-18. M iG-15, and 11-28
trainers.
Reserves: 40,000.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 50.000 security forces
and border guards: a civilia n m ilitia w ith a

360 T - l , T-33, T-34. and F-104DJ trainers.

6 fleet minesweepers (ex-S o viet T -4 3 -
class).
20 coastal minesweepers (6 e x -U S A ).
18 m otor gunboats (ex-S o viet B K -c la s s ).
25 seaward d efen ce boats (less th a n 100
to n s ).
9 lan d in g ships (8 ex-U S L S T ) .
9 lan din g craft.
2 M arine brigades.
Naval A ir A rm :
6 C-47; 3 A lo u ette 111 h el (4 M R ac on
o rd e r).
A ir Force: 33.000: 89 com bat aircraft. (M ost
o f th e Soviet-supplied com bat aircra ft and
th e S A -2 have n ot been used fo r some years.
Few o f these a ircra ft can be regarded as o p
eration al.)
22 Tu-16 and 10 11-28 bombers.
5 Z-25 M itch ell and 4 B-26 In vad er lig h t
bombers.
5 F-51D M ustang flghter-bom bers.
16 F-86 Sabre (C A -2 7 ) fighters.
4 M ia-1 5 . 8 MIG-17, and 15 M iG-21 In ter
ceptors (m ostly In s to ra g e ).
60 tpts. lncl 10 11-14, 8 C-130B, C-47, and
Skyvan.
3 h el sqns w ith 16 M l-4, 6 M i-6, and 4 BeU
47G, 2 AB-204B and 10 A lo u ette l l / m .
A t least 3 S A-2 sites (n o n -o p era tlo n a l).
P ara -M llltary Forces: A police M obile B ri
gade o f about 20,000; about 100,000 M ilitia.
JA PA N
P op u la tion : 107,000,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed fo rce s : 266,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $316.8 billion.
D efence budget 1973-74 : 935.5 b illion yen
($3,530 m illio n ).
301 y e n = $ l 1 J u ly 1972.
265 y e n = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 180,000.
1 mechanized division.
12 in fa n try divisions (7,000-9,000 m en
ea ch ).
1 airborne brigade.
1 artille ry brigade.
1 signal and 5 engineer brigades.
1 helicopter brigade.
1 m ixed brigade.
6 SAM groups w ith H A W K (160 launch
e rs ).
520 T yp e 61 med tks; 30 M-24 and 140 M-41
I t tks; 440 T yp e 60 APC: 30 M-52 lOSmm and
10 M-44 155mm S P how; 203mm how; T yp e
30 SSM: T yp e 60 tw in 106mm S P recolllesa
rifles: T yp e 64 A T G W ; 120 L-19, LM1, LR1,
claim ed strength o f 1,450,000.
K O R E A R E PU B LIC O P K O R E A (S O U T H )
5 SAM bns w ith N ike-J. P op u lation : 32,665,000.
A Base A ir Defense G round E nvironm ent M ilita ry service: Arm y/M arines, 2% years;
w ith 28 con trol and w arning units. N a vy and A ir Forces, 3 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 633,500.
TH E KHM EE R E PU B LIC (C A M B O D IA )
Estim ated G N P 1972: $9.3 bUlion.
P op u la tion : 7,500,000. D efence bu d get 1973: 184.8 b illion w on
M ilitary service: voluntary; conscription ($476 m illio n ).
authorized, but n o t y e t In force. 400 w o n = $ l 1 July 1972.
T otal armed forces: 187,200. 388 won = $1 1 July 1973.
Estim ated G N P 1971: $1.5 billion. A rm y: 560,000.
D efence budget 1973: 17,800 m illio n riels
29 in fa n try divisions (10 cadre o n ly ). *
($98 m illio n ). 2 arm oured brigades.
55.5 r le ls = $ l 1 July 1971. 80 a rtillery battalions.
182 rie ls =$1 1 July 1973.
1 SSM b attalion w ith Honest John.
A rm y: 180,000. 2 SAM bns w ith H A W K and 1 w ith N lk e-
9 static and 3 m obile dlvs (each o f 3 bdes Hercules.
o f 4 b u s).
750 M-47, M-48, and M60 med tks; S tu art
300 in f and cdo b attalion s' (com p a n ies). and M-24 I t tks; M-10 and M-36 tk destroy
1 tan k regim ent.
ers; M -8 armd cars and M-113 APC; 1,000
1 arm oured car b attalion . guns up to 203mm: Honest John SSM; H A W K
3 parachute battalions.
and N ike SAM.
12 fleld artillery batteries. Reserves: 1,000,000.
20 M -24 and 40 AM X -13 It tks; 20 M -8
N a vy: 18,800.
and M-20 arm d cars; M -3 scout cars; B T R - 5 destroyers.
40, BTR-152 APC; M-109 105mm S P how
3 destroyer escorts.
and S oviet 76mm and 122mm guns; 40mm, 4 frigates.
57mm, 85mm, and 100mm A A guns; Cessna
15 coastal escorts.
O - l It ac. 21 patrol boats.
N avy: 3,400 ( Including m a rin es ).
6 coastal minesweepers.
2 coastal escort vessels. 6 escort transports.
2 support gunboats. 20 lan d in g ships.
2 m otor torpedo boats (less th an 100 Reserves: 30,000.
to n s ). M arines: 29,600.
6 patrol boats (less than 100 to n s ). R eserves: 60,000.
3 lan din g craft. A ir Force: 25,000; 195 com bat aircraft.
A ir Force: 3,800; 40 com bat aircraft. 2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 18 F-4D.
40 T -28 T ro ja n grou nd-attack aircraft. 5 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 110 F-86F.
20 C-47 and 1 C-54 transport aircraft. 3 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 37 F -5 A (a b o u t
2 A lo u ette n and 30 UH-1 helicopters. 40 F-5E on o r d e r ).
Para-M lllary Forces: 150,000. 1 A W X sqn w ith 20 F-86D (w ith Sidew ind
KOREA D EM O CRATIC P E O P L E S R E PU B LIC er A A M ).
(N O B T H I 1 recce sqn w ith 10 RF-86F.
P op u lation : 15,000.000. 35 transports Including C-46, C-47, and
M ilita ry service: A rm y 3 years, N a vy and C-54.
A ir Force 4 years.
H el ln cl 6 H-19. 2 Bell 212, 5 UH-1D, and
T o ta l arm ed forces: 470,000. 2 K H 4.
Estim ated G N P 1972-73: $3.5 billion. Reserves: 35,000.
D efence bu d get 1973: 1,282 m illio n won P a ra -M lilta ry Forces: A local defence m ili
($625 m illio n ). tia , H om eland Reser%e Defence Force,
2.05 w o n = # l. 2 ,000,000.
A rm y: 408,000. LAO S
3 armoured divisions. P op u la tion : 3,150,000.
21 in fa n try divisions. E s t i m a t e d G N P 1972: $211 m i l l i o n .
4 Independent infantry brigades. 500 k ip = $ l 1 July 1972.
7 independent armoured regim ents. 600 k ip $1 1 Ju ly 1973.
40978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
1. R oyal Lao Forces
M ilita ry service: conscription, term un
known.
T o ta l s tre n g th : 74,200.
D efence budget 1973: 10.29 b illion kip ($17
m illio n ).
A rm y: 72,000.
24 m obile in fa n try battalions.
33 garrison In fan try battalions.
1 parachute battalion.
1 artille ry regt o f 4 bns.
M -24 and P T-76 It tks: M -8 arm d cars; M
3 scout cars; B T R 40 and M-113 APC; 85mm
guns and 75mm. 105mm, and 155 mm how.
N a v y : about 500.
4 river squadrons consisting o f :
22 patrol craft; 26 lan din g craft/transports
(a ll under 100 tons, most n ot opera tion al).
A ir Force: 1.700; about 73 com bat aircraft.
63 T-28A/D lig h t attack aircraft.
10 AC-47 gunships.
20 C -4 7 ,1 Aero Com m ander transports.
A b ou t 18 UH-34D and 6 A lou ette n / i n hel.
P ara -M ilitary Forces and Irregulars: 40,000.
2. P ath et L ao Forces
T o ta l strength about 40,000 men (in cl dis
siden t n eu tra lists).
P T-7 6 I t tks; B TR-40 armd cars; 105mm
how.
T h e P a th e t L ao are believed to be in te
grated w ith about 60.000 regular North V ie t
namese com bat and logistics troops and have
received arms and am m unition o f Soviet and
Chinese origin. T h e P ath et Lao and N orth
Vietnam ese control all th e eastern h a lf o f
Laos, and most o f th e north.
M A L A Y S IA
P op u lation : 11,500,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 56,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: SUS 4.64 billion.
Defense budget 1973: $M 680,1 m illio n
($US 287 m illio n ).
$M 2.78 = SUS 1 1 July 1972.
$M 2.37 = SUS 1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 46,500.
8 In fan try brigades, consisting o f:
28 in fa n try battalions.
3 reconnaissance regiments.
3 artillery regiments.
1 special service unit.
3 signals regim ents.
E ngineer and adm in istrative units.
Ferret scout cars; 100 Com m ando APC; 105
m m how; 40mm A A guns.
Reserves: about 50,000.
N a vy: 4,800.
1 ASW frig a te w ith Seacat SAM.
1 tra in in g frigate.
.
6 coastal minesweepers.
8 FPB ; 4 w ith SS-11/12 and 4 w ith Exocet
SSM-
24 p atrol craft (less than 100 to n s ).
1 lan d in g ship.
R eserves: 600
A ir Force: 4,700; 38 com bat aircraft.
2 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 18 CA-27 Sabre.
2 C O IN sqns w ith 20 CL-41G Tebuan.
4 transport and liaison sqns, lncl 12 D H C -
4A Caribou, 10 Herald 401, 5 Dove, and 2
Heron.
4 hel sqns w ith 16 S-61A and 25 Alou ette
n i. ...
1 train in g sqn w ith 16 SA Bulldog.
(16 F-5B and E and 14 D HC-4 on order.)
P ara -M llltary Forces: 54,000; 10 bns field
police.
M O N G O L IA
P op u la tion : 1,300,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T o t a l a r m e d f o r c e s : 29,000.
Estim ated G N P 1971: $0.84 billion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971: 170
m illio n tu grik ($42.5 m illio n ).
4 tu g rik =$ 1.
A rm y: 28,000.
2 In fan try divisions.
40 T-34 and 100 T-54/65 med tks; 10 S U -
100 S P guns; 40 B T R - 60 and 50 BTR-152
APC; 100mm and 130mm guns; 152mm gun/
how; Snapper A T G W ; 37mm and 57mm AA
guns.
Reserves: 30,000.
A ir Force: 1,000 men; 10 com bat aircraft.
1 F G A sqn w ith 10 MIG-15.
30 An-2, H-14, and An-24 transports.
Yak-11 and Yak-18 trainers.
10 Ml-1 and M l-4 helicopters.
1 SAM b attalion w ith SA-2.
P ara-M llltary Forces: about 18,000 fron tier
guards and security police.
N E W ZE A LA N D
P op u lation : 2,961,869.
M ilita ry service: voluntary, supplem ented
b y T errito rial service o f 12 weeks fo r th e
Army.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 12,789.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $US 8.50 billion.
Defense budget 1973-74: $NZ 132 m illion
<$SUS 175 m illio n ).
SNZ 0.84 = $US 1 1 July 1972.
SNZ 0 .754=$US 1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 5,498.
1 In fan try battalion.
1 artillery battery.
R egu lar troops also form th e nucleus o f a
com bat brigade group, a logistic group, and
a reserve brigade group. These units would
be com pleted by the m ob ilization o f T e rri
torials.
10 M-41 I t tks; 9 Ferret scout cars; 59
M-113 APC; 16 25-pdr guns; 10 5.5-lnch med
guns; 28 105mm how.
D eploym en t: Singapore: 1 in f bn (less 1
c o y ).
Reserves: 6,708 Regular, 3,155 T erritorial.
N avy: 2.792.
4 frigates w ith Seacat SAM (2 w ith Wasp
h e l).
8 escort minesweepers.
1 survey ship.
1 research ship.
10 p atrol c ra ft (less than 100 t o n s ).
Reserves: 2,191 Regular, 209 Territorial.
A ir Force: 4,319: 29 com bat aircraft.
1 FB sqn w ith 10 A -4 K and 4 T A -4 K Sky-
1 FB sqn w ith 10 BAC 167.
1 M R sqn w ith 5 P-3B.
4 med tp t sqns w ith 5 C-130H, 9 Bristol
Freigh ter, 6 Dakota, and Devon.
13 UH -1D H Iroquois and 11 OH-13H
Sioux hel.
D eploym ent: Singapore: 1 transport squad
ron (B risto l F reigh ter tp ts and Iroquois
h e l).
P A K IS T A N
P op u lation : 64,800,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years selective.
T o ta l armed forces: 402,000, Including
some 75,000 m ilita ry PO W (arm y 55,000).
E stim ated G N P 1972: $4.7 m illion .
Defence budget 1973-74: 4,230 m illion ru
pees ($433 m illio n ).
11 ru p e e s = $ l 1 July 1972.
9.77 ru p e e s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 300,000 (In clu d in g 25,000 Azad
K ashm ir tr o o p s ).
2 armoured divisions.
12 in fa n try divisions.
1 Independent armoured brigade.
1 air defence brigade.
3 sqns arm y aviation.
300 M-47/48: 50 T -55 and 500 T-59 med
tks; 140 M-24, 50 M-41, and 20 P T-76 It tks;
