Prof Dr Masyhur Irsyam ITB-HATTI

UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM AS

SOIL IMPROVEMENT FOR EMBANKMENT ON VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITIONS
Masyhur Irsyam*
*President - Indonesian Society for Geotechnical Engineering
*Chair - Geotechnical Engineering Division of Civil Engineering Dept. ITB
*Chair - Team for Updating of Sesimic Hazard Maps of Indonesia 2016
Content:
*Head - Research Center for Disaster Mitigation ITB
*Member - Advisory Board for Building Construction, Jakarta 1. Introduction

2. Main Functions of Elements in the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for

Soil Improvement

3. Previous Experiences Using Bamboo Pile-Mattress System

4. Utilization of Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Soil Improvement:

a. For Railway Embankment
b. For Container Yard
5. Modelling the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System in PLAXIS
Workshop on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Structure and
Dissemination of the Indonesian Standard for Geotechnical Engineering Pernah dipresentasikan sebelumnya dalam kurus Plaxis
KK Rekayasa Geoteknik Institut Teknologi Bandung
Bandung 29-30 Mei 2017

1. Embankment on Soft Soils

Low bearing capacity

Limited Height

Very soft soil

Large and Uneven settlement

Very soft soil

GEOTEXTILE

Multi layers of Geotextile

Common Solutions for Embankment on Soft Soils (Leroueil, et. al., 1990)

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Soil Improvement Using Vertical Drain

Vacuum Consolidation

CPV
Settlement Plate

References
Piezometer

Inclinometer
Multidepth

General
Activities
MENARD

For
- Embankment with limited height
- Embankment for rural road
- Embankment in remote area

DYNAMIC COMPACTION (fill, granular materials) : Equipment

Menard

BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM

Content:

1. Introduction

2. Main Functions of Elements in the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for

Soil Improvement

3. Previous Experiences Using Bamboo Pile-Mattress System

4. Utilization of Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Soil Improvement:

a. For Railway Embankment
b. For Container Yard

5. Modelling the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System in PLAXIS

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Stability of Embankment Without Reinforcement Stability of Embankment With Geotextile

Critical hc
height

Soft Soil

Stability of Embankment With Bamboo Mattress Stability of Embankment With Bamboo Pile- Mattress

It enforces the failure surface not to pass

through middle of the embankment

Distribute embankment load more

uniformly Increase resistance due to side friction from bamboo piles
Reduce differential settlement due to it
stiffness
However, embankment is still subjected to consolidation
Provides buoyancy settlement!!!

Consolidartion Settlement

6.00 m 6.00 m
Durability?
0.75 m 1.5 1.5 0.75 m 1.5 1.5
1 1 1 1

2.50 m 2.50 m

1 1
Bamboo is durable
4 4

as long as it is always saturated

Appropriate for embankment in

coastal and swampy area where
it is always saturated

Bamboo mattress only Bamboo pile-mattress system

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Coastal Embankment 1995

Content:
3m
1. Introduction

2. Main Functions of Elements in the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Very Soft-Soft Clay
Soil Improvement N-SPT = 0-1
25 m qc = 1-2 kg/cm2
3. Previous Experiences Using Bamboo Pile-Mattress System C = 0.65 t/m2

4. Utilization of Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Soil Improvement:

a. For Railway Embankment
b. For Container Yard
Stiff-Very Stiff Clay
N-SPT = 16
5. Modelling the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System in PLAXIS C = 9 t/m2

Utilization of Bamboo Mattress for Coastal Embankment

at Tambaklorok - Semarang

Laboratorium Geoteknik
Pusat Penelitian Antar Universitas, PPAU
Institut Teknologi Bandung

Embankment for Land Reclamation on Very Soft Soil

Morokrembangan-Surabaya 1999

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Original Trial Embakment: Using Geogrid

Dermaga dan Breakwater, Muara Angke 2003

D
F

C E
B
A

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Prefabricated
Segmental Raft
Quarry run/
Seabed kerikil/sand bags Seabed

Matras Bamboo 5 lapis

Cerucuk Bamboo
Spasi = 1 m, L = 6 m

Tipikal Potongan Melintang

Armor: Ruble mount

W50 = 370 Kg, 59 - 70 cm
Tipikal Potongan Armor: Ruble mount
W50 = 400 Kg

Sekitar Dermaga
Filter: W50 = 37 Kg 2% 2%
27 - 33 cm

Pasir
Seabed Quarry run/ 1:1 Sea bed
kerikil/sand bags

Matras Bamboo 5 lapis Woven Geotextile

Cerucuk Bamboo
L= 6m

UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM FOR

RAILWAY EMBANKMENT ON VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITION
Content: SEMARANG TAWANG, 2012-2013

