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Futa/Arcsste-E MSC Program
Futa/Arcsste-E MSC Program
Dr. O. O. Alabi
African Regional Centre for Space Science & Technology Education in English
(Affiliated with the United Nations)
Obafemi Awolowo University Campus
Ile-Ife, NIGERIA
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By the end of this section, participants will learn:
the fundamentals of remote sensing
how different features on earth interact with
electromagnetic radiation to form satellite
imagery
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Remote Sensing is the PROCESS of
acquiring about the Earths surface without
actually being in contact with it.
This is done by
Sensing and
Recording reflected or emitted energy,
Processing,
Analyzing and
Applying that information
Canada Centre for Remote Sensing
INFRARED MICROWAVES
ULTRA-VIOLET
MIDDLE
GAMMA
NEAR
X RAYS RADAR
RAYS THERMAL
RADIO, TV.
UHF VHF
VISIBLE SPECTRUM
VIBGYOR
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Wavelength:
The distance
between two
successive crests Crest
(or troughs)
Movement
Trough
Wavelength
At speed of light
Amplitude
Wavelength
An Electromagnetic Wave
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V=f
Where:
V = Velocity (m/s)
F = Frequency (Hz, s-1)
= Wavelength (m)
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The wavelength () = OS = PT
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E = hf =
Where:
E = The radiant energy of a photon in Joules (J)
f = The frequency in Hertz (Hz) or s-1)
= Wavelength (m)
c = Velocity of light = 3.0 x 108 m/s
h = Plancks constant (6.626 x 10-34 Js)
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Calculate the energy of an
electromagnetic radiation of wavelength
0.45m in
a. Joules (J)
b. eV
c. What is the color of this radiation?
(1m = 10-6 m; c = 3.0 108 m/s;
h = 6.6 10-34 JS; 1J = 6.2 x 1018 eV)
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Calculate the energy of an
electromagnetic radiation of frequency
6.0 x 109 Hz in
a. Joules (J)
b. eV
(1m = 10-6 m; c = 3.0 108 m/s;
h = 6.6 10-34 JS; 1J = 6.2 x 1018 eV)
Quiz
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Two important physical principles concerning the
emission of electromagnetic radiation:
Hot objects radiate more energy than cooler
objects
A hot object emits radiation with short
wavelengths; a cool object emits radiation with
long wavelengths Schematics of a
warm body
radiating at
shorter
wavelength and
higher energy
than a cool body
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Stefan-Boltzmann Law
The amount of energy emitted increases with the
temperature
E= T4
Where:
E = The blackbody irradiance (in Wm-2),
T = Temperature of the radiating body (in K)
= Stefan Boltzmann constant (5.67 x 10-8 Wm-2K-4)
Plancks Curve
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Wiens Displacement Law
The wavelength of maximum emission (max ) for a body at a
particular temperature is inversely proportional to the
temperature
max = 2897/T
Where:
max = The wavelength of peak emission (in m),
T = The temperature of the radiating body (in K)
Planck Curves
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About half of incoming solar radiation is
absorbed by the surface of the Earth.
The absorption of solar radiation leads to
heating which, in turn, leads to the
emission of long-wave radiation by the
Earths surface
Long-wave outgoing Short-wave incoming solar
terrestrial radiation radiation