250 M-113 APC; about 900 guns lncl 25-
pounder, 105mm and 155mm how and 130mm
guns; Cohra A T G W ; Cessna 0 -18 It ac; 12
M i-8, 15 Sioux, and 8 Alou ette H I hel.
Reserves: 500,000.
N avy: 10,000.
3 submarines.
1 lig h t cruiser/training ship.
4 destroyers.
2 fast frigates.
7 coastal minesweepers.
7 patrol boats.
2 UH-19 S A R hel (6 Sea K in g on o r d e r ).
Reserves: 5,000.
December 12, 1973
A ir Force: 17,000; 248 com bat aircraft.
2 lig h t bom ber squadrons w ith 10 B-57B.
2 flghter-bom ber squadrons w ith 20 M irage
IIIE P .
6 fighter-bom ber/interceptor sqns w ith 90
F-86.
7 FG A sqns w ith 112 M1G-19/F-6.
1 Interceptor squadron w ith 6 F-104A/B.
1 recce squadron w ith 4 R T-3 3A , 2 RB-57,
and 4 F-104B.
Transports include 4 C-130B, 1 C-46, and 1
F -2 .
10 Huskle. Alou ette H I, and UH-19 hel.
Reserves: 8,000.
P H IL IP P IN E S
Pop u lation : 40,200,000.
M ilitary service: selective.
T o ta l armed fo rce s : 42,700.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $8.2 billion.
Defence budget 1972-73; 648 m illio n pesos
($95 m illio n ).
6.8 pesos = $1 1 July 1972.
6.79 p e s o s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 19.300.
2 lig h t in fa n try divisions (un der stren gth ) .
5 Independent In fan try brigades (under
stre n gth ).
1 artillery group.
13 engineer construction battalions.
1 H A W K battalion.
M4 med tks; M-24 and M-41 It tks; M-113
APC; 105mm and 15mm guns; H A W K SAM.
N a vy: 12,200 (ln cl m arines and naval en gi
neers) .
1 destroyer escort.
11 patrol vessels.
9 p atrol gunboats.
4 hydrofoil patrol vessels.
18 p atrol boats (lees th an 100 to n s ).
2 coastal minesweepers.
9 lan din g ships.
1 m arine brigade.
2 engineer construction battalions.
A ir Force; 11,200; 62 com bat aircraft.
1 F G A sqn w ith 16 F-5A/B.
1 figh ter sqn w ith 24 F-86F..
2 C O IN sqns w ith 12 T -28 and 10 T-33.
2 transport sqns w ith 27 C-47, 8 F-27, and
4 Y S 11.
12 UH-1D, 2 MS-62A. and 2 H-34 hel.
(31 SF-260 M X trainers on order.)
Reserves: 218,500.
P ara -M illtary Forces: 27,180 P hilippine
Constabulary, organized in 7 bns and 1 bn
com bat group, deployed to 68 provincial cen
tres; 20,000 in armed civilia n self-defence
units; 37,000 security forces.
SING APO RE
P op u lation : 2,200,000.
M ilita ry service: 24-36 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 20,600.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $US 2.64 billion.
Defence budget 1972-73: $S693 m illio n
($US 249.3 m illio n ).
$S 2.78=$1 1 July 1972.
$S 2.36 = $1 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 19,000.
1 armoured brigade (3 armoured regi
m e n ts ).
3 In fan try bdes, ln cl 7 Infantry, 3 artillery,
3 engineer, and 1 signals bns.
75 AM X -13 tks; V-200 Com m ando APC 25-
pdr guns; 32 106mm recollless rifles, 120mm
mor.
Reserves: 30,000.
N a vy: 1,000.
6 fa s t p atrol boats.
1 seaward defence boat.
1 lan din g ship.
2 la n d in g c r a ft.
(G ab riel SSM on order.)
A ir Force: 600; 48 com bat aircraft.
1 F O A / r e c c e s q u a d r o n w i t h 16 H u n t e r (a
f u r t h e r 12 a n d 40 A - 4 S k y h a w k o n o r d e r ) .
1 C O IN sqn w ith 16 BAC-167 and 16 S F -
260.
1 tpt/llalson sqn w ith 8 Cessna-170 and 2
A lrtou rer (6 Skyvan, lncl 3 SAR, on o rd er).
1 helicopter SAR sqn w ith 8 Alou ette m .
December 12, 1973
Trainers Include H un ter T -7 , Provost, 6
W A-7, 4 Airtourer, and 16 SF-260MS.
28 Bloodhound SAM launchers (R a p ier on
o r d e r ).
P ara-M llltary Forces: 2 police companies:
9,000 People's D efence Force.
SRI L A N K * (C E Y L O N )
P op u lation : 13,300.000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
T o ta l armed forces: 12,500.
Estim ated G N P 1972: 82.07 b illion .
Defence budget 1970-71: 170 m illio n rupees
($29 m illio n ).
5.9 r u p e e s = $ l 1 July 1970.
6.4 ru p e e s = $ l 1 July 1972.
Arm y: 8.500,
2 brigades, each o f 3 battalions.
6 Saladin armed cars; 12 F erret scout cars.
Reserves: 12,000.
N avy: 2.300.
1 frigate.
29 small p atrol craft.
1 hydrofoil.
A ir Force: 1,700: 5 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter sqn w ith 5 M iG-17.
1 trg sqn w ith 1 M iG -16 and 6 Jet Provost.
4 h el sqns w ith 7 B ell 206, 6 B ell 47G, and
2 KA-26.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 16,000.
T H A IL A N D
P op u la tion : 36,714,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 180,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $7.3 billion.
D efen ce budget 1972-73 : 6,158.4 m illio n
bah t ($293 m illio n ).
21.1 b a h t $ l 1 July 1972.
20.48 b a h t = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 125,000.
4 In fan try divisions (In clu d ing 4 tank b at
ta lio n s) .
1 regim en tal com bat team.
1 SAM b attalion w ith 40 H A W K .
M 24 and M-41 I t tks: M -fl arm d cars; M -
3A1 scout cars; M-2, M-16, and about 200
M-113 APC; 200 105mm and 155mm how;
H A W K SAM ; 16 FH-1100. 3 Jet-R anger. 14
UH -1H , 2 CH-47, and 6 OH-23F hel.
Reserves: 300,000.
N a vy: 20,000 (In clu d in g 6,500 m arin es).
4 coastal minesweepers.
2 coastal m inelayers.
11 gunboats (1 less than 100 to n s ).
15 patrol boats.
8 lan din g ships.
8 lan din g craft.
1 M R sqn w ith 2 HU-16B and 5 S-2.
A ir Force: 35,000: 160 com bat aircraft.
1 figh ter-bom ber sqn w ith 11 F -5 A and
F-5B.
1 figh ter sqn w ith 20 F - 8 6 F .
2 R T -3 3 A reconnaissance aircraft.
6 C O IN sqns w ith 55 T-28D, 40 T -6, and
32 OV-lO .
2 tp t sqns w ith 25 C-47 and 13 C-123B.
2 h el sqns w ith 35 CH-34 and 23 UH-1H.
4 b attalion s o f airfield defence troops.
(30 A 4, 44 C O IN ac, and 25 h el on order.)
P a ra -M lllta ry Forces: 10.000 V olun teer D e
fence Corps; 8.000 Border P olice; V illage
M llltla. T h e Border P olice con trol 45 hel,
ln cl 11 B ell 205, 10 204B, and 13 FH-1100.
V IE T N A M D EM O CRATIC R E PU B LIC (N O R T H )
P op u la tion : 22,000.000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years m in im um
T o ta l armed forces: 578.000.
Estim ated defense expenditure 1970; 2,150
m illio n don g ($584 m illio n ).
3.68 dong $1 1 July 1970.
3.6 dong $1 1 July 1972.
A rm y: 564,750.
15 In fan try divisions plus an additional 2
train in g divisions. (In fa n try divisions n o r
m a lly to ta l about 12,000 men, inclu din g 3
in fa n try regim ents and 1 support regim en t.)
1 artillery division (of 10 regiments).
3 armoured regim ents.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
A b ou t 20 independent in fa n try regim ents.
46 SAM battalions (each w ith 6 SA-2
lau n ch ers).
12 A A a rtillery regiments.
T -34 and T-54 med tks; P T-7 6 T yp e 60 l t
tks; B TR -40 APC: SU-73 and JSU-122 SP
guns: 75mm, 105mm, 122mm, 175 130mm and
152 m m guns; 57 mm, 75mm, 82mm, and
107mm recollless rifles; 82mm, 100mm,
107mm, 120mm, and 160mm mortars;
107mm, 122mm, and 140mm R L; Sagger
A T G W ; 6,000 12.7mm, 14.5mm, 37mm, 57mm,
KS-12 85mm, and KS-19 100mm A A guns and
ZSU-572 S P A A guns; SA-2. SA-3, and SA-7
Strela SAM. Flrecan A A radar.
D eploym ent: A b ou t 145,000 In South V ie t
nam. 60,000 in Laos and 40,000 in Cambodia.
N a vy: 3,250.
3 coastal escorts (ex-S o viet S O I ty p e ).
28 ex-Chinese m otor gunboats (less than
100 to n s ).
13 m otor torpedo boats (1 Chinese P-6, 12
S oviet P -4 ).
A b ou t 12 sm all patrol boats (less than 100
to n s ).
Som e lan din g craft.
10 M l-4 S AR helicopters.
A ir Force: 10,000; 178 com bat aircraft.
1 ligh t bom ber sqn w ith 8 11-28.
4 in terceptor sqns w ith 40 M iG -2 IF P F
w ith A to ll AAM.
2 Interceptor sqns w ith 30 MIG-19 (ex-
C h ln ese).
7 flghter-bom ber sqns w ith 100 MtG-15/17.
20 An-2, 4 An-24, 12 11-14, and 20 Ll-2
transports.
12 M i-4 and 5 M l-6 helicopters.
A b out 50 train in g aircraft.
P ara -M llltary Forces: 20,000 Frontier,
Coast Security, and Peoples Arm ed Security
Forces: about 425,000 R egion al Arm ed
M llltla .
V IE T N A M R E PU B LIC O P V IE T N A M (S O U T H )
P op u la tion : 20,000,000.
M ilitary service: 2 years m inim um .
T o ta l armed forces: 572,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $2.5 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 189.4 b illion piastres
($379 m illio n ).
420 piastres $1 1 July 1972.
500 piastres =$1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 460,000.
11 In fan try divisions.
1 airborne division (3 b riga d e s).
7 independent armoured cavalry regiments.
3 Independent In fan try regim ents.
27 ranger battalions.
1 special forces group.
35 a rtille ry battalions.
450 M-47 and M-48 m ed tks; M-24. M-41.
and AM X -13 l t tks: Com m ando and G rey
hound armd cars; M3 scout cars; M-59 and
M-113 APC; 1,500 105mm and 155mm guns;
155mm S P guns; 175mm how; A A guns; T O W
ATGW .
N a vy: 45,000.
9 frigates (2 radar p ic k e t).
9 patrol vessels.
46 patrol gunboats.
2 coastal minesweepers.
21 lan d in g ships.
19 lan din g craft, u tility.
800 riverin e craft; Inshore patrol, patrol
boats, assault support p atrol boats, m onitors
(105mm h o w ). armoured troop carriers, com
mand and con trol boats, minesweepers, and
support ships.
A b ou t 250 diesel Junks.
M arines: 17,000.
1 division.
A ir Force: 50.000: 309 com bat aircraft.
1 F G A sqn w ith 18 F-5 A (p lu s 90 In stor
a g e ).
7 FB sqns w ith 168 A-37B (plus 60 In s tor
a g e ).
3 FB skns w ith 60 A-1H/J.
1 recce sqn w ith 10 RC-47 and 7 R F-5A .
1 gunshlp sqn w ith 16 AC-47.
40979
2 gunshlp sqns w ith 30 AC-119G.
8 tp t sqns w ith 40 C-47, 43 C-119, 56 C-123,
and 32 C-130E.
9 I t tp t sqns w ith 53 C-7, 10 U-6A, and 80
U-17A/B.
8 I t observation sqns w ith 248- 0 -1 .
18 hel sqns w ith 625 B ell UH-1 and 60
CH 47.
250 miscellaneous train in g aircraft.
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces:
R egion al Forces 285.000. form in g about
1,700 rifle companies, a t th e disposal o f the
p rovin cial governors.
Popular Forces 250,000, a hom e guard o f
about 7.500 platoons, w ith lig h t arms.
People's S e lf Defense Force 1,400,000;
p a rt-tim e village m llltla.
P olice F ield Force 35,000, In cluding spe
cial Internal security un its w ith armoured
vehicles and helicopters.
L a t in A m e r ic a
C O N T IN E N T A L T R E A T IE S A N D AG R E E M E N TS
I n M arch and A p ril 1945, th e A c t o f
Chapultepec was signed b y Argentina,
Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colom bia, Costa Rica,
Cuba, th e Dom inican Republic, Ecuador,
Guatem ala, H aiti, Honduras, M exico, N icara
gua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, th e United
States, Uruguay, and Venezuela. T h is A c t d e
clared th a t any attack upon a m em ber-party
w ould be considered an attack upon all. and
provided fo r the collective use o f armed force
to prevent or repel such aggression.
In Septem ber 1947 all the parties to the
C hapultepec Act except Ecuador and N i
caragua signed th e In ter-A m erica n T reaty
o f Reciprocal Assistance, otherwise known as
th e T rea ty o f R io (C uba w ith drew from the
T rea ty In March 1960). T h is T rea ty con
strained signatories to the peaceful settle
m en t o f disputes between themselves, and