1. Introduction

2. Main Functions of Elements in the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for

Soil Improvement

3. Previous Experiences Using Bamboo Pile-Mattress System

4. Utilization of Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Soil Improvement:

a. For Railway Embankment
b. For Container Yard

5. Modelling the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System in PLAXIS

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PARAMETER UNTUK USULAN PENGUJIAN SKALA PENUH

PROFIL LAPISAN TANAH

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Cara Meletakkan Bambu

Pada Matras

Untuk 3 lapis

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Cara Meletakkan Bambu

Pada Matras

Untuk 5 lapis

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Loading Test Cargo Train

Loading Test Cargo Train

Loading Test Argo Anggrek Passanger Train

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UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM FOR CONTAINER YARD

ON VERY SOFT SOIL CONDITION
New Priok Port Project:
JAKARTA PORT TERMINAL, KALIBARU, 2013

Masyhur Irsyam Bangun Sucipto Andi Kartawiria

Ketua - Himpunan Ahli Teknik Tanah Indonesia PT. Pembangunan Perumahan PT. Promisco
Ketua - Pusat Penelitian Mitigasi Bencana ITB
Ketua - Tim Revisi Peta Gempa Indonesia
Anggota - Tim Penasehat Konstruksi Bangunan DKI

CT 1 SUPPORTI
NG
AREA

CT : Container Terminal
PT : Product Terminal

FERIALDY NOERLAN Direktur Teknik PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA II (Persero)

Seminar HATTI, Desember 2012

Reklamasi:
Sebagian besar area yang
tersedia untuk reklamasi berada
di atas tanah lunak complicated
design (matras bambu untuk
pondasi revetment);

Permasalahan ketersediaan
pasir untuk material reklamasi;

Owner : PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA II (Persero)

Konsultan : direncanakan oleh PT LAPI ITB
Kontraktor : PT Pembangunan Perumahan
(Penulis terlibat sbg Geotechnical Expert PT PP)

FERIALDY NOERLAN
Seminar HATTI, Desember 2012

VERY SOFT TO SOFT CLAY

MEDIUM TO STIFF CLAY

VERY HARD CLAY

STIFF TO VERY STIFF CLAY

Panjang daerah yang diperkuat dng cerucuk matras bambu > 5.o km
Jumlah matras > 360 ribu
FERIALDY NOERLAN
Seminar HATTI, Desember 2012

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Pemancangan:
Peningkatan besaran beban peningkatan besaran increasing size of piles
(dia.800 -1.000 mm) increasing size of piling equipment;

Jadwal yang ketat pemilihan struktur deck on pile untuk struktur lapangan
penumpukan;

DETAIL CERUCUK BAMBU DETAIL PEMASANGAN CERUCUK BAMBU

Jumlah Titik Tiang Pancang > 15 ribu

FERIALDY NOERLAN
Seminar HATTI, Desember 2012

Utilization of Bamboo Raft and Cluster Pile

at Pantai Mutiara Jakarta, 1990
(AR Soeheoed, PT Puri Fajar Mandiri)

POTONGAN A-A
TAMBANG PLASTIK 25 mm

POTONGAN B-B

Utilization of Bamboo Raft and Cluster Pile

at Pantai Mutiara Jakarta, 1990
(AR Soeheoed, PT Puri Fajar Mandiri)

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PT. PP (Persero)

PT. PP (Persero)

Alat pancang cerucuk cluster bambu dipatenkan oleh PT. PP PT. PP (Persero)

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Alat pancang cerucuk cluster bambu dipatenkan oleh PT. PP

PT. PP (Persero)

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Land Subsidence Jakarta

PT. PP (Persero)

Abidin, 2010

Abidin, 2010

Jakarta Future Inundation (2030)

Sumber :
PPT The NCICD Project: Short Term Measures (Sawarendro, Dedi Waryono, Bastien van Veen)

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Stage 3: completed 2025/35

98

Content:

