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Modulos Interconectables
Modulos Interconectables
Modulos Interconectables
SUMARY: In the following writing will be Bluetooth is a de facto standard designed to establish
announced about the modules of interconnection with short-range wireless connections between a large
microcontrollers, whether these wires and wireless, both number of electronic, fixed and mobile devices.
types of expose some of their concepts and some Bluetooth technology works through tiny, inexpensive,
examples. low-power, low-range radio transmitters and receivers
implemented in a small silicon microchip; Which is
KEY-WORDS: Modules, wired, wireless, technology. integrated in mobile phones, personal computers and, in
general, in all the electronic devices that are wanted,
1 INTRODUCTION directly or through adapters.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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marked "Key". Once we are in the AT command mode, Switch on the power of the module (or reset
we can configure the bluetooth module and change it preferably)
parameters such as device name, password, master / Send an AT \ r \ n command to verify that we
slave mode, etc. are in AT command mode.
Mdule Bluetooth HC-05 The following list is a compilation of commands that
With dimensions as small as a USB connector, the we consider important
Bluetooth module HC-06 is one of the most economical o AT\r\n
market pieces you can find dedicated to this type of Test command, you must respond with OK \ r \ n
connectivity. The majority of fans of the wireless data o AT+ROLE=1\r\n
links, find in this small device everything necessary to Command to place the module in Master mode
solve their wireless connections and at a cost that does o AT+ROLE=0\r\n
not reach the fifth of what has to pay for other devices of Command to place the module in Slave mode
the same characteristics (Less than 6 Euros at o AT+VERSION?\r\n
DealExtreme). During the tests performed, the module Obtain the firmware version
has shown to have only one weak point: the scarce (and o AT+UART=115200,1,2\r\n
confusing) information that exists about it on the web. Its Set the mode of operation of the serial port in
appearance (we could say its equality) in the physical "bridge mode"
aspect with the modules HC-03/04/05 cause many users o AT+PIO=10,1\r\n
to end up frustrated by not being able to use the HC-06
Place high-level general-purpose IO pin
since the connections change from one model to another
and the user ends , Many times, having experiences of
APPLICATIONS
failure and the feeling of having spent money uselessly.
The first Bluetooth applications are focused on
people who travel continuously for business. The
One of the main advantages of the HC-06 module, in
portable devices that integrate the Bluetooth chip
addition to its small size and good transmission and
nowadays allow, among others, applications of the type:
reception characteristics that give it a very wide range
(because it is a local Bluetooth system), is the low power
Use a telephone three in one; Which works at
consumption it possesses Both in operation and in
home as a fixed-line cordless phone, as mobile
standby, ie powered, but without connection or link to
with its corresponding fee when leaving home
another device, for example a mobile with Android OS.
and as walkie-talkie free of charge when it
Another interesting feature of this module is that once it
enters within reach of another Bluetooth phone.
has made a link with another device it is able to
Surf the Internet using personal computers or
remember it in its memory and does not request any
laptops without physical connection of cables to
validation ("1234" by default), but if the 26 (KEY) Supply
a telephone rosette; Thus facilitating the
voltage, this information is deleted and the HC-06
installation and reducing the necessary
module will request the link validation again. Another
investment in wiring.
particular detail is that its supply voltage of 3.3Volts and
Synchronize automatically and totally
its low consumption (8mA in active transmission /
transparent to the user, a computer and a
reception) transform it into an ideal device to work with
personal digital assistant; So that, for example,
microcontrollers of the same voltage of power, thus
the personal digital assistant's day data is
obtaining portable equipment that can Be fed for many
transferred to the personal desktop computer
hours by AA rechargeable or alkaline batteries,
before entering the office.
demonstrating exceptional characteristics in medical
Automatically transfer documents and
applications, or for recreational activities where the
presentations to meeting participants without
power source should be light and portable.
the need for a cable.
Navigate the Internet through a cellular network
on a laptop without any wiring between the
computer and the mobile phone.
Answer calls to the mobile phone with a hands-
free headset without the need for a cable in
combination with voice recognition technology.
Send or print a postcard instantly using a digital
camera.
Figure 2.- HC-06. Use the mobile phone as a remote control to
operate the lighting, heating and alarm systems.
