DATA PROCESSING

Data versus Information

Examples of Data Processing
Stages of Data Processing
More Examples
Data Processing Cycle
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Data VS Information

120557 Data

Date Time Money

Information
12/05/57 12:05:57 $120,557

Fig 1 Information is data given meaning

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v Data
are a collection of facts represented of facts
represented in the form of nos., letters of
words
v Information
the processed data organized in a
meaningful way which are useful to people
who receive them. Thus, data are
sometimes referred to as the raw materials
from which information is generated
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Data Processing
v theprocessing of converting data into
useful information
v data processing system
the activities, equipment & personnel
involved

Data Process Information

Fig 2 Data processing

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Examples of Data Processing Sys.

v Organizing examination records

the subject teacher collects the marked
examination papers
the subject scores are entered on score sheets
the score sheets are given to the class teacher
the class teacher calculates the total & the average
score of each student
a report card for each student is produced, a
master report sheet for the class is kept for future
reference
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v Preparing payslips
the details of the hours worked by each employee
are recorded on a time sheet
the data are checked for accuracy & copied onto a
summary sheet
at the end of the month, the documents are given
to the accountant
the accountant works out the wages for each
employee using the total no. of hours worked
payslips are distributed to the employees
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Stages of Data Processing (5)

v Collection of data
v Preparation of data
v Input of data
v Processing of data
v Output of information

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v Collection of data
data are obtained & gathered from their
source
v Preparation of data
data are made ready for further use
they includes classifying, coding,
rearranging of editing of the raw materials
v Input of data
data are passed to the person or dept.
responsible for processing data
if computer is used, the data are typed into
the computer 8
v Processing of data
the data are manipulated by sorting,
calculating, updating, etc.
usually, a set of working procedures or
instructions are followed
v Output of information
the end result is produced in a suitable
format

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More Examples

v borrowing library books

v at the medical centre
v school administration
v preparing monthly gas bills

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Data Processing Cycle
v Data storage
in data processing activities, data are
sometimes not used immediately
hence, they have to be stored for future use

Data Process Information

Storage
Fig 3 Data storage
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v Output as input
output data may be used as input, perhaps
at a later date, for another process
e.g., total amt. of monthly wages is
recorded and stored, at the end of the year,
these data are used to produce the yearly
pay summary

Data Process Information

Process Information
Fig 4 Output as input 12
 Collection of data

Preparation of data

Input of data
Data
Storage
Processing of data

Output of information

Fig 5 Data processing cycle

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Key concept questions

v We use ___ to produce information

v ___ is the process data, which have been
organized in a way that is meaningful to the
people who receive them.
v The process of converting data into useful
information is known as ___.
v There are five stages of data processing:
_________________________________
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