1. Introduction

2. Main Functions of Elements in the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for

Soil Improvement

3. Previous Experiences Using Bamboo Pile-Mattress System

4. Utilization of Bamboo Pile-Mattress System for Soil Improvement:
a. For Railway Embankment
b. For Container Yard
5. Modelling the Bamboo Pile-Mattress System in PLAXIS

How to calculate? Coceptually, it is similar with pile-raft system for high rise buildings

2-Dimention

3-Dimention

BAMBOO PILE-MATTRESS SYSTEM Pile-Raff Foundation

Firmansyah, 2013

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FEM Modelling
Embankment soil
Beam Beam

Soil/Beam dng interface

Node-to-Node Spring

Beam dng interface element

Very Soft Soil Very Soft Soil

FEM 3D FEM 2D FEM 2D

Konfigurasi bamboo cluster pile Matt and Pile Properties

Beam Element
EI = E x Imatras
1.0 m Imatras = Ibambu + (Ar2)

0.3m I =

D o4 D i4
64

L=10 m

1.0 m K = Node to Node Spring/ Anchor

-

1.0 m 1.0 m

= 7 to 10 cm

Pemodelan Cerucuk Bambu

Cerucuk terdiri dari 3 bambu yang diikat jadi satu dengan panjang tertanam
sedalam 5 m dan jarak spasi 1 m.

Mekanisme transfer beban dari tiang ke tanah dapat dihubungkan dengan

tegangan geser berupa tahanan friksi dari tiang terhadap perpindahan tiang.

Cerucuk 3 Batang Bambu (diameter 10cm)

Luas Penampang:
Ap = 0.024 m2

Luas Selimut:
As = 0.785 m

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Pemodelan Cerucuk Bambu

Pemodelan Cerucuk Bambu
Diasumsikan bahwa Fmax akan termobilisasi jika cerucuk bambu
terdeformasi sebesar d/10, = d/10 = 0.30/10 = 0.030 m

qc = 2-3 kg/cm2 untuk 1 m pertama dan 4-5

kg/cm2 untuk 4 m kedua, maka:

0m

cu = 1 t/m2 30
fs = cu = 1 x 1 t/m2 = 1 t/m2

1m

cu = 2 t/m2
fs = cu = 1 x 2 t/m2 = 2 t/m2
Pult = As.fs + Ap.qp = 7.5ton
k (konstanta pegas): Fmax/d = 30/0.03 = 1000 kN/m
Fmax = Pult/SF = 7.5/2.5 = 3 ton = 30 kN

k = EA/ L , EA = 1000 kN/m x 5 m = 5000 kN,

5m dimana: EA = stiffness, L = panjang bambu (5 m).
cu = 2t/m2
qp = 9 cu = 9 x 2 t/m2 = 4.5 t/m2

INVESTIGASI Cohesive Soil

LABORATORIUM & LAPANGAN Eundrained Edrained
G = Gu
Laboratorium : G = E E = 2 (1+n)Eu
2(1+n) 3
Triaksial UU & CU Test Parameter Kuat Geser (c, , cu , u )
nu = 0.5
Consolidation Parameter Konsolidasi (eo , Cc , dan Cr)
Permeability Dissipasi Konsolidasi
Index Properties & Density Test USCS , Gs , dry, sat Eu = b Su Clay:
Eu (kPa) = (250 500) cu
Lapangan :
SPT N-SPT E (kPa) = + 0.8 Eu
CPT (Sondir) qc (kg/cm2) (Su/v)OC / (Su/ v)NC = OCR0,8 (Ladd, 1971)

Korelasi antara Eu dengan Su untuk Lempung

(Duncan+Buchignani, 1976)

Konfigurasi bamboo cluster pile

Pemancangan Cerucuk Bambu

1.0 m

L=10 m

1.0 m

1.0 m 1.0 m

= 7 to 10 cm

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Penggelaran
Geotextile Separator
Pembuatan Matras bambu

Pelaksanaan Model Pengujian Skala Penuh di lapangan :

Penghamparan
Material timbunan

Hasil akhir timbunann di atas tanah lunak dengan perkuatan cerucuk mattras bambu

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Prof Dr Masyhur Irsyam ITB-HATTI Geotextile

250
100
A

600
600
B

Posisi Instrumentasi di lapangan : Pemasangan Instrumentasi di lapangan :