Connect two or more laptops or personal
CONFIGURATION INTERFACE computers at home or in an office without
The serial port in configuration mode for the HC-05 having to do any cable laying, to transfer data,
must be configured as follows: 34800 bps, 8 data bits, to allow multiple users to play simultaneously on
No parity, No flow control. To enter the AT command the network, to share resources such as printers
mode, follow these steps: or CDROM recorders, etc.
Poner a estado alto en el pin 34 (PIO11)
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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APPLICATIONS
Radiofrequency modules are used in many remote
control applications such as remote control robots and
electric cars, electric doors, blind doors, windows, garage
doors.
Tabla 1.- Pin Assignment 0.1 CHARACTERISTICS
APPLICATIONS Receiver Module Parameters
The ZigBee application fields are many, all of which
require transmitting commands or collecting sensors,
etc., and it is not practical or practical to use cables.
Fields of application can be:
Agriculture: networks of low-power sensors in
the field to measure and collect different
parameters.
Home automation, automation of buildings and
homes, industrial control.
Health care: collect information from sensors Figure 8.- Receiver module
in patients, an example can be smart clothing.
Remote control of consumer electronics, such Model: MX-05V
as television remote control, lights, etc. Operating voltage: DC 5V
Standby current: 4 mA
Receiving frequency: 315Mhz
Receiver sensitivity: -105dB
Size: 30 * 14 * 7 mm
RF MODULES
This Radio Frequency equipment consists of two
modules, a wireless transmitter and receiver that operate
at 315Mhz. They can be easily used in a protoboard, Figure 9.- Transmitter module
work well with microcontrollers and create a very simple
wireless data link. Since only one of them is a Model: MX-FS-03V
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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Operating distance: 20-200 meters (with The module has 8 pins distributed in 2 rows. The
different voltage, different results) connection scheme is this:
Working voltage: 3.5-12V
Dimensions: 19 * 19 mm
Operating mode: AM
Transfer rate: 4 KB / S
Transmission power: 10 mW
Transmission Frequency: 315Mhz
Pins: (DATA, VCC, GND)
The problem is that when we connect the WI-FI GPRS / GMS MODULES
network to the network of the company we are offering Digital cellular telephony is the most widely used
shots of our network to anyone who is within a distance mobile communications system. GSM technology uses
of the link. That is, anyone with coverage can listen to time and frequency division techniques (TDMA and
the traffic that circulates through the medium and can try FDMA) to optimize the carrying capacity of a wireless
a connection to it. network.
In principle there is a limitation of distance to be able The GSM terminals can operate in at least two
to connect at good speed to one of these networks. Yes, frequency bands, one almost double the other, which
the parking lot in front of your office is usually covered. improves communication possibilities. The frequencies
But the curious one who only needs to listen to the currently in use are 850MHz and 900MHz (low
network can be miles away with directional antennas and frequencies, up to 2W of power) and 1.8GHz and
public domain programs that hunt and save emails in 1.9GHz in high frequencies (with up to 1W of power),
folders, look for authentication plots and save there being no use of frequencies common to all
passwords, and other nice "utilities". Countries, this poses a limitation of compatibility for bi-
band or tri-band terminals, so the trend is towards quad-
WI-FI MODULE ESP8266 band modules.
Figure 10.- Wi-Fi Module ESP8266. GSM uses TDMA (each 200kHz RF channel is
divided into 8 periods of time, thus allowing 8
The price of each unit is around $ 5 and is able to simultaneous conversations on the same radio
communicate beyond 300 meters using the antenna that frequency, and also divides that time into 16 sections
comes built into the board. (time-slots) with a data rate Half-rate.
I have bought a couple for less than $ 10 on At low frequencies, GSM is allocated 50MHz of
aliexpress, and in this article I will comment on how to bandwidth, 25MHz for the uplink and 25MHz for the
make it work. downlink, ie 125 channels of upload and another of
down; At high frequencies are assigned 100MHz, 50MHz
The first thing to note is that it works at 3.3V. And the for uplink and 50MHz for downlink, resulting in twice the
second is that it communicates through the serial port available channels.
that has the module. So you can not connect directly to
an Arduino that works at 5 volts, so you need to convert The most important and used service that GSM
the TX, RX and power lines to 3.3V. presents are SMS cut messages. The SMS short
message service allows it to send / receive short text
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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messages, the maximum size is 160 characters. When Class 1 (1 W (AT) 1800 / 1900MHz)
receiving the message in addition to the text you get a Embedded TCP / UP
series of data such as the sender, time and date of Supports RTC
receipt. Consumption of 1.5 mA (suspension)
SMS uses an offline protocol, when a message is Minimum System SIM900 Simcom GSM / GPRS
transmitted, there is no direct connection between the Module
sending and receiving terminals.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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either "0" or "1" are specified by means of a differential EIA-232 Just as other elements of the original standard
signal plus a signal High impedance or "third state", have changed their name.