provided fo r collective self-defen ce should
any m em ber-party be subject to external a t
tack.
T h e C harter o f th e O rgan ization o f A m eri
can States (O A S ), drawn up in 1948, e m
braced declarations based upon th e T rea ty o f
R io. T h e m em ber-partles th e signatories to
th e A c t o f Chapultepec plus Barbados, El
Salvador, Jamaica, and T rin id a d and
T ob ago are bound to peaceful settlem en t of
internal disputes, and to collective action In
th e even t o f external attack upon one or more
signatory states. (Legally. Cuba is a member
o f th e OAS, but has been excluded by a
decision o f OAS Foreign M inisters since
January 1962. Barbados and T rin ida d and
Tobago signed th e Charter In 1967.)
T h e U n ited States Is also a party to tw o
m u ltilateral defence treaties: the A c t o f
Havana, 1940, signed by representatives o f all
th e then 21 Am erican Republics, which pro
vides fo r th e collective trusteeship, by A m eri
can nations, o f European colonies and pos
sessions In th e Americas, should any attem p t
be made to transfer the sovereignty o f these
colonies fro m one non-A m erican pow er to
another; and th e H avana Convention, which
corresponds w ith th e A c t o f Havana, signed
in 1940 by the same states, w ith the excep
tio n o f B olivia. Chile. Cuba, and Uruguay.
A T rea ty fo r th e P roh ib ition o f Nuclear
W eapons In L a tin Am erica (T h e T latelolco
T re a ty ) was signed In February 1967 by 22
L a tin Am erican countries; 20 countries have
n ow ratified o r acceded to lt. A n Agency has
been set up by th e con tractin g parties to en
sure com pliance w ith th e treaty.
O T H E R AG R E E M E N TS
In J uly 1965, El Salvador. Guatem ala, H on
duras. and Nicaragua agreed to form a m ili
tary bloc for th e co-ordin ation o f a ll resist
ance against possible Com m unist aggression.
T h e U nited States has bilateral m ilita ry
assistance agreements w ith Argen tina, B o
liv ia , Brazil, Chile, Colom bia, th e D om inican
Republic. El Salvador, Guatem ala, Honduras,
40980 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
M exico, Nicaragua, Panama. Paraguay, Peru,
Uruguay, and Venezuela. She also has a b i
lateral agreem ent w ith Cuba, fo r Jurisdiction
and control over G uantanam o Bay. (T h is
agreem ent was confirm ed In 1934. In 1960 the
U n ited States stated th a t It could be m odi
fied o r abrogated on ly by agreem ent between
th e parties, and th a t she had no In ten tion o f
agreeing to m odification or abrogation.)
T h e S oviet Union has no defence agree
m ents w ith any o f the states In this area,
althou gh In recent years she has supplied
m ilita ry equipm en t to Cuba.
B ritain assures th e defence o f Belize,
France, o f French Guiana, and the N eth er
lands o f Surinam (D utch G u ia n a ).
A R G E N T IN A
P op u lation : 24,300,000.
M ilita ry service: Arm y and A ir Force, 1
year: Navy, 14 months.
T o ta l armed forces: 135,000.
Estim ated G N P 1971: *46.8 billion.
Defence budget 1973 : 4.434 b illion pesos
($889 m illio n ).
5 p esos=$l 1 J uly 1972.
4.99 pesos- $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 85,000.
2 armoured brigades.
1 horsed cavalry brigade.
2 m echanized in fa n try brigades.
1 In fan try brigade.
3 m ountain brigades.
1 airborne brigade.
10 a rtille ry regiments.
5 a n ti-a irc ra ft artillery regiments.
120 M 4 Sherman m edium tks; 120 A M X -
13 It tks; 250 M-113 APC; 105mm and 155mm
guns; 105mm pack how and 24 French Mk
F3 and 155mm SP how: recollle6s rifles; Cobra
A T G W ; T lgerca t SAM; 3 DHC-6 T w in O tter;
7 Bell U H -7H and 7FH-1100 hel.
Reserves: 250.000; 200,000 N ation al Guard
and 50,000 T errito rial Guard.
N avy: 33.000 (In clu d in g th e Naval Air
Force and M a rin e s).
1 aircra ft carrier.
4 submarines (2 more under con stru ction ).
3 cruisers.
10 destroyers (2 more under con stru ction).
2 patrol vessels.
6 coastal mlnesweepers/minehunters.
2 torpedo boats.
2 fast patrol boats.
1 lan din g ship.
4 LST.
Naval A ir F orce: 3.000; 35 com bat, aircraft.
15 A-4Q Skyhaick flghter-bom bers.
7 MB-326GB armed trainers.
7 S-2A Tracker, 6 P-2V5 Neptune M R a ir
craft.
3 HU-16B Albatross S A R aircraft.
6 Alou ette I I I and 4 Sea K in g ASW /SAR
hel.
7 C-47 and C-54 transport aircraft.
32 T -28 Fennec trainers.
Some Beech B-80 (Q ueen A ir ). C-45; H S -
125, PC-6, and DHC-6 general purpose air
craft.
(2 W estland Sea L yn x on order.)
M arines: 4,800.
4 m arine battalions.
1 field artillery b attalion (105mm h o w ).
1 A A battalion.
20 L U T P 7 and 15 L A R C 5 APC: 105mm,
155mm how: recollless rifles: Bantam A T G W ;
Tigercat SAM; 30mm A A guns.
A ir Force 17,000; 91 com bat aircraft.
10 B62 and 2 T.M k 64 Canberra bombers.
47 A -4 P Skyhawk flghter-bom bers.
42 M irage H IE and 1IIB fighters.
20 F-86P Sabre lighters.
10 MS-760 and 60 T -34 trainers.
C-130E, 5 DHC-6 Tw in O tte r. 11 F-27 Mk
400/600, 10 C-47, 6 C-45. and 4 DC-6 med
tpts; 20 Dove, 16 D lnfla G ua ra ni I I , 15 Aero
Com m ander, Beaver, and H uanquero I t typts.
14 Hughes 500M; 6 m ell UH-1H; 4 UH-1D;
6 UH-19 and 4 Bell 47 hel.
(50 1A-58 Purcard C O IN ac on order.)
P a ra -M ilita ry Forces: 19,000. G endarm erie:
11,000 men, 10 hel. under Arm y command,
m ainly fo r fro n tie r duties; th e N ation al
M aritim e P refectu re: 8,000, 1 frigate, 8 hel. 5
Skyvan, subordinate to the Navy, perform s
coastguard duties.
B O L IV IA
P op u lation : 5,340,000.
M ilita ry service: 12 m onths selective.
T o ta l armed forces: 21,800.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.32 billion.
Defense expenditure 1972: 307 m illion
pesos ($25.8 m illio n ).
11.88 pesos=$l 1 July 1972.
A rm y: 20,000.
12 In fan try regiments.
2 m otorized regim ents.
3 ranger battalions.
1 paratroop regim ent.
3 artillery regiments.
5 engineer battalions.
V M 706 and M-113 APC; lig h t m or and
arty.
N avy: Some lake patrol craft.
A ir Force: 1,800 : 29 com bat aircraft.
1 flgh ter sqn w ith 10 F-51D M ustang.
1 C O IN sqn w ith 13 A T -6 D and 6 T-28A
armed trainers.
20 tpts, ln cl C-47, 1 C-54. and 6 CV-440.
6 Cessna 172, 7 PT-19. 8 Fokker T-21, and
7 Cessna 185 com m unication aircraft.
13 T -33 A trainers.
12 Hughes 500M and H iller OH-23C/D h el
icopters.
P ara -M llltary Forces: A b ou t 5,000 armed
police and fro n tier guards.
B R A ZIL
Pop u lation : 100,760,000.
M ilitary service: 1 year.
T o ta l armed fo rce s : 208,000.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $50.4 billion.
D efence budget 1972 : 6.517 b illion cru zei
ros ($1,105 m illio n ).
5.9 c ru z e lro s = $ l 1 J u ly 1972.
6.05 c ru z e iro s = $ l 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 130.000.
1 arm oured division.
4 m echanized divisions.
7 In fan try divisions.
( Some o f these divisions are bein g reorga
nized In to "Indepen den ce" brigades.)
1 airborne division.
150 M 4 Sherm an and 40 M47 P atto n med
tks; M -3 S tu art and 100 M-41 W alker B u ll
dog It tks; 120 V etell A1 Cu tla APC/armd
car; 40 M-113 and M-59 APC; M -7 105mm SP
how; H A W K SAM (4 Roland SAM on o rd er).
N avy: 43,000 (In clu d in g Naval A ir Force,
Marines, and A u xiliary C o rp s).
4 submarines (3 m ore on o r d e r ).
1 ASW a ircra ft carrier.
2 cruisers.
12 destroyers (1 w ith Seacat S A M ).
5 destroyer escorts.
10 corvettes (rescue s h ip s ).
4 coastal minesweepers.
6 coastal patrol gunboats.
2 river p atrol boats (3 more on o r d e r ).
2 LST.
(6 frigates on order; 2 w ith tw in Exocet
SSM. 4 w ith Ik ara A S W ).
Naval A ir F o rce:
3 SH-3D, 4 SH-1-5-58 (Sikorsky S -58 ), 3
U H -2 (W estland W a s p ). 4 UH-4 (H iller F H -
1100), U H -5 (W estlan d W h irlw in d ), 10
IH -2 A (Hughes 200), and 1 IH -2 B (Hughes
300).
A ir F o rc e : 35,000; 216 com bat aircraft.
1 It bom ber sqn w ith 15 B -26K Invader.
1 Interceptor sqn w ith 16 M irage IIIE B R .
6 C O IN sqns w ith 90 A T -6 G . 460 AT-37C
(112 AF-26 X avan te on ord er) (operate w ith
A r m y ).
13 Tracker. 12 Neptune. 13 Albatross, 8
P B Y -5 Catalina, and 9 RC-130E Hercules
M R aircraft.
40 L-42 Regente. O - l Bird Dog, and L-6
Paullstln h a observatlon/llalson aircraft
(w ith A r m y ).
A bout 180 transports, lncl 56 C-47, DC-6B,
4 C-118, 12 C-119F, 10 C-130E, 5 HS-125, 6
December 12, 1973
HS-748, 2 BAC111, 24 DHC-5, and 5 Pllatu s
Porter. (C-45 and C-47 being replaced by 80
C-95 Bandelrante; 12 Fokker F27/F28 on
order.)
70 T-23 Ulrapuru, 150 T -25 Universal, 63
Cessna T-37C, 7 M a g i s t e r , and Fokker S - ll/
12 trainers.
43 H-13J, 16 UH-1D, and 6 OH-4A/6A heL
(48 F-5E, 30 Gazelle, and 22 U H -1H on or
der.)
P ara-M llltary Forces: Various public secu
rity forces to ta l ab ou t 150,000. T h ere are
State m ilitias In addition.
C H IL E
P opulation : 9,200.000.
M ilitary service: 1 year.
T o ta l armed forces: 60,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $7.07 b illion .
Defence budget 1973 : 8,000 m illio n escudos
($174 m illio n ).
28 escu d os= $1 1 July 1972.
46 escudos =$1 1 July 1973.
Arm y: 32.000.
5 divisions in c l:
6 cavalry regim ents (2 armoured, 4 h orsed ).
16 In fan try regim ents (ln c l 10 m o to rized ).
5 artillery regiments.
Some an ti-aircraft and support detach
ments.
76 M -4 Sherman med tks: 10 M -3 S tu art It
tks; some APC; Model 56 105mm pack how;
AA arty.
Reserves: 200.000.
N a vy: 18.000.
2 submarines.
3 cruisers.
4 destroyers.
3 destroyer escorts.
4 m otor torpedo boats.
1 patrol vessel.
5 lan din g ships.
(2 Oberon-class submarines and 2 Leander-
class frigates w ith Seacat SAM are on order.)
1 HU-16C Albatross.
5 C-45 and 5 C-47 tpts; 4 JetR anger h eli
copters.
A ir Force: 10,000; 41 com bat aircraft.
1 It bom ber sqn w ith 12 B-26 Invader.
2 figh ter sqns w ith 18 H un ter F-71 and 11
F-80C.
Ab out 90 transports. Including 20 C-45, 8
DHC-6 T w in O tter, 9 Beechcraft 99A, 25 C-47,
4 C-118, 4 DC-6, and 2 C-130E Hercules.
5 T w in Bonanza. 10 Cessna 180, 4 Cessna
O - l, and 20 T S liaison aircraft.
45 T-34, 10 T-37B, 8 T-33A, and 5 Vam pire
trainers.
30 helicopters, Including 7 Bell OH-13H, 2
Sikorsky UH-19, 16 H iller OH-23G, and 2 Bell
UH-1D.
P ara-M llltary Forces: Carablneros 30,000.
C O LO M B IA
P opulation : 23,200.000.
M ilitary service: 1 year.
T o ta l armed forces: 63,200.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $7.59 billion.
Estim ated defence expenditure 1973: 2,035
m illio n pesos ($92 m illio n ). 22 pesos=$l
1 July 1972. 22 pesos=$l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 50,000 (300,000 on fu ll m ob iliza
tio n ).
8 In fan try brigades.
1 Presidential Guard an ti-gu erilla b a tta l
ion.
M otorized In fan try, artillery, and engineer
units.
M -3A1 S tu art lig h t tanks; M -8 armoured
cars: 105mm how; mortars.
Reserves: 250,000.
N avy: 7.200.
2 s u b m a r in e s .
5 destroyers.
4 destroyer/transports.
8 c o a s t a l p a t r o l v e s s e ls .
5 river gunboats.
14 patrol m otor launches (less than 100
to n s).
A ir Force: 6,000; 18 com bat aircraft.
14 M irage V and 4 M irage IIIR / D . (F -5 on
order.)
December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