C

C Geotextile

250
100
500
A
B

600
600
B
500

C
PEMASANGAN PIEZOMETER
SKALA 1 : 100

Piezometer : mengamati perubahan tekanan airC pori Pemasangan Settlemetn Plate

500
B

500

Pemasangan Instrumentasi di lapangan :

PEMASANGAN PIEZOMETER
SKALA 1 : 100

Pemasangan Piezometer dan tipe alat baca

TOTAL PENURUNANKONSOLIDASI PADA TIAP-TIAP POSISI Grafik Penurunan-Waktu pada Settlement Plate 4

SETTLEMENT PLATE
Tinggi Timbunan (m)

4
konstruksi
3

1
14,90
13.90 cm cm
0

16,00
17.20 cm
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

1 1
15.60
15.60 cm
0

2 2 17.50
17.50 cm 10

3 3 15,90
15.90 cm cm

20
4
4 17.50
17.50 cm
5
5
Penurunan (cm)

15.50
15.50 cm
30

6
6 40

50.00 m
50.0 m
7 7
50
16.00 m
16.0 m
60

70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Hari Pengamatan

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Grafik Penurunan-Waktu pada Settlement Plate 4

Elastic Settlement Akibat Urugan-1
Tinggi Timbunan (m)

4
konstruksi
3

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

10
Elastic settlement = 48 cm 5
Elastic settlement Consolidation settlement = 17 cm 14
20
18
78 Cerucuk dimodelkan sebagai Pegas
85
Penurunan (cm)

30
104

Consolidation settlement
40
Elastic settlement
50

Consolidation settlement
60
Elastic settlement
Consolidation settlement
70
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Elastic settlement embankment Tahap-1 20 cm
Hari Pengamatan

Consolidation Settlement Akibat Urugan-1 Elastic Settlement Akibat Urugan-2

Embankment Tahap-1, Total Settlement hari ke 20 = 22 cm

Consolidation Settlement = 2 cm Embankment Tahap-2, Total Settlement = 35 cm
Elastic Settlement = 13 cm

Consolidation Settlement Akibat Urugan-2 Elastic Settlement Akibat Urugan Tahap-3

Embankment Tahap-1, Total Settlement hari ke 80 = 40 cm Embankment Tahap-2, Total Settlement = 53 cm

Consolidation Settlement = 5 cm Elastic Settlement = 13 cm

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Consolidation Settlement Akibat Urugan Tahap-3

Embankment Height (m)

4
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

10

20

30

Settlement (cm)
40

50

60
30.
70

80

90

100
Embankment 3, Consolidation settlement until finish 1,07 mTota 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Analytical Method Prediction DayPrediction

Finite Element Method Settlement Plate 1
Embankment Tahap-1, Total Settlement hari ke 500 = 65 cm Settlement Plate 2 Settlement Plate 3 Settlement Plate 4
Consolidation Settlement = 12 cm Settlement Plate 5 Settlement Plate 6 Settlement Plate 7

Embankment Height (m)

4
3
2
1
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

(a) Shading of Deformation (b) Arrow of Deformation 10

Elastic Deformation 20

30
Settlement (cm)

40

50

60
30.
70

80

90

100
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Analytical Method Prediction DayPrediction

Finite Element Method Settlement Plate 1
Settlement Plate 2 Settlement Plate 3 Settlement Plate 4
(a) Shading of Deformation (b) Arrow of Deformation Settlement Plate 5 Settlement Plate 6 Settlement Plate 7

Consolidation Settlement

Consolidartion Settlement

6.00 m 6.00 m

0.75 m 1.5 1.5 0.75 m 1.5 1.5

1 1 1 1

2.50 m 2.50 m

Analisis Stabilitas Timbunan Double Track

4
1 1

4
Tawang, Semarang

Bamboo mattress only Bamboo pile-mattress system

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Soil Data: CPT

PARAMETER UNTUK USULAN PENGUJIAN SKALA PENUH

Initial Condition Timbunan Track Baru Track Baru Opersional

PROFIL LAPISAN TANAH

Peninggian Track Lama Peninggian Track Lama Peninggian Track Lama

Matras saja Matras + Cerucuk Matras + Cerucuk

Conclusions

Bamboo pile-mattress system is proven to be reliable, and therefore,

can be used as ground reinforcement for coastal/ swampy
embankment on soft soil layer.
Thank You
Performance of the system can be predicted accurately as long as it is
modeled correctly.

Consolidation settlement has to be accounted for during the design

life.

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