which makes it possible to connect more than one The different parameters of the transmission are
emitter to the network, which is why it is very useful in programmable, a case is the speed that can vary
two wire local industrial networks. Currently known as between 50 and 19,200 baud.
the TIA-485-A.222 standard confirmed by the TIA
(Telecommunications Industry Association) in 2003. Mechanical characteristics
Serial communication via the RS-232 standard can
Mechanical characteristics be direct when performed on digital baseband and / or
The standard defines connections with twisted via a modem when the transmission is performed in
copper wire and RJ11 terminals, which means that there analog baseband modulating the carrier.
is greater resistance to electromagnetic interference and
higher transmission speed than with RS232. When transmitted through a modem, the standard
defines a set of 22 signals divided into data signal and
It allows the connection of up to 32 emitters with 32 control signal distributed in a 25-pin type D connector,
receivers in simultaneous double full duplex transmission however, not all control signals are essential to establish
capable of linking main communication processors the Communication between two teams, that is why in
(master) with slave processors whose operation many cases a 9-pin type D male connector is used.
(prioritized access) is defined by the same topological
arrangements of the data networks. The European version is regulated under CCITT V.24
and is specified for a maximum link distance of 15 m and
The RS-485 standard devices maintain compatibility a transmission speed of up to 20 Kbps.
with the RS-232 standard as shown in Figure 7. A high-
performance, 16-port PCI Express adapter with RS-232 The signal types of the RS-232 specification (CCITT
serial terminal links is available. V.24) are as follows:
Ground: GND for isolation of the connector
with connection to the terminal chassis; SG Signal
on which the voltage of the other signals of the
connector is established.
Main Channel: Set of data signals and
control, TxD and RxD transmission and reception
lines respectively; RTS, CTS, DSR and DCD
basic signals, DTR and RI switched signals and
Figure 14.- Interface 485. SQ, CH and CI quality signals and channels.
Synchronous transmission: DA, DD and DB
Electrical features synchronous exclusive.
In the RS-485 communication, the emitter operates Secondary channel: for some DCE models.
the logic "1" at a voltage of -1.5 to -5 Volt. The logical "0" Terminals without Fixed Allocation: to be
at the input of the receiver in the range of +0.2 to +12 used by application forming two (2) current loops
Volt and the maximum voltage applied to the output line if required.
is -7 to +12 Volt.
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Interconnectable modules with microcontrollers
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Figure 16.- Interface RS-232 RS-485 drivers are the best alternative for industrial
TTL-USB local networks and multi-terminal applications due to
The TTL-232R cables are a family of USB to TTL their thermal protection and wide load transceiver
serial UART converter cables incorporating FTDIs support.
FT232RQ USB to Serial UART interface IC device which
handles all the USB signalling and protocols. The cables The carrier fabrication materials as well as the data
provide a fast, simple way to connect devices with a TTL transport distance impact inversely proportional to the
level serial interface to USB. capacity and the transfer speed.
Each TTL-232R cable contains a small internal The future of local industrial networks requires daily
electronic circuit board, utilising the FT232R, which is standards that are capable of handling a greater number
encapsulated into the USB connector end of the cable. of master equipment and proportionally more slaves
terminals to meet the demands of the modern productive
Cables are available with either a 6-way SIL,0.1 world.
pitch connector, a 3.5mm Audio Jack, an 8 way, keyed
2mm pitch connector (intended for use with VMUSIC2 or 5 REFERENCES
VDRIVE2) or bare, tinned wire ended connections. [1] Mikel Etxebarria Isuskiza, Microcontroladores PIC: Teoria y
Practica 2011, Creaciones copyright.
The USB side of the cable is USB powered and USB [2] Muhamad Ali MAzidi, Sarmad Naimi, and Sepher Naimi, The
2.0 full speed compatible. Each cable is 1.8m long and AVR microcontroller and embedded system using assembly
supports a data transfer rate up to 3 Mbaud. Each cable and C, Pearson.
supports the FTDIChip-ID, with a unique USB serial
number programmed into the FT232R. This feature can
be used to create a security or password protected file
transfer access using the cable.