Ab out 50 transport a ircra ft ln cl 2 0-130
C-47, C-54, D HC-2 Beaver, D HC-3 O tter, Aero
Commander. 1 Fokker F-28. and 4 HS-748.
A b out 50 trainers ln cl 10 A-37, 30 T-41D,
some AT-33, and Beech T-34.
16 B ell 47. 12 Hughes O H -6A, 6 K am an
Huskle. 6 TH-55, 1 Bell UH-1B, and 4 H iller
H-23.
P ara-M ilitary Forces: 35,000 N ation al
P olice Force.
CUBA
Pop u lation : 8,850,000.
M ilitary service: 3 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 108,500.
E stim ated G N P 1970: $4.5 b illion .
Estim ated defence expenditure 1971: 290
m illion peso ($290 m illio n ). 1 p eso =$1 1 July
1970. 1 p e s o = $ l 1 J uly 1971.
Arm y: 90,000.
15 In fan try divisions (b rig a d e s ).
2 arm oured brigades.
8 Independent brigades' (b attalio n
grou ps).
Over 600 tks in clu din g h y tks, T -3 4 and
T-54/55 m ed tks and P T-7 6 It tks; 200 B T R -
40, BTR-60, and BTR-152 APC; 100 SU-100
assault guns; 122mm and 152mm guns; 30
F R O G -4 and 20 Sallsh SSM; 57 mm, 76mm,
and 85 m m A T k guns; Snapper A T G W .
Reserves: 90,000.
N a vy: 6,500.
2 frigates (e x - U S ).
2 escort p atrol vessels (e x - U S ).
18 submarine chasers (e x -S o v iet SOI,
K ro n s ta d t).
2 Osa- and 18 Kom ar-class F P B w ith Styx
SSM.
24 M TB (ex-S o viet P -4 and P - 6 ) .
18 M i-4 hel.
50 S am let coastal defense SSM.
A ir Force: 12,000 (In clu d in g the A ir D e
fen ce F o rc e s ); 215 com bat aircraft.
1 flgh ter-bom b er sqn w ith 20 M IG-15.
5 Interceptor sqns w ith 80 M iG-21.
2 in terceptor sqns w ith 40 M iG-19.
4 In terceptor sqns w ith 75 M iG-17.
A b o u t 70 11-15, An-24, and A n -2 t p t ac.
Train ers include 30 M iG 15 U T I and Z lin -
326.
A b o u t 24 M i-4 and 30 M l-1 helicopters.
24 SAM bns w ith 144 SA-2.
P a ra -M illta ry Forces: 10,000 State Security
troops; 3,000 border guards; 200,000 Peoples
M ilitia .
D O M IN IC A N R E PU B LIC
P op u la tio n : 4,400,000.
M ilita ry service: selective.
T o ta l armed forces: 15,800.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $1.85 b illion .
E stim ated defence expenditu re 1972 : 33
m illio n pesos ($33 m illio n ),
1 p e s o = $ l 1 J u ly 1972.
1 p eso = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 9,000.
3 In fan try brigades.
1 artillery regim ent.
1 a n ti-a irc ra ft regim ent.
Reconnaissance, engineer, and signals
units.
30 AM X -13 It tks; som e A PCs, arm d cars,
and lig h t artillery.
N avy: 3,800.
3 frigates.
2 corvettes.
2 fleet minesweepers.
3 patrol vessels.
1 lan din g ship.
2 lan din g craft.
A ir Force: 3,000; 35 com bat aircraft.
3 B-26 In vad er lig h t bombers.
1 filgh ter-bom b er sqn w ith 10 Vam pire
M ark 1.
1 flgh ter-bom ber sqn w ith 20 F-51D Mus
tang.
2 P B Y -5 A Catalina m aritim e patrol air
craft.
1 tpk sqn w ith 6 C-46, 6 C-47, 3 DHC-2
Beaver, and 3 Cessna 170.
30 trainers. Including T -6 Texan, T - l l
Kansan, BT-13 Valiant, and P T -1 7 K aydet.
2 Bell OH-13, 2 Sikorsky H-19, 2 H iller
UH-12, 7 Hughes OH-6A. and 3 Alouette
I I / m hel.
P a ra -M illta ry Forces: 10,000 Gendarm erie.
ECUADOR
P op u la tion : 6,600,000.
M ilita ry service: selective fo r 2 years.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 22,200.
E stim ated G N P 1972: $1.83 billion.
E stim ated defence budget 1973: 1,221 m il
lio n sucres ($49 m illio n ).
25 sucres $1 1 July 1972.
24.71 sucres $11 July 1973.
A rm y: 15,000.
11 In fan try battalions.
1 parachute battalion.
3 reconnaissance squadrons.
4 horsed cavalry squadrons.
10 Independent In f coys.
3 artillery groups.
1 a n ti-a irc ra ft battalion.
2 engineer battalions.
15 M -3 S tu art and M-41 Bu lldog and 41
AM X -13 I t tks; Panhard AML-245 arm d cars;
some A P C ln cl am phibians.
1 Skyvan. 1 Cessna T-41, and 3 P iper Cub.
N a vy: 3,700.
3 destroyer escorts.
2 coastal escorts.
2 m otor gunboats.
3 m otor torpedo boats.
6 patrol craft.
2 landing ships.
A ir Force: 3,500 com bat aircraft.
5 Canberra bombers.
8 M eteor F R -9 interceptors.
2 P B Y -5 C atalina m aritim e patrol aircraft.
1 tp t skn w ith 6 C-45, 8 C-47, 4 DC-6B, 1
Skyvan 3M, and 3 HS-748.
25 trainers inclu din g T-28, T-33. and 12 T -
41.
3 B ell 47G and 1 FH-1100 hel.
(8 BAC167 fighters and 6 A lo u tte H I hel
on order.)
P a ra -M lllta ry Forces: 5,800.
M E X IC O
P op u lation : 53,450,000.
M ilita ry service: voluntary, w ith p art-tim e
conscript m ilitia.
T o ta l arm ed forces: 71,000 regulars; 250,000
conscripts.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $39.45 b illion .
D efen ce budget 1973 : 4,409 m illio n pesos
($352 m illio n ).
12.5 pesos $1 1 July 1972.
12.52 pesos $1 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 54,000, plus 250,000 p art-tim e con
scripts.
1 m echanized brigade group (Presiden tial
G u a rd ).
1 in fa n try brigade group.
1 parachute brigade.
Zon al Garrisons In clu d ing:
21 Independent cavalry regim ents.
50 independent in fa n try battalions.
2 artillery battalions.
A n ti-a irc ra ft, engineer, and support units.
M -3 S tu art I t tks; APCs; 100 armd cars;
75 mm and 105mm how.
N a vy: 11,000 (In clu d ing Naval A ir Force
and M a rin e s ).
2 destroyers.
8 frigates.
2 gunboats.
15 escort and fleet minesweepers.
10 p atrol boats.
1 troop transport.
N aval A ir Force: 336; 5 com bat aircraft.
5 P B Y -5 C atalina M R; 4 Bell 47G, 1 Bell
47J, and 4 A lo u ette m hel.
M arines: 1,900 men; organized In 16 com
panies.
A ir Force: 6,000; 27 com bat aircraft.
1 flgh ter-bom b er sqn w ith 12 Vam pire.
1 C O IN sqn w ith 15 T-33A.
1 S A B skn w ith 18 LASA-60 I t ac.
130 trainers, in clu din g 4 T -6 Texan, 13
A T - l l Kansan. 32 T-28 Trogan. and 10 T-34
M entor. (T h e T-6, AT-11, T-28, and T-34
aircra ft can be used fo r ground support.)
A b out 50 transports. Including 6 C-47. 5
40981
C-54, 20 C-45. 2 C-118 Islander, and 1 Jetstar.
A b o u t 30 helicopters; 14 B ell 47. 1 Bell
212, 3 Puma, 5 JetRanger, 6 Alou ette H I, and
I H iller UH-12E. 1 parachute battalion.
PA R A G U A Y
Pop u la tion : 2,520,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T o ta l armed forces: 14,900.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $708 m illion.
D efence budget 1973 : 2,335.9 b illion guar
anies ($19 m illio n ).
130 guaranies = $1 1 July 1972.
125 g u a ra n ie s = $ l 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 11,000.
1 cavalry brigade.
6 in fa n try regim ents.
5 m otorized engineer battalions.
3 artillery batteries.
9 M -4 Sherm an m ed tks; APCs; 75mm and
105 nun how.
N avy: 1,900 (In c lu d in g m a rin e s).
1 support ship (L S M ) w ith 2 UH-13 hel.
2 riv er gunboats.
3 patrol boats.
2 patrol launches.
3 river patrol boats.
A ir F o rce: 2,000; 6 com bat aircraft.
A b ou t 20 trainers ln cl 6 T -6 Texan (some
fitted fo r b o m b s ), PT-17 K aydet, and MS-760.
1 C-47, C-54, and 1 DHC-6 T w in O tter tpts.
20 helicopters. Including 4 Bell 47C, 3 H iller
UH-12E, and 12 B ell UH-13.
P ara -M ilitary Forces: 8,500 security forces.
PERU
P op u lation : 14,900,000.
M ilita ry service: 2 years.
T otal armed forces: 54,000.
Estim ated G N P 1972: $7.11 billion.
Defence budget 1973: 10,193 m illion soles
($240 m illio n ). (P eru n ow uses a biennial
defence budget system. T h is estim ate repre
sents th e 1973 portion o f a to tal 20,125 m il
lio n soles budget fo r 1 Jan. 1972-31 Dec.
1974.)
45. soles = $1 1 Ju ly 1972.
42.44 s o le s = $ l, 1 July 1973.
A rm y: 39,000.
1 arm oured brigade.
7 In fa n try brigades.
1 com m ando brigade.
M ountain, parachute, artillery, and en gi
neer battalions.
60 M-4 Sherm an med tks; 100 AM X-13 It
tks; 60 M-3A1 W h ite scout cars; some 105mm
and 155mm guns. 8 Bell 47G hel.
N a vy: 8,000.
4 submarines.
3 lig h t cruisers (1 m ore being d eliv ered ).
4 destroyers.
3 destroyer escorts.
2 submarine chasers.
6 fast patrol craft.
2 coastal minesweepers.
3 patrol boats.
4 lan din g ships.
2 Bell 47G and 2 Alou ette I U helicopters.
A ir Force: 7,000; 85 com bat aircraft.
15 Canberra lig h t bombers.
14 M irage V fighters (m ore on o rd er).
10 F-86F and 6 H unter F-52 fighters.
20 T -3 3 A armed trainers.
(T h e above a ircra ft form three com bat
groups o f tw o or three squadrons each.)
1 photo-recce squadron w ith 10 C -60.
1 m a ritim e recce squadron w ith 6 P V -2
Harpoon.
4 HU-16A Albatross m aritim e patrol air
craft.
T p t and comms aircraft, ln cl 9 C-130, 4
C-54, 6 DC-6, 19 C-47, 12 DHC-6 T w in Otter.
21 Beech Queen Air, and 16 DHC-5 Buffalo.
T rain ers lncl 2 H un ter T-62, 2 M irage IIIB ,
8 T-33. 26 T-37B. and 19 Cessna T-41A.
Helicopters include 4 Bell 47G. 10 Alou ette
I I I . 4 M i-8, 2 B ell 212, 13 UH-1H, 9 UH-1D,
and 2 H iller UH-12B.
Para -M llltary Forces: 20.000 Guardia Civil.
URUGUAY
Pop u lation : 3,000,000.
M ilitary service: voluntary.
40982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE December 12, 1973
T ota l armed forces: 21,000. A b o u t 30 trainers ln cl 20 T -6 Texan and 6 tank destroyers and some armd cars (161
E stim ated G N P 1972: $2.36 billion. T-33 A (som e o f w hich are a r m e d ). AM X -30 and 20 AM X-155 SP guns on o rd er).
Defence budget 1972: 43,964 m illio n pesos T p t ac lncl 14 C-47. 2 Fokker F-27, 1 N avy: 7,500 (In clu d in g 4,000 m arines).
($77 m illio n ). D H C-2 Beaver. 2 Beech Queen Air. and 2 3 submarines.
570 pesos=$l 1 July 1972. F-227. 4 destroyers.
895 pesos=$l 1 July 1973. 2 Bell U H -1H and 2 H iller UH-12 hel. 6 destroyer escorts.
Arm y: 16,000. P ara -M llltary Forces: 22,000. 10 submarine chasers.
2 armoured regiments. V E N E ZU E LA 4 landing ships.
5 In fan try regim ents (o f 3 battalions
e. >-h). P op u lation : 11,500,000. (6 FP B w ith O tom at SSM are on order.)
M ilita ry service: 2 years. A ir Force: 6,000; 129 com bat aircraft.
8 cavalry sqns.
4 artillery groups. T ota l armed forces: 37.500. 30 B-2 Canberra bombers.
5 engineer battalions. Estim ated G N P 1972: $11.97 billion. 15 B25 M itch ell lig h t bombers.
8 M-24 l t tks: 10 M-3A1 scout cars; 18 Defence budget 1973: 1,396 m illio n tooll- 18 C F-5A fighters.
M-113A1 APC; 105mm how. vares ($325 m illio n ). 50 F-86F/K fighters.
Reserves: 100.000. 4 4 bolivares equal $1 1 July 1972. 16 O V -lO A C O IN aircraft.
4 .3 0 b o liv a r e s e q u a l $1 1 J u l y 1973. 47 tp t ac lncl 12 C-47, 18 C-123B, and 4
N a vy: 3,000.
A rm y: 24,000. C-130H.
2 destroyer escorts. 1 armoured brigade.
1 corvette (tr a in in g ). 38 trainers lncl 2 M irage H ID , T -34 M en
1 c a v a lr y r e g im e n t . tor, T-52 Jet Provost, and HS-748.
1 escort vessel. I tank battalion group. 24 hel Include Alou ette I I I and UH-1D.
2 patrol vessels. 13 In fan try battalions. (F -5 and 16 M irage I I I fighters on order.)
1 coastal minesweeper. I I ranger battalions. Para -M llltary Forces: T h e National Guard,
3 S-2 A Tracker m aritim e patrol aircraft. 6 artillery groups. a volu nteer force w ith a to ta l strength o f
2 B ell 47G and 4 U H -12 helicopters. 5 engineer and a n ti-a irc ra ft battalions. 10.000, em ployed chiefly on internal security
A ir Force: 2,000; 10 com bat aircraft. 16 AM X -30 med tks; AM X -13 l t tks; M-18 duties.

ARMED FORCES OF OTHER LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES >

Estimated Estimated Total Army Para

population GNP armed Navymanpower and Air Forcemanpower and military
Country (thousands) (millions) forces Manpower and formations Equipment equipment equipment forces

Cl Salvador 3,920 $1,113 5.630 4,5001 cav regt; 5 inf bns; 1302 patrol boats 1,000-4 F-4U fighters; 6 F- 3,000
2 arty bns; 1 AA bn; 1 para 51D FGA; 4 C 47 tpts; 30
trainers.
Guatemala .. 5,690 2,130 11.200 10,0&6 inf bns; 1 para bn; 10 M 4 med tks; 10 M 3A1 It 2001 gunboat; 6 patrol cralt. 1,000- 4 B 26 It bbrs; 6 F-51D 3.000
1 engr bn; 1 arty bty; 1 armd tks: some M 113 APC; M 8 FGA; 8 A-37B COIN; 4 RT-
cat coy. armd cars; 105mm how. 33A; 11 tpts (4 C 47); 10 hel
Guyana . 780 283 2,200 2, 200-2 inf bns 4 APC; m ortars 3 patrol launches . 2 BN 2A It tpts; 2 Hello 269 It 2.250
ac (under Army).
Haiti .. 5.200 >514 6.550 6, 0001 inf bn; several small 9 It tks; some APC; 37 mm. 3004 patrol craft; 1 landing 250-3 C-47. 2 C 45 tpts (6 hel 14.900
combat teams. 75 mm and 105 mm guns; craft on order).
57 mm ATk guns.
Honduras - 2.890 781 5.735 4,5003 inf bns; 20 inf coys; Some It tks; 75 mm how 3S3 patrol craft 1,2006 F AU fighters; 3 RT- 2.500
2 arty btys; engr bn. 33A; 4 C 47, 1 C 54 tpts; 3
H-19 hel.
Nicaragua. 2.200 955 7,100 5,400up to 20 ini coys; mot Some It tks; APC; armd cars; 200 (coastguard); 4 patrol 1,5004 B 26 It bbrs; 6 T-33A 4.000
det; 1 AA bty; 1 engr bn. It AA guns; 2 Cessna U-17A; vessels. COIN; 16 tpts (3 C 47); 15
It ac. trainers (6 I 28 A); 5 hel.

i Costa Rica and Panama maintain paramilitary torces, numbering 5.000 and 11,000 respectively. >1971.
Neither has regular armed forces.

THE MILITARY BALANCE 1973-74TABLES OF COMPARATIVE STRENGTHS

NUCLEAR DELIVERY VEHICLES: COMPARATIVE STRENGTHS AND CHARACTERISTICS
(A ) UNITED STATES AND SOVIET UNION
( i) MISSILES AND ARTILLERY

United States Soviet Union

Maximum Number Maximum Number
range* Estimated deployed range * Estimated deployed
(statute warhead First (statute warhead First (July
Category Type miles) yield deployed 1973!! Type* miles) yield * deployed 1973)

Land-based missiles:
ICBM IGM 2SC Titan 2 7.250 5-10 MT . . . . 1962 54 SS-7 Saddler 6,900 5 M T ... . 1961 \ 209
LGM 30B Minuteman 1 7,500 1 MT 1962 140 SS 8 Sasin 6. 900 5 MT 1963 )
LGM 30F Minuteman 2 . 8,000 1 2 MT . . . 1966 510 SS 9 Scarp 7. 500 20 25 M T * ... 1965 288
IGM 30G Minuteman 3 8,000 3X200 K T . . .. 1970 350 SS 11 6.500 1-2 MT * 1966 *970
SS 13 SavageT 5,000 1 MT . . 1968 60
IKBM SS 5 Skean * 2, 300 1 MT 1961 100
MRBM SS-4 Sandal11 1,200 1 MT . 1S59 500
SRBM . MGM 29A Sergeant >>* 85 1962 (500) SS lb Scud A 50 1957 ]
MOM 31A Pershing 450 do 1962 (250) SS lc Scud B 185 do 1965 \ (300)
SS 12 Scaleboard 500 do 1969 1
SS N 3 Shaddock 450 KT range 1962 4100)
Unguided rockets MGR IB Honest John 25 KT range 1953 NA FROG 1 -7 * . . 10 45 do 1957 65 (600)
Sea-ba*ed missile:
SLBM (nuclear subs) UGM 27B Polaris A 2 1,750 800 KT . 1962 i 336 SS-N- 5 Serb . 750 MT range 1964 30
UGM 27C Polaiis A3 * . . . . 2.880 1 MT or 3 X 1964 1 SS N 6 . 1,750 do 1969 496
200 KT.
2,880 10 x 50 K T .. 1971 320 SS N 8 4,000 do 1972 36
St BM (diesel subs) SS N 4 Sark 350 do 1961 36
SS-N 5 Serb ... 750 do 1%4 30
long-range cruise missiles (subs) SS N 3 Shaddock. . . 450 KT range 1962 338
long-range cruise missiles (surface ves do 450 do.. .. 1962 48
sels.
M 110 203mm (8 in) how . 10 KT range. . . 1962 102
M 109 155mm how > 10 2KT 1964 306
Towed M 115 203mm (8 in) how *. 10 KT range 1950 NA M-55 203 mm gun/ 18 KT range 1950 NA
how.11

Footnotes a t end o f table.

 December 12, 1973 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 40983
(Ii) AIRCRAFT '

United States Soviet Union

Max. Max. Max. Number Max. Max. Max. Number
range T speed weapons deployed rangelT speed weapons deployed
(statute (Mach load First (statute (Mach load First
Category Type miles) no.) i* (pound) deployed 1973) Type** miles) n o .) (pound) deployed 1973)

Long-range bombers B-52 D-F r .^ a 11,500 0.95 60,000 1956 Tu-95 Bear 7,800 0.78 40,000 1956 100
B-52 G/H 12.500 .95 75.000 1959 6.050 .87 20,000 1956 40
Medium-ranae bombers FB-111A 3.800 2.5 37,500 1969 2074 Tu-16 Badger 4,000 .8 20,000 1955 " 800
Strike aircraft (ind short-range bomb F-105D 2 , 100 2.25 16,500 1960 11-28 Beagle 2,500 .81 4,850 1950
ers): land-based. F-4 . 2,300 2.4 16,000 1962 Su-7 Fitter 900 1.7 4,500 1959
F - l l l A/E 3,800 2. 2/2.5 25,000 1967 Tu-22 Blinder 1,400 1.5 12,000 1962
A 7D 3, 400 .9 15,000 1968 Yak-28 Brewer 1,750 1.1 4,400 1962 23(1300)
Mig 21 MF Fishbed J . 1,150 2.2 2,000 1970
Mig 23 Flogger 1,800 2.5 NA. 1971
Strike aircraft: carrie r-b ase d ....:. A4 2,055 .9 10,000 1956
A 6A . . 3,225 .9 18.000 1963
A-7A.B/E 3. 400 .9 15,000 1966
F-4 1,997 2.4 1,600 1962

( I I I) HISTORICAL CHANGES OF STRENGTHS. 1963-73 (MID-YEARS)

1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973

United States:
ICBM 424 834 854 904 1,054 1,054 1, 054 1,054 1, 054 1, 054 1. 054
SLBM 224 416 496 592 656 656 656 656 656 656 656
Long-range bombers9 630 630 630 630 600 545 560 550 505 455 522
U.S.S.R.:
ICBM 100 200 270 300 460 800 1,050 1,300 1,510 1, 527 1, 527
SLBM 100 120 120 125 130 130 160 280 440 560 628
Long-range bombers 190 190 190 200 210 150 150 150 140 140 140

>ICBM=inter-continental ballistic missile (range 4,000 + miles); IRBM = intermediate-range
ballistic missile (range 1.500-4,000 miles); MRBM = medium-range ballistic missile (range 500
1.500 miles); SRBM~short-range ballistic missile (range under 500 miles); SLBM-submarine-
launched ballistic missile. Long-range cruise missile = range over 250 miles.
* Operation range defends upon the payload carried; use of maximum payload may reduce
missile range by up to Z5 per cent.
* MT = megaton= million tons of TNT equivalent (MT range=l MT or over); KT~kik>ton =
thousand tons of TNT eq uivalent (KT range -less than 1 MT); figures given are estimated maxima.
Numerical designations of Soviet missiles (e.g. SS-7) are of US origin; names (e.g. Saddler)
are of NATO origin.
* SS 9 missiles have also been tested with (i) three warheads of 4-5 MT each, (ii) a modified
payload for use as a depressed trajectory ICBM (OICBM) or fractional orbit bombardment sys>
temjFOBS).
* There are also 25 large silos under construction, possibly to receive SS-18 missiles, an im
proved version of the SS-9, fitted with MRV.
1 There are also 66 smaller silos under construction, which are expected to receive SS-16 mis
siles. an improved version of the SS-13; or SS-17 missiles, an improved version of the SS-U ,
with MRV.
1 SS-11 missiles have also been tested with three smaller warheads.
* Including those deployed within IRBM/MRBM fields.
A mobile IRBM (SS-XZ Scrooge) has been displayed and tested but is not known to be de
ployed operationally.
* A mobile missile (SS-14 Scapegoat), apparently with MRBM range, has been displayed and
ested but is not known to be deployed operationally.
u Dual capable (i.e., capable of delivering conventional explosives or nuclear warheads).
** To be replaced by Lance, an SRBM with a maximum range of 70 miles and a warhead in the
KT range.
m Most Polaris A3 missiles have been modified to carry three warheads.
** All aircraft listed are dual-capable and many, especially in the categories of strike aircraft,
would be more likely to carry conventional than nuclear weapons.
Long-range bomber = maximum range over 6,000 miles; medium-range bomber=maximum
range 3,500-6,000 miles, primarily designed for bombing missions.
o Theoretical maximum range, with internal fuel only, at optimum altitude and speed. Ranges
for strike aircraft assume no weapons load. Especially in the case of strike aircraft, therefore,
range falls sharply for flights at lower altitute, at higher speed or with full weapons load (e.g.,
the combat radius of A-7 at operational height and speed, with typical weapons load, is approx*
imately 620 miles).
Mach 1 (M = 1.0=speed of sound).
* Names of Soviet aircraft (e.g.. Bear) are of NATO origin.
Including approximately 8 FB-111A and 45 B-52 aircraft in active storage.
Excluding approximately 50 Mya-4 aircraft configured as tankers.
" Including approximately 300 Tu-16 aircraft in the Naval Air Force, configured for attacks on
shipping, which could, in theory, deliver nuclear weapons.
These aircraft are nuclear-capable but may not necessarily have a nuclear role.
Note: NANot available.

(B ) OTHER NATO AND WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES

CO MISSILES AND ARTILLERY

NATO (excluding United States) Warsaw Pact (excluding U.S.S.R.)

Maxi Maxi
mum Number mum Number
range * Estimated deployed range * Estimated deployed
Operated (statute warhead First Operated (statute warhead First
Category1 Type * by miles) yield* deployed lO T# Type* by* miles) yield* deployed 1973)

Land-based missiles:
IRBM . . . SSBS S-2 F R ... 1,875 150 KT 1971 18
SRBM . . . MGM-29A Sergeant7. GE 1962 19 SS-lb Scud A fBU 1957 NA
Icz
MGM-31A Pershing7. GE 450 do 1962 72 S S -lc Scud B |EG 1 85 do 1965 NA
I po
Unguided rockets.... . . . MGR-IB Honest () 25 do 1953 (150) FROG 1-7 All 10-45 . . . .do 1957-65 NA
John.
SLBM . . . . . . UMG-27C Polaris A3. B R ^ 2.880 3X200 KT . . . 1967 64
MSBS M -l FR 1, 380 500 KT 1972 32
Artillery:
Self-propelled . . . M-110203mm (8 (>) 10 KT range 1962 NA
in) how.
M-109 155mm how .. (') 10 2 KT 1964 NA
Towed . . . M-115203mm(8 (*) 10 KT range 1950 NA
in) how.

i IRBM =intermediate-range ballistic missile (range 1,500-4,000 miles); SRBM=short-range
ballistic missile (range under 500 miles); SLBM =*submarine-launched ballistic missile.
* All NATO vehicles are of American origin, with the exception of the SSBS IRBM and the
MSBS, SLBM, which are of French origin.
8 BR Britain, FR = France, GE = West Germany, BU-Bulgaria, CZ=Czechoslovakia, EG - East
Germany, PO =*Poland.
Operational range depends upon the payload carried; use of maximum payload may reduce
missile range by up to 25 per cent.
: KT=kiloton=thousand tons of TNT equivalent (KT range=less than 1 MT); figures given are
estimated maxima.
All Warsaw Pact vehicles are of Soviet origin. Numerical designations (e.g., SS-lb) are of
American origin; names (e.g.. Scud A) are of NATO origin.
T These SRBM are operated by West Germany but the nuclear warheads from them are in Ameri
can custody. Sergeant is dual-capable (i.e., capable of delivering conventional or nuclear
weapons).
These dual-capable systems are operated by the countries shown but nuclear warheads for
them are in Soviet custody.
Honest John is dual-capable and is operated by Belgium, Britain, Denmark, West Germany,
Greece, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey, but with the nuclear warheads held in American cus
tody. In the case of Denmark, there are no nuclear warheads held on Danish soil. France also
operates Honest John but the nuclear warheads for it were withdrawn in 1966 and its nuclear role
is to be taken over by the French SRBM Pluton, which will have a French nuclear warhead.
The 203mm how is dual-capable and is operated by Belgium, Britain, Denmark, West Germany,
the Netherlands, Italy and Turkey but any nuclear warheads for it are in American custody.
The 155 mm how is primarily a conventional artillery weapon but is dual-capable. It is operated
by Belgium. Britain. Canada.Denmark. West Germany, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, and
Turkey but in very few cases is it likely to have a nuclear role, certainly not in the case of Canada.
Any nuclear warheads would be in American custody, none on Danish or Norwegian soil.
40984 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE December 12, 1973
(B) OTHER NATO ANO WARSAW PACT COUNTRIES Continued
(ii) AIRCRAFT 1

NATO (excluding United States) Warsaw Pact (excluding USSR)

Maxi Maxi Maxi Maxi
mum 5 mum Maxi No. mum mum Maxi No.
range speed mum deployed range speed mum deployed
Operated (statute (Mach weapons First Operated (statute (Mach weapons First (July
Category 2 Type 3 by 4 miles) no.) 6 load (lb) deployed 1973) Type 7 by 4 miles) no.) 6 load (lb) deployed 1973)

Medium-range Vulcan B2 BR 4,000 0.95 21,000 1960 56

bombers.
Strike aircraft (mcl F- 1 0 4 (8) 1,300 2.2 4.000 1958 9 NA II 28 Beagle BU
short-range PO 2,500 0. 81 4,850 1950 9 NA
bombers). RU
F-4 BR 1,600 2.4 16,000 1962 9 NA Su 7 Fitter CZ 900 1.7 4.500 1959 9 NA
GE PO
Buccaneer S2 BR 2,000 .95 8,000 1962 9 NA
Mirage IVA FR 2,000 2.2 8,000 1964 58

1 All aircraft listed are dual-capable and many would be more likely to carry conventional than
nuclear weapons.
2 Medium-range bomber maximum range 3,500 6,000 miles, primarily designed lor bombing
missions.
3 Vulcan and Buccaneer are of British origin; F- 104 and F-4 are of American origin; Mirage is
of French origin.
4 B R -Britain. FR-France, GE = West Germany, BU-Bulgaria, CZ - Czechoslovakia, P 0 -
Poland, RU - Rumania.
5 Theoretical maximum range, with internal fuel only, at optimum altitude and speed. Ranges
for strike aircraft assume no weapons load. Especially in the case of strike aircraft, therefore, range
falls sharply for flights at lower altitude, at higher speed or with lull weapons load ( e j . , combat
radius of F 104, at operational height and speed, with typical weapons load, is approximately 420
miles).
6 Mach 1 (M = 1.0-speed of sound).
7 All Warsaw Pact aircraft are of Soviet origin Names (e.g.. Beagle) are of NATO origin.
8 The dual-capable F-104 is operated by Belgium, Canada, Denmark, West Germany, Greece,
Italy, the Netherlands, Norway and Turkey, but the Canadian aircraft no longer have a nuclear role.
The warheads of these aircraft are held in American custody.
9 The absence of figures here reflects the uncertainty as to how many of these nuclear-capable
aircraft actually have a nuclear role.
10 Nuclear warheads for these dual-capable aircraft are held in Soviet custody.

2. DEFENSE EXPENDITURE AND NATIONAL ECONOMIES

Defense Expenditure or Budget Defense Expenditure or Budget

GNP,* Per As a percentage of GNP* GNP,* Per As a percentage of GNP*
1970 1972 1973 cap 1970 1972 1973 cap- -
(bil ita, (bil ita,
Country lions) (millions) (millions) 1972 1969 1970 1971 1972 Country lions) (millions) (millions) 1972 1969 1970 1971 1972

United States 1976.4 583.400 $85.165 $399 8.4 7.4 7.5 7.2 Iraq $2.9 $310 () $31 10.4 8.3 8.8
Soviet Union * . 402.6 32,970 33,580 132 8.4 7.9 7.6 7.5 Israel. ...... 5.4 1,262 $1,474 404 18.0 19.9 18.2
Warsaw pact: Jordan .6 119 () 49 19.4 18.6 13.6 17.4
Bulgaria 9.7 <0 301 () 2.2 2.4 <> L ib y a ... 3.1 120 145 59 1.5 <) 2.3 2.6
1,274 1.336 8/ 3./ 3.6 3.8 <7
4.1 3.4 124
Czechoslovakia 30.5 <) 8 2.9 28 2.6 2.8
33.5 1,854 2.031 116 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Sudan . 1.9 <) (i) <> 5.2 7.6 7.9 (*)
Hungary 14.3 419 695 40 2.5 2.1 2.7 2.7 Syiia 1.7 251 216 38 12.3 10.4 O) 11.5
Poland 39.4 1.770 1,799 54 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 Africa:
Romania 22.4 453 528 22 1.8 2.1 2.0 1.7 Ethiopia 1.8 Q O) () 2.2 1.9 2.0 O)
NATO: Rhodesia 1.5 32 () 5 b 1. / (> 2.0
Belgium 26.1 723 990 74 2.8 2.6 2.1 2.0 South Africa 16.5 358 716 21 2.5 2.2 2.4 2.5
121.5 6. 968 8,673 125 5.0 4.9 4.5 4.6 Asia and Australasia:
82.6 1,966 2, 141 90 2.4 2.4 2.0 1.9 Australia 32.8 1,575 (O 121 4.2 3.9 3.9 3.6
Denmaik 15.4 441 568 88 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.2 China (Taiwan) 5.4 700 <0 48 9.2 8 8 9 8 7.2
France . . 148.6 6,238 8. 488 121 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.1 India 52.4 1,813 2,386 3 3.0 3.0 3.4 3.0
Germany, West 188.8 7.668 11,083 124 3.5 3.3 2.9 2.9 Indonesia 8.4 () 0) 3.1 3.2 3.4 <>
9.5 495 580 56 4.9 4 ./ 3.1 4.1 197.9 2,728 3.530 26 .8 .8 .9 .9
It a ly .. 92.6 3,251 3.964 60 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.7 Korea, South 8.2 428 476 13 4.0 4.0 4.2 46
1.0 10 15 29 .9 ,8 .9 .8 Malaysia 3.8 306 287 28 3, / 6.9 4.7 6.8
31.4 1,568 2,102 11/ 3.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 New Zealand 6.1 153 175 53 1.9 1.8 1.8 18
11.3 462 665 118 3.8 3.3 J .J 3.2 Pakistan 16.1 405 433 / 3.3 3.6 7.9 86
6.4 425 () 4/ 5.9 5.6 5.4 5.1 Philippines 6.6 95 (0 2 1.4 1.7 18 1.2
Twkev 15.5 568 812 15 3.6 3.6 3 ./ 3.6 Singapore . . > 1.8 249 (<) Hi 5.6 5.8 7.5 9.4
Other European Countries: 6.5 293 () 8 3.3 3,6 3 6 4.0
14.4 201 291 2/ 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 Vietnam, South 5.6 446 379 23 9.9 20.0 18.6 17.4
10.3 193 231 .<9 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 Latin America:
32.3 851 1,132 25 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.8 Argentina 23.5 834 889 35 <) 1.9 1.9 1.8
32.7 1,505 1,883 184 3.8 3.4 3.4 3.6 Brazil 38.0 1, 105 U> 11 <> 1.5 2.8 2.2
20.6 557 799 8/ 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 Chile 6.5 324 174 36 2.9 1.8 4.4 4.6
Yugoslavia... . 10.7 654 826 32 6.0 6.2 5.1 5.3 Colombia 6.9 98 92 4 1.3 1.3 (*) 1.3
Middle East and the Mediter- 32.7 281 352 5 <) .6 <> .7
Peru 5.4 208 240 14 3.0 3.2 3.6 3.2
4.4 100 15 4.4 <> 2.3 2.0 2.4 77 <) 26 1.9 2.1 3.0 3.3
6.7 1,493 1,737 43 13.2 18.9 21.4 20.2 Venezuela - 9.8 284 325 25 2.5 2.8 (> 2.4
Iran 10.6 926 2,010 30 5.4 /. 4 8.0 6.2

i GNP figures are given for 1970, since this is the latest year in which there is wide coverage of is used here simply to enable a trend to be discerned; for a note on Soviet defense expenditure
official standardized statistics, permitting comparison of the size of national economies. see box in the US-USSR section elsewhere in this issue.
>Percentages have been calculated in local currency. Where official figures foe GNP are not Not available.
available estimates have been made. Excluding financial assistance to West Berlin which, included, would make the entry read:
>For the Soviet Union net material product (NMP) is used instead of GNP. Defense expenditures 188.8, 4.0; 9,531, 3.8; 13,758, 3.4; 154, 3.6.
have been derived by adding 75 percent of the all-union science budget to the defense budget; Percentages for 1969 and 1970 include the former East Pakistan.
they are then expressed as a percentage of NMP. Conversion of NMP and defense expenditure 7Gross domestic product at factor cost, not GNP.
into dollars is at a constant rate of 0.72 roubles equ*ls $1. This method of calculation and conversion
 December 12, 1978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE 40985
3. COMPARISONS OF MILITARY MANPOWER 1973>

Percentage Percentage
Total of total Total of total
Armed Estimated Armed Armed Estimated Armed
Forces Estimated total men Forces to Forces Estimated total men Forces to
(regulars Para number of military men of (regulars Para number of military men of
and military of trained military and military of trained age (i.e. military
Country conscripts) forces Reservists % age Country conscripts) forces Reservists 18 45) age

Europe: Middle East:

89,600 15.000 15,600 1,900.000 4.7 298,000 100,000 534.000 7,000,000 4.3
152,000 17,000 280.000 1.800,000 8.4 211,500 70,000 315.000 5, 400,000 3.9
361,500 435,000 10, 800.000 3.3 Israel 115,000 9,000 3 180,000 600,000 18.3
190,000 35,000 350.000 3.000.000 6.3 Asia and Australasia:
39.800 91.000 1.000.000 4.1 Australia 73,330 32, 300 2,600,000 2.8
503.600 85,000 540,000 10. 000. 000 5.0 China 2,900.000 300,000 NA 170,000,000 1.7
132,000 80.000 250.000 3.200, 000 4.1 India 948.000 100,000 NA 116, 500, 000 .8
Germany, West 475,000 20,000 625,000 11.900.000 4.0 Indonesia 322,000 120,000 NA 20.600, 000 1.6
160.000 99,000 205.000 1,800,000 8.9 Japan 266.000 39,300 24.900. 000 1.1
103,000 27,000 163,000 2, 100,000 4.9 Africa: South Africa 17, 300 75,000 92,000 4 800, 000 2.2
Italy 427.500 80. 700 545,000 11. 000, 000 3.9 Latin America:
112. 200 3.200 340,000 2. 700. 000 4.2 Argentina 135,000 19,000 250,000 5.200, 000 2.6
35.900 179,600 700.000 5.1 Brazil 208.000 150,000 NA 17.200,000 1.2
280,000 73.000 600,000 7,100,000 3.9 71.000 NA 9,200,000 .8
204,000 9. 700 318.000 1.800,000 12.1 North America:
170,000 40,000 285.000 4,300.000 4.0 Canada 83,000 23,200 4, 500, 000 1.8
93. 100 2 557, 000 1.600.000 5.8 United States 2,252,900 927,400 38,700.000 5.8
Turkey 455.000 75.000 800,000 7. 700. 000 5.9
Soviet Union 3.425.000 300,000 3.000,000 50,100.000 6.8

1 Figures are not comparable between countries mainly because reserve structures are not the 3Total mobilizable strength, 900,000.
same. 4White population only.
2Total mobilizable strength; 750,000.

4. COMPARATIVE DEFENSE EXPENDITURE. GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT, AND MANPOWER FIGURES, 1952 72 DEFENSE EXPENDITURES*
|ln mrtlions)

USA 2 Japan West Germany 2 France2 USSR 2 USA 2 Japan West Germany 2 France2 USSR 2
Year Dollars Yen Dollars Marks Dollars Dollars Pounds Dollars Rubles Year 1Dollars Yens Dollars Marks Dollars Dollars Pounds Dollars Rubles

1952 47, 598 183 508 12.531 3,580 1,561 4,387 11,330 1963 . 52,295 248 689 19,924 5.012 22,849 4,663 1.870 5,231 16.500
1953 49. 377 126 350 6,195 1,475 13,865 3,961 1,681 4,727 11,270 1964 . . . 51.213 281 781 19. 553 4.917 24.280 4,955 2.000 5,581 16, 280
1954 42,786 135 375 6,287 1,497 11,710 3,346 1,571 4,376 11,250 1965 . . . 51,827 305 847 19.915 4.975 25, 300 5,163 2,091 5. 839 16,000
1955 40,371 135 375 7,383 1,752 11.020 3,149 1.567 4.365 11.320 1966 63, 572 345 958 20. 254 5,093 26. 732 5, 456 2.153 6, 007 16, 780
1956 41.513 143 39/ 7.211 1,717 14. 690 4,197 1.615 4.499 10.470 1967 .. 75. 448 387 1,075 21.408 5. 353 28,912 5, 900 2,276 5. 462 18. 180
1957 44.159 144 400 8,962 2,133 15,600 3.184 1.574 4,423 10. 5?0 1968 . 80, 732 422 1,172 19.310 4,828 30, 200 6,163 2,332 5,560 20, 840
1958 45.096 149 414 6,853 1.640 16.569 3,381 1.591 4,460 10,670 1969 81,443 495 1.375 21,577 5,847 31,700 5, 703 2, 303 5,529 22.110
1959 45,833 156 433 11,087 2.654 17.926 3.658 1.589 4,472 10.900 1970 . . . 77, 854 590 1,639 22 .573 6.617 33,200 6,014 2, 444 5.850 22,810
1960 45.380 160 444 12,115 2,905 18.940 3,865 1.655 4.641 11.060 1971 . 74.86? 694 1.928 25,450 7,278 35,000 6, 342 2.810 6, 799 23,170
1961 47.807 184 511 13,175 3.297 19,932 4,068 1.709 4.800 13.610 1972 . . . 79, 528 821 2,718 28,987 9,185 36,800 7,357 3.079 7.525 23. 740
1962 52,381 214 594 17.233 4,310 21,460 4,380 1,814 5,085 14,860

1 Expenditure figures are presented in local currency, so as to permit a comparison over time, and
then in dollars at the exchange rates ruling in each year (except lor U.S.S.R .), to permit a comparison
between countries.
2 NATO definition of defence expenditure NATO forecasts for 1972.
3 Soviet expenditure is derived in this table by adding 75 percent of the All-Union Science"
budget to the defence budget and has not been converted to dollars because of the difficulty of
establishing a suitable conversion rate. This method of arriving at defence expenditure is adopted
here purely for the purpose of showing a trend. For a fuller discussion of the problems of establish
ing a figure for Soviet defence expenditure and the dollar equivalent see box in U.S.-U.S.S. R.
section.

TOTAL ARMED FORCES

(In thousands)

West West
Year U SA Japan Germany France Britain 1 U.S.S.R. Year U.S.A. Japan Germany France Britain 1 U.S.S.R.
-
1952 3.550 2 114 645 890 4.600 1963 2.737 213 403 632 430 3.300
1953 3,480 3 119 - 695 902 4.750 1964 2,687 216 435 555 425 3, 300
1954 3.350 4 146 15 600 840 4,750 1965 2,723 225 441 510 424 3.150
1955 3.049 178 20 568 00 5,000 1966 3,123 227 455 500 418 3,165
1956 2,857 188 66 785 760 4,500 1967 3,446 231 452 500 417 3, 220
1957 2,800 202 122 836 700 4,200 1968 3,547 235 440 505 405 3.220
1958 2,637 214 175 797 615 4,000 1969 3,454 236 465 503 383 3.300
1959 2,552 215 249 770 565 3,900 1970 3,066 259 466 506 373 3. 305
I960 2,514 206 270 781 520 3.623 1971 2.699 259 467 502 365 3.375
1961 2,572 209 325 778 455 3.800 1972 2,253 266 475 503 352 3,425
1962 2,827 216 389 742 445 3,600

1Excluding forces enlisted outside Britain, 3Security force.

2National police reserve. 4Seff-defence forces.

GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCTS. AT CURRENT MARKET PRICES AND EXCHANGE RATES

(In billions of dollars]

West West
Year U.S.A. Japan Germany France Britain U.S.S.R. * Year USA Japan Germany France Britain U.S.S.R.*

1952 350 16 32 29 44 113 1963 590 68 94 83 86 235

1953 370 19 35 31 48 119 1964 632 80 103 93 93 251
1954 365 20 37 32 50 128 1965 685 88 115 99 100 269
1955 399 23 43 35 54 136 1966 748 102 123 108 107 288
1956 420 25 47 39 58 145 1967 794 120 124 116 no 314
1957 444 28 51 43 62 156 1968 865 142 135 127 103 339
1958 455 32 56 50 65 178 1969 931 166 151 142 110 364
1959 484 33 60 54 67 189 1970 . 976 198 189 149 121 403
1960 511 39 71 60 72 201 1971 1,050 221 217 164 135 422
1961 520 51 81 65 77 213 1972... 1,152 317 259 202 151 439
1962 560 59 89 74 81 229

1 The U.N. accounts definition of net material product (NMP). converted at a constant exchange rate of 0.72 rubles equals $1, has been used. This consists of: individual and collective consump
tion. net fixed capital formation and net exports of goods and productive services.
C X IX 2 58 1 P o r t 31
40986
Division (in men)
Meehan* Ar
Country ized moured Airborne
United States 1 15,400 15,400 15,000
Soviet Union 10. 750 9.000 7.000
China 12-14,000 10.000 6,000
Britain 12.500 12,500
France 17,000 14,000
1 Army divisions only; a Marine Corps division has 19,000 men.
2Strength of a regiment, which is the equivalent formation in the Soviet and Chinese command
M O N T H L Y L IS T O F G A O R E PO R T S
M r. M E T C A L F . M r. President, In a
report entitled Usefulness to the C on
gress o f Reports Submitted by the Exec
utive B ran ch, G A O says that 54 of these
reports can be eliminated. A copy o f the
fu ll report can be obtained from G A O
by telephoned request.
A sum m ary o f the report is found in
the Novem ber list o f G A O reports, which
contains six pages of m aterial from re
ports published or released in October.
T h e list is provided to the Congress by
the Com ptroller General, as directed in
Public L a w 91-510, the Legislative R e
organization Act o f 1970. I request that
the fu ll list be printed in the R ecord .
There being no objection, the list was
ordered to be printed in th R e co rd , as
follow s:
M o n t h l y L i s t o f G AO R e p o r t s
(C om p troller G eneral o f th e U n ited States
Vol. 7. No. 10, N ovem ber 1973)
"R ailroa d R eservation, In fo rm a tio n and
T ick etin g Services Being Im proved by A M -
T R A K ." N ation al R ailroad Passenger Corpo
ration. B-175155 o f Au gust 22, released O cto
ber 1 b y th e Chairman, Subcom m ittee on
T ran sportation and Aeronautics, House Com
m ittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
T h ird in a series o f G AO reviews focusing
on operations o f A M T R A K .
A t tw o o f A M T R A K 's m ajor reservation o f
fices (C h icago and New Y o r k ) , 30 percent o f
customers telephone calls during an 8-week
period In 1972 were n o t com pleted because o f
insufficient telephone equipm ent and p er
sonnel.
By J uly 1973 staffs o f the m a jor reservation
offices had been transferred fro m th e hands
o f railroads to A M T R A K , which planned to
have a system wide autom ated reservation
service In operation by th e end o f 1974.
Railroad R elocation a t th e R. D. Bailey
P roject, Justice, W est V irgin ia . Corps o f E n
gineers (C iv il F u n c tio n s ), Army. B-177092 o f
Septem ber 12, released October 3 by Con
gressman K e n Hechler.
G AO review ed th e contract w ith th e N or
fo lk and W estern R ailw ay fo r relocatin g its
rig h t-o f-w a y a t th e R. D. Bailey p roject In
Justice, W. Va. T h e origin al estim ated com
p letion d ate fo r th e p roject o f 1969 has been
revised to June 1976.
T h e In itia l cost estim ate fo r th e project
was $76.6 m illion , o f which $38.1 m illio n was
fo r relocatin g about 25 m iles o f railroad
righ t-o f-w a y and some adjacent highways.
As o f January 1973 th e estim ated p roject
cost had increased to $123.4 m illion . O f this
$46.8 m illio n increase, about $11.1 m illio n
represented Increases In the cost o f the ra il
road relocation.
E D U C A TIO N AN D M A N P O W E R
"R e vie w o f Selected A ctivities o f the Equal
E m ploym ent O pportun ity Commission Dis
trict Office in M emphis. B-175042 o f Sep
tem ber 28, released O ctober 17 by R epresenta
tive Dan H. Kuykendall.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
STRENGTH OF MILITARY FORMATIONS
Squadron ( in aircraft)
Mechan
ized Bomber/
brigade fighter- Trans
(in men) bomber Fighter port Country
4-5,000 12-18 18-24 16 Germany (West)
2 2,000 9-12 12 8 10 India
2 3.000 9-10 10-12 8-10 Israel
4-5,000 8-12 12 9-12 UAR (Egypt)
5,000 4-12 12-15 16 Vietnam (South)
structure. (The term regiment" is however often employed, particularly in West European
countries, to describe a battalion-size unit, and it is so used in The Military Balance.)
G AO exam ined adequacy o f In itia l inves
tigations, accuracy o f caseload data, consoli
d ation o f cases against th e same employer,
and cooperation between th e M em phis office
and com m unity organizations and employers.
Few cases had been returned to th e M em
phis office by EEOC headquarters fo r re inves
tigation . In itia l Investigations In m ost cases
were reasonably adequate. Errors generally
were th e type th at corrected them selves In
th e n ext reportin g period or in volved an im
proper categorization o f th e status o f charges.
GENERAL G O VERNM ENT
R eview o f Vendin g Operations on Fed
erally ControUed P ro p erty ." B-176886 o f Sep
tem ber 27, released October 10 b y th e Chair
man, Subcom m ittee on th e Handicapped,
Senate C om m ittee on Labor and P ublic W el
fare.
O ver th e last 20 years b llnd -ven d or stands
on Federal and non-Federal property have
Increased fro m 1.543 to 3,229, gross sales have
risen fro m $20.6 m lU lon to $109.8 mlUlon,
and average annual n et earnings have grown
fro m $2,209 to $6,996 fo r each stand.
In 1972, 3,583 bUnd persons were in th e
program ; H E W estim ated th a t 7,000 could
be In th e program by 1980.
However, before th e b lln d -ven d or program
In fed erally controlled buildings can be ex
panded, priorities am ong present com peting
Interests th e blind, m in o rity enterprises,
em ployee associations, and cafeteria oper
ators m ust be established.
"Usefulness to th e Congress o f Reports.
Subm itted by th e Executive Branch. B -
115398 o f October 26, released October 29 by
th e Chairman, House C om m ittee on G overn
m en t Operations.
G AO was asked to study and recomm end
m odifications or elim in ation o f th e recurring
reports subm itted to th e Congress by execu
tiv e departm ents and agencies.
T h e reports were discussed w ith 36 congres
sional com m ittees w hich Identified 54 reports
th ey considered could be elim in ated; 30 o f
these are required by law; 24 are nonstatu-
tory.
U n verified yearly preparation costs p ro
vided by th e agencies fo r 39 reports totaled
about $222,000; cost In form ation was n o t
provided fo r 15 reports.
T h e com m ittees suggested Im provem ents
fo r 25 reports. In clu d in g changes In fr e
quency o f submission o f 8. e lim in atin g p or
tions o f 5. consolidating 11 reports In to 5,
and changing th e fo rm a t o f 1.
in t e r n a t io n a l a f f a ir s and
Selection and Use o f SS M anhattan as
a Flo atin g S ilo durin g the Bangladesh Food
Crisis. D epartm ent o f State, Agency fo r
In tern ation a l Developm ent. B -177621 o f O c
tober 17, released October 26 by Senator W il
liam Proxm lre.
A ID chartered the M anhattan to transport
about 66,000 tons o f wheat and to serve as
a floa tin g silo o ff th e Bangladesh coast be
cause It was the o n ly ship offered th a t was
In position to load wheat a t g u lf coast ports,
was offered at the low est cost per deadw eight
ton, and was a U.S.-flag ship.
G AO noted Indications which m igh t have
D ecem ber 12, 1973
Squadron ( in aircraft)
Division (in men) Meehan- -
ized Bomber/
Mechan Ar brigade fighter- Trans
ized moured Airborne (in men) bomber Fighter port
15,500 14,500 8 9,000 4-5,000 15-21 15-21 12-18
17.500 12,000 4,500 12-15 20 12
3, 500 10-12 20 24 12
11.800 11,200 3,500 10-12 20 8- 10
10,000 7,000 7,000 3,000 12-18 18-24 16
provided a basis fo r Judging th a t th e char
te r should h ave been term in ated In m id -
September. Charter costs between m id -S ep
tem b er and N ovem ber 12, 1972, AID'S speci
fied term in ation date, were about $925,000.
U.S. Assistance to the K h m er R epublic
( C a m b o d i a ) Departm ents o f State and De
fense, Agency fo r In tern atio n a l Developm ent.
B-169832 o f O ctober 10.
O bjectives o f U .S. econom ic and m i l it ary
assistance In Cam bodia have been related
to th e m ilita ry effo rt In In d och in a; $516
m illio n In m ilita ry and $216 m lUlon in eco
n om ic assistance d u rin g F Y 1970-73, n o t
In clu d in g cost o f com bat air operations.
Problem s were fou n d concerning (1 ) com
pliance w ith th e congressional restrictions
and (2 ) m anagem ent deficiencies im pairing
effectiveness and efficiency o f U.S. assistance.
D B . and Cambodian officials acknowledge
th a t paym ents were m ade fo r as m any as
100,000 phantom Cam bodian troops. As o f
June 1973, th e problem has n o t been e lim i
nated and its exten t Is unknown. Phantom
troop pay fo r January 1973 was estim ated
th e equ ivalen t o f nearly $1 mlUlon.
U.S. Embassy Service Contracts In Laos.
D epartm ent o f State. (T o the Chairman, F or
eign O perations and G overn m en t In fo rm a
tio n Subcom m ittee, House C om m ittee on
G overn m en t O perations.) B-178299 o f O c
to b er 30.
Contractual arrangem ents In clu d in g the
h irin g o f 1,000 local personnel were entered
In to because o f the lim ited au th ority placed
on th e U S . Embassy b y th e D epartm ent o f
State. T h e Embassy had au th ority to hire
up to 84 local employees.
U.S. Embassy personnel did n o t com ply
w ith State D epartm ent regulations because
th ey d irectly supervised th e contractor p er
sonnel and retained th e rig h t to hire and
fire In dividual employees.
Embassy officials told G AO th e services
were requ ired and w artim e conditions pre-
vaUlng In Laos m ade i t necessary to obtain
th e services in th is way.
I t is clear th e contractu al arrangements
did n o t con stitute arm s-length transactions.
G AO believes th e contracts should be term i
nated and altern a tive arrangem ents made.
N A T IO N A L D EFEN SE
"F in a n cia l Status o f Selected M ajo r W eap
on System s." D epartm en t o f Defense. B -
163058 o f O ctober 2.
T h is Is G A O s first sem iannual report on
th e finan cial status o f the 45 systems on the
S elected Acqu isition R eports (S A R ) a t Dec.
f in a n c e
31, 1972. Estim ated costs fo r these 45 systems
increased $585.7 m illio n between June 30,
1972 and Dec. 31. 1972.
T ra ck in g and an alyzin g o f m ajor weapon
systems are extrem ely im p o rta n t n o t o n ly to
learn fro m experiences o f th e past b u t also
to m aintain a constant surveillance over cur
ren t events.
Increases were due to revised estimates,
qu an tity changes, engineerin g changes
schedule revisions, provisions fo r Increased
costs due to in flation and related causes.
Stu dy o f M ilitary Tem porary Lodging
F a cilities and the A va ila b ility o f Com m ercial
M otels." D epartm ent o f Defense. B - 1 6 9 9